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Nitriding is a thermo-chemical process by which the surface of a ferrous metal is enriched with n... more Nitriding is a thermo-chemical process by which the surface of a ferrous metal is enriched with nitrogen to improve the wear resistance along with anti galling properties, high surface hardness, improved fatigue resistance, better creep resistance and enhanced corrosion resistance of the components. The Nitriding technology shows a clear orientation towards future developments. Hence, it ideally satisfies current and future industrial demands for economical and efficient solutions to the treatment of surfaces. It is also an answer to social demands for improved environmental protection. So that, it has act as a major role in manufacturing of automotives, railways, aircraft and aerospace components such as engine assembly parts, tappets, valves, bearings, shafts, Piston Pins, Spacers, rods, Screws, Washers, Nuts propeller control and power control Systems, etc., In the present, we are interested to study the mechanical and metallurgical behaviours of nitrided aircraft shaft, which is newly designed by the theoretical modeling of Solid Works Simulation Xpress Study and the same practically developed by using of Plain Carbon Steel i.e. AMS 5069 /AISI 1018 and also we would like to enhance their Mechanical Properties with help of Nitrding. After Nitriding, the qualitative analysis was done by Rockwell Hardness Testing, Microstructure Examinations, Case depth and Compound Zone Determinations, etc., The obtained results are compared and conclude whether the chosen material is suitable for producing the Aircraft Shaft by the way of economy.

The Plasma (Ion) Nitriding technology shows a clear orientation towards future developments. Henc... more The Plasma (Ion) Nitriding technology shows a clear orientation towards future developments. Hence, it ideally satisfies current and future industrial demands for economical and efficient solutions to the treatment of surfaces. It is also an answer to social demands for improved environmental protection. This technology uses Plasma as a gaseous charged particles (electrons, ions etc.,) as well as electrically neutral atoms and molecules the plasma envelopes the work pieces to be treated, which are set up, electrically insulated in a vacuum vessel. The electrically activated plasma and the influence of pressure and temperature now induce a thermo-chemically controlled change on the surface of the work pieces. The pulse plasma technique can be applied to the hardening, coating or etching of surfaces. The process is precisely controlled and easily adapted to many fields of application by using different gases and elements. Precision control is guaranteed by plasma activation in pulse - like intervals. The destructive effects of electric arcs to the treated surfaces are reliably avoided. The distinctive features of this technique are its highly efficient use of energy and gas as well as the omission of chemical baths, substances and waste products. In the present study, we attempt to develop a novel correlation between the micro-structural features of the sample materials with their macro level Physico-Mechanical properties. i.e., we are interested to study the physico mechanical behaviors of EN 19 Steel at Liquid, Gas and Plasma Nitriding process. After Nitriding, the qualitative results are compared and conclude, which is the successive process for EN 19 steel, in timely as well as economically and also we interested to study the physico-mechanical characteristics of this EN19 steel.

A great number of procedures have been developed and today a wide assortment of special analytica... more A great number of procedures have been developed and today a wide assortment of special analytical equipment for the analysis of chemical compositions of metal and alloys, including those widely spread and industrially produced, exists [1]. However, new analytical tasks for the control of steel products, or for individual parts made from them, constantly appear, and it is sometimes difficult to choose the appropriate method and device for the analysis. Very often complications appear when it is necessary to test a finished product, which must be left in for further use. The analysis must then be performed, or the sample taken, in such a way that the object does not loose its technical assignment or demand future restoration or repair. In addition, the more important and the more expensive the object, the less damage there must be and, at the same time, the more accurate the analysis must be. As a rule, these two conditions contradict each other. The list of objects requiring strict control of their composition is long: boilers, which operate under high pressure, and supplementary equipment; tanks for keeping fuel, lubricants and flammable materials; load-lifting or transportation mechanisms, cranes, and so on [2]. These problems are accelerated to the researchers of Metal chemist and got solutions i.e. Identification of Positive Materials by XRF Techniques of Non Destructive Test and Evaluations (NDE). Often, famously it has called Positive Material Identifications (PMI). It is known that non-destructive control of the composition can be conducted by X-ray analysis and portable compact analyzers have been created for performing analyses under field conditions. Based purely on physical features, X-ray fluorescence analysis is realized in high-quality laboratories. In this present study, we would like to develop a procedure for analyzing some selective industrially used steel products using XRF Spectra i.e. PMI and the same comparatively analyzing by Optical Emission Spectrometer (OES) and Wet Chemistry and also verify the obtained results to prove the best one for NDE.

On a human time-scale, small usages of concrete go back for thousands of years. Structures made o... more On a human time-scale, small usages of concrete go back for thousands of years. Structures made of concrete can have a long service life. Concrete is the most widely manufactured and durable construction material. Use of concrete produces a wide range of environmental and social consequences. Some are harmful, some welcome, and some both, depending on circumstances but the evaluation of concrete properties is of great interest, whether to detect altered areas or to control the concrete quality and estimate its compressive strength i.e. Physico Mechanical Properties. The standard methods used to assess the quality of concrete in concrete structures on specimens cannot be considered. The disadvantage of destructive technique is that results are not immediately known, the number of specimens or samples is insufficient for an economic reason, still does not reflect the reality of the structure. One of the principal objectives of the development of Non Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques is a reliable assessment of defects of concrete members even when they are accessible only from a single surface. The Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and Rebound Hammer (RH) tests are often used for assessing the quality of concrete and estimation of its compressive strength. Several parameters influence this property of concrete as the type and size of aggregates, cement content, the implementation of concrete, etc. The main advantage of Ultrasonic Pulse velocity method is to avoid the concrete damage on the performance of building structural components. Additionally, their usage is simple and quick and the test results are available on site and also the cores cannot be drilled. So that, In this present study, we would like to investigate the Physico-Mechanical Properties of the chosen five numbers of Concrete Specimens namely, C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 i.e. Aggregates replaced by broken bricks, Waste ceramic tiles, Addition of Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) 400, Aggregates Partially replaced by Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) with Quarry dust and Addition of Sisal fibres, respectively by using the NDT Techniques of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and Rebound Hammering (RH). We also interested to correlates the Macro level futures of these chosen Concretes to their micro properties and conclude which is the best replacer of partial aggregates to made eco friendly and quality as well as economically suitable concrete Mixture for general purpose building constructions.

Nitriding is a thermo-chemical process by which the surface of a ferrous metal is enriched with n... more Nitriding is a thermo-chemical process by which the surface of a ferrous metal is enriched with nitrogen to improve the wear resistance along with anti galling properties, high surface hardness, improved fatigue resistance, better creep resistance and enhanced corrosion resistance of the components. The Nitriding technology shows a clear orientation towards future developments. Hence, it ideally satisfies current and future industrial demands for economical and efficient solutions to the treatment of surfaces. It is also an answer to social demands for improved environmental protection. So that, it has act as a major role in manufacturing of automotives, railways, aircraft and aerospace components such as engine assembly parts, tappets, valves, bearings, shafts, Piston Pins, Spacers, rods, Screws, Washers, Nuts propeller control and power control Systems, etc., In the present, we are interested to study the mechanical and metallurgical behaviours of nitrided aircraft shaft, which is newly designed by the theoretical modeling of Solid Works Simulation Xpress Study and the same practically developed by using of Plain Carbon Steel i.e. AMS 5069 /AISI 1018 and also we would like to enhance their Mechanical Properties with help of Nitrding. After Nitriding, the qualitative analysis was done by Rockwell Hardness Testing, Microstructure Examinations, Case depth and Compound Zone Determinations, etc., The obtained results are compared and conclude whether the chosen material is suitable for producing the Aircraft Shaft by the way of economy.

The Plasma (Ion) Nitriding technology shows a clear orientation towards future developments. Henc... more The Plasma (Ion) Nitriding technology shows a clear orientation towards future developments. Hence, it ideally satisfies current and future industrial demands for economical and efficient solutions to the treatment of surfaces. It is also an answer to social demands for improved environmental protection. This technology uses Plasma as a gaseous charged particles (electrons, ions etc.,) as well as electrically neutral atoms and molecules the plasma envelopes the work pieces to be treated, which are set up, electrically insulated in a vacuum vessel. The electrically activated plasma and the influence of pressure and temperature now induce a thermo-chemically controlled change on the surface of the work pieces. The pulse plasma technique can be applied to the hardening, coating or etching of surfaces. The process is precisely controlled and easily adapted to many fields of application by using different gases and elements. Precision control is guaranteed by plasma activation in pulse - like intervals. The destructive effects of electric arcs to the treated surfaces are reliably avoided. The distinctive features of this technique are its highly efficient use of energy and gas as well as the omission of chemical baths, substances and waste products. In the present study, we attempt to develop a novel correlation between the micro-structural features of the sample materials with their macro level Physico-Mechanical properties. i.e., we are interested to study the physico mechanical behaviors of EN 19 Steel at Liquid, Gas and Plasma Nitriding process. After Nitriding, the qualitative results are compared and conclude, which is the successive process for EN 19 steel, in timely as well as economically and also we interested to study the physico-mechanical characteristics of this EN19 steel.

A great number of procedures have been developed and today a wide assortment of special analytica... more A great number of procedures have been developed and today a wide assortment of special analytical equipment for the analysis of chemical compositions of metal and alloys, including those widely spread and industrially produced, exists [1]. However, new analytical tasks for the control of steel products, or for individual parts made from them, constantly appear, and it is sometimes difficult to choose the appropriate method and device for the analysis. Very often complications appear when it is necessary to test a finished product, which must be left in for further use. The analysis must then be performed, or the sample taken, in such a way that the object does not loose its technical assignment or demand future restoration or repair. In addition, the more important and the more expensive the object, the less damage there must be and, at the same time, the more accurate the analysis must be. As a rule, these two conditions contradict each other. The list of objects requiring strict control of their composition is long: boilers, which operate under high pressure, and supplementary equipment; tanks for keeping fuel, lubricants and flammable materials; load-lifting or transportation mechanisms, cranes, and so on [2]. These problems are accelerated to the researchers of Metal chemist and got solutions i.e. Identification of Positive Materials by XRF Techniques of Non Destructive Test and Evaluations (NDE). Often, famously it has called Positive Material Identifications (PMI). It is known that non-destructive control of the composition can be conducted by X-ray analysis and portable compact analyzers have been created for performing analyses under field conditions. Based purely on physical features, X-ray fluorescence analysis is realized in high-quality laboratories. In this present study, we would like to develop a procedure for analyzing some selective industrially used steel products using XRF Spectra i.e. PMI and the same comparatively analyzing by Optical Emission Spectrometer (OES) and Wet Chemistry and also verify the obtained results to prove the best one for NDE.

On a human time-scale, small usages of concrete go back for thousands of years. Structures made o... more On a human time-scale, small usages of concrete go back for thousands of years. Structures made of concrete can have a long service life. Concrete is the most widely manufactured and durable construction material. Use of concrete produces a wide range of environmental and social consequences. Some are harmful, some welcome, and some both, depending on circumstances but the evaluation of concrete properties is of great interest, whether to detect altered areas or to control the concrete quality and estimate its compressive strength i.e. Physico Mechanical Properties. The standard methods used to assess the quality of concrete in concrete structures on specimens cannot be considered. The disadvantage of destructive technique is that results are not immediately known, the number of specimens or samples is insufficient for an economic reason, still does not reflect the reality of the structure. One of the principal objectives of the development of Non Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques is a reliable assessment of defects of concrete members even when they are accessible only from a single surface. The Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and Rebound Hammer (RH) tests are often used for assessing the quality of concrete and estimation of its compressive strength. Several parameters influence this property of concrete as the type and size of aggregates, cement content, the implementation of concrete, etc. The main advantage of Ultrasonic Pulse velocity method is to avoid the concrete damage on the performance of building structural components. Additionally, their usage is simple and quick and the test results are available on site and also the cores cannot be drilled. So that, In this present study, we would like to investigate the Physico-Mechanical Properties of the chosen five numbers of Concrete Specimens namely, C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 i.e. Aggregates replaced by broken bricks, Waste ceramic tiles, Addition of Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) 400, Aggregates Partially replaced by Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) with Quarry dust and Addition of Sisal fibres, respectively by using the NDT Techniques of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and Rebound Hammering (RH). We also interested to correlates the Macro level futures of these chosen Concretes to their micro properties and conclude which is the best replacer of partial aggregates to made eco friendly and quality as well as economically suitable concrete Mixture for general purpose building constructions.