Joseph Eyo | University of Nigeria, Nsukka (original) (raw)

Papers by Joseph Eyo

Animal Research International, 2024

The use of black soldier fly (BSF) technology is a good organic waste management technique that r... more The use of black soldier fly (BSF) technology is a good organic waste management technique that results in the production of valuable agricultural products. Waste management uses different technologies depending on the type of waste being handled. This study manages organic waste using BSF. The BSF larvae have a high ability to degrade organic waste, and after degrading the larvae are harvested for animal feed as a protein source. The quality of harvested BSF larvae depends on what they eat. In this study, biochar was blended with market wastes, and fed to BSF larvae to improve both the larvae's growth rate and the quality of the frass. Biochar absorbs moisture in the feed making the BSF larvae grow well in optimal moisture content. The results indicated that including 25% biochar in rearing BSF larvae improves their growth rate. The weight of the larvae obtained in each substrate on the harvested day were 0.25 ± 0.03 and 0.13 ± 0.01 g in BI and MW, respectively. The unconsumed feed (frass) from each substrate used to grow vegetables and the growth parameters recorded show that the plants grow better in BI than in frass from MW and BI. Plants grown in frass without biochar grow slowly. Therefore, for more productivity of BSF larvae biochar should be blended in the BSF feed. This also reduces the smell of the fermented BSF feed and improves the quality of the frass.

Animal Research International, 2024

This study sought to assess the possibility of genetically improving the performance of the Afric... more This study sought to assess the possibility of genetically improving the performance of the African catfish using triploidy techniques. The experiment was carried out using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with varied temperatures, time spent before shock after fertilisation, and durations of the shock for the triploid production experiment and
four treatments replicated thrice for the culture experiment. Fertilised eggs from each female parent stock were subjected to either cold or heat shock treatments. The result showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the hatching time and survival of the fertilized eggs subjected to different cold and heat shock treatments as compared to the control which recorded the shortest hatching time of 22.48 ± 0.00 hours. The temperature regime
of 2oC recorded the highest approximate yield of triploids (98.33 ± 1.66%), while the prolonged duration of the shock of 30 minutes at the temperature regime of 3oC significantly increased (p<0.05) triploid yield. Comparatively, triploids significantly gained more weight, had an increased growth rate, and grew longer than the diploid counterparts
with an average of 11.22 ± 1.07 g, 0.013 ± 0.001%, and 21.49 ± 0.47 cm respectively. The highest comparative cost of the diet of 1000 catfish juveniles occurred in triploids with a stocking density of 7 fishes/m2 (N14,132.50). However, the seed, feed, and variable costs consistently decreased with increasing stocking densities across the ploidies. It is
therefore concluded that the triploids were superior in both production attributes and cost benefits.

Animal Research International, 2024

A comparative study of local and exotic chicks' growth performance and feed utilization under an ... more A comparative study of local and exotic chicks' growth performance and feed utilization under an intensive rearing system was undertaken. A total of 32 chicks comprising 16 birds each of local and exotic breeds were studied. All birds were raised from day-old to eight weeks of age under identical housing, feeding, and management procedures during which growth and feed utilization parameters were measured. At the end of the study, the exotic breed had a significantly higher (p<0.05) mean weight than the local breed (Exotic 241.60 ± 51.33, Local 36.14 ± 9.08). Local breed had a significantly lower (p<0.05) mean feed intake (FI) (Local 168.65 ± 29.94, Exotic 665.00 ± 112.82) over the same period. The mean feed efficiency ratio (FER) of the exotic breed was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the local breed (Exotic 0.38 ± 0.05, local 0.20 ± 0.03). Furthermore, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean specific growth rate (SGR) and the mean feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the two breeds when compared weekly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the exotic breed was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the local breed throughout the experimental period. In conclusion, the exotic chickens had better growth rates than local chickens, as observed in their linear body measurements. The local chickens consume less feed when compared to exotic counterparts reared under the same conditions despite a significant improvement in the growth and feed utilization of local chickens.

Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2024

Identification of the phytochemical composition of plants is vital in new drug discovery and lead... more Identification of the phytochemical composition of plants is vital in new drug discovery and lead compound development for the management of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Lantana camara is an important medicinal essential oil-producing plant used in folklore medicine for the treatment of several diseases. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and profiled the biologically active principles present in L. camara leaf extracts collected from Orba, Enugu State of Nigeria. The profiling of L. camara leaves methanol and aqueous extracts was done using qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and GC-MS techniques. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the steroids, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides and phenolic contents of methanol and aqueous extracts. The phenolic content in methanol (1563.85±0.07 mg/100g) and aqueous (1425.23±0.36 mg/100g) were significantly higher than other phytochemicals tested in this study. There was significantly (p < 0.05) higher alkaloids (506.74±5.52 mg/100g), flavonoids (372.04±8.39 mg/100g) and tannins (1426.43±7.43 mg/100g) in the methanol compared with the aqueous extracts with 349.92±13.10 mg/100g, 231.99±6.16 mg/100g and 1351.62±20.6 mg/100g respectively. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 39 biologically important compounds which included bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 9,19-cyclolanostan-3-ol-11-one acetate, 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl), n-hexadecanoic acid, (Z)-7-hexadecenal, phytol acetate, phytol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and bicyclo [4.4.0] dec-2-ene-4-ol 2-methyl-9-(prop-1-en-3-ol-2-yl). The phytochemical analysis and the GC-MS profiling of the extracts of L. camara showed the presence of biologically important phytochemicals which could be responsible for the ethnomedicinal effects of L. camara.

African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 2024

A seventy-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the replacement value of corn cob meal as a d... more A seventy-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the replacement value of corn cob meal as a dietary replacement for corn meal in diets of Clarias gariepinus. The corn cob was treated with 2% NaOH. The treatment reduced the fibre and increased the protein contents of the corn cob. Six isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) diets were formulated and corn cob meal was included in the diets at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 100% inclusion levels designated as diets A, B, C, D, E, F, and G respectively, and diet H (commercial Coppens fish feed). The acceptability of the diets was studied using the time to strike the pellets and the acceptability index. The growth response and cost of diets were estimated. Results indicated that substituting corn meal with corn cob meal in diets fed to C. gariepinus juveniles increased the time taken by fish to strike dietary pellets. The higher the proportion of corn cob meal in the diet, the lower the acceptability of the diet to the fish. The least acceptable diet was diet G. The fish fed diet H recorded better weight gains and specific growth rate followed by the control diet and diet C respectively. There were significant differences between the control diets and the experimental diets (P < 0.05). The cost-benefit analysis showed that catfishes fed the control diets had a comparatively lower cost of diet per unit weight gain than the fish fed the corn cob-based diets. This was closely followed by diet C. This study demonstrated that corn cob meal can be successfully used to replace corn meal in the diets of Clarias gariepinus at inclusion levels of up to 30% but it is efficacious and cost-effective at a 20% inclusion level.

Acta Ecologica Sinica, Dec 1, 2021

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Jun 1, 2023

South Asian Journal of Parasitology, 2020

Aim: Malaria knowledge, practices, prevalence and parasitaemia among pregnant women in Ebonyi Sta... more Aim: Malaria knowledge, practices, prevalence and parasitaemia among pregnant women in Ebonyi State, Nigeria was assessed in this present study. Methodology: The study was carried out from April 2011 to March 2012 from two purposively selected hospitals in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Three hundred and sixty pregnant women were selected at random for this study. Venous blood samples were collected and Giemsa stained thin and thick blood films were used to determine malaria species and parasitaemia. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Original Research Article prevalence was observed among those with tertiary education 27(33.8%). The prevalence in relation to occupation showed that farmers had the highest prevalence 45(54.9%), followed by house wives 21(42.9%) and traders 49(40.2%). Students 8(25.0%) had the least prevalence. High parasitaemia was observed in all age groups. Moderate and severe prevalence was seen in (15-20 yrs) and (26-30 yrs) age groups. With regards to occupation, civil servants and artisans had light parasitaemia moderate and severe parasitaemia was seen among farmers and traders. In education, light parasitaemia was observed among women with no formal education while moderate and severe intensities were observed among women with primary education. Conclusion: From the findings of this study, malaria continues to exert significant public health problem among pregnant women in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. This was found to be due to poor knowledge of the cause, mode of transmission and prevention measures of malaria among these pregnant women. Pregnant women are therefore advised to attend antenatal care where malaria education should be carried out frequently which will help to reduce its morbidity and mortality.

Croatian Journal of Fisheries, Mar 31, 2014

Journal of fisheries and aquaculture, 2013

Animal Research International, Apr 17, 2008

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2013

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of Citrus sinensis peel oil on the ovipositi... more The present study was undertaken to study the effect of Citrus sinensis peel oil on the oviposition and development of Callosobruchus maculatus in some legume grains. Oviposition deterrency and F1 adult emergence were carried out with split plot design of six concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 ml) replicated four times on cowpea, bambara groundnut and pigeon pea against C. maculatus. The phytochemical study of C. sinensis peel oil revealed that s - pinene and limonene were the most active ingredients with percentage chemical contents of 9.3 and 70 respectively. The mean developmental periods of C. maculatus in the selected legumes showed significant differences while the percentage emergence of beetle was highest in cowpea (95%) followed by bambara groundnut (84%) and pigeon pea (68%). The sex ratio of emerged C. maculatus in the three legumes showed that more females than males were emerged, and emergence (%) was higher in cowpea than other legumes. The mean fecundity i...

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019

Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extract (HS) is often used as complementary therapy for hypertension.... more Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extract (HS) is often used as complementary therapy for hypertension. However, some studies have shown that coadministration with a conventional antihypertensive drug can affect drug potency. We compared the effects of HS plus captopril (CAP) coadministration to HS and CAP administration alone on blood pressure and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) biomarkers in the rat two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) model of hypertension. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n=6/group), a normal control (SHAM) group, and six 2K1C groups. In 2K1C animals, hypertension was induced using a stainless microclip (inner diameter of 0.20 mm). Four weeks after 2K1C surgery, blood pressure was significantly higher than in the SHAM group. Then, model rats were randomly divided into negative control (2K1C, no treatment), positive control (4.5 mg captopril/200 g body weight [BW] orally [p.o.]), HS alone (30 mg/200 g BW; p.o.), and 3 co-treatment gro...

Asian Journal of Research in Zoology

This study was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the effect of leaves extract of three bota... more This study was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the effect of leaves extract of three botanicals on the biochemical parameters of insect pest of stored beans, Callosobruchus maculatus. The results of the qualitative phytochemicals revealed the presence of different metabolites such as tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids etc. The toxic effect of methanolic leaves extracts of Lasianthera africana, Hippocratea africana and Uvaria chamae on the mortality and biochemical parameters after treatment against C. maculatus was evaluated. The result showed that treatment of the insects with these extracts significantly increased mortality in C. maculatus. There was a significant inhibition of the enzymatic activities of the digestive enzymes (such as amylase and invertase) in the treated larvae. The transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT) were found to be reduced in the insect after treatment (33.2 and 42.6) while the result of the phosphatase (AC...

This study was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the effect of leaves extract of three bota... more This study was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the effect of leaves extract of three botanicals on the biochemical parameters of insect pest of stored beans, Callosobruchus maculatus. The results of the qualitative phytochemicals revealed the presence of different metabolites such as tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids etc. The toxic effect of methanolic leaves extracts of Lasianthera africana, Hippocratea africana and Uvaria chamae on the mortality and biochemical parameters after treatment against C. maculatus was evaluated. The result showed that treatment of the insects with these extracts significantly increased mortality in C. maculatus. There was a significant inhibition of the enzymatic activities of the digestive enzymes (such as amylase and invertase) in the treated larvae. The transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT) were found to be reduced in the insect after treatment (33.2 and 42.6) while the result of the phosphatase (ACP and ALP) enzyme activity showed a potent inhibitory effect of the leaves extract, which was more pronounced in ALP (75.8%) than ACP (31.8%).

This study identified the levels and potential risks of OCP residues in water and Oreochromis nil... more This study identified the levels and potential risks of OCP residues in water and Oreochromis niloticus tissues from Adjohoun, Dangbo and Aguégués of the Lower Delta of Ouémé River. The presence of seventeen OCP residues was detected using gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector. The concentration of pesticide residues ranged from below the limit of detection (BLD) to 16.48 μg/L for water samples and BLD to 334.78 μg/kg/ww for fish. Endosulfan sulphate was the predominant residue in all the samples analyzed, at the mean concentrations of 32.2 ± 27.04, 281.91 ± 55.22 and 49.33 ± 5.33 μg/kg/ww in gills, liver and muscle samples respectively. From the health risk analyses, ΣEndosulfan and ΣBHCs were above the Maximum Residual Limit recommended by Codex Alimentarius Commission. The estimated daily intake of all detected OCP residues in fish muscles exceeded the Permissible Tolerable Daily Intake and Acceptable Dietary Intake recommended by WHO/FAO, with exception of ΣEndosulfan. The assessment of the Target Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index indicated no health risk from the consumption of the fish flesh. Routine monitoring of pesticide residues is necessary for the prevention, control and reduction of OCP pollution, and minimizes health risks to humans.

Animal Research International, Sep 6, 2019

Animal Research International, 2024

The use of black soldier fly (BSF) technology is a good organic waste management technique that r... more The use of black soldier fly (BSF) technology is a good organic waste management technique that results in the production of valuable agricultural products. Waste management uses different technologies depending on the type of waste being handled. This study manages organic waste using BSF. The BSF larvae have a high ability to degrade organic waste, and after degrading the larvae are harvested for animal feed as a protein source. The quality of harvested BSF larvae depends on what they eat. In this study, biochar was blended with market wastes, and fed to BSF larvae to improve both the larvae's growth rate and the quality of the frass. Biochar absorbs moisture in the feed making the BSF larvae grow well in optimal moisture content. The results indicated that including 25% biochar in rearing BSF larvae improves their growth rate. The weight of the larvae obtained in each substrate on the harvested day were 0.25 ± 0.03 and 0.13 ± 0.01 g in BI and MW, respectively. The unconsumed feed (frass) from each substrate used to grow vegetables and the growth parameters recorded show that the plants grow better in BI than in frass from MW and BI. Plants grown in frass without biochar grow slowly. Therefore, for more productivity of BSF larvae biochar should be blended in the BSF feed. This also reduces the smell of the fermented BSF feed and improves the quality of the frass.

Animal Research International, 2024

This study sought to assess the possibility of genetically improving the performance of the Afric... more This study sought to assess the possibility of genetically improving the performance of the African catfish using triploidy techniques. The experiment was carried out using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with varied temperatures, time spent before shock after fertilisation, and durations of the shock for the triploid production experiment and
four treatments replicated thrice for the culture experiment. Fertilised eggs from each female parent stock were subjected to either cold or heat shock treatments. The result showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the hatching time and survival of the fertilized eggs subjected to different cold and heat shock treatments as compared to the control which recorded the shortest hatching time of 22.48 ± 0.00 hours. The temperature regime
of 2oC recorded the highest approximate yield of triploids (98.33 ± 1.66%), while the prolonged duration of the shock of 30 minutes at the temperature regime of 3oC significantly increased (p<0.05) triploid yield. Comparatively, triploids significantly gained more weight, had an increased growth rate, and grew longer than the diploid counterparts
with an average of 11.22 ± 1.07 g, 0.013 ± 0.001%, and 21.49 ± 0.47 cm respectively. The highest comparative cost of the diet of 1000 catfish juveniles occurred in triploids with a stocking density of 7 fishes/m2 (N14,132.50). However, the seed, feed, and variable costs consistently decreased with increasing stocking densities across the ploidies. It is
therefore concluded that the triploids were superior in both production attributes and cost benefits.

Animal Research International, 2024

A comparative study of local and exotic chicks' growth performance and feed utilization under an ... more A comparative study of local and exotic chicks' growth performance and feed utilization under an intensive rearing system was undertaken. A total of 32 chicks comprising 16 birds each of local and exotic breeds were studied. All birds were raised from day-old to eight weeks of age under identical housing, feeding, and management procedures during which growth and feed utilization parameters were measured. At the end of the study, the exotic breed had a significantly higher (p<0.05) mean weight than the local breed (Exotic 241.60 ± 51.33, Local 36.14 ± 9.08). Local breed had a significantly lower (p<0.05) mean feed intake (FI) (Local 168.65 ± 29.94, Exotic 665.00 ± 112.82) over the same period. The mean feed efficiency ratio (FER) of the exotic breed was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the local breed (Exotic 0.38 ± 0.05, local 0.20 ± 0.03). Furthermore, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean specific growth rate (SGR) and the mean feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the two breeds when compared weekly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the exotic breed was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the local breed throughout the experimental period. In conclusion, the exotic chickens had better growth rates than local chickens, as observed in their linear body measurements. The local chickens consume less feed when compared to exotic counterparts reared under the same conditions despite a significant improvement in the growth and feed utilization of local chickens.

Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2024

Identification of the phytochemical composition of plants is vital in new drug discovery and lead... more Identification of the phytochemical composition of plants is vital in new drug discovery and lead compound development for the management of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Lantana camara is an important medicinal essential oil-producing plant used in folklore medicine for the treatment of several diseases. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and profiled the biologically active principles present in L. camara leaf extracts collected from Orba, Enugu State of Nigeria. The profiling of L. camara leaves methanol and aqueous extracts was done using qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and GC-MS techniques. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the steroids, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides and phenolic contents of methanol and aqueous extracts. The phenolic content in methanol (1563.85±0.07 mg/100g) and aqueous (1425.23±0.36 mg/100g) were significantly higher than other phytochemicals tested in this study. There was significantly (p < 0.05) higher alkaloids (506.74±5.52 mg/100g), flavonoids (372.04±8.39 mg/100g) and tannins (1426.43±7.43 mg/100g) in the methanol compared with the aqueous extracts with 349.92±13.10 mg/100g, 231.99±6.16 mg/100g and 1351.62±20.6 mg/100g respectively. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 39 biologically important compounds which included bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 9,19-cyclolanostan-3-ol-11-one acetate, 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl), n-hexadecanoic acid, (Z)-7-hexadecenal, phytol acetate, phytol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and bicyclo [4.4.0] dec-2-ene-4-ol 2-methyl-9-(prop-1-en-3-ol-2-yl). The phytochemical analysis and the GC-MS profiling of the extracts of L. camara showed the presence of biologically important phytochemicals which could be responsible for the ethnomedicinal effects of L. camara.

African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 2024

A seventy-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the replacement value of corn cob meal as a d... more A seventy-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the replacement value of corn cob meal as a dietary replacement for corn meal in diets of Clarias gariepinus. The corn cob was treated with 2% NaOH. The treatment reduced the fibre and increased the protein contents of the corn cob. Six isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) diets were formulated and corn cob meal was included in the diets at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 100% inclusion levels designated as diets A, B, C, D, E, F, and G respectively, and diet H (commercial Coppens fish feed). The acceptability of the diets was studied using the time to strike the pellets and the acceptability index. The growth response and cost of diets were estimated. Results indicated that substituting corn meal with corn cob meal in diets fed to C. gariepinus juveniles increased the time taken by fish to strike dietary pellets. The higher the proportion of corn cob meal in the diet, the lower the acceptability of the diet to the fish. The least acceptable diet was diet G. The fish fed diet H recorded better weight gains and specific growth rate followed by the control diet and diet C respectively. There were significant differences between the control diets and the experimental diets (P < 0.05). The cost-benefit analysis showed that catfishes fed the control diets had a comparatively lower cost of diet per unit weight gain than the fish fed the corn cob-based diets. This was closely followed by diet C. This study demonstrated that corn cob meal can be successfully used to replace corn meal in the diets of Clarias gariepinus at inclusion levels of up to 30% but it is efficacious and cost-effective at a 20% inclusion level.

Acta Ecologica Sinica, Dec 1, 2021

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Jun 1, 2023

South Asian Journal of Parasitology, 2020

Aim: Malaria knowledge, practices, prevalence and parasitaemia among pregnant women in Ebonyi Sta... more Aim: Malaria knowledge, practices, prevalence and parasitaemia among pregnant women in Ebonyi State, Nigeria was assessed in this present study. Methodology: The study was carried out from April 2011 to March 2012 from two purposively selected hospitals in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Three hundred and sixty pregnant women were selected at random for this study. Venous blood samples were collected and Giemsa stained thin and thick blood films were used to determine malaria species and parasitaemia. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Original Research Article prevalence was observed among those with tertiary education 27(33.8%). The prevalence in relation to occupation showed that farmers had the highest prevalence 45(54.9%), followed by house wives 21(42.9%) and traders 49(40.2%). Students 8(25.0%) had the least prevalence. High parasitaemia was observed in all age groups. Moderate and severe prevalence was seen in (15-20 yrs) and (26-30 yrs) age groups. With regards to occupation, civil servants and artisans had light parasitaemia moderate and severe parasitaemia was seen among farmers and traders. In education, light parasitaemia was observed among women with no formal education while moderate and severe intensities were observed among women with primary education. Conclusion: From the findings of this study, malaria continues to exert significant public health problem among pregnant women in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. This was found to be due to poor knowledge of the cause, mode of transmission and prevention measures of malaria among these pregnant women. Pregnant women are therefore advised to attend antenatal care where malaria education should be carried out frequently which will help to reduce its morbidity and mortality.

Croatian Journal of Fisheries, Mar 31, 2014

Journal of fisheries and aquaculture, 2013

Animal Research International, Apr 17, 2008

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2013

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of Citrus sinensis peel oil on the ovipositi... more The present study was undertaken to study the effect of Citrus sinensis peel oil on the oviposition and development of Callosobruchus maculatus in some legume grains. Oviposition deterrency and F1 adult emergence were carried out with split plot design of six concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 ml) replicated four times on cowpea, bambara groundnut and pigeon pea against C. maculatus. The phytochemical study of C. sinensis peel oil revealed that s - pinene and limonene were the most active ingredients with percentage chemical contents of 9.3 and 70 respectively. The mean developmental periods of C. maculatus in the selected legumes showed significant differences while the percentage emergence of beetle was highest in cowpea (95%) followed by bambara groundnut (84%) and pigeon pea (68%). The sex ratio of emerged C. maculatus in the three legumes showed that more females than males were emerged, and emergence (%) was higher in cowpea than other legumes. The mean fecundity i...

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019

Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extract (HS) is often used as complementary therapy for hypertension.... more Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extract (HS) is often used as complementary therapy for hypertension. However, some studies have shown that coadministration with a conventional antihypertensive drug can affect drug potency. We compared the effects of HS plus captopril (CAP) coadministration to HS and CAP administration alone on blood pressure and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) biomarkers in the rat two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) model of hypertension. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n=6/group), a normal control (SHAM) group, and six 2K1C groups. In 2K1C animals, hypertension was induced using a stainless microclip (inner diameter of 0.20 mm). Four weeks after 2K1C surgery, blood pressure was significantly higher than in the SHAM group. Then, model rats were randomly divided into negative control (2K1C, no treatment), positive control (4.5 mg captopril/200 g body weight [BW] orally [p.o.]), HS alone (30 mg/200 g BW; p.o.), and 3 co-treatment gro...

Asian Journal of Research in Zoology

This study was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the effect of leaves extract of three bota... more This study was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the effect of leaves extract of three botanicals on the biochemical parameters of insect pest of stored beans, Callosobruchus maculatus. The results of the qualitative phytochemicals revealed the presence of different metabolites such as tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids etc. The toxic effect of methanolic leaves extracts of Lasianthera africana, Hippocratea africana and Uvaria chamae on the mortality and biochemical parameters after treatment against C. maculatus was evaluated. The result showed that treatment of the insects with these extracts significantly increased mortality in C. maculatus. There was a significant inhibition of the enzymatic activities of the digestive enzymes (such as amylase and invertase) in the treated larvae. The transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT) were found to be reduced in the insect after treatment (33.2 and 42.6) while the result of the phosphatase (AC...

This study was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the effect of leaves extract of three bota... more This study was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the effect of leaves extract of three botanicals on the biochemical parameters of insect pest of stored beans, Callosobruchus maculatus. The results of the qualitative phytochemicals revealed the presence of different metabolites such as tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids etc. The toxic effect of methanolic leaves extracts of Lasianthera africana, Hippocratea africana and Uvaria chamae on the mortality and biochemical parameters after treatment against C. maculatus was evaluated. The result showed that treatment of the insects with these extracts significantly increased mortality in C. maculatus. There was a significant inhibition of the enzymatic activities of the digestive enzymes (such as amylase and invertase) in the treated larvae. The transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT) were found to be reduced in the insect after treatment (33.2 and 42.6) while the result of the phosphatase (ACP and ALP) enzyme activity showed a potent inhibitory effect of the leaves extract, which was more pronounced in ALP (75.8%) than ACP (31.8%).

This study identified the levels and potential risks of OCP residues in water and Oreochromis nil... more This study identified the levels and potential risks of OCP residues in water and Oreochromis niloticus tissues from Adjohoun, Dangbo and Aguégués of the Lower Delta of Ouémé River. The presence of seventeen OCP residues was detected using gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector. The concentration of pesticide residues ranged from below the limit of detection (BLD) to 16.48 μg/L for water samples and BLD to 334.78 μg/kg/ww for fish. Endosulfan sulphate was the predominant residue in all the samples analyzed, at the mean concentrations of 32.2 ± 27.04, 281.91 ± 55.22 and 49.33 ± 5.33 μg/kg/ww in gills, liver and muscle samples respectively. From the health risk analyses, ΣEndosulfan and ΣBHCs were above the Maximum Residual Limit recommended by Codex Alimentarius Commission. The estimated daily intake of all detected OCP residues in fish muscles exceeded the Permissible Tolerable Daily Intake and Acceptable Dietary Intake recommended by WHO/FAO, with exception of ΣEndosulfan. The assessment of the Target Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index indicated no health risk from the consumption of the fish flesh. Routine monitoring of pesticide residues is necessary for the prevention, control and reduction of OCP pollution, and minimizes health risks to humans.

Animal Research International, Sep 6, 2019