Antonio Atenas | Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (original) (raw)
Address: Santiago, Region Metropolitana, Chile
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Papers by Antonio Atenas
Revista Brasileira De Anestesiologia, 2007
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As pesquisas recentes têm focalizado a plasticidade bioquímica e estru... more JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As pesquisas recentes têm focalizado a plasticidade bioquímica e estrutural do sistema nervoso decorrente da lesão tissular. Os mecanismos envolvidos na transição da dor aguda para crônica são complexos e envolvem a interação de sistemas receptores e o fluxo de íons intracelulares, sistemas de segundo mensageiro e novas conexões sinápticas. O objetivo deste artigo foi discutir os novos mecanismos que envolvem a sensibilização periférica e central. CONTEÚDO: A lesão tissular provoca aumento na resposta dos nociceptores, chamada de sensibilização ou facilitação. Esses fenômenos iniciam-se após a liberação local de mediadores inflamatórios e a ativação de células do sistema imune ou de receptores específicos no sistema nervoso periférico e central. CONCLUSÕES: As lesões do tecido e dos neurônios resultam em sensibilização de nociceptores e facilitação da condução nervosa central e periférica.
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2010
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women. Regardless of progn... more Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women. Regardless of prognosis, all women with breast cancer are at risk for early recurrence. Nearly 50% of early recurrences occur within 5 years of surgery, and they peak at 2 years after surgery in women treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. Most early recurrences are distant metastases, which strongly correlate with increased mortality. Treatments that mitigate the risk of early distant metastases (DM) are, therefore, likely to improve overall survival in women with early breast cancer (EBC). Aromatase inhibitors (AIs)—anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane—have been investigated as alternatives to tamoxifen for adjuvant treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) EBC in postmenopausal women (PMW). AIs are better at minimizing risk of early relapse compared with tamoxifen. However, it is not clear if preferential use of AIs over tamoxifen will benefit all PMW with HR+ EBC. The ability to subtype HR+ breast cancer on the basis of biomarkers predictive of response to AIs and tamoxifen would likely be key to determining the most beneficial hormonal treatment within patient subpopulations, but this process requires thorough investigation. Until then, adjuvant therapies that provide the greatest reduction in risk of DM should be considered for all PMW with HR+ EBC. This article reviews the clinical trials of AI adjuvant therapies for hormone-sensitive breast cancer, particularly in the context of how they compare with tamoxifen in minimizing the risk of relapse, occurrence of DM, and breast cancer-related deaths.
In the Italian Constituent Assembly (1946–1947) the attempts made at relating the composition of ... more In the Italian Constituent Assembly (1946–1947) the attempts made at relating the composition of the Upper Chamber (the Senate of the Republic) to the new regional architecture produced very disappointing results. It is in fact true that it was attempted to make the structure of the body reflect the country's regionalization. But the rules introduced to produce that result failed to transform the Senate into a Chamber representing the regions. That is why the Italian Senate is normally perceived as a political Chamber that is no different in qualitative terms from the Lower Chamber – the Chamber of Deputies. The radical constitutional reform of regionalism (2001), achieved in part through decidedly federally-oriented constitutional techniques, kept the rules governing the Senate practically unchanged, both as regards its composition and its powers. The new constitutional reform, defeated in a national referendum held on 25–26 June 2006, tried to transform the Senate. But the results were very disappointing. Constitutionalists in fact agreed almost unanimously that the arrangements regarding the Upper House and its role probably represented the worst part of the reform. The project's rejection by the national referendum will probably not spell the end of the reform process. Many politicians both from the majority and opposition believe that the subject of constitutional reform should be brought back. But – in the opinion of this Author – it is unlikely that such a debate will succeed in ensuring that the Senate's composition correctly reflect the country's regional structure. It is fact extremely improbable that any substantial changes are made to the two rules which would need to be radically reviewed in that context: the rules concerning the regions' fundamentally proportional representation and the direct election of Senators.
Magister en Comunicación Digital (modalidad e-learning) MARCA SELECCIONADA: TRANSANTIAGO PLATAFOR... more Magister en Comunicación Digital (modalidad e-learning) MARCA SELECCIONADA: TRANSANTIAGO PLATAFORMAS ANALIZADAS: SITIO WEB www.transantiago.cl y FANSPAGE FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/Transantiago
Revista Brasileira De Anestesiologia, 2007
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As pesquisas recentes têm focalizado a plasticidade bioquímica e estru... more JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As pesquisas recentes têm focalizado a plasticidade bioquímica e estrutural do sistema nervoso decorrente da lesão tissular. Os mecanismos envolvidos na transição da dor aguda para crônica são complexos e envolvem a interação de sistemas receptores e o fluxo de íons intracelulares, sistemas de segundo mensageiro e novas conexões sinápticas. O objetivo deste artigo foi discutir os novos mecanismos que envolvem a sensibilização periférica e central. CONTEÚDO: A lesão tissular provoca aumento na resposta dos nociceptores, chamada de sensibilização ou facilitação. Esses fenômenos iniciam-se após a liberação local de mediadores inflamatórios e a ativação de células do sistema imune ou de receptores específicos no sistema nervoso periférico e central. CONCLUSÕES: As lesões do tecido e dos neurônios resultam em sensibilização de nociceptores e facilitação da condução nervosa central e periférica.
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2010
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women. Regardless of progn... more Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women. Regardless of prognosis, all women with breast cancer are at risk for early recurrence. Nearly 50% of early recurrences occur within 5 years of surgery, and they peak at 2 years after surgery in women treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. Most early recurrences are distant metastases, which strongly correlate with increased mortality. Treatments that mitigate the risk of early distant metastases (DM) are, therefore, likely to improve overall survival in women with early breast cancer (EBC). Aromatase inhibitors (AIs)—anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane—have been investigated as alternatives to tamoxifen for adjuvant treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) EBC in postmenopausal women (PMW). AIs are better at minimizing risk of early relapse compared with tamoxifen. However, it is not clear if preferential use of AIs over tamoxifen will benefit all PMW with HR+ EBC. The ability to subtype HR+ breast cancer on the basis of biomarkers predictive of response to AIs and tamoxifen would likely be key to determining the most beneficial hormonal treatment within patient subpopulations, but this process requires thorough investigation. Until then, adjuvant therapies that provide the greatest reduction in risk of DM should be considered for all PMW with HR+ EBC. This article reviews the clinical trials of AI adjuvant therapies for hormone-sensitive breast cancer, particularly in the context of how they compare with tamoxifen in minimizing the risk of relapse, occurrence of DM, and breast cancer-related deaths.
In the Italian Constituent Assembly (1946–1947) the attempts made at relating the composition of ... more In the Italian Constituent Assembly (1946–1947) the attempts made at relating the composition of the Upper Chamber (the Senate of the Republic) to the new regional architecture produced very disappointing results. It is in fact true that it was attempted to make the structure of the body reflect the country's regionalization. But the rules introduced to produce that result failed to transform the Senate into a Chamber representing the regions. That is why the Italian Senate is normally perceived as a political Chamber that is no different in qualitative terms from the Lower Chamber – the Chamber of Deputies. The radical constitutional reform of regionalism (2001), achieved in part through decidedly federally-oriented constitutional techniques, kept the rules governing the Senate practically unchanged, both as regards its composition and its powers. The new constitutional reform, defeated in a national referendum held on 25–26 June 2006, tried to transform the Senate. But the results were very disappointing. Constitutionalists in fact agreed almost unanimously that the arrangements regarding the Upper House and its role probably represented the worst part of the reform. The project's rejection by the national referendum will probably not spell the end of the reform process. Many politicians both from the majority and opposition believe that the subject of constitutional reform should be brought back. But – in the opinion of this Author – it is unlikely that such a debate will succeed in ensuring that the Senate's composition correctly reflect the country's regional structure. It is fact extremely improbable that any substantial changes are made to the two rules which would need to be radically reviewed in that context: the rules concerning the regions' fundamentally proportional representation and the direct election of Senators.
Magister en Comunicación Digital (modalidad e-learning) MARCA SELECCIONADA: TRANSANTIAGO PLATAFOR... more Magister en Comunicación Digital (modalidad e-learning) MARCA SELECCIONADA: TRANSANTIAGO PLATAFORMAS ANALIZADAS: SITIO WEB www.transantiago.cl y FANSPAGE FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/Transantiago