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Papers by Lizabeth Johnson

Married Women, Crime and the Courts in Late Medieval Wales

The Medieval March of Wales: The Creation and Perception of a Frontier, 1066-1283, by Max Lieberman

Canadian Journal of History, 2011

15.01.32, Stephenson, Political Power in Medieval Gwynedd

Medieval Feminist Forum, 2013

Daughters of London, Kate Kelsey Staples examines the bequests of real estate and moveable proper... more Daughters of London, Kate Kelsey Staples examines the bequests of real estate and moveable property made to the daughters of Londoners in the Husting wills from 1300 to 1500. Staples explains that she chose to focus on the role of daughters within these wills because being a daughter was an aspect of a woman' s life that never changed, unlike her marital status, and by researching this unchanging aspect of women's lives Staples intends to present a clearer image of women' s overall role in late medieval society. By using the Husting wills, a type of will that entailed a fee of between 2 s. 8d. and 16 s. 8d. (20) to be registered in the Court of Husting and, therefore, speaks to the last wishes of the middling classes of London, Staples attempts to illuminate the expectations that these late medieval parents, both fathers and mothers, had for their daughters. In particular, Staples is interested in whether these testators intended their daughters to have property solely as a means of negotiating better marriages or if they intended their daughters to use the property in order to become active economic agents. In order to explore the role of daughters as heirs in medieval London, Staples first examines the testators themselves and how their gender and social status affected their bequests. An interesting aspect of this section of her work is that she demonstrates that women were more likely to bequeath landed property to sons than to daughters, but that fathers bequeathed landed property to sons and daughters in roughly equal amounts. With regard to social status and its effect on bequests, Staples indicates that some occupational groups in London were more likely to bequeath landed property to daughters than to sons, specifically artisans, professionals (defined as those whose occupations required some education and literacy), and nobles. In contrast, those occupational groups in London that preferred to bequeath landed property to sons included merchants, governmental officials, and clergy. Staples argues that while gender and occupation did influence whether and how much property a daughter might receive in a will, all classes of parents clearly wished to provide their daughters with opportunities for social and economic success. In two separate chapters, Staples examines the inheritance of landed property and moveable property to demonstrate how these two types of property could provide economic opportunities for daughters as well as sons. In her discussion

Married Women and the Law in Premodern Northwest EuropeCORDELIA BEATTIE MATTHEW FRANK STEVENS (Eds)

Women's History Review, 2014

Concubinage and prostitution were common practices in medieval Europe, and evidence for both prac... more Concubinage and prostitution were common practices in medieval Europe, and evidence for both practices can be found in the native, pre-conquest Welsh law texts. However, while official attitudes towards concubinage and prostitution in the pre-conquest period remain unclear due to the lack of survival of pre-conquest court records, the post-conquest court roll evidence from the Marcher lordships and principality indicates that official attitudes towards concubines and prostitutes changed over the course of the fourteenth century, becoming increasingly negative towards both groups of women, a situation that paralleled developments in European society as a whole. In the final century of Wales’s independence, various scholars in the employ of the English court and church produced numerous claims regarding the backwardness of Welsh society and culture, including marital and sexual practices. According to Gerald of Wales, ‘There is no fear of God before their eyes’, and [the Welsh] have n...

Attitudes Towards Spousal Violence in Medieval Wales

The Welsh History Review / Cylchgrawn Hanes Cymru

Sex and the Single Welshwoman: Prostitution and Concubinage in Late Medieval Wales

G-Protein coupling of muscarinic receptors in adult and neonatal rat submandibular cells

Journal of Cellular Physiology, 1996

Abstract The submandibular glands of neonatal and adult rats express muscarinic cholinergic recep... more Abstract The submandibular glands of neonatal and adult rats express muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Receptor occupancy initiates signaling through activation of phospholipase C, hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids, and calcium mobilization. The ...

Archives of Oral Biology, 1996

Muscarinic cholinergic stimulation of submandibular acinar cells results in the activation of Ca2... more Muscarinic cholinergic stimulation of submandibular acinar cells results in the activation of Ca2÷-dependent ion-transport pathways responsible for the secretion of primary saliva. Decreased saliva production is common among elderly people and may compromise oral health with implications for systemic health, nutrition, and quality of life. The density and affinity of muscarinic receptors in the submandibular gland of rats and the Ca 2÷ responses to stimulation of these receptors in the acinar cells were examined. An increase in the number of receptors and increases in the affinities of the receptors were found as the rats age from 7 weeks to 11 months. However, the coupling of the receptors to the intracellular Ca 2÷ signals in acinar cell clusters was substantially reduced in the older animals. Copyright (?) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.