Sogunle Mark | Federal University Of Agriculture Abeokuta (original) (raw)
Papers by Sogunle Mark
Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa, 2016
The effect of restricted feeding and realimentation during pregnancy was studied to know the carr... more The effect of restricted feeding and realimentation during pregnancy was studied to know the carryover effect on carcass characteristics and meat quality of rabbit litters.Young does fed ad libitum diets often show parturition problems (Dystokia and abnormal presentation) with the subsequent reduction of number of kits, linked to excessive fatness; thus this study aims to know whether feed restriction during pregnancy have effect on carcass characteristics and meat quality of rabbit litters. The carcass and meat quality of rabbit litters whose does were restricted during pregnancy were examined for a period of sixteen weeks. A total of one hundred and eight litters of mixed breeds and sexes from rabbit does that were restricted during pregnancy were used for this study. These rabbit does were exposed to three levels of quantitative feed restriction (0, 15 and 30%) at three different periods of gestation (15-19, 20-24 and 25-29 days). At weaning three rabbits were selected from each rabbit doe which was subdivided into 4 replicates of 3 rabbits each; thus making 9 treatments groups of 12 rabbits each. All rabbit litters from each treatments were fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period. Carcass characteristics and meat quality were evaluated at the end of sixteen weeks of age.The results obtained on main effect for carcass characteristics showed that significant (p 0.05). Results obtained on interaction shows that significant (p 0.05). Highest carcass (1294.16g) weight was obtained from growing rabbits from rabbit does on 30% restriction between 25-29 days of gestation. The result obtained on main effect and interaction on meat quality shows that all parameters measured were not significantly influenced by the treatment means (p>0.05). This result depicts that feeding levels during pregnancy did not have any effect on meat quality. In conclusion feed restriction during pregnancy resulted into higher carcass weight, dressing percentage at the end of the post weaning experiment. Feed restriction during pregnancy resulted in similar mean values for moisture, total cholesterol, pH and crude protein; thus feed restriction can be applied on pregnant does at 15% or 30% level between 20-24 days or 25-29 days of gestation as this level and period gave better carcass yield. Keywords : Growing Rabbits, restriction, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Caracteristiques des carcasses et qualite de la viande des lapereaux issus de lapines soumises a une restriction alimentaire pendant la gestation L’effet de la restriction alimentaire et de la realimentation pendant la gestation a ete etudie pour determiner ses repercussions sur les caracteristiques des carcasses et la qualite de la viande des lapereaux. Les jeunes lapines soumises a une alimentation ad libitum montrent souvent des problemes de parturition (dystocie et presentation anormale) avec une reduction subsequente du nombre de lapereaux liee resultant d’un exces de graisses. Cette etude cherche donc a savoir si la restriction alimentaire pendant la gestation a un effet sur la carcasse et la qualite de la viande des lapereaux. La carcasse et la qualite de la viande des lapereaux dont les meres ont ete soumises a une restriction alimentaire pendant la gestation ont ete examinees pendant une periode de seize semaines. Un total de cent huit lapereaux de races mixtes et des deux sexes, dont les meres avaient ete soumises a une restriction alimentaire pendant la gestation, a ete utilise pour cette etude. Ces lapines avaient ete exposees a trois niveaux de restriction alimentaire quantitative (0, 15 et 30%) a trois periodes de gestation differentes (15-19, 20-24 et 25-29 jours). Au sevrage, trois lapereaux ont ete selectionnes pour chaque lapine, et ont ete subdivises en 4 repetitions de 3 lapereaux chacune; constituant ainsi 9 groupes de traitements de 12 lapereaux chacun. Tous les lapereaux dans chaque traitement ont ete nourris ad libitum tout au long de la periode experimentale. Les caracteristiques des carcasses et la qualite de la viande ont ete evaluees a la fin des seize semaines d’âge. Les resultats obtenus a propos de l’effet principal sur les caracteristiques des carcasses ont montre des differences significatives (p 0,05). Les resultats obtenus lors de l’interaction montrent que des differences significatives (p 0,05). Le poids de carcasse le plus eleve (1294,16 g) a ete obtenu chez les lapereaux en croissance issus de lapines soumises a 30% de restriction entre 25-29 jours de gestation. Le resultat obtenu sur l’effet principal et l’interaction sur la qualite de la viande montre que tous les parametres mesures n’ont pas ete influences de facon significative par les moyens de traitement (p> 0,05). Ce resultat montre que les niveaux d’alimentation pendant la gestation n’ont eu aucun effet sur la qualite de la viande. En conclusion, la restriction alimentaire pendant la gestation a entraine une augmentation du poids de la carcasse, du rendement…
Tropical Animal Health and Production, Jan 30, 2023
Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa, 2014
In spite of availability of specially formulated feeds and other aids to intensive poultry produc... more In spite of availability of specially formulated feeds and other aids to intensive poultry production, the provision of appropriate housing remains the most basic requirement for successful poultry production. This study thereby determined the performance, carcass yield and meat composition of 300 sexed Arbor Acre broiler chickens reared on deep-litter and deep-litter with a run housing types. The birds were brooded for 2 weeks, differentiated into male and female by feather sexing and balanced for weight. Thereafter, 150 male and female chicks each were confined separately in deep litter and deep litter with a run. Weekly live weights and physiological parameters were taken. At the end of the study, 2 birds which were similar to the average weight of each replicate were selected for carcass analysis. Serum cholesterol and calcium were also determined at the end of the experiment. The data obtained were arranged in a 2×2 factorial experimental layout in a Completely Randomized Desig...
ABSTRACT 252 two-week old Marshall broiler chickens were used in a 4 x 3 factorial experiment to ... more ABSTRACT 252 two-week old Marshall broiler chickens were used in a 4 x 3 factorial experiment to determine the effects of feed restriction and ascorbic acid supplementation on serum biochemical composition. The birds were distributed after balancing for live weights into 12 treatments with 3 replicates of 7 birds each, subjected to four feed restriction levels: full feeding (AD), skip a day feeding (S1D), skip two days feeding (S2D) and skip three days feeding every week (S3D) for 24 hours from 15th to 35th day of age and three levels of ascorbic acid supplementation (0, 150, 300 mg/kg feed). Feed was provided ad libitum to all the birds from 36 to 56 days of age. Birds on S2D fed diets containing 300 mg/kg ascorbic acid had the highest (p<0.05) serum glucose, total protein and albumin during feed restriction. Serum glucose and cholesterol was lowest (p<0.05) in birds on S2D fed diets containing 300 mg/kg ascorbic acid during realimentation. Dietary ascorbic acid supplementation at 300 mg/kg elicited positive effects on the serum biochemical composition of Marshall broiler chickens on skip two days feeding every week.
British Poultry Science, 1999
1. The performance, nutrient utilisation, blood profile, carcase composition, gross pathology and... more 1. The performance, nutrient utilisation, blood profile, carcase composition, gross pathology and sensory evaluation of meat from broiler chicks fed from 3 to 42 d on diets containing urea ammoniated neem (Azadirachta indica, A.juss) kernel cake (NKC) as a protein supplement to replace peanut meal (PNM), were evaluated. NKC was ammoniated with urea at 15 (UANKC 1) or 25 g (UANKC 2)/kg and incorporated into the test diets to replace either half (134.5 g/kg (L-UANKC 1) and 127.5 g/kg (L-UANKC 2), respectively) or all (269, g/kg (H-UANKC 1) and 255.0 g/kg (H-UANKC 2), respectively) of the nitrogen provided by the PNM. 2. The growth, food intake and efficiency of nutrient utilisation of the birds were comparable between the reference and L-UANKC 1 and 2 diets but were depressed on the other UANKC diets. 3. The retention of dry matter (DM), crude fibre (CF), nitrogen-free extract, total carbohydrate, gross energy, acid detergent fibre, calcium and phosphorus were similar among groups, except lower DM and higher CF and phosphorus retentions were noted in chicks fed on the H-UANKC 1, H-UANKC 2 and L-UANKC 2 diets. All the chicks were in positive nitrogen balance and percentage nitrogen retention did not differ between the reference and test diets. 4. Haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count and aspartate amino transferase activity were unaffected by diet, but total leucocyte count was higher in chicks fed on the H-UANKC 1 and 2 diets and alanine amino transferase activities were lower in chicks fed on the test diets. Blood urea increased as the amount of urea in the diets increased. 5. Most of the physico-chemical carcase characteristics from birds fed on the L-UANKC 2 were comparable to those from birds fed on the reference diet. No bitter taste was noticed in cooked meat from any diet by the sensory panel. 6. Incorporation of L-UANKC 2 was economical and responses were comparable to those observed on the reference diet. 7. It was concluded that NKC detoxified with 25 g urea/kg can economically and successfully replace half the nitrogen of PNM in broiler diets thereby mitigating the chronic shortage of costly oil cakes in developing countries.
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, 2021
In the past, antibiotics have been used as feed additives to improve growth performance, egg prod... more In the past, antibiotics have been used as feed additives to improve growth performance, egg production and to protect animals from pathogenic micro-organisms. The ban on the use of synthetic antibiotics as growth-promoting substance led to increase in research on organic acids and phytobiotics that are prebiotic and probiotic in nature (Patterson and Burkholder, 2003). These organic acids should be able to influence animal health and improve productivity. In spite of these promising medicinal values of Adansonia digitata bark, its full economic potentials have not been fully explored particularly in poultry production. The Baobab fruit pulp shows interesting properties in the stimulation of the intestinal microflora growth. The hydrosoluble fraction of the fruit pulp has stimulating effects on the proliferation of bifido bacteria in in-vitro assays (Baobab Fruit Company, 2008). Soluble dietary fibres, as those contained in the pulp (about 25%), are known to have prebiotics effects ...
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2011
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding different levels of dried cassava l... more The study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding different levels of dried cassava leaves at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60%, respectively, using guinea grass as basal feed, on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. The study lasted for 116 days during which haematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored in 40 male goats before and after, using a completely randomized design. At the start of the experiment, packed cell volume (PCV) ranged from 21.5% to 25.5% while haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and RBC significantly (P<0.01) ranged from 7.3 to 8.6 g/dl and 10.4 to 13.2×10 12 /l, respectively. White blood cells reduced significantly (P<0.05)) from 16.4 to 11.7×10 9 /l) as dried cassava leaves increased in the diets. At the end of the trial, there was a slight increase in the values of PCV and Hb in the diets (P>0.05). Lymphocyte reduced significantly (P<0.05) from 50.0% to 63.5% in the diets. Neutrophils, however, increased (P>0.05) at the 0% to 40% levels and reduced at the 60% level of dried cassava leaves inclusion. At the start of the experiment, values for glucose significantly (P<0.05) ranged from 40.1 to 56.0 mg/dl. Total protein and albumin values ranged significantly (P<0.05) from 56.0 to 68.5 g/dl and 30.6 to 38.4 g/dl, respectively. At the end of the experiment, serum creatinine increased significantly (P<0.05) as the level of dried cassava leaves increased from 0% to 60% in the diets. The study revealed that inclusion of dried cassava leaves in the diets of West African Dwarf goats had no deleterious effects on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of WAD goats and could therefore be included in ruminant diets up to 60%.
Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2014
Several studies revealed inconsistencies in recommended feed particle size for optimal growth and... more Several studies revealed inconsistencies in recommended feed particle size for optimal growth and productive performance of rabbits. Information on the interaction effect of feed form and feed particle size on rabbit’s growth performance and gut morphology is thereby a growing concern. Hence, the growth response, carcass yield and intestinal villus morphology of thirty-six growing male rabbits of mixed breeds (Chinchilla × New Zealand White) weighing between 550-600g were determined using two feed forms (FF): pellets and crumbs of different particle sizes (PS): 1 and 2 mm. The rabbits were allotted on weight equalization basis to crumbs and pellets composed of 1 and 2 mm PS in a 2 × 2 factorial experimental layout and subjected to Completely Randomized Design. Nine (9) rabbits were assigned to each treatment made of three replicates of three rabbits each. The rabbits were maintained on concentrate diets ad libitum for 10 weeks. Two rabbits per replicate with representative mean live...
Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 2017
This study evaluated the external and internal traits of eggs from three indigenous poultry speci... more This study evaluated the external and internal traits of eggs from three indigenous poultry species (domestic chicken, duck and guinea fowl) at different storage durations. A total of 147 freshly laid eggs of domestic chicken, duck and guinea fowl were collected from reputable poultry farms. Seven fresh egg samples for each species were measured within 2 hours at day 0 of being laid. Each egg was weighed and broken, and the height of the albumen and egg yolk was measured. Forty-two eggs of each species were thereafter stored for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days at room condition (Average temp 26.6°C and Relative humidity 88%). Data obtained were arranged in a 3 × 7 factorial experimental layout in a completely randomized design. All external and internal parameters measured were significantly (p<0.05) influenced except egg width and egg shape index. Guinea fowl eggs had the highest Haugh unit compared to other species of birds investigated. The Haugh unit of duck egg was adversely a...
Slovak Journal of Animal Science, 2015
A total of forty eight Large White weaner male pigs of 8 weeks old with average initial weight of... more A total of forty eight Large White weaner male pigs of 8 weeks old with average initial weight of 9.67±0.26 were used in a 150-day trial to determine the effect of feed quantity offered (1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 kg) on performance, carcass yield and organ weights of growing pigs. Final weight, daily feed intake and daily weight gain increased (P <0.05) signifi cantly with increase in feed quantity offered. Feed conversion ratio, daily water intake and frequency of faecal excretion decreased signifi cantly (P <0.05) with increasing feed quantity offered. Carcass weight and dressing percentage were signifi cantly (P <0.05) infl uenced by feed quantity offered. The backfat depth increased signifi cantly (P <0.05) with increase in feed quantity offered. Pigs fed 2.5 kg feed daily had higher (P <0.05) head, ham and shoulder compared to the values recorded for pigs fed 1.5 kg feed daily. Liver weights of pigs fed 2.0 and 2.5 kg feed daily had comparably similar values which differed...
Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa, 2017
This study was conducted to determine the performance, carcass yield and duodenal villus morpholo... more This study was conducted to determine the performance, carcass yield and duodenal villus morphology of locally-adapted turkeys on feed forms (mash and pellet) of the same nutrient contents. A total of 120 day-old turkey poults were used for the experiment. The poults were brooded for 3 weeks using kerosene stove as source of heat. They were thereafter divided into two treatment groups of 60 poults each with 3 replicates of 20 birds per replicate. They were managed intensively on litter-covered floor for 8 weeks. Data on performance characteristics were collected and at the end of the experiment two birds of average weight for each replicate were selected and starved overnight to clear the guts and thereafter sacrificed for evaluation of the carcass yield. The duodenal villus morphology of a part of the small intestine was also determined. Data were subjected to studentized t-test at 5% level of significance. Poults on pelleted feed form had significantly (P<0.05) better feed conv...
This study determined meat quality characteristics of 300 sexed Arbor Acre broiler chickens reare... more This study determined meat quality characteristics of 300 sexed Arbor Acre broiler chickens reared on deep-litter and deep-litter with a run housing systems. After brooding for 2 weeks, a total of 75 male and female chicks, respectively were confined on deep litter and on deep litter with a run having three replications of 25 birds each. At the eighth week, two broiler chickens similar to the average weight from each replicate were slaughtered, dressed and the meat quality characteristics. The experiment was arranged in a 2×2 factorial layout and data obtained were subjected to completely randomized design. Female broiler chicken had higher percentage composition of dry matter while the male broiler chicken had higher percentage composition of fat and ash contents. In the sensory analysis, significant (p<0.05) differences were found on boiled and grilled meat. Male birds had higher bone (17.41%) while the female recorded highest breast (22.90%) for birds on deep-litter in the mea...
Archivos de Zootecnia, 2014
Grasa abdominal. Broilers Marshall. Coste/beneficio. Conversión alimenticia. 40 % durante seis se... more Grasa abdominal. Broilers Marshall. Coste/beneficio. Conversión alimenticia. 40 % durante seis semanas se consigue mejor transformacion de alimento, menor grasa abdominal, mayor cantidad de proteína, y mejor relacion coste beneficio.
Biological Trace Element Research, 2016
An 84-day feeding trial was conducted in growing turkeys to measure the bioavailability of Cu, Zn... more An 84-day feeding trial was conducted in growing turkeys to measure the bioavailability of Cu, Zn and Mn from a commercial mineral chelate and corresponding inorganic salts in composite feeds containing supplemental riboflavin (B2) and/or pyridoxine (B6). A total of 320, 28-day-old British United Turkeys (BUT) were assigned to eight dietary treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement comprising two trace mineral sources: chelated trace mineral blend (CTMB) and its corresponding inorganic trace minerals blend (ITMB) fed solely or with supplements of vitamin B2 (8 ppm) or B6 (7 ppm) or 8 ppm B2 + 7 ppm B6. Each treatment was replicated four times with 10 turkeys each. It was observed that turkeys fed with diets supplemented solely with ITMB elicited higher (P < 0.05) Zn excretion than their counterparts fed with diets containing ITMB with supplements of vitamins B2 and/or B6. Manganese retention was lower (P < 0.05) in turkeys fed with diets supplemented solely with ITMB than those fed with diets containing vitamins B2 and/or B6 additives. Combination of CTMB or ITMB with B6 improved (P < 0.05) the concentration of Mn in the liver and Cu in the bone. It was concluded that the minerals in CTMB were more available to the animals than ITMB. Furthermore, vitamins B2 and/or B6 supplementation improved the bioavailability of the inorganic Cu, Zn and Mn in growing turkeys and tended to reduce the concentration of these trace elements in birds' excreta.
Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 2015
The potential of using starch-albumen powder (SAP) as solid coating powder for fried food applica... more The potential of using starch-albumen powder (SAP) as solid coating powder for fried food application was studied. Egg albumen was mixed with 10-30% dried starch and dried at 40-60°C air velocity of 4.5 m/s to produce SAP. SAP was used to coat wet yam chips prior to frying at 180°C for 3 min. The drying temperature and starch content in SAP significantly affected the oil uptake and moisture of fried chips. The increased amount of albumen (or reduced starch) content significantly reduced oil uptake. The sensory attributes influenced the overall acceptability of the fried chips in the order of taste > flavor > texture > appearance. To minimize oil uptake and moisture content and maximize acceptability of the fried chips, SAP dried at temperature of 40°C with starch content of 11.3% should be used. The study further indicates the potential of using SAP as coating in some other food products.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding trough shapes on growth performance a... more This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding trough shapes on growth performance and agonistic behaviour of cockerels. A total of 240 eight weeks old Hacro black cockerels were used in the experiment which lasted for four weeks. The birds were divided into 3 treatments based on circular, rectangular and square-shaped feeding troughs of 80 birds per treatment and 20 birds per replicate of four in a Completely Randomized Design. Daily weight gains and the frequency of agonistic behaviour at both feeding and non-feeding periods were recorded. The final weight, weight gain and feed intake of the cockerels were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the feeding troughs with birds on square-shaped feeding trough recording the highest values. Feeding trough shapes had no effect on the mean agonistic behaviour during the feeding and non-feeding periods though the frequency of agonistic acts was more prominent during the feeding period. The study revealed that in terms of growth response and for reduced agonistic behaviour, the square-shaped feeding troughs could be adopted for cockerel production.
Tremendous progress has been recorded in pig nutrition in the last three decades. However, there ... more Tremendous progress has been recorded in pig nutrition in the last three decades. However, there is dearth of information with respect to the various methods of feed management practices in pig production. Hence, a 3×3×2 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed quantity offered (1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg), feeding frequency (one, two and three times per day) and feeding duration (3 and 5 months) on the growth performance of growing pigs. A total of forty-five eight-week weaner Large White male pigs were randomly assigned to three main treatments with each treatment consisting of three replicates of five pigs each. The experimental animals were housed in individual pens with concrete floor size of 2 m by 1 m equipped with feeding and watering troughs. Feeding was carried out at 07:00, 12:00 and 17:00 hours each day depending on the feeding frequency. Weekly data were collected on dry matter intake, change in body weight, water consumption rate, pulse rate, rectal t...
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2012
This study was carried out on 150 cockerel chickens each of Harco Black and Novogen strains to de... more This study was carried out on 150 cockerel chickens each of Harco Black and Novogen strains to determine their performance, carcass yield and meat composition on free range and deep litter production systems. The birds were brooded for 4 weeks and thereafter allotted to the different production systems for a period of 12 weeks. Each production system was allotted 150 chicks (75 chicks per strain) with three replicates of 25 chicks. The birds on deep litter production system were fed ad libitum while each bird on free range was fed 50 % of its daily feed requirement. On the 84th day, a total of 36 birds were randomly selected for analysis of the carcass yield and meat composition. The data generated were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance in a 2×2 factorial experimental arrangement. Novogen strain consumed less feed (P<0.05) on free range and had the best feed/gain (2.72). A higher (P < 0.05) shear force value (3.74 N) was obtained in the thigh muscle for birds on free range. The tibia proximal length and breadth, and tibia distal length and breadth were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the production systems and strains. On free range, Harco black had more meat (85.69 g) than bone (18.07 g) in the breast while Novogen had the lowest meat/bone (2.38). Conclusively, Novogen strain should be raised on free range for a better performance in terms of feed/gain, but for higher meat composition, Harco black is a better strain. Keywords Production system. Performance. Meat yield. Meat composition. Cockerel chicken Abbreviations SFRB Scavengeable feed resource base g/d Gramme per day g/b/d Gramme per bird per day ME Metabolizable energy % Percentage 'H' Families around the experimental site 'c' Percentage of household that keeps chicken 'p' Household waste found in the crop of the scanvengeable birds g Gramme kJ/kg Kilojoule per kilogramme O. M. Sogunle (*) : O.
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2012
Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of diets containing fermented and amino... more Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of diets containing fermented and amino acid (AA)-supplemented malted sorghum sprout (MSP) on performance, nutrient utilisation and feed cost analysis of growing pigs. In experiment 1 (digestibility trial), 12 pigs were individually housed in metabolic crates, equipped with feeding and watering troughs which also allow for separate collection of faeces and urine. Data collection lasted for 7 days during which feed intake and faecal output were weighed, with daily storage of collected faeces at −4°C. Four diets, a basal diet, basal plus malted sorghum sprout (B +MSP), basal plus fermented malted sorghum sprout (B+ FMSP) and basal plus amino acids plus malted sorghum sprout (B+AA+MSP), were tested. Samples of test ingredients, feed and faeces were analysed for their gross energy and proximate compositions. In experiment 2, 18 weaner pigs were used in a completely randomised design for 63 days to determine the performance and cost analysis of feeding malted sorghum sprout at 0, 100 and 200 g/kg in pig's diet, six pigs per diet with each pig representing a replicate. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain were determined. The prevailing cost of each feed ingredient was used to compute the feed cost and, subsequently, the feed cost analysis. Results of digestibility trial showed that there was no difference in the utilisation of the chemical constituents of B+MSP and B+AA+MSP diets, which were also similar to the basal diet, except the crude protein (CP) in amino acid-supplemented malted sorghum sprout diet, which was lower compared to the basal diet. B+FMSP was lower (P<0.05) in the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and CP compared to the basal diet. The digestible energy (DE) and the fraction of gross energy utilised as DE of each diet also were not affected by fermentation and supplementation with AA. In experiment 2, the levels of MSP used did not affect (P>0.05) the performance and feed cost indices measured. It was concluded that MSP can be used in growing pig's diet, without the need for fermentation and AA supplementation, at 200 g/kg level with no adverse effect on the nutritive value of the diet.
Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa, 2016
The effect of restricted feeding and realimentation during pregnancy was studied to know the carr... more The effect of restricted feeding and realimentation during pregnancy was studied to know the carryover effect on carcass characteristics and meat quality of rabbit litters.Young does fed ad libitum diets often show parturition problems (Dystokia and abnormal presentation) with the subsequent reduction of number of kits, linked to excessive fatness; thus this study aims to know whether feed restriction during pregnancy have effect on carcass characteristics and meat quality of rabbit litters. The carcass and meat quality of rabbit litters whose does were restricted during pregnancy were examined for a period of sixteen weeks. A total of one hundred and eight litters of mixed breeds and sexes from rabbit does that were restricted during pregnancy were used for this study. These rabbit does were exposed to three levels of quantitative feed restriction (0, 15 and 30%) at three different periods of gestation (15-19, 20-24 and 25-29 days). At weaning three rabbits were selected from each rabbit doe which was subdivided into 4 replicates of 3 rabbits each; thus making 9 treatments groups of 12 rabbits each. All rabbit litters from each treatments were fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period. Carcass characteristics and meat quality were evaluated at the end of sixteen weeks of age.The results obtained on main effect for carcass characteristics showed that significant (p 0.05). Results obtained on interaction shows that significant (p 0.05). Highest carcass (1294.16g) weight was obtained from growing rabbits from rabbit does on 30% restriction between 25-29 days of gestation. The result obtained on main effect and interaction on meat quality shows that all parameters measured were not significantly influenced by the treatment means (p>0.05). This result depicts that feeding levels during pregnancy did not have any effect on meat quality. In conclusion feed restriction during pregnancy resulted into higher carcass weight, dressing percentage at the end of the post weaning experiment. Feed restriction during pregnancy resulted in similar mean values for moisture, total cholesterol, pH and crude protein; thus feed restriction can be applied on pregnant does at 15% or 30% level between 20-24 days or 25-29 days of gestation as this level and period gave better carcass yield. Keywords : Growing Rabbits, restriction, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Caracteristiques des carcasses et qualite de la viande des lapereaux issus de lapines soumises a une restriction alimentaire pendant la gestation L’effet de la restriction alimentaire et de la realimentation pendant la gestation a ete etudie pour determiner ses repercussions sur les caracteristiques des carcasses et la qualite de la viande des lapereaux. Les jeunes lapines soumises a une alimentation ad libitum montrent souvent des problemes de parturition (dystocie et presentation anormale) avec une reduction subsequente du nombre de lapereaux liee resultant d’un exces de graisses. Cette etude cherche donc a savoir si la restriction alimentaire pendant la gestation a un effet sur la carcasse et la qualite de la viande des lapereaux. La carcasse et la qualite de la viande des lapereaux dont les meres ont ete soumises a une restriction alimentaire pendant la gestation ont ete examinees pendant une periode de seize semaines. Un total de cent huit lapereaux de races mixtes et des deux sexes, dont les meres avaient ete soumises a une restriction alimentaire pendant la gestation, a ete utilise pour cette etude. Ces lapines avaient ete exposees a trois niveaux de restriction alimentaire quantitative (0, 15 et 30%) a trois periodes de gestation differentes (15-19, 20-24 et 25-29 jours). Au sevrage, trois lapereaux ont ete selectionnes pour chaque lapine, et ont ete subdivises en 4 repetitions de 3 lapereaux chacune; constituant ainsi 9 groupes de traitements de 12 lapereaux chacun. Tous les lapereaux dans chaque traitement ont ete nourris ad libitum tout au long de la periode experimentale. Les caracteristiques des carcasses et la qualite de la viande ont ete evaluees a la fin des seize semaines d’âge. Les resultats obtenus a propos de l’effet principal sur les caracteristiques des carcasses ont montre des differences significatives (p 0,05). Les resultats obtenus lors de l’interaction montrent que des differences significatives (p 0,05). Le poids de carcasse le plus eleve (1294,16 g) a ete obtenu chez les lapereaux en croissance issus de lapines soumises a 30% de restriction entre 25-29 jours de gestation. Le resultat obtenu sur l’effet principal et l’interaction sur la qualite de la viande montre que tous les parametres mesures n’ont pas ete influences de facon significative par les moyens de traitement (p> 0,05). Ce resultat montre que les niveaux d’alimentation pendant la gestation n’ont eu aucun effet sur la qualite de la viande. En conclusion, la restriction alimentaire pendant la gestation a entraine une augmentation du poids de la carcasse, du rendement…
Tropical Animal Health and Production, Jan 30, 2023
Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa, 2014
In spite of availability of specially formulated feeds and other aids to intensive poultry produc... more In spite of availability of specially formulated feeds and other aids to intensive poultry production, the provision of appropriate housing remains the most basic requirement for successful poultry production. This study thereby determined the performance, carcass yield and meat composition of 300 sexed Arbor Acre broiler chickens reared on deep-litter and deep-litter with a run housing types. The birds were brooded for 2 weeks, differentiated into male and female by feather sexing and balanced for weight. Thereafter, 150 male and female chicks each were confined separately in deep litter and deep litter with a run. Weekly live weights and physiological parameters were taken. At the end of the study, 2 birds which were similar to the average weight of each replicate were selected for carcass analysis. Serum cholesterol and calcium were also determined at the end of the experiment. The data obtained were arranged in a 2×2 factorial experimental layout in a Completely Randomized Desig...
ABSTRACT 252 two-week old Marshall broiler chickens were used in a 4 x 3 factorial experiment to ... more ABSTRACT 252 two-week old Marshall broiler chickens were used in a 4 x 3 factorial experiment to determine the effects of feed restriction and ascorbic acid supplementation on serum biochemical composition. The birds were distributed after balancing for live weights into 12 treatments with 3 replicates of 7 birds each, subjected to four feed restriction levels: full feeding (AD), skip a day feeding (S1D), skip two days feeding (S2D) and skip three days feeding every week (S3D) for 24 hours from 15th to 35th day of age and three levels of ascorbic acid supplementation (0, 150, 300 mg/kg feed). Feed was provided ad libitum to all the birds from 36 to 56 days of age. Birds on S2D fed diets containing 300 mg/kg ascorbic acid had the highest (p<0.05) serum glucose, total protein and albumin during feed restriction. Serum glucose and cholesterol was lowest (p<0.05) in birds on S2D fed diets containing 300 mg/kg ascorbic acid during realimentation. Dietary ascorbic acid supplementation at 300 mg/kg elicited positive effects on the serum biochemical composition of Marshall broiler chickens on skip two days feeding every week.
British Poultry Science, 1999
1. The performance, nutrient utilisation, blood profile, carcase composition, gross pathology and... more 1. The performance, nutrient utilisation, blood profile, carcase composition, gross pathology and sensory evaluation of meat from broiler chicks fed from 3 to 42 d on diets containing urea ammoniated neem (Azadirachta indica, A.juss) kernel cake (NKC) as a protein supplement to replace peanut meal (PNM), were evaluated. NKC was ammoniated with urea at 15 (UANKC 1) or 25 g (UANKC 2)/kg and incorporated into the test diets to replace either half (134.5 g/kg (L-UANKC 1) and 127.5 g/kg (L-UANKC 2), respectively) or all (269, g/kg (H-UANKC 1) and 255.0 g/kg (H-UANKC 2), respectively) of the nitrogen provided by the PNM. 2. The growth, food intake and efficiency of nutrient utilisation of the birds were comparable between the reference and L-UANKC 1 and 2 diets but were depressed on the other UANKC diets. 3. The retention of dry matter (DM), crude fibre (CF), nitrogen-free extract, total carbohydrate, gross energy, acid detergent fibre, calcium and phosphorus were similar among groups, except lower DM and higher CF and phosphorus retentions were noted in chicks fed on the H-UANKC 1, H-UANKC 2 and L-UANKC 2 diets. All the chicks were in positive nitrogen balance and percentage nitrogen retention did not differ between the reference and test diets. 4. Haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count and aspartate amino transferase activity were unaffected by diet, but total leucocyte count was higher in chicks fed on the H-UANKC 1 and 2 diets and alanine amino transferase activities were lower in chicks fed on the test diets. Blood urea increased as the amount of urea in the diets increased. 5. Most of the physico-chemical carcase characteristics from birds fed on the L-UANKC 2 were comparable to those from birds fed on the reference diet. No bitter taste was noticed in cooked meat from any diet by the sensory panel. 6. Incorporation of L-UANKC 2 was economical and responses were comparable to those observed on the reference diet. 7. It was concluded that NKC detoxified with 25 g urea/kg can economically and successfully replace half the nitrogen of PNM in broiler diets thereby mitigating the chronic shortage of costly oil cakes in developing countries.
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, 2021
In the past, antibiotics have been used as feed additives to improve growth performance, egg prod... more In the past, antibiotics have been used as feed additives to improve growth performance, egg production and to protect animals from pathogenic micro-organisms. The ban on the use of synthetic antibiotics as growth-promoting substance led to increase in research on organic acids and phytobiotics that are prebiotic and probiotic in nature (Patterson and Burkholder, 2003). These organic acids should be able to influence animal health and improve productivity. In spite of these promising medicinal values of Adansonia digitata bark, its full economic potentials have not been fully explored particularly in poultry production. The Baobab fruit pulp shows interesting properties in the stimulation of the intestinal microflora growth. The hydrosoluble fraction of the fruit pulp has stimulating effects on the proliferation of bifido bacteria in in-vitro assays (Baobab Fruit Company, 2008). Soluble dietary fibres, as those contained in the pulp (about 25%), are known to have prebiotics effects ...
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2011
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding different levels of dried cassava l... more The study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding different levels of dried cassava leaves at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60%, respectively, using guinea grass as basal feed, on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. The study lasted for 116 days during which haematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored in 40 male goats before and after, using a completely randomized design. At the start of the experiment, packed cell volume (PCV) ranged from 21.5% to 25.5% while haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and RBC significantly (P<0.01) ranged from 7.3 to 8.6 g/dl and 10.4 to 13.2×10 12 /l, respectively. White blood cells reduced significantly (P<0.05)) from 16.4 to 11.7×10 9 /l) as dried cassava leaves increased in the diets. At the end of the trial, there was a slight increase in the values of PCV and Hb in the diets (P>0.05). Lymphocyte reduced significantly (P<0.05) from 50.0% to 63.5% in the diets. Neutrophils, however, increased (P>0.05) at the 0% to 40% levels and reduced at the 60% level of dried cassava leaves inclusion. At the start of the experiment, values for glucose significantly (P<0.05) ranged from 40.1 to 56.0 mg/dl. Total protein and albumin values ranged significantly (P<0.05) from 56.0 to 68.5 g/dl and 30.6 to 38.4 g/dl, respectively. At the end of the experiment, serum creatinine increased significantly (P<0.05) as the level of dried cassava leaves increased from 0% to 60% in the diets. The study revealed that inclusion of dried cassava leaves in the diets of West African Dwarf goats had no deleterious effects on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of WAD goats and could therefore be included in ruminant diets up to 60%.
Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2014
Several studies revealed inconsistencies in recommended feed particle size for optimal growth and... more Several studies revealed inconsistencies in recommended feed particle size for optimal growth and productive performance of rabbits. Information on the interaction effect of feed form and feed particle size on rabbit’s growth performance and gut morphology is thereby a growing concern. Hence, the growth response, carcass yield and intestinal villus morphology of thirty-six growing male rabbits of mixed breeds (Chinchilla × New Zealand White) weighing between 550-600g were determined using two feed forms (FF): pellets and crumbs of different particle sizes (PS): 1 and 2 mm. The rabbits were allotted on weight equalization basis to crumbs and pellets composed of 1 and 2 mm PS in a 2 × 2 factorial experimental layout and subjected to Completely Randomized Design. Nine (9) rabbits were assigned to each treatment made of three replicates of three rabbits each. The rabbits were maintained on concentrate diets ad libitum for 10 weeks. Two rabbits per replicate with representative mean live...
Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 2017
This study evaluated the external and internal traits of eggs from three indigenous poultry speci... more This study evaluated the external and internal traits of eggs from three indigenous poultry species (domestic chicken, duck and guinea fowl) at different storage durations. A total of 147 freshly laid eggs of domestic chicken, duck and guinea fowl were collected from reputable poultry farms. Seven fresh egg samples for each species were measured within 2 hours at day 0 of being laid. Each egg was weighed and broken, and the height of the albumen and egg yolk was measured. Forty-two eggs of each species were thereafter stored for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days at room condition (Average temp 26.6°C and Relative humidity 88%). Data obtained were arranged in a 3 × 7 factorial experimental layout in a completely randomized design. All external and internal parameters measured were significantly (p<0.05) influenced except egg width and egg shape index. Guinea fowl eggs had the highest Haugh unit compared to other species of birds investigated. The Haugh unit of duck egg was adversely a...
Slovak Journal of Animal Science, 2015
A total of forty eight Large White weaner male pigs of 8 weeks old with average initial weight of... more A total of forty eight Large White weaner male pigs of 8 weeks old with average initial weight of 9.67±0.26 were used in a 150-day trial to determine the effect of feed quantity offered (1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 kg) on performance, carcass yield and organ weights of growing pigs. Final weight, daily feed intake and daily weight gain increased (P <0.05) signifi cantly with increase in feed quantity offered. Feed conversion ratio, daily water intake and frequency of faecal excretion decreased signifi cantly (P <0.05) with increasing feed quantity offered. Carcass weight and dressing percentage were signifi cantly (P <0.05) infl uenced by feed quantity offered. The backfat depth increased signifi cantly (P <0.05) with increase in feed quantity offered. Pigs fed 2.5 kg feed daily had higher (P <0.05) head, ham and shoulder compared to the values recorded for pigs fed 1.5 kg feed daily. Liver weights of pigs fed 2.0 and 2.5 kg feed daily had comparably similar values which differed...
Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa, 2017
This study was conducted to determine the performance, carcass yield and duodenal villus morpholo... more This study was conducted to determine the performance, carcass yield and duodenal villus morphology of locally-adapted turkeys on feed forms (mash and pellet) of the same nutrient contents. A total of 120 day-old turkey poults were used for the experiment. The poults were brooded for 3 weeks using kerosene stove as source of heat. They were thereafter divided into two treatment groups of 60 poults each with 3 replicates of 20 birds per replicate. They were managed intensively on litter-covered floor for 8 weeks. Data on performance characteristics were collected and at the end of the experiment two birds of average weight for each replicate were selected and starved overnight to clear the guts and thereafter sacrificed for evaluation of the carcass yield. The duodenal villus morphology of a part of the small intestine was also determined. Data were subjected to studentized t-test at 5% level of significance. Poults on pelleted feed form had significantly (P<0.05) better feed conv...
This study determined meat quality characteristics of 300 sexed Arbor Acre broiler chickens reare... more This study determined meat quality characteristics of 300 sexed Arbor Acre broiler chickens reared on deep-litter and deep-litter with a run housing systems. After brooding for 2 weeks, a total of 75 male and female chicks, respectively were confined on deep litter and on deep litter with a run having three replications of 25 birds each. At the eighth week, two broiler chickens similar to the average weight from each replicate were slaughtered, dressed and the meat quality characteristics. The experiment was arranged in a 2×2 factorial layout and data obtained were subjected to completely randomized design. Female broiler chicken had higher percentage composition of dry matter while the male broiler chicken had higher percentage composition of fat and ash contents. In the sensory analysis, significant (p<0.05) differences were found on boiled and grilled meat. Male birds had higher bone (17.41%) while the female recorded highest breast (22.90%) for birds on deep-litter in the mea...
Archivos de Zootecnia, 2014
Grasa abdominal. Broilers Marshall. Coste/beneficio. Conversión alimenticia. 40 % durante seis se... more Grasa abdominal. Broilers Marshall. Coste/beneficio. Conversión alimenticia. 40 % durante seis semanas se consigue mejor transformacion de alimento, menor grasa abdominal, mayor cantidad de proteína, y mejor relacion coste beneficio.
Biological Trace Element Research, 2016
An 84-day feeding trial was conducted in growing turkeys to measure the bioavailability of Cu, Zn... more An 84-day feeding trial was conducted in growing turkeys to measure the bioavailability of Cu, Zn and Mn from a commercial mineral chelate and corresponding inorganic salts in composite feeds containing supplemental riboflavin (B2) and/or pyridoxine (B6). A total of 320, 28-day-old British United Turkeys (BUT) were assigned to eight dietary treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement comprising two trace mineral sources: chelated trace mineral blend (CTMB) and its corresponding inorganic trace minerals blend (ITMB) fed solely or with supplements of vitamin B2 (8 ppm) or B6 (7 ppm) or 8 ppm B2 + 7 ppm B6. Each treatment was replicated four times with 10 turkeys each. It was observed that turkeys fed with diets supplemented solely with ITMB elicited higher (P < 0.05) Zn excretion than their counterparts fed with diets containing ITMB with supplements of vitamins B2 and/or B6. Manganese retention was lower (P < 0.05) in turkeys fed with diets supplemented solely with ITMB than those fed with diets containing vitamins B2 and/or B6 additives. Combination of CTMB or ITMB with B6 improved (P < 0.05) the concentration of Mn in the liver and Cu in the bone. It was concluded that the minerals in CTMB were more available to the animals than ITMB. Furthermore, vitamins B2 and/or B6 supplementation improved the bioavailability of the inorganic Cu, Zn and Mn in growing turkeys and tended to reduce the concentration of these trace elements in birds' excreta.
Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 2015
The potential of using starch-albumen powder (SAP) as solid coating powder for fried food applica... more The potential of using starch-albumen powder (SAP) as solid coating powder for fried food application was studied. Egg albumen was mixed with 10-30% dried starch and dried at 40-60°C air velocity of 4.5 m/s to produce SAP. SAP was used to coat wet yam chips prior to frying at 180°C for 3 min. The drying temperature and starch content in SAP significantly affected the oil uptake and moisture of fried chips. The increased amount of albumen (or reduced starch) content significantly reduced oil uptake. The sensory attributes influenced the overall acceptability of the fried chips in the order of taste > flavor > texture > appearance. To minimize oil uptake and moisture content and maximize acceptability of the fried chips, SAP dried at temperature of 40°C with starch content of 11.3% should be used. The study further indicates the potential of using SAP as coating in some other food products.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding trough shapes on growth performance a... more This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding trough shapes on growth performance and agonistic behaviour of cockerels. A total of 240 eight weeks old Hacro black cockerels were used in the experiment which lasted for four weeks. The birds were divided into 3 treatments based on circular, rectangular and square-shaped feeding troughs of 80 birds per treatment and 20 birds per replicate of four in a Completely Randomized Design. Daily weight gains and the frequency of agonistic behaviour at both feeding and non-feeding periods were recorded. The final weight, weight gain and feed intake of the cockerels were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the feeding troughs with birds on square-shaped feeding trough recording the highest values. Feeding trough shapes had no effect on the mean agonistic behaviour during the feeding and non-feeding periods though the frequency of agonistic acts was more prominent during the feeding period. The study revealed that in terms of growth response and for reduced agonistic behaviour, the square-shaped feeding troughs could be adopted for cockerel production.
Tremendous progress has been recorded in pig nutrition in the last three decades. However, there ... more Tremendous progress has been recorded in pig nutrition in the last three decades. However, there is dearth of information with respect to the various methods of feed management practices in pig production. Hence, a 3×3×2 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed quantity offered (1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg), feeding frequency (one, two and three times per day) and feeding duration (3 and 5 months) on the growth performance of growing pigs. A total of forty-five eight-week weaner Large White male pigs were randomly assigned to three main treatments with each treatment consisting of three replicates of five pigs each. The experimental animals were housed in individual pens with concrete floor size of 2 m by 1 m equipped with feeding and watering troughs. Feeding was carried out at 07:00, 12:00 and 17:00 hours each day depending on the feeding frequency. Weekly data were collected on dry matter intake, change in body weight, water consumption rate, pulse rate, rectal t...
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2012
This study was carried out on 150 cockerel chickens each of Harco Black and Novogen strains to de... more This study was carried out on 150 cockerel chickens each of Harco Black and Novogen strains to determine their performance, carcass yield and meat composition on free range and deep litter production systems. The birds were brooded for 4 weeks and thereafter allotted to the different production systems for a period of 12 weeks. Each production system was allotted 150 chicks (75 chicks per strain) with three replicates of 25 chicks. The birds on deep litter production system were fed ad libitum while each bird on free range was fed 50 % of its daily feed requirement. On the 84th day, a total of 36 birds were randomly selected for analysis of the carcass yield and meat composition. The data generated were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance in a 2×2 factorial experimental arrangement. Novogen strain consumed less feed (P<0.05) on free range and had the best feed/gain (2.72). A higher (P < 0.05) shear force value (3.74 N) was obtained in the thigh muscle for birds on free range. The tibia proximal length and breadth, and tibia distal length and breadth were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the production systems and strains. On free range, Harco black had more meat (85.69 g) than bone (18.07 g) in the breast while Novogen had the lowest meat/bone (2.38). Conclusively, Novogen strain should be raised on free range for a better performance in terms of feed/gain, but for higher meat composition, Harco black is a better strain. Keywords Production system. Performance. Meat yield. Meat composition. Cockerel chicken Abbreviations SFRB Scavengeable feed resource base g/d Gramme per day g/b/d Gramme per bird per day ME Metabolizable energy % Percentage 'H' Families around the experimental site 'c' Percentage of household that keeps chicken 'p' Household waste found in the crop of the scanvengeable birds g Gramme kJ/kg Kilojoule per kilogramme O. M. Sogunle (*) : O.
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2012
Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of diets containing fermented and amino... more Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of diets containing fermented and amino acid (AA)-supplemented malted sorghum sprout (MSP) on performance, nutrient utilisation and feed cost analysis of growing pigs. In experiment 1 (digestibility trial), 12 pigs were individually housed in metabolic crates, equipped with feeding and watering troughs which also allow for separate collection of faeces and urine. Data collection lasted for 7 days during which feed intake and faecal output were weighed, with daily storage of collected faeces at −4°C. Four diets, a basal diet, basal plus malted sorghum sprout (B +MSP), basal plus fermented malted sorghum sprout (B+ FMSP) and basal plus amino acids plus malted sorghum sprout (B+AA+MSP), were tested. Samples of test ingredients, feed and faeces were analysed for their gross energy and proximate compositions. In experiment 2, 18 weaner pigs were used in a completely randomised design for 63 days to determine the performance and cost analysis of feeding malted sorghum sprout at 0, 100 and 200 g/kg in pig's diet, six pigs per diet with each pig representing a replicate. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain were determined. The prevailing cost of each feed ingredient was used to compute the feed cost and, subsequently, the feed cost analysis. Results of digestibility trial showed that there was no difference in the utilisation of the chemical constituents of B+MSP and B+AA+MSP diets, which were also similar to the basal diet, except the crude protein (CP) in amino acid-supplemented malted sorghum sprout diet, which was lower compared to the basal diet. B+FMSP was lower (P<0.05) in the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and CP compared to the basal diet. The digestible energy (DE) and the fraction of gross energy utilised as DE of each diet also were not affected by fermentation and supplementation with AA. In experiment 2, the levels of MSP used did not affect (P>0.05) the performance and feed cost indices measured. It was concluded that MSP can be used in growing pig's diet, without the need for fermentation and AA supplementation, at 200 g/kg level with no adverse effect on the nutritive value of the diet.