Catarina Geraldes | Universidade Nova de Lisboa (original) (raw)
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Alexandre N. Pais Museu Nacional do Azulejo, Lisboa, Portugal, apais@mnazulejo.dgpc.pt SUMMARY: T... more Alexandre N. Pais Museu Nacional do Azulejo, Lisboa, Portugal, apais@mnazulejo.dgpc.pt SUMMARY: There are several books about the modern tiles (azulejos) in Portugal, often centring in well known cases by renowned artists or more "spectacular" applications. Spread throughout Portugal (and not only in Lisbon) there is also an important heritage of modern tiled shopfronts that are often neglected and therefore face silent destruction as the shops are passed on to new owners and different branches of business. This communication presents a wealth of modern shopfronts, survivors from a lost era and now in dire danger of permanent loss.
International Conference Glazed Ceramics in Cultural Heritage, 2018
There are several books about the modern tiles (azulejos) in Portugal, often centring in well kno... more There are several books about the modern tiles (azulejos) in Portugal, often centring in well known cases by renowned artists or more "spectacular" applications. Spread throughout Portugal (and not only in Lisbon) there is also an important heritage of modern tiled shopfronts that are often neglected and therefore face silent destruction as the shops are passed on to new owners and different branches of business. This communication presents a wealth of modern shopfronts, survivors from a lost era and now in dire danger of permanent loss.
International Conference Glazed Ceramics in Cultural Heritage, 2018
During the 19 th century azulejos started to be used mostly in urban façades, a novel application... more During the 19 th century azulejos started to be used mostly in urban façades, a novel application that opened the way for the "faience towns". However, by the late 1930s, azulejos were considered something outdated, unworthy of integration in the modern architecture. Later, with the reintroduction of the azulejo in the Brazilian modern architecture during the 1940s, its role as a regional mark rooted in a prestigious history was also recognized by the young Portuguese architects who started integrating them in modern constructions in the first half of the 1950s. Porto stands as a Portuguese town where modern azulejos were used not only in a striking number of works but also with great creativity. However, the references in the bibliography are scant, compared to Lisbon. The aim of this paper is to present the use of modern azulejos in Porto, revealing some unknown cases that mark the period in the town. The discussion will be illustrated with an overview of the city's urban expansion in that period.
International Conference Glazed Ceramics in Cultural Heritage, 2018
Several books present and discuss the use of tiles (azulejos) in Portuguese modern architecture. ... more Several books present and discuss the use of tiles (azulejos) in Portuguese modern architecture. However, these tend to ignore the use of other glazed ceramics of uncertain classification in the same context. Through the process of identification of modern azulejos in Portuguese cities, a new type of glazed ceramic coating has been found which may arguably be classified as azulejos. These are mosaics with a module of 20 x 40 mm whose units are flat glazed ceramics. The only difference from what we usually understand as azulejos result from the facial dimensions (ca. 18 x 38 mm) of those tesselae. They were manufactured at Ourém, Portugal, by a company named Tijomel from 1960 to 1980 and are a unique product that was widely used at the street level as well as in certain details of modern buildings, such as columns or entrance doors. Tijomel mosaics were often used with great creativity and quite striking results. The authors believe that this type of coating is worth considering as part of the modern heritage in Portuguese architecture and decoration. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present and discuss for the first time the use of the Tijomel mosaics, revealing several examples of use.
Intangibility Matters International conference on the values of tangible heritage, 2017
Several books have presented and discussed the use of azulejos in the Portuguese modernist archit... more Several books have presented and discussed the use of azulejos in the Portuguese modernist architecture. However, these tend to ignore the full use of glazed ceramics in the same context. This is probably because in many cases the azulejos are plain and undecorated, or due to the fact that the glazed elements are not actual azulejos, or that their importance in terms of percent of area is low. The authors believe that all cases are worth mentioning and thus present, for the first time, a systematization of all sorts of use of decorative glazed ceramics in Portuguese modernist architecture. This systematization offers a grid of classification in order to make a future enumeration as complete as possible. The authors have also included in this presentation the use of glass mosaics (Evinel), which often complement azulejos and other glazed ceramics in modernist buildings. Values are assigned to the cases identified in terms of utility, aesthetics and touristic appeal. All results are summarized in a conclusive table.
Intangibility Matters International conference on the values of tangible heritage, 2017
With the increasing international appreciation of Portuguese azulejos, spurred not only by the ac... more With the increasing international appreciation of Portuguese azulejos, spurred not only by the acknowledgement of their integration in Baroque architecture as a unique heritage, but also by the continued use of painted tiles that spans to this day, azulejos have been a subject of interest and research. The technology of manufacture, the forms of decay and the materials and techniques for restoration have been studied for pre-20 th century azulejos. However, such studies did not encompass modernist azulejos, manufactured after the second world war, which must be understood and conserved now, so that they will be available for future appreciation. Understanding the relevance of modernist azulejos in Portugal as cultural heritage and the raison d'être of their integration, not only in Portuguese, but also in Brazilian architecture is important to discuss their preservation. The aim of this paper is to discuss and attempt to assign values to modernist azulejos in Portugal as an unique regional trend in the modern movement in Europe.
Applied Physics A, 2016
The restoration materials currently used to fill gaps in historical architectural tiles (e.g. lim... more The restoration materials currently used to fill gaps in historical architectural tiles (e.g. lime or organic resin pastes) usually show serious drawbacks in terms of compatibility, effectiveness or durability. The existing solutions do not fully protect Portuguese faïence tiles (azulejos) in outdoor conditions and frequently result in further deterioration. Geopolymers can be a potential solution for tile lacunae infill, given the chemical-miner-alogical similitude to the ceramic body, and also the durability and versatile range of physical properties that can be obtained through the manipulation of their formulation and curing conditions. This work presents and discusses the viability of the use of geopolymeric pastes to fill lacunae in tiles or to act as ''cold'' cast ceramic tile sur-rogates reproducing missing tile fragments. The formulation of geopolymers, namely the type of activators, the alumino-silicate source, the quantity of water required for adequate workability and curing conditions, was studied. The need for post-curing desalination was also considered envisaging their application in the restoration of outdoor historical architectural tiles frequently exposed to adverse environmental conditions. The possible advantages and disadvantages of the use of geopolymers in the conservation of tiles are also discussed. The results obtained reveal that geopolymers pastes are a promising material for the restoration of tiles, when compared to other solutions currently in use.
Alexandre N. Pais Museu Nacional do Azulejo, Lisboa, Portugal, apais@mnazulejo.dgpc.pt SUMMARY: T... more Alexandre N. Pais Museu Nacional do Azulejo, Lisboa, Portugal, apais@mnazulejo.dgpc.pt SUMMARY: There are several books about the modern tiles (azulejos) in Portugal, often centring in well known cases by renowned artists or more "spectacular" applications. Spread throughout Portugal (and not only in Lisbon) there is also an important heritage of modern tiled shopfronts that are often neglected and therefore face silent destruction as the shops are passed on to new owners and different branches of business. This communication presents a wealth of modern shopfronts, survivors from a lost era and now in dire danger of permanent loss.
International Conference Glazed Ceramics in Cultural Heritage, 2018
There are several books about the modern tiles (azulejos) in Portugal, often centring in well kno... more There are several books about the modern tiles (azulejos) in Portugal, often centring in well known cases by renowned artists or more "spectacular" applications. Spread throughout Portugal (and not only in Lisbon) there is also an important heritage of modern tiled shopfronts that are often neglected and therefore face silent destruction as the shops are passed on to new owners and different branches of business. This communication presents a wealth of modern shopfronts, survivors from a lost era and now in dire danger of permanent loss.
International Conference Glazed Ceramics in Cultural Heritage, 2018
During the 19 th century azulejos started to be used mostly in urban façades, a novel application... more During the 19 th century azulejos started to be used mostly in urban façades, a novel application that opened the way for the "faience towns". However, by the late 1930s, azulejos were considered something outdated, unworthy of integration in the modern architecture. Later, with the reintroduction of the azulejo in the Brazilian modern architecture during the 1940s, its role as a regional mark rooted in a prestigious history was also recognized by the young Portuguese architects who started integrating them in modern constructions in the first half of the 1950s. Porto stands as a Portuguese town where modern azulejos were used not only in a striking number of works but also with great creativity. However, the references in the bibliography are scant, compared to Lisbon. The aim of this paper is to present the use of modern azulejos in Porto, revealing some unknown cases that mark the period in the town. The discussion will be illustrated with an overview of the city's urban expansion in that period.
International Conference Glazed Ceramics in Cultural Heritage, 2018
Several books present and discuss the use of tiles (azulejos) in Portuguese modern architecture. ... more Several books present and discuss the use of tiles (azulejos) in Portuguese modern architecture. However, these tend to ignore the use of other glazed ceramics of uncertain classification in the same context. Through the process of identification of modern azulejos in Portuguese cities, a new type of glazed ceramic coating has been found which may arguably be classified as azulejos. These are mosaics with a module of 20 x 40 mm whose units are flat glazed ceramics. The only difference from what we usually understand as azulejos result from the facial dimensions (ca. 18 x 38 mm) of those tesselae. They were manufactured at Ourém, Portugal, by a company named Tijomel from 1960 to 1980 and are a unique product that was widely used at the street level as well as in certain details of modern buildings, such as columns or entrance doors. Tijomel mosaics were often used with great creativity and quite striking results. The authors believe that this type of coating is worth considering as part of the modern heritage in Portuguese architecture and decoration. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present and discuss for the first time the use of the Tijomel mosaics, revealing several examples of use.
Intangibility Matters International conference on the values of tangible heritage, 2017
Several books have presented and discussed the use of azulejos in the Portuguese modernist archit... more Several books have presented and discussed the use of azulejos in the Portuguese modernist architecture. However, these tend to ignore the full use of glazed ceramics in the same context. This is probably because in many cases the azulejos are plain and undecorated, or due to the fact that the glazed elements are not actual azulejos, or that their importance in terms of percent of area is low. The authors believe that all cases are worth mentioning and thus present, for the first time, a systematization of all sorts of use of decorative glazed ceramics in Portuguese modernist architecture. This systematization offers a grid of classification in order to make a future enumeration as complete as possible. The authors have also included in this presentation the use of glass mosaics (Evinel), which often complement azulejos and other glazed ceramics in modernist buildings. Values are assigned to the cases identified in terms of utility, aesthetics and touristic appeal. All results are summarized in a conclusive table.
Intangibility Matters International conference on the values of tangible heritage, 2017
With the increasing international appreciation of Portuguese azulejos, spurred not only by the ac... more With the increasing international appreciation of Portuguese azulejos, spurred not only by the acknowledgement of their integration in Baroque architecture as a unique heritage, but also by the continued use of painted tiles that spans to this day, azulejos have been a subject of interest and research. The technology of manufacture, the forms of decay and the materials and techniques for restoration have been studied for pre-20 th century azulejos. However, such studies did not encompass modernist azulejos, manufactured after the second world war, which must be understood and conserved now, so that they will be available for future appreciation. Understanding the relevance of modernist azulejos in Portugal as cultural heritage and the raison d'être of their integration, not only in Portuguese, but also in Brazilian architecture is important to discuss their preservation. The aim of this paper is to discuss and attempt to assign values to modernist azulejos in Portugal as an unique regional trend in the modern movement in Europe.
Applied Physics A, 2016
The restoration materials currently used to fill gaps in historical architectural tiles (e.g. lim... more The restoration materials currently used to fill gaps in historical architectural tiles (e.g. lime or organic resin pastes) usually show serious drawbacks in terms of compatibility, effectiveness or durability. The existing solutions do not fully protect Portuguese faïence tiles (azulejos) in outdoor conditions and frequently result in further deterioration. Geopolymers can be a potential solution for tile lacunae infill, given the chemical-miner-alogical similitude to the ceramic body, and also the durability and versatile range of physical properties that can be obtained through the manipulation of their formulation and curing conditions. This work presents and discusses the viability of the use of geopolymeric pastes to fill lacunae in tiles or to act as ''cold'' cast ceramic tile sur-rogates reproducing missing tile fragments. The formulation of geopolymers, namely the type of activators, the alumino-silicate source, the quantity of water required for adequate workability and curing conditions, was studied. The need for post-curing desalination was also considered envisaging their application in the restoration of outdoor historical architectural tiles frequently exposed to adverse environmental conditions. The possible advantages and disadvantages of the use of geopolymers in the conservation of tiles are also discussed. The results obtained reveal that geopolymers pastes are a promising material for the restoration of tiles, when compared to other solutions currently in use.