Ozoh Joan Nwamaka | NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY,AWKA.NIGERIA. (original) (raw)

Papers by Ozoh Joan Nwamaka

African British journal of Economics development , 2024

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science

The outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic disrupted the Nigerian economy and brought the global economy t... more The outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic disrupted the Nigerian economy and brought the global economy to a standstill. The crisis led to a drop in production volumes and severe market circumstances as the epidemic continued to wreak havoc on the country, SMEs in the informal sector are battling to survive. This study examines the effect of COVID-19 government palliative on informal Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Anambra State, Nigeria. The researcher used purposive sampling technique and selected all informal enterprises in public places using questionnaire as an instrument for data collection which were distributed to 200 SMEs owners in Anambra State. Three commercial areas were selected namely Awka, Onitsha and Nnewi, 180 out of 200 questionnaires were viable. From the Research conducted, COVID-19 Pandemic was found to have a negative impact on volume of sales, revenue, and non-payment of wage during the Crisis. The finding also showed that most SMEs did not receive government p...

Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 2021

Reliable, safe drinking water and sanitation are the fundamental requirements for people trying t... more Reliable, safe drinking water and sanitation are the fundamental requirements for people trying to reach their greatest potential in life. Water and sanitation are some of the primary drivers of public health and critical elements in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A country that secures access to clean water and adequate sanitation facilities for the people irrespective of the difference in their living condition has won a huge battle against all kinds of diseases. The study empirically looks at the use of a water safety plan to know the extent to which the water is safe for drinking in Anambra State. This study is a qualitative study which the researcher adopted a descriptive approach to analyze and present data. Primary and secondary sources of data collection was used. A questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection which involves people in the "WASH" communities while the secondary source was materials collected from health workers. The study found that the identified risks in the 2 WASH communities are: dirty fetcher, a dirty tank, dirty environment, no fence around the dug well, dirty concrete floor, cobwebs around the water tank which makes water unsafe for human consumption. The major challenges experienced by the community in providing safe water is the high cost of water treatment and inadequate finance. The study recommended that there is a need for water policy in the state and the country at large to ensure safe drinking water.

Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 2022

Although improving household welfare is essential to the attainment of numerous United Nations Su... more Although improving household welfare is essential to the attainment of numerous United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), developing countries such as Nigeria has continued to make negligible progress in enhancing household welfare and boosting prosperity with majority of her population still struggling to attain a minimum standard of living. Policy makers has suggested that financial inclusion could be a panacea for welfare improvement. This study examined the impact of financial inclusion on household welfare using Findex 2017 data. The study is a Quantitative research. It made use of quasi experimental research design. The target population are households from 15 years and above. The study performing a counterfactual analysis using propensity score matching technique found that financial inclusion has a positive significant impact on household welfare. The study recommended among others that to achieve increased financial inclusion for all, government, regulatory agenc...

Journal of Management, Economics, and Industrial Organization, 2022

Street children are exposed to violence, rape, abduction, neglect, physical and mental abuse. The... more Street children are exposed to violence, rape, abduction, neglect, physical and mental abuse. These violent experiences, combined with the constant insecurity of having to struggle to find food and shelter, rob these children of their fundamental rights and opportunities to attain full and best life potentials. This study, therefore, evaluated the impact of child labour and violence on the ability of street children to have access to education as well as the effectiveness of coordination and collaboration efforts of stakeholders in curbing child labour and violence in Anambra state. The data for the study were collected through the use of interview schedule and questionnaire and were analyzed through descriptive and multinomial logistic regression methods. Results showed that child labour had significant but negative impact on the ability of street children to go to school while child violence is negative but non-significant. The significance of child labour is further confirmed by the long hours and high frequency on the street by street children, thus making it difficult for them to succeed in school. Results further show that there is coordination failure among stakeholders. The study recommends very strong political will to implement child rights' laws and encourages citizens' vigilance/responsibility towards reporting child abuse, labour and violence.

The signing of the agreement that established the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in... more The signing of the agreement that established the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in the year 2019 is believed to be an African-based growth strategy that is self-reliant and is expected to be the world’s largest free trade area after the World Trade Organization (WTO). The agreement is an attestation to the fact that African countries cannot continue to rely solely on the global trading system and global economy of the world economic powers, probably because they are increasingly becoming unpredictable. However, there is an assumption that the aggregate consumer and business spending on the continent could rise if AfCFTA is implemented successfully. This assumption therefore calls for a research like this to evaluate the likely economic impacts of the free trade agreement on different African countries particularly Nigeria which is the giant of Africa and the focus of this study. To achieve the objectives of the study, descriptive statistical approach was utilized to e...

Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2020

The fight against poverty is one of the key components of the development of any country. If the ... more The fight against poverty is one of the key components of the development of any country. If the percentage of poor people is high, there will be slow development. The government policies and program such as YOUWIN, Better Life is aimed at encouraging entrepreneurship and supporting women into business. Despite these efforts, poverty incidence still increases among women in micro business. This study examined government alleviation programs and dimension of poverty among women into micro business in Anambra state, Nigeria. It is a descriptive survey research. Probability and non- probability sampling technique were employed in which the samples were drawn using multi-stage sampling and purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). The findings of this study showed that most women participating in micro business are not aware of poverty re...

Policy Research Working Papers, 2001

Asian journal of economics, business and accounting, Jan 7, 2022

The Covid-19 epidemic has generated an unprecedented health crisis, with numerous terrible outcom... more The Covid-19 epidemic has generated an unprecedented health crisis, with numerous terrible outcomes, and has impacted every element of social and corporate activity around the world, putting around half of the world's economic activity under stress, as well as supply chains. This study examined the implication of Covid-19 pandemic on the sustainability of small and micro entrepreneur business in the informal sector in Nigeria with specific focus on Ose market in Onitsha, Anambra State. The study specifically analyzed the effect of covid 19 on informal SME, extent of risk and vulnerability and how small and micro businesses were sustained within the period of pandemic. Multi-stage, purposive and random sampling techniques were used in selecting 150 small and micro entrepreneurs business in the informal sector in Onitsha from which data used for the study were collected. Primary data was collected using questionnaire instruments. The study reveals that, Covid-19 exerted significant effect on small and medium scale entrepreneurs in the informal sector and that small and medium scale businesses are vulnerable and prone to risk. The study therefore, recommends among other things that government should provide safety net to small and medium scale business in form of zero interest loan and other forms of government assistance in order to cushion the effect of covid-19.

Journal of economics, management and trade, Mar 3, 2020

Inflation remains a central issue to policy makers and analysts. High inflation induces uncertain... more Inflation remains a central issue to policy makers and analysts. High inflation induces uncertainty, adversely affects financial sector development and it is the goal of monetary authorities to achieve price stability in consonance with the general consensus that price stability aids growth of the economy. Despite the goal of single-digit inflation rate by monetary authority (CBN), the Nigerian economy is still practically characterized by high cost of living, increased variability of relative prices of goods and services; therefore the reliability of the monetary aggregates as the main signal for the conduct of monetary policy for control of inflation has become increasingly questionable. Against this backdrop, this research examined the determinants of dynamics of inflation in Nigeria over a period of 36 years (1982-2016); using New Keynesian Philips Curve theoretical framework, Ordinary Least Square estimation techniques (OLS), ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) econometric techniques to ascertain if inflation is only a monetary phenomenon in Nigeria having inflation as dependent variable and exchange rate (Ex), interest rate (Ir), Unemployment (U), Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) as independent variable. The result of the estimation shows that inflation is not only a monetary phenomenon by the statistical significance of EX and RGDP at short and long-run, U and IR at long-run. Therefore, it was thus Original Research Article

ACTA VŠFS

The sensitive role played by domestic interest rate in the economy has made studies on its determ... more The sensitive role played by domestic interest rate in the economy has made studies on its determinants paramount. This study therefore used the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds framework to investigate the impact of financial openness on domestic interest rate in Nigeria over the period from 1980–2020. The study included three de facto financial openness measures, namely: foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, FDI outflows and portfolio investment as well as one de jure financial openness measure, namely: capital account openness. The short-run results revealed that while FDI inflows had a negative but non-significant impact on domestic interest rate, the impact of FDI outflows was positive and significant. The short-run results also indicated that while foreign portfolio investment had a positive but non-significant impact on domestic interest rate, the impact of capital account openness was positive and significant. In the long-run, the study revealed that FDI inflo...

Journal of economic studies, 2023

Fiscal policy response portends fast-tracking of economic growth and manufacturing sector develop... more Fiscal policy response portends fast-tracking of economic growth and manufacturing sector developmental trends. Thus, the process to achieving this in Nigeria is still a rigorous one if x-rayed critically with the Nigerian economic ineffective planning scenario that we have witnessed over the years. Therefore, using empirical analysis and auto regressive distributed lag model, this paper examined the implication of the fiscal policy response on the Nigeria manufacturing sector growth between 1980 and 2021. Our paper utilized autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL). The result was subjected to normality test, Johansen Co-integration test, Pair-wise Granger causality test. Our results revealed that fiscal policy which was proxied by government expenditure had a positive relationship between manufacturing sector growth in Nigeria but at a very meagre significant level. This has led to the poor growth trend in the manufacturing sector of Nigeria. Based on this, the government needs to focus attention to improving fiscal policy by increasing the manufacturing sector budget, grant to manufacturers and manufacturing firms in Nigeria access to raw materials through waiver to the unfavourable exchange rate that is causing serious problems to manufacturers. This paper concludes that fiscal policy response has not improved manufacturing sector growth in Nigeria in the period understudy. We strongly recommend a strong fiscal policy formulation that will revamp the manufacturing sector through infrastructure development, granting of interest free credit facilities, good roads, and protection from heavy exploitation by unfavourable exchange rates.

Social Science Research Network, 2017

Child labour is a problem that affects children and the society all over the world. Children loos... more Child labour is a problem that affects children and the society all over the world. Children looses their youth and chance of studying, dangers their health and their future thereby providing harm to the society. This study examined child labour and its determinants in Nigeria with specific focus on informal sector of Onitsha Metropolis, Anambra state. It is a descriptive survey research. Interview schedule was used as instrument for data collection. Non-probability sampling was employed in which the sample were drawn using quota and purposive sampling technique. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics(frequencies, percentages and charts).The aim of this study is to find out what determines the labour supply decisions in onitsha metropolis and also to find out the major causative factors of child labour in Onitsha metropolis. The study finds that parents determines the labour supply decisions in the study area. The findings of this study also showed that factors such as illiteracy, Parents ignorance, low level of awareness, high cost of living and low income also contribute to child labour in the study area. The study recommended amongst others that Anti-child labour watch group should be formed to prosecute and penalize parents who engage their children into labour in Onitsha and also government should provide financial assistance to parents to increase their income.

International journal of research and innovation in social science, 2023

Economic integration into the global markets offers the opportunity for rapid growth and poverty ... more Economic integration into the global markets offers the opportunity for rapid growth and poverty reduction, particularly in developing countries. It is believed that lowering trade barriers on imported goods provides the consumers with welfare gains, access to better-quality products and lower prices. Therefore, this paper investigated the impact of common external tariff on household welfare in Nigeria within the period of 2005 to 2021. This study is a quantitative research and the data were sourced from World Bank Integrated Trade Solution database, World Bank Commodity Price data and National Bureau of Statistic. The data collected were analyzed using Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL). The results of the study show that common external tariff are significant and positively impacted on household welfare while tariff changes has significant but negative impact on household welfare. The study, therefore, strongly recommends that all closed borders should be opened in order to discourage smuggling and illegal routes of importing goods while advocating the adoption of Africa’s free trade agreement for better opportunities for export of domestic manufactures

International journal of research and innovation in social science, 2022

Our study aims to find the link between capital inflows and credit to private sector over a perio... more Our study aims to find the link between capital inflows and credit to private sector over a period of 2010M01-2021M08 and to identify if the behavior of banks' credit in each regime differ. Under the framework of ARDL, in the first sub-sample, findings show that capital inflows negatively impacts on credit to private sector in the short-run, while in the long-run, the impact is positive though not significant. The study also finds that the interaction of capital inflows with the dummy variable leads to a positivesignificant impact of capital inflows on credit to private sectorin the short-run. In the second sub-sample, findings show that the impact of capital inflows on credit to private sector is positive but not significant both in the short-run and in the longrun. However, when capital inflows interact with the dummy variable, the impact on credit to private sector is negative and significant in both the short and long-run. Consequently, we recommend that different policy measures should be adopted to suit different shocks to the macroeconomic environment.

Asian journal of economics and empirical research, Mar 24, 2022

This paper aims to investigate the response of private and public sector credit to shocks in mone... more This paper aims to investigate the response of private and public sector credit to shocks in monetary policy instruments with a view to ascertaining if the responses differ. The study utilized the vector autoregressive (VAR) model with monthly data covering the period from 2010M1 to 2021M8. Findings show that credit to private sector responds positively to shocks in money supply and monetary policy rate (MPR) in all periods. However, the response to cash reserve requirement (CRR) was negative beginning from period five, and it also responded negatively to foreign interest rate shock. On the other hand, credit to government was found to respond positively to shocks in money supply up to period two and CRR in all the periods, but it responded negatively to MPR starting from period three. The results of the variance decomposition show that other than shocks to itself, which was 100% in the first period, shocks to other variables influence private sector credit. Also, other than shocks to itself, which was 99.89% in the first period, shocks to other variables lead to shocks to credit to government. We therefore recommend that policies used to influence financial intermediation should factor in the sensitivity of both public and private sectors to these policy instruments and the impact of exogenous shocks should be factored into policy formulation.

Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 2017

In a bid to survive the hard times in the economy, some families have resorted to giving out thei... more In a bid to survive the hard times in the economy, some families have resorted to giving out their children as child labourers so as to earn income for subsistence. This phenomenon has scuttled efforts aimed at human capital development thereby increasing juvenile delinquency while perpetuating the vicious cycle of poverty. This study has its theoretical framework on the theoretical model of child labour supply and examined the impact of child labour on human capital development in Nigeria with a specific focus on Onitsha Metropolis, Anambra state. It is a descriptive survey research. Non-probability sampling was employed and the sample was drawn using quota and purposive sampling techniques. The Interview schedule was used as the instrument for data collection and the data collected were analysed using the qualitative response regression model (binary probit). The study established, from the regression analysis, that child labour has a negative impact on school enrollment rate, mental well-being and physical fitness of children in Onitsha. The study recommended amongst other things, the enforcement of free compulsory education to children in Onitsha. Also, child labour education should be introduced in school curriculum to help create awareness on the rights of the child and consequences of child labour on the mental, physical and social development of children to reduce the menace of child labour.