Sohee Minsun Kim | United Nations University (original) (raw)
Papers by Sohee Minsun Kim
International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning
Rapid urbanization, deforestation and disaster management system exacerbated the risk of flooding... more Rapid urbanization, deforestation and disaster management system exacerbated the risk of flooding in Thailand. In 2011, Thailand had learned the lessons from its experience of the mega flood disaster that point to the requirement of better solutions to reduce damage to property and human life. This article presents the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Flood Management Framework (SEAFMF) in the existing flood management plan. This study aims to investigate how SEA can be integrated into Thailand’s flood management plan using an appropriate flood management framework. The methodology includes content analysis of qualitative and quantitative data based on a review of existing research, interviews with relevant organizations, and focus group discussions. The results show that the strategic environmental assessment approach can be used in decision making regarding the adaptation framework. As the pilot case, is a partially integrated model, more effective SEA should be comple...
Gender, Work & Organization
Sustainability
Thailand is projected to become a “super-aged” society in 2050, with more than 35 percent of the ... more Thailand is projected to become a “super-aged” society in 2050, with more than 35 percent of the population aged 60 or above. The aging population represents enormous challenges in supporting the elderly’s needs in terms of living environment and well-being. Providing community facilities and services that foster healthy aging in urban residential areas ensures that older adults feel comfortable aging in their homes or communities. Therefore, this research study includes a comprehensive assessment of the needs of elderly people that used community facilities and services using a focus group interview, a site investigation, and a questionnaire survey in five urban housing projects in Bangkok. The study reveals that the need for community facilities and services, such as green spaces, safety facilities, and medical services, was prioritized by the majority of elderly respondents, especially those who were ambulant and active. Elderly people’s income and health status, the provision of...
Sustainable Cities and Society
Highlights Functions and services of public open spaces are major utilization factors for publi... more Highlights Functions and services of public open spaces are major utilization factors for public. Underutilization of public open spaces by public creates the decreased attention by stakeholders. Multi-stakeholder collaboration and their investment are the key to improvement of public open spaces. Multiple benefits are the major incentive for multi-stakeholder investment.
Sustainability
Mainstreaming flood risk reduction into spatial planning (MFRRSP) recognizes the urgent need for ... more Mainstreaming flood risk reduction into spatial planning (MFRRSP) recognizes the urgent need for sustainable human settlement planning. Despite official recognition of MFRRSP in Thailand, repetitive damage from floods demonstrates gaps in concept and implementation. This paper examines the transition and challenges of flood risk reduction (FRR) practices in the spatial planning (SP) of the Bangkok and Sing Buri provinces of Thailand. Content analysis through computer-aided qualitative data analysis software (CAQDS) and in-depth interviews provide the evidence for the study. Twenty-two codes under seven assessments were extracted from the MFRRSP guidelines of international organizations. It was found that FRR was more mainstream in Thailand’s SP. The code in the next Sing Buri and Bangkok Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) was mentioned in 202.06% and 112.70% of the existing CLUP. The assessment area that deserves more attention is FRR preparedness and stakeholder participation, whic...
International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 2021
Purpose The research aims to establish importance scheme of geospatial factors for land valuation... more Purpose The research aims to establish importance scheme of geospatial factors for land valuation activities that may serve as an eye-opener and aid the concerned government agencies in drafting land valuation policies and guidelines to achieve a sound land governance and administration. It specifically identifies and weighs geospatial valuation factors to establish their importance. Design/methodology/approach The research involves discussions and survey questionnaires given to land experts (i.e. appraisers, environmental planners, land economist, geodetic engineers and assessors) who indicated their opinions on influence of geospatial factors on land value. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is then used to weigh the factors in terms of its importance. Findings The result was then compared with the multiple regression analysis (MRA) taking into consideration the standardized regression coefficient of the 15 factors. The AHP method found out the major road accessibility and slope...
Highlights strongly in national agendas: China's The National New-type of Urbanization (2014-2020... more Highlights strongly in national agendas: China's The National New-type of Urbanization (2014-2020), India's Smart City Initiative, and others are putting urban areas at the heart of many national development agendas. Climate change is one of the key considerations for all these plans. Thousands of cities are developing climate actions in various forms and hundreds have explicit and well-defined climate change action plans. Others are ambitiously pledging, developing response plans, and implementing actions with support from research, policy, and practitioner communities. The IPCC's 5th Assessment Report has shown that incremental changes in urban environments will not be enough to offset dangerous temperature rises and knowledge gaps for transformative change in cities remain a challenge. Implementing effective mitigation and adaptation strategies is critical if cities are to reduce climate change impacts, which includes ensuring that urban development is climate compatible. With the world's urban population expected to double from 3.48 billion in 2014 to 6.3 billion in 2050, cities are the major contributors to the emissions causing climate change. Despite covering less than 2% of the earth's surface, cities consume over two-thirds of the world's energy and produce between 71-76% of global energy related CO2 emissions and more than 60% of total greenhouse gas emissions combining energy generation, vehicles, industry, and biomass use (Seto et al., 2014). Cities are trying to address climate change mitigation and adaptation by quantifying emissions, setting greenhouse gas reduction targets, and developing vulnerability and risk assessments and adaptation plans. As understanding of climate risks became robust and extreme events associated with climate change become frequent, adaptation has become a core element of sustainable development. As part of this focus on the role of cities in responding to climate change it became clear that new urban development models and pathways are required, which can be described as 'climate compatible development'. This approach to urban development integrates climate threats and opportunities focusing on both climate mitigation directly and indirectly, while building climate resilient cities simultaneously. Climate compatible development as defined by Mitchell and Maxwell (2010), is a 'triple-win' strategy aiming to achieve low carbon emissions, build resilience, and promote development simultaneously.
: The concept of ‘urban-rural linkage or continuum’ has been developed as a mechanism to better v... more : The concept of ‘urban-rural linkage or continuum’ has been developed as a mechanism to better view and understand the inherent differences between the two terms in the field of planning and regional development. Examining consensus between the conceptual approaches in the literature and actual transforming process in some of the most dynamic and least regulated cities in the world – Mumbai metropolitan region, this paper tries to describe the increasing significance of urban-rural linkages in the livelihoods of rural residents, including spatial and occupational transformations and their interdependence on surrounding urban centers and towns. The results of the network analysis suggested the role of small and intermediate urban centers in facilitating exchange between the rural villages and towns by offering employments and markets both for farming and non-farming sectors. This also indicates that urban-rural linkages can be strengthened by the local or regional authorities which ...
Sustainability, 2021
Lack of understanding of the ways local subpopulations perceive various changes associated with r... more Lack of understanding of the ways local subpopulations perceive various changes associated with rapid growth of the tourism industry may lead to unsustainable development. This study assessed the levels and determinants of residents’ perception regarding the changes in environmental, sociocultural, and economic conditions associated with tourism development in Phuket, Thailand. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted with 450 residents covering all three districts of Phuket Province to capture overall indicators and detailed sub-indicators of perception, whilst factors affecting the perceived changes were examined through ordered logistic regression and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) analyses. The descriptive statistics showed that residents perceived unfavorable changes in various conditions in the island such as increased levels of pollution, road accidents, traffic congestion, and costs of living, while at the same time acknowledging the importance of long-term econ...
2017 Second International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC), 2017
Developing countries nowadays have been trying to manage their metropolitan area because of urban... more Developing countries nowadays have been trying to manage their metropolitan area because of urban growth problem. Improper location, sprawl, environmental degradation, etc. are typical problems appeared in Jakarta Metropolitan Region. Jakarta province exhibits a “post-suburbia” phenomenon which is characterized by a decline of central city population and the growth and the dominance of its vicinity (Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi). Bekasi city, in the Jakarta Metropolitan Region, faces many problems regarding the urban growth. Helping the local city planners by giving a modeling and simulation tool would be beneficial in managing land use. This typical “what-if” analysis model would be able to give the planners the consequences of their plans. However, they need another tool for allocating some land uses through a land use optimization tool. This study showed that modeling, simulation, and optimization can work together to handle the urban growth in an urban area.
Sustainability, 2020
Integrating climate adaptation measures into urban development has emerged as a holistic approach... more Integrating climate adaptation measures into urban development has emerged as a holistic approach to minimize climate change impacts and to enhance urban resilience. Although there has been an initial implementation of the integrated strategy at the national level, the progress of its adoption at the local level is relatively less studied. The study aims to examine the integration development of climate adaptation measures into urban development strategies by looking at its drivers and benefits in two coastal cities of Indonesia, i.e., Semarang and Bandar Lampung. Both cities have experienced climate change impacts and the preliminary effort of the integration process. The study was depended on close-ended Likert-scale questions with key actors representing local authorities and relevant stakeholders. Then, a Weighted Average Index was applied to transform their perceptions. The assessment of their knowledge of related issues was conducted. Secondary data was obtained from a desk st...
Sustainability, 2020
Public transport service has been promoted to reduce the problems of traffic congestion and envir... more Public transport service has been promoted to reduce the problems of traffic congestion and environmental impacts due to car dependency. Several public transportation modes are available in Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR) such as buses, heavy rails, vans, boats, taxis, and trains while in some areas have fewer modes of public transport available. The disparity of public transport service negatively impacts social equity. This study aims to identify the gaps between public transport supply and demand and to demonstrate introduced indicators to assess the public transport performance incorporating transport capacity and equilibrium access aspects. Supply index was used to evaluate the level of service, and the demand index was applied to estimate travel needs. Furthermore, the Lorenz curves and the Gini coefficients were used to measure the equity of public transport. The results highlight that more than half of the BMR population is living in low-supply high-demand areas for public...
Sustainability, 2019
Easy, economical, and near-real-time identification of tourism areas of interest is useful for to... more Easy, economical, and near-real-time identification of tourism areas of interest is useful for tourism planning and management. Numerous studies have been accomplished to analyze and evaluate the tourism conditions of a place using free and near-real-time data sources such as social media. This study demonstrates the potential of volunteered geographic information, mainly Twitter and OpenStreetMap, for discovering tourism areas of interest. Active tweet clusters generated using Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) clustering algorithm and building footprint information are used to identify touristic places that ensure the availability of basic essential facilities for travelers. Furthermore, an investigation is made to examine the usefulness of nighttime light remotely sensed data to recognize such tourism areas. The study successfully discovered important tourism areas in urban and remote regions in Nepal which have relatively low social media penetr...
Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2019
Buffer zone (BZ) concept has emerged to minimize degradation of natural resources and enhance bal... more Buffer zone (BZ) concept has emerged to minimize degradation of natural resources and enhance balanced land use planning for the areas where existing urban and peri-urban landscapes are threatened by rapid land use change. The primary aim of the study is to seek a better understanding of land use planning and governance in BZ surrounding the core zone of the Chittagong Metropolitan Area. Through questionnaires and interviews, the study also identified the key stakeholders' inclination and influence on land use decisions, i.e., preservation versus urbanization of the BZ. Then, the national and international policies of BZ management were reviewed to check the overall validity and credibility of the analytical results. The results revealed that the respondents in the responsible authorities have demonstrated a positive inclination to urbanization rather than preservation of BZ, whereas non-governmental organizations, practitioners, and academics have supported preservation rather than urbanization. In addition, the study also reported the conflict in interagency and multi-level coordination for urban development. In the national level, core zone development gains more support by containing 'strategic open space' and 'no development zone.' However, it contradicts the regional plan which allows the reduction of green coverage from 46.20 to 32.56%. Therefore, to achieve BZ management practices in a consistent and sustainable manner, overcoming knowledge and inclination gap, as well as effective coordination of land use governance, is critical.
Sustainability, 2019
Land development in sub-urban areas is more frequent than in highly urbanized cities, causing lan... more Land development in sub-urban areas is more frequent than in highly urbanized cities, causing land prices to increase abruptly and making it harder for valuers to update land values in timely manner. Apart from this, the non-availability of sufficient reliable market values forces valuers to use alternatives and subjective judgement. Land value is critical not only for private individuals but also for government agencies in their day-to-day land dealings. Thus, mass appraisal is necessary. In other words, despite the importance of reliable land value in all aspects of land administration, valuation remains disorganized, with unregulated undertakings that lack concrete scientific, legal, and practical foundations. A holistic and objective way of weighing geospatial factors through expert consultation, legal reviews, and evidence (i.e., news) will provide more realistic results than a regression-based method that does not comprehend valuation factors (i.e., physical, social, economic,...
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), 2018
Urban areas have been perceived as the source of environmental problems. To avoid improper land u... more Urban areas have been perceived as the source of environmental problems. To avoid improper land use allocation, negative sprawl effects, and other sources of environmental degradation, city planners need tools for simulating and optimizing their proposed plans. This study proposed a "what-if" analysis model that could help the planners in assessing and simulating their urban plans in Bekasi City, Indonesia. As part of Jakarta Metropolitan Area which exhibited a "post-suburbanization" phenomenon, this city faces many problems because of its high urban growth. Since the urban area has higher land use density than the rural area, especially on built-up class, it needs more consideration when allocating this kind of land use. Because each type of built-up class influences another type, it is difficult to allocate manually. Therefore, this study proposed a land-use optimization application to help planners finding the appropriate land use. This study showed that a model with simulation and optimization can be used to handle urban growth.
Tourism Management, 2017
China has considered tourism development as an important policy for reducing rural poverty. Howev... more China has considered tourism development as an important policy for reducing rural poverty. However, various governances of tourism development have affected local livelihood in different ways. Here, we assessed local livelihood under the community-based (CBT) and lease-to-operate tourism (LOT) governances in two tourism villages; the Jade and Phoenix valleys located in the World Heritage mountain area of Huangshan. We used the sustainable livelihood approach to assess the local household livelihood assets and institutional arrangements that exist in this area with respect to tourism development. Five capital assets were analyzed according to 15 indicators. Values for natural, physical, human, social, and financial capitals were generally higher for CBT. Overall value for livelihood assets was 0.89 under the CBT compared to 0.51 under the LOT indicating that CBT contributed more to livelihood improvement in the rural area. Therefore, the CBT should be promoted as a policy for poverty alleviation in China.
Land Use Policy, 2017
The conservation and management of protected areas in urban settings has become increasingly chal... more The conservation and management of protected areas in urban settings has become increasingly challenging with dynamics over land use change in adjacent urban areas being highly relevant to, but at times conflicting with, the protected area. This study seeks to better understand the implications of land use change processes to urban protected area management through the case study of the Las Piñas-Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA) in Metro Manila, Philippines. Factors and processes influencing land use change and protected area management and the impact of stakeholders' perceptions on protected area were analyzed. The urban protected area in itself has limited influence on its surrounding urban areas, as land use change in these areas is shaped more by social, economic and policy/institutional factors occurring within the context of urban-regional development. The study also found that land use conflict is evident in an urban protected area due to the competing ecosystem services derived by various stakeholders. This discord is deepened by the lack of coordination between land use planning and protected area management. Integrating protected area management with land use planning through legally binding instruments, specific timeframes and clear internal procedures can help resolve land use conflict for an urban protected area at the strategic or policy level.
Sustainability, 2017
Cities worldwide have been trying to achieve a sustainable urban form to handle their rapid urban... more Cities worldwide have been trying to achieve a sustainable urban form to handle their rapid urban growth. Many sustainable urban forms have been studied and two of them, the compact city and the eco city, were chosen in this study as urban form foundations. Based on these forms, four sustainable city criteria (compactness, compatibility, dependency, and suitability) were considered as necessary functions for land use optimisation. This study presents a land use optimisation as a method for achieving a sustainable urban form. Three optimisation methods (particle swarm optimisation, genetic algorithms, and a local search method) were combined into a single hybrid optimisation method for land use in Bekasi city, Indonesia. It was also used for examining Bekasi city's land-use-plan (2010-2030) after optimising current (2015) and future land use (2030). After current land use optimisation, the score of sustainable city criteria increased significantly. Three important centres of land use (commercial, industrial, and residential) were also created through clustering the results. These centres were slightly different from centres of the city plan zones. Additional land uses in 2030 were predicted using a nonlinear autoregressive neural network with external input. Three scenarios were used for allocating these additional land uses including sustainable development, government policy, and business-as-usual. Future land use allocation in 2030 found that the sustainable development scenario showed better performance compared to government policy and business-as-usual scenarios.
Sustainability, 2021
Coastal tourism development can appropriately contribute to the livelihood of the community. To d... more Coastal tourism development can appropriately contribute to the livelihood of the community. To date, few studies have been conducted on the impacts of tourism development on the coastal communities in Thailand. This study assessed these impacts through the analysis of local perceptions based on four criteria of tourism development—the economic, environmental, social, and cultural impacts—using a five-point Likert scale. A survey of 116 households (HHs) was conducted at Cha-am Beach in the Gulf of Thailand. We found that the impacts of tourism development on coastal communities were 3.13 ± 1.02 (± refers to standard deviation) for social impact and 2.85 ± 1.03 for economic impact, indicating that tourism development had neutral and positive impacts. However, impacts on the other two criteria were below the average scores, indicating that tourism development had a negative impact on the local environment (2.50 ± 1.05) and local culture (2.41 ± 0.95). For overall impacts, the average ...
International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning
Rapid urbanization, deforestation and disaster management system exacerbated the risk of flooding... more Rapid urbanization, deforestation and disaster management system exacerbated the risk of flooding in Thailand. In 2011, Thailand had learned the lessons from its experience of the mega flood disaster that point to the requirement of better solutions to reduce damage to property and human life. This article presents the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Flood Management Framework (SEAFMF) in the existing flood management plan. This study aims to investigate how SEA can be integrated into Thailand’s flood management plan using an appropriate flood management framework. The methodology includes content analysis of qualitative and quantitative data based on a review of existing research, interviews with relevant organizations, and focus group discussions. The results show that the strategic environmental assessment approach can be used in decision making regarding the adaptation framework. As the pilot case, is a partially integrated model, more effective SEA should be comple...
Gender, Work & Organization
Sustainability
Thailand is projected to become a “super-aged” society in 2050, with more than 35 percent of the ... more Thailand is projected to become a “super-aged” society in 2050, with more than 35 percent of the population aged 60 or above. The aging population represents enormous challenges in supporting the elderly’s needs in terms of living environment and well-being. Providing community facilities and services that foster healthy aging in urban residential areas ensures that older adults feel comfortable aging in their homes or communities. Therefore, this research study includes a comprehensive assessment of the needs of elderly people that used community facilities and services using a focus group interview, a site investigation, and a questionnaire survey in five urban housing projects in Bangkok. The study reveals that the need for community facilities and services, such as green spaces, safety facilities, and medical services, was prioritized by the majority of elderly respondents, especially those who were ambulant and active. Elderly people’s income and health status, the provision of...
Sustainable Cities and Society
Highlights Functions and services of public open spaces are major utilization factors for publi... more Highlights Functions and services of public open spaces are major utilization factors for public. Underutilization of public open spaces by public creates the decreased attention by stakeholders. Multi-stakeholder collaboration and their investment are the key to improvement of public open spaces. Multiple benefits are the major incentive for multi-stakeholder investment.
Sustainability
Mainstreaming flood risk reduction into spatial planning (MFRRSP) recognizes the urgent need for ... more Mainstreaming flood risk reduction into spatial planning (MFRRSP) recognizes the urgent need for sustainable human settlement planning. Despite official recognition of MFRRSP in Thailand, repetitive damage from floods demonstrates gaps in concept and implementation. This paper examines the transition and challenges of flood risk reduction (FRR) practices in the spatial planning (SP) of the Bangkok and Sing Buri provinces of Thailand. Content analysis through computer-aided qualitative data analysis software (CAQDS) and in-depth interviews provide the evidence for the study. Twenty-two codes under seven assessments were extracted from the MFRRSP guidelines of international organizations. It was found that FRR was more mainstream in Thailand’s SP. The code in the next Sing Buri and Bangkok Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) was mentioned in 202.06% and 112.70% of the existing CLUP. The assessment area that deserves more attention is FRR preparedness and stakeholder participation, whic...
International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 2021
Purpose The research aims to establish importance scheme of geospatial factors for land valuation... more Purpose The research aims to establish importance scheme of geospatial factors for land valuation activities that may serve as an eye-opener and aid the concerned government agencies in drafting land valuation policies and guidelines to achieve a sound land governance and administration. It specifically identifies and weighs geospatial valuation factors to establish their importance. Design/methodology/approach The research involves discussions and survey questionnaires given to land experts (i.e. appraisers, environmental planners, land economist, geodetic engineers and assessors) who indicated their opinions on influence of geospatial factors on land value. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is then used to weigh the factors in terms of its importance. Findings The result was then compared with the multiple regression analysis (MRA) taking into consideration the standardized regression coefficient of the 15 factors. The AHP method found out the major road accessibility and slope...
Highlights strongly in national agendas: China's The National New-type of Urbanization (2014-2020... more Highlights strongly in national agendas: China's The National New-type of Urbanization (2014-2020), India's Smart City Initiative, and others are putting urban areas at the heart of many national development agendas. Climate change is one of the key considerations for all these plans. Thousands of cities are developing climate actions in various forms and hundreds have explicit and well-defined climate change action plans. Others are ambitiously pledging, developing response plans, and implementing actions with support from research, policy, and practitioner communities. The IPCC's 5th Assessment Report has shown that incremental changes in urban environments will not be enough to offset dangerous temperature rises and knowledge gaps for transformative change in cities remain a challenge. Implementing effective mitigation and adaptation strategies is critical if cities are to reduce climate change impacts, which includes ensuring that urban development is climate compatible. With the world's urban population expected to double from 3.48 billion in 2014 to 6.3 billion in 2050, cities are the major contributors to the emissions causing climate change. Despite covering less than 2% of the earth's surface, cities consume over two-thirds of the world's energy and produce between 71-76% of global energy related CO2 emissions and more than 60% of total greenhouse gas emissions combining energy generation, vehicles, industry, and biomass use (Seto et al., 2014). Cities are trying to address climate change mitigation and adaptation by quantifying emissions, setting greenhouse gas reduction targets, and developing vulnerability and risk assessments and adaptation plans. As understanding of climate risks became robust and extreme events associated with climate change become frequent, adaptation has become a core element of sustainable development. As part of this focus on the role of cities in responding to climate change it became clear that new urban development models and pathways are required, which can be described as 'climate compatible development'. This approach to urban development integrates climate threats and opportunities focusing on both climate mitigation directly and indirectly, while building climate resilient cities simultaneously. Climate compatible development as defined by Mitchell and Maxwell (2010), is a 'triple-win' strategy aiming to achieve low carbon emissions, build resilience, and promote development simultaneously.
: The concept of ‘urban-rural linkage or continuum’ has been developed as a mechanism to better v... more : The concept of ‘urban-rural linkage or continuum’ has been developed as a mechanism to better view and understand the inherent differences between the two terms in the field of planning and regional development. Examining consensus between the conceptual approaches in the literature and actual transforming process in some of the most dynamic and least regulated cities in the world – Mumbai metropolitan region, this paper tries to describe the increasing significance of urban-rural linkages in the livelihoods of rural residents, including spatial and occupational transformations and their interdependence on surrounding urban centers and towns. The results of the network analysis suggested the role of small and intermediate urban centers in facilitating exchange between the rural villages and towns by offering employments and markets both for farming and non-farming sectors. This also indicates that urban-rural linkages can be strengthened by the local or regional authorities which ...
Sustainability, 2021
Lack of understanding of the ways local subpopulations perceive various changes associated with r... more Lack of understanding of the ways local subpopulations perceive various changes associated with rapid growth of the tourism industry may lead to unsustainable development. This study assessed the levels and determinants of residents’ perception regarding the changes in environmental, sociocultural, and economic conditions associated with tourism development in Phuket, Thailand. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted with 450 residents covering all three districts of Phuket Province to capture overall indicators and detailed sub-indicators of perception, whilst factors affecting the perceived changes were examined through ordered logistic regression and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) analyses. The descriptive statistics showed that residents perceived unfavorable changes in various conditions in the island such as increased levels of pollution, road accidents, traffic congestion, and costs of living, while at the same time acknowledging the importance of long-term econ...
2017 Second International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC), 2017
Developing countries nowadays have been trying to manage their metropolitan area because of urban... more Developing countries nowadays have been trying to manage their metropolitan area because of urban growth problem. Improper location, sprawl, environmental degradation, etc. are typical problems appeared in Jakarta Metropolitan Region. Jakarta province exhibits a “post-suburbia” phenomenon which is characterized by a decline of central city population and the growth and the dominance of its vicinity (Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi). Bekasi city, in the Jakarta Metropolitan Region, faces many problems regarding the urban growth. Helping the local city planners by giving a modeling and simulation tool would be beneficial in managing land use. This typical “what-if” analysis model would be able to give the planners the consequences of their plans. However, they need another tool for allocating some land uses through a land use optimization tool. This study showed that modeling, simulation, and optimization can work together to handle the urban growth in an urban area.
Sustainability, 2020
Integrating climate adaptation measures into urban development has emerged as a holistic approach... more Integrating climate adaptation measures into urban development has emerged as a holistic approach to minimize climate change impacts and to enhance urban resilience. Although there has been an initial implementation of the integrated strategy at the national level, the progress of its adoption at the local level is relatively less studied. The study aims to examine the integration development of climate adaptation measures into urban development strategies by looking at its drivers and benefits in two coastal cities of Indonesia, i.e., Semarang and Bandar Lampung. Both cities have experienced climate change impacts and the preliminary effort of the integration process. The study was depended on close-ended Likert-scale questions with key actors representing local authorities and relevant stakeholders. Then, a Weighted Average Index was applied to transform their perceptions. The assessment of their knowledge of related issues was conducted. Secondary data was obtained from a desk st...
Sustainability, 2020
Public transport service has been promoted to reduce the problems of traffic congestion and envir... more Public transport service has been promoted to reduce the problems of traffic congestion and environmental impacts due to car dependency. Several public transportation modes are available in Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR) such as buses, heavy rails, vans, boats, taxis, and trains while in some areas have fewer modes of public transport available. The disparity of public transport service negatively impacts social equity. This study aims to identify the gaps between public transport supply and demand and to demonstrate introduced indicators to assess the public transport performance incorporating transport capacity and equilibrium access aspects. Supply index was used to evaluate the level of service, and the demand index was applied to estimate travel needs. Furthermore, the Lorenz curves and the Gini coefficients were used to measure the equity of public transport. The results highlight that more than half of the BMR population is living in low-supply high-demand areas for public...
Sustainability, 2019
Easy, economical, and near-real-time identification of tourism areas of interest is useful for to... more Easy, economical, and near-real-time identification of tourism areas of interest is useful for tourism planning and management. Numerous studies have been accomplished to analyze and evaluate the tourism conditions of a place using free and near-real-time data sources such as social media. This study demonstrates the potential of volunteered geographic information, mainly Twitter and OpenStreetMap, for discovering tourism areas of interest. Active tweet clusters generated using Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) clustering algorithm and building footprint information are used to identify touristic places that ensure the availability of basic essential facilities for travelers. Furthermore, an investigation is made to examine the usefulness of nighttime light remotely sensed data to recognize such tourism areas. The study successfully discovered important tourism areas in urban and remote regions in Nepal which have relatively low social media penetr...
Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2019
Buffer zone (BZ) concept has emerged to minimize degradation of natural resources and enhance bal... more Buffer zone (BZ) concept has emerged to minimize degradation of natural resources and enhance balanced land use planning for the areas where existing urban and peri-urban landscapes are threatened by rapid land use change. The primary aim of the study is to seek a better understanding of land use planning and governance in BZ surrounding the core zone of the Chittagong Metropolitan Area. Through questionnaires and interviews, the study also identified the key stakeholders' inclination and influence on land use decisions, i.e., preservation versus urbanization of the BZ. Then, the national and international policies of BZ management were reviewed to check the overall validity and credibility of the analytical results. The results revealed that the respondents in the responsible authorities have demonstrated a positive inclination to urbanization rather than preservation of BZ, whereas non-governmental organizations, practitioners, and academics have supported preservation rather than urbanization. In addition, the study also reported the conflict in interagency and multi-level coordination for urban development. In the national level, core zone development gains more support by containing 'strategic open space' and 'no development zone.' However, it contradicts the regional plan which allows the reduction of green coverage from 46.20 to 32.56%. Therefore, to achieve BZ management practices in a consistent and sustainable manner, overcoming knowledge and inclination gap, as well as effective coordination of land use governance, is critical.
Sustainability, 2019
Land development in sub-urban areas is more frequent than in highly urbanized cities, causing lan... more Land development in sub-urban areas is more frequent than in highly urbanized cities, causing land prices to increase abruptly and making it harder for valuers to update land values in timely manner. Apart from this, the non-availability of sufficient reliable market values forces valuers to use alternatives and subjective judgement. Land value is critical not only for private individuals but also for government agencies in their day-to-day land dealings. Thus, mass appraisal is necessary. In other words, despite the importance of reliable land value in all aspects of land administration, valuation remains disorganized, with unregulated undertakings that lack concrete scientific, legal, and practical foundations. A holistic and objective way of weighing geospatial factors through expert consultation, legal reviews, and evidence (i.e., news) will provide more realistic results than a regression-based method that does not comprehend valuation factors (i.e., physical, social, economic,...
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), 2018
Urban areas have been perceived as the source of environmental problems. To avoid improper land u... more Urban areas have been perceived as the source of environmental problems. To avoid improper land use allocation, negative sprawl effects, and other sources of environmental degradation, city planners need tools for simulating and optimizing their proposed plans. This study proposed a "what-if" analysis model that could help the planners in assessing and simulating their urban plans in Bekasi City, Indonesia. As part of Jakarta Metropolitan Area which exhibited a "post-suburbanization" phenomenon, this city faces many problems because of its high urban growth. Since the urban area has higher land use density than the rural area, especially on built-up class, it needs more consideration when allocating this kind of land use. Because each type of built-up class influences another type, it is difficult to allocate manually. Therefore, this study proposed a land-use optimization application to help planners finding the appropriate land use. This study showed that a model with simulation and optimization can be used to handle urban growth.
Tourism Management, 2017
China has considered tourism development as an important policy for reducing rural poverty. Howev... more China has considered tourism development as an important policy for reducing rural poverty. However, various governances of tourism development have affected local livelihood in different ways. Here, we assessed local livelihood under the community-based (CBT) and lease-to-operate tourism (LOT) governances in two tourism villages; the Jade and Phoenix valleys located in the World Heritage mountain area of Huangshan. We used the sustainable livelihood approach to assess the local household livelihood assets and institutional arrangements that exist in this area with respect to tourism development. Five capital assets were analyzed according to 15 indicators. Values for natural, physical, human, social, and financial capitals were generally higher for CBT. Overall value for livelihood assets was 0.89 under the CBT compared to 0.51 under the LOT indicating that CBT contributed more to livelihood improvement in the rural area. Therefore, the CBT should be promoted as a policy for poverty alleviation in China.
Land Use Policy, 2017
The conservation and management of protected areas in urban settings has become increasingly chal... more The conservation and management of protected areas in urban settings has become increasingly challenging with dynamics over land use change in adjacent urban areas being highly relevant to, but at times conflicting with, the protected area. This study seeks to better understand the implications of land use change processes to urban protected area management through the case study of the Las Piñas-Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA) in Metro Manila, Philippines. Factors and processes influencing land use change and protected area management and the impact of stakeholders' perceptions on protected area were analyzed. The urban protected area in itself has limited influence on its surrounding urban areas, as land use change in these areas is shaped more by social, economic and policy/institutional factors occurring within the context of urban-regional development. The study also found that land use conflict is evident in an urban protected area due to the competing ecosystem services derived by various stakeholders. This discord is deepened by the lack of coordination between land use planning and protected area management. Integrating protected area management with land use planning through legally binding instruments, specific timeframes and clear internal procedures can help resolve land use conflict for an urban protected area at the strategic or policy level.
Sustainability, 2017
Cities worldwide have been trying to achieve a sustainable urban form to handle their rapid urban... more Cities worldwide have been trying to achieve a sustainable urban form to handle their rapid urban growth. Many sustainable urban forms have been studied and two of them, the compact city and the eco city, were chosen in this study as urban form foundations. Based on these forms, four sustainable city criteria (compactness, compatibility, dependency, and suitability) were considered as necessary functions for land use optimisation. This study presents a land use optimisation as a method for achieving a sustainable urban form. Three optimisation methods (particle swarm optimisation, genetic algorithms, and a local search method) were combined into a single hybrid optimisation method for land use in Bekasi city, Indonesia. It was also used for examining Bekasi city's land-use-plan (2010-2030) after optimising current (2015) and future land use (2030). After current land use optimisation, the score of sustainable city criteria increased significantly. Three important centres of land use (commercial, industrial, and residential) were also created through clustering the results. These centres were slightly different from centres of the city plan zones. Additional land uses in 2030 were predicted using a nonlinear autoregressive neural network with external input. Three scenarios were used for allocating these additional land uses including sustainable development, government policy, and business-as-usual. Future land use allocation in 2030 found that the sustainable development scenario showed better performance compared to government policy and business-as-usual scenarios.
Sustainability, 2021
Coastal tourism development can appropriately contribute to the livelihood of the community. To d... more Coastal tourism development can appropriately contribute to the livelihood of the community. To date, few studies have been conducted on the impacts of tourism development on the coastal communities in Thailand. This study assessed these impacts through the analysis of local perceptions based on four criteria of tourism development—the economic, environmental, social, and cultural impacts—using a five-point Likert scale. A survey of 116 households (HHs) was conducted at Cha-am Beach in the Gulf of Thailand. We found that the impacts of tourism development on coastal communities were 3.13 ± 1.02 (± refers to standard deviation) for social impact and 2.85 ± 1.03 for economic impact, indicating that tourism development had neutral and positive impacts. However, impacts on the other two criteria were below the average scores, indicating that tourism development had a negative impact on the local environment (2.50 ± 1.05) and local culture (2.41 ± 0.95). For overall impacts, the average ...