Jaya Eddy | Lambung Mangkurat University (original) (raw)
Uploads
Papers by Jaya Eddy
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994
In December 1991, 30 conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) stations to 1000 dbar were obtained fro... more In December 1991, 30 conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) stations to 1000 dbar were obtained from the R/V Baruna Jaya I in the Flores Sea, Banda Sea, and Alor-Wetar passage of the Indonesian sea. A salinity maximum within the interval 100-150 dbar and a salinity minimum within the interval 300-350 dbar mark water mass core layers derived from the North Pacific. They are drawn into the Flores Sea from the Makassar Strait, with subsequent flow into the Banda Sea, and are weakened en route by strong vertical mixing characteristic of the Indonesian seas. In the Flores Sea, water below 300 dbar becomes saltier with increased distance from the Makassar Strait, suggesting that an advective process may be drawing relatively salty water into the Flores Sea lower thermocline from the Banda Sea. The Banda-to-Flores Sea flow may be a consequence of vertical transfer of horizontal momentum produced by the same turbulent processes that are responsible for enhanced vertical mixing. The interocean transport profile may not correspond exactly with the Pacific-to-Indian Ocean pressure gradient profile, as deeper water is carried along with the through flow by the effects of eddy viscosity. The 550-m sill at the southern end of the Makassar Strait creates a situation where downward flux of momentum entrains deeper water that must be compensated by lower thermocline water drawn from the Banda Sea. Geostrophic transport relative to 1000 dbar in the Banda Sea shows not only a strong through flow transport in the upper 300 dbar (6.3×106 m3 s-1) but also a deeper flow toward the Flores Sea (1.5×106 m3 s-1 from 300 to 500 dbar and an additional 2.4×106 m3 s-1 from 500 to 1000 dbar). A simple model suggests that the magnitude of the deeper westward flow is proportional to the vertical eddy viscosity coefficient. Water mass analysis shows that either the South Pacific or Indian Ocean can provide the lower thermocline Banda Sea water.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Health Economics, 2008
In the absence of formal health insurance, we argue that the strategies households adopt to finan... more In the absence of formal health insurance, we argue that the strategies households adopt to finance health care have important implications for the measurement and interpretation of how health payments impact on consumption and poverty. Given data on source of finance, we propose to (a) approximate the relative impact of health payments on current consumption with a ‘coping’-adjusted health expenditure ratio, (b) uncover poverty that is ‘hidden’ because total household expenditure is inflated by financial coping strategies and (c) identify poverty that is ‘transient’ because necessary consumption is temporarily sacrificed to pay for health care. Measures that ignore coping strategies not only overstate the risk to current consumption and exaggerate the scale of catastrophic payments but also overlook the long-run burden of health payments. Nationally representative data from India reveal that coping strategies finance as much as three-quarters of the cost of inpatient care. Payments for inpatient care exceed 10% of total household expenditure for around 30% of hospitalized households but less than 4% sacrifice more than 10% of current consumption to accommodate this spending.Ignoring health payments leads to underestimate poverty by 7–8% points among hospitalized households; 80% of this adjustment is hidden poverty due to coping. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 2011
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994
In December 1991, 30 conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) stations to 1000 dbar were obtained fro... more In December 1991, 30 conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) stations to 1000 dbar were obtained from the R/V Baruna Jaya I in the Flores Sea, Banda Sea, and Alor-Wetar passage of the Indonesian sea. A salinity maximum within the interval 100-150 dbar and a salinity minimum within the interval 300-350 dbar mark water mass core layers derived from the North Pacific. They are drawn into the Flores Sea from the Makassar Strait, with subsequent flow into the Banda Sea, and are weakened en route by strong vertical mixing characteristic of the Indonesian seas. In the Flores Sea, water below 300 dbar becomes saltier with increased distance from the Makassar Strait, suggesting that an advective process may be drawing relatively salty water into the Flores Sea lower thermocline from the Banda Sea. The Banda-to-Flores Sea flow may be a consequence of vertical transfer of horizontal momentum produced by the same turbulent processes that are responsible for enhanced vertical mixing. The interocean transport profile may not correspond exactly with the Pacific-to-Indian Ocean pressure gradient profile, as deeper water is carried along with the through flow by the effects of eddy viscosity. The 550-m sill at the southern end of the Makassar Strait creates a situation where downward flux of momentum entrains deeper water that must be compensated by lower thermocline water drawn from the Banda Sea. Geostrophic transport relative to 1000 dbar in the Banda Sea shows not only a strong through flow transport in the upper 300 dbar (6.3×106 m3 s-1) but also a deeper flow toward the Flores Sea (1.5×106 m3 s-1 from 300 to 500 dbar and an additional 2.4×106 m3 s-1 from 500 to 1000 dbar). A simple model suggests that the magnitude of the deeper westward flow is proportional to the vertical eddy viscosity coefficient. Water mass analysis shows that either the South Pacific or Indian Ocean can provide the lower thermocline Banda Sea water.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Health Economics, 2008
In the absence of formal health insurance, we argue that the strategies households adopt to finan... more In the absence of formal health insurance, we argue that the strategies households adopt to finance health care have important implications for the measurement and interpretation of how health payments impact on consumption and poverty. Given data on source of finance, we propose to (a) approximate the relative impact of health payments on current consumption with a ‘coping’-adjusted health expenditure ratio, (b) uncover poverty that is ‘hidden’ because total household expenditure is inflated by financial coping strategies and (c) identify poverty that is ‘transient’ because necessary consumption is temporarily sacrificed to pay for health care. Measures that ignore coping strategies not only overstate the risk to current consumption and exaggerate the scale of catastrophic payments but also overlook the long-run burden of health payments. Nationally representative data from India reveal that coping strategies finance as much as three-quarters of the cost of inpatient care. Payments for inpatient care exceed 10% of total household expenditure for around 30% of hospitalized households but less than 4% sacrifice more than 10% of current consumption to accommodate this spending.Ignoring health payments leads to underestimate poverty by 7–8% points among hospitalized households; 80% of this adjustment is hidden poverty due to coping. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 2011
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact