Hashim Al-Madani | University of Bahrain (original) (raw)
Papers by Hashim Al-Madani
International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 2011
An exponential model is developed for capacity estimate of roundabouts with triple circulating la... more An exponential model is developed for capacity estimate of roundabouts with triple circulating lanes based on given circulating flows. The necessary data for the development of the model and for the comparison purposes between the model and other international models are gathered from 13 roundabouts in bahrain. The geometric data were gathered from the actual drawings, scaled aerial photographs and from the field. The necessary traffic data were gathered during morning and evening peak periods. The developed model falls well in between the tested international models and matches the actual data reasonably well. Substantial differences in estimating capacities were observed between the various available international methods. Such variations make the judgment of accepting or rejecting the estimated capacities difficult. They will also make the gating strategies and traffic assignments unreliable. The methods with complicated input parameters, extensive equations and tedious calculations, such as aaSIDrA, uK rODel, french and Indian methods, did not prove to be better than much simpler ones, such as hcm or fhWA methods, in estimating roundabout capacities when compared with actual data. The influence of most of the geometric parameters of roundabouts on capacity during rush hours is limited. The findings are quite essential for traffic planners in making judicious decisions regarding roundabouts' performance. There is a real need for a more consistent model for the capacity estimation of roundabouts.
Intersections Control and Safety, 2013
Estimation of the entry capacity of roundabouts greatly varies between one method and another in ... more Estimation of the entry capacity of roundabouts greatly varies between one method and another in their input requirements, model complexity, assumption made and estimated accuracy. Several available models for the capacity estimation at approach entries of large roundabouts are tested here and compared during high traffic demand conditions. Three models for the estimation of capacity are developed for roundabouts with dual or triple entry lanes. Fifteen roundabouts in Bahrain are used for the development of the models and for comparison purposes with various tested international models. The geometric data were gathered from the actual drawings, GIS maps, geo-referenced scaled aerial photographs and actual field measurements. The necessary traffic data were gathered during peak periods. Substantial differences in estimating capacities were observed between the various available international methods. This made the judgment of accepting or rejecting the estimated capacity difficult. The developed models fall well in between the tested international models and matched the actual data reasonably well. The methods with complicated input parameters and extensive equations as aaSIDRA, UK RODEL, French and Indian methods did not prove to be better than much simpler ones like Swiss or FHWA methods. The findings are quite essential for traffic planners in making judicious decisions regarding roundabouts' performance. There is a real need for a more consistent model for the capacity estimation of multi-lane roundabouts.
Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 2007
This study attempts to test hypotheses related to child pedestrian casualties as per their parent... more This study attempts to test hypotheses related to child pedestrian casualties as per their parental living conditions as being together, separated, living without mothers or without fathers. These are analyzed according to the children age, sex and injury severity. The necessary data are taken from questionnaires administered by Directorate of Traffic in Bahrain. The questionnaires are filled out on scene by accident investigators for every pedestrian crash spread over a period of eight years. The actual traffic crash records were categorized according to the investigated characteristics considering their expected risk. The former frequencies were categorized according to the necessary investigated characteristics. Furthermore, they were compared to those expected as per their percentage presence in the society. The data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square tests to compare the actual crash frequencies to those expected in each subcategory. The findings revealed that childre...
World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research, 2014
Mode choice modelling in transportation planning is carried out through either traditional statis... more Mode choice modelling in transportation planning is carried out through either traditional statistical techniques or artificial intelligence approach. Mode choice modelling presents a different scenario for researchers when considering border transport due to the inclusion of economic and policy measures such as gross domestic product (GDP). More work has been done for border transport modelling among countries which are politically or geographically connected such as members of the European Union (EU) countries. In spite of the usefulness of artificial intelligence techniques, logit models are more dominantly used for border transport modelling. Use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for mode choice modelling has been growing, and this trend is expected to continue in the future for border transport as well. This paper discusses the trends in mode choice modelling for intra-region and border transport, highlights the reasons for adopting different techniques, and suggests the future direction of research in the area of mode choice modelling.
Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, 2002
Drivers Characteristics with Respect to Accident Involvement. and Seat Belt Utilization. Hashim M... more Drivers Characteristics with Respect to Accident Involvement. and Seat Belt Utilization. Hashim MN Al-Madani*, AbdulRahman Al-Janahi* and. Ebrahim Al-Sada**. *Civil and Architectural Engineering Department,. University of Bahrain, Bahrain. **Ministry of Health, Qatar. ...
International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research
Roundabout models, available in the literature widely, vary between one method and another. Major... more Roundabout models, available in the literature widely, vary between one method and another. Majority of the models are solely based on circulating fl ow to estimate capacity. The relationship between maximum entry fl ow of large dual and triple lane roundabouts and their geometric and traffi c characteristics is investigated here for saturated fl ow condition using multivariate analysis. The developed model, based on the data gathered from 13 roundabouts in Bahrain, matched the fi eld data reasonably well. The signifi cant predictors, out of 60 tested ones, included circulating and exiting fl ows, number of entry and circulating lanes, circulating and entry widths, inscribed diameter and fl are length. Capacities predicted through various international models varied considerably with both the developed model and the fi eld data. The international models were then calibrated against the model, and consequently the fi eld data, so as to have signifi cant match with the two. The proced...
Drivers encounter tens of signs in their daily trips. While many signs are well recognized by the... more Drivers encounter tens of signs in their daily trips. While many signs are well recognized by the drivers, many others are not. This study examines drivers' identification of 28 warning and regulatory signs. The identification rate was standardized as per sign exposure rate. Differences between nationalities are then tested. Questionnaires including these signs were distributed to 9000 drivers in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates. Over 4850 responded back (54%). The questionnaire illustrated the tested signs in color along with four selection choices. In order to have just comparisons between the drivers of the various nationalities, their educational background is controlled. Three best-identified signs by the drivers included those indicating slippery road, closed to motor vehicles and road narrows from both sides. The three least identified are those indicating not waiting, turn left ahead and turn left. The findings also showed the existence of functiona...
GIS provides an efficient tool for the analysis of traffic accidents. It relates accidents as pla... more GIS provides an efficient tool for the analysis of traffic accidents. It relates accidents as place-based events to urban planning and spatial organization of cities and roads network. This study aims at creating a GIS database of accidents data that was collected from the General Traffic Department of the Ministry of Interior (Kingdom of Bahrain) for the years 2000-2004 and analyzing it in relation to the different available layers of the territory. The method of analysis involves two aspects: mapping techniques and spatial analysis (ARCGIS 9) on the one hand, and statistical methods (Excel and Access/Windows) on the other. Results of statistical analysis are categorized, commented and displayed according to time, drivers’ identity and causes. Spatial analysis consists of detecting, through the digital map of accidents, the pattern of distribution with regards to urban settlements and roads network, blocks and urban areas and red spots. Both parts of the analysis allow investigatio...
WHO-Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) covers 627 million inhabitants and 98 million vehicles. Th... more WHO-Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) covers 627 million inhabitants and 98 million vehicles. This study aims to estimate and analyze the road crash deaths in EMR during the past 35 years by compiling the data for each country within the region. The crash fatalities are mainly adjusted and modelled for underreporting, death definition differences and missing data. The data are gathered from official sites, fact books, international databases, extensive literature, web search, and personal communications. The developed models employed simple deterministic time series by employing curve fitting regression and scattered diagrams. The sum of crash deaths in the region followed continuous increasing trends. The recorded traffic crash deaths increased about two and a half times between 1980 and 2011. The adjusted crash deaths during 2013 and 2014 showed precedence records close to 99,000. The estimated crash death represents just 60% of that reported in EMR Status Report on Road Safety. ...
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In the research presented in this paper the drivers' knowledge of traffic signs has been stud... more In the research presented in this paper the drivers' knowledge of traffic signs has been studied statistically. Significant differences have been identified between drivers of different categories in their understanding of both regulatory and warning signs. Imported aspects studied includes prior accident involvement, traffic offence history, age, driving experience, gender education, income and nationality. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 493717.
Journal of Transportation Safety & Security
Accident; analysis and prevention, 2018
The global road crash deaths during the past 35 years are estimated and analysed considering micr... more The global road crash deaths during the past 35 years are estimated and analysed considering micro-level data for 215 countries. The data were gathered from Governmental records, international databases, and personal contacts. The data are adjusted for underreporting, death definition differences and missing data. The study models both reported and adjusted death to forecast future crash trends for each continent. The developed models employed curve fitting regression technique. It took over five years to build-up the database. The global sum of crash deaths showed firm increasing trends between 1980 and 2008. Subsequently, the global deaths tend to slow down. The adjusted death during 2014 ranged between 792,000 and 905,000. The high range showed 40% lesser death than World Health Organization (WHO) estimate. The developed models presented a plateauing transition stage of global road deaths before descending. This is contradicting WHO and The World Bank (TWB) forecasts. The global ...
The Human Factors of Transport Signs, 2004
Journal of Local and Global Health Science, 2015
This study investigates the association between drivers' characteristics and their speed citation... more This study investigates the association between drivers' characteristics and their speed citation involvement. Besides driving experience and accident involvement, the studied characteristics include monthly income, age, level of education, marital status and gender type. In order to model the above parameters; regression analysis was carried out to data gathered from 4774 drivers from five Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The data were collected using a questionnaire involving short answers on the required characteristics. Official records were not possible to be used since they do not properly represent the actual drivers' population, simply because of the considerable amount of tickets issued to the owners of the vehicles rather than to the violating drivers. However, the gathered data on speed citations were possible to be compared indirectly with that officially published. The two matched reasonably well. The final developed model showed drivers' age, accident involvement, and monthly income to be significantly associated with speed citation involvement. Age showed a negative association and the other two parameters showed positive associations. In the presence of these variables, all the remaining variables become unbalanced and are automatically removed form the model. In the absence of age, driving experience and level of education become significant. The former is negatively associated with speed citations and the latter positively. The findings are believed to be important for law enforcers, driving rehabilitators, insurance decision makers, and traffic policy makers.
Safety and Security Engineering V, 2013
ABSTRACT Traffic safety data for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, namely Saudi Arabi... more ABSTRACT Traffic safety data for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, namely Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, UAE and Bahrain, are analysed here and compared with EU countries. The comparison is based on data gathered for over three decades considering death frequencies and rates. The predicted values for the coming decade, based on best regression fits, are also analysed. The gathered data for the various GCC countries are probably presented for the first time in the literature. While the traffic fatalities in the GCC countries increased from 3,531 during 1980 to 9,685 deaths during 2011; those in 15 EU countries dropped from 59,879 deaths to 20,764. It is expected that roadway deaths in both will reach 10,700 by the year 2021. The fatality rates per population for the GCC countries as a whole were shown to be substantially higher than those in EU countries. While the rates for EU countries were shown to be around 13.5 deaths per 100,000 population during the 80s; those in the GCC countries were in the range of 22 to 27. The current rates for the EU countries are around 5.5. Those in the GCC countries are around 23 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. As per regressed models; EU fatality rates will continue dropping towards zero in about 10 years’ time; those for GCC countries will stay in the range of 20 deaths per 100,000 population. There are many contributory factors leading to such high rates of traffic deaths in GCC countries. These include lack of measurable long term safety plans, inconsistent handling of traffic safety strategies, poor involvement of NGOs, poor coordination between various stakeholders, poor research involvement in the traffic safety crises and limited post accident rehabilitation centres. Keywords: traffic safety, roadway deaths, fatality rates, GCC, EU.
The Human Factors of Transport Signs, 2004
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences, 2004
This study investigates the association between drivers' characteristics and their speed citation... more This study investigates the association between drivers' characteristics and their speed citation involvement. Besides driving experience and accident involvement, the studied characteristics include monthly income, age, level of education, marital status and gender type. In order to model the above parameters; regression analysis was carried out to data gathered from 4774 drivers from five Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The data were collected using a questionnaire involving short answers on the required characteristics. Official records were not possible to be used since they do not properly represent the actual drivers' population, simply because of the considerable amount of tickets issued to the owners of the vehicles rather than to the violating drivers. However, the gathered data on speed citations were possible to be compared indirectly with that officially published. The two matched reasonably well. The final developed model showed drivers' age, accident involvement, and monthly income to be significantly associated with speed citation involvement. Age showed a negative association and the other two parameters showed positive associations. In the presence of these variables, all the remaining variables become unbalanced and are automatically removed form the model. In the absence of age, driving experience and level of education become significant. The former is negatively associated with speed citations and the latter positively. The findings are believed to be important for law enforcers, driving rehabilitators, insurance decision makers, and traffic policy makers.
International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 2011
An exponential model is developed for capacity estimate of roundabouts with triple circulating la... more An exponential model is developed for capacity estimate of roundabouts with triple circulating lanes based on given circulating flows. The necessary data for the development of the model and for the comparison purposes between the model and other international models are gathered from 13 roundabouts in bahrain. The geometric data were gathered from the actual drawings, scaled aerial photographs and from the field. The necessary traffic data were gathered during morning and evening peak periods. The developed model falls well in between the tested international models and matches the actual data reasonably well. Substantial differences in estimating capacities were observed between the various available international methods. Such variations make the judgment of accepting or rejecting the estimated capacities difficult. They will also make the gating strategies and traffic assignments unreliable. The methods with complicated input parameters, extensive equations and tedious calculations, such as aaSIDrA, uK rODel, french and Indian methods, did not prove to be better than much simpler ones, such as hcm or fhWA methods, in estimating roundabout capacities when compared with actual data. The influence of most of the geometric parameters of roundabouts on capacity during rush hours is limited. The findings are quite essential for traffic planners in making judicious decisions regarding roundabouts' performance. There is a real need for a more consistent model for the capacity estimation of roundabouts.
Intersections Control and Safety, 2013
Estimation of the entry capacity of roundabouts greatly varies between one method and another in ... more Estimation of the entry capacity of roundabouts greatly varies between one method and another in their input requirements, model complexity, assumption made and estimated accuracy. Several available models for the capacity estimation at approach entries of large roundabouts are tested here and compared during high traffic demand conditions. Three models for the estimation of capacity are developed for roundabouts with dual or triple entry lanes. Fifteen roundabouts in Bahrain are used for the development of the models and for comparison purposes with various tested international models. The geometric data were gathered from the actual drawings, GIS maps, geo-referenced scaled aerial photographs and actual field measurements. The necessary traffic data were gathered during peak periods. Substantial differences in estimating capacities were observed between the various available international methods. This made the judgment of accepting or rejecting the estimated capacity difficult. The developed models fall well in between the tested international models and matched the actual data reasonably well. The methods with complicated input parameters and extensive equations as aaSIDRA, UK RODEL, French and Indian methods did not prove to be better than much simpler ones like Swiss or FHWA methods. The findings are quite essential for traffic planners in making judicious decisions regarding roundabouts' performance. There is a real need for a more consistent model for the capacity estimation of multi-lane roundabouts.
Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 2007
This study attempts to test hypotheses related to child pedestrian casualties as per their parent... more This study attempts to test hypotheses related to child pedestrian casualties as per their parental living conditions as being together, separated, living without mothers or without fathers. These are analyzed according to the children age, sex and injury severity. The necessary data are taken from questionnaires administered by Directorate of Traffic in Bahrain. The questionnaires are filled out on scene by accident investigators for every pedestrian crash spread over a period of eight years. The actual traffic crash records were categorized according to the investigated characteristics considering their expected risk. The former frequencies were categorized according to the necessary investigated characteristics. Furthermore, they were compared to those expected as per their percentage presence in the society. The data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square tests to compare the actual crash frequencies to those expected in each subcategory. The findings revealed that childre...
World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research, 2014
Mode choice modelling in transportation planning is carried out through either traditional statis... more Mode choice modelling in transportation planning is carried out through either traditional statistical techniques or artificial intelligence approach. Mode choice modelling presents a different scenario for researchers when considering border transport due to the inclusion of economic and policy measures such as gross domestic product (GDP). More work has been done for border transport modelling among countries which are politically or geographically connected such as members of the European Union (EU) countries. In spite of the usefulness of artificial intelligence techniques, logit models are more dominantly used for border transport modelling. Use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for mode choice modelling has been growing, and this trend is expected to continue in the future for border transport as well. This paper discusses the trends in mode choice modelling for intra-region and border transport, highlights the reasons for adopting different techniques, and suggests the future direction of research in the area of mode choice modelling.
Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, 2002
Drivers Characteristics with Respect to Accident Involvement. and Seat Belt Utilization. Hashim M... more Drivers Characteristics with Respect to Accident Involvement. and Seat Belt Utilization. Hashim MN Al-Madani*, AbdulRahman Al-Janahi* and. Ebrahim Al-Sada**. *Civil and Architectural Engineering Department,. University of Bahrain, Bahrain. **Ministry of Health, Qatar. ...
International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research
Roundabout models, available in the literature widely, vary between one method and another. Major... more Roundabout models, available in the literature widely, vary between one method and another. Majority of the models are solely based on circulating fl ow to estimate capacity. The relationship between maximum entry fl ow of large dual and triple lane roundabouts and their geometric and traffi c characteristics is investigated here for saturated fl ow condition using multivariate analysis. The developed model, based on the data gathered from 13 roundabouts in Bahrain, matched the fi eld data reasonably well. The signifi cant predictors, out of 60 tested ones, included circulating and exiting fl ows, number of entry and circulating lanes, circulating and entry widths, inscribed diameter and fl are length. Capacities predicted through various international models varied considerably with both the developed model and the fi eld data. The international models were then calibrated against the model, and consequently the fi eld data, so as to have signifi cant match with the two. The proced...
Drivers encounter tens of signs in their daily trips. While many signs are well recognized by the... more Drivers encounter tens of signs in their daily trips. While many signs are well recognized by the drivers, many others are not. This study examines drivers' identification of 28 warning and regulatory signs. The identification rate was standardized as per sign exposure rate. Differences between nationalities are then tested. Questionnaires including these signs were distributed to 9000 drivers in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates. Over 4850 responded back (54%). The questionnaire illustrated the tested signs in color along with four selection choices. In order to have just comparisons between the drivers of the various nationalities, their educational background is controlled. Three best-identified signs by the drivers included those indicating slippery road, closed to motor vehicles and road narrows from both sides. The three least identified are those indicating not waiting, turn left ahead and turn left. The findings also showed the existence of functiona...
GIS provides an efficient tool for the analysis of traffic accidents. It relates accidents as pla... more GIS provides an efficient tool for the analysis of traffic accidents. It relates accidents as place-based events to urban planning and spatial organization of cities and roads network. This study aims at creating a GIS database of accidents data that was collected from the General Traffic Department of the Ministry of Interior (Kingdom of Bahrain) for the years 2000-2004 and analyzing it in relation to the different available layers of the territory. The method of analysis involves two aspects: mapping techniques and spatial analysis (ARCGIS 9) on the one hand, and statistical methods (Excel and Access/Windows) on the other. Results of statistical analysis are categorized, commented and displayed according to time, drivers’ identity and causes. Spatial analysis consists of detecting, through the digital map of accidents, the pattern of distribution with regards to urban settlements and roads network, blocks and urban areas and red spots. Both parts of the analysis allow investigatio...
WHO-Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) covers 627 million inhabitants and 98 million vehicles. Th... more WHO-Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) covers 627 million inhabitants and 98 million vehicles. This study aims to estimate and analyze the road crash deaths in EMR during the past 35 years by compiling the data for each country within the region. The crash fatalities are mainly adjusted and modelled for underreporting, death definition differences and missing data. The data are gathered from official sites, fact books, international databases, extensive literature, web search, and personal communications. The developed models employed simple deterministic time series by employing curve fitting regression and scattered diagrams. The sum of crash deaths in the region followed continuous increasing trends. The recorded traffic crash deaths increased about two and a half times between 1980 and 2011. The adjusted crash deaths during 2013 and 2014 showed precedence records close to 99,000. The estimated crash death represents just 60% of that reported in EMR Status Report on Road Safety. ...
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In the research presented in this paper the drivers' knowledge of traffic signs has been stud... more In the research presented in this paper the drivers' knowledge of traffic signs has been studied statistically. Significant differences have been identified between drivers of different categories in their understanding of both regulatory and warning signs. Imported aspects studied includes prior accident involvement, traffic offence history, age, driving experience, gender education, income and nationality. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 493717.
Journal of Transportation Safety & Security
Accident; analysis and prevention, 2018
The global road crash deaths during the past 35 years are estimated and analysed considering micr... more The global road crash deaths during the past 35 years are estimated and analysed considering micro-level data for 215 countries. The data were gathered from Governmental records, international databases, and personal contacts. The data are adjusted for underreporting, death definition differences and missing data. The study models both reported and adjusted death to forecast future crash trends for each continent. The developed models employed curve fitting regression technique. It took over five years to build-up the database. The global sum of crash deaths showed firm increasing trends between 1980 and 2008. Subsequently, the global deaths tend to slow down. The adjusted death during 2014 ranged between 792,000 and 905,000. The high range showed 40% lesser death than World Health Organization (WHO) estimate. The developed models presented a plateauing transition stage of global road deaths before descending. This is contradicting WHO and The World Bank (TWB) forecasts. The global ...
The Human Factors of Transport Signs, 2004
Journal of Local and Global Health Science, 2015
This study investigates the association between drivers' characteristics and their speed citation... more This study investigates the association between drivers' characteristics and their speed citation involvement. Besides driving experience and accident involvement, the studied characteristics include monthly income, age, level of education, marital status and gender type. In order to model the above parameters; regression analysis was carried out to data gathered from 4774 drivers from five Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The data were collected using a questionnaire involving short answers on the required characteristics. Official records were not possible to be used since they do not properly represent the actual drivers' population, simply because of the considerable amount of tickets issued to the owners of the vehicles rather than to the violating drivers. However, the gathered data on speed citations were possible to be compared indirectly with that officially published. The two matched reasonably well. The final developed model showed drivers' age, accident involvement, and monthly income to be significantly associated with speed citation involvement. Age showed a negative association and the other two parameters showed positive associations. In the presence of these variables, all the remaining variables become unbalanced and are automatically removed form the model. In the absence of age, driving experience and level of education become significant. The former is negatively associated with speed citations and the latter positively. The findings are believed to be important for law enforcers, driving rehabilitators, insurance decision makers, and traffic policy makers.
Safety and Security Engineering V, 2013
ABSTRACT Traffic safety data for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, namely Saudi Arabi... more ABSTRACT Traffic safety data for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, namely Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, UAE and Bahrain, are analysed here and compared with EU countries. The comparison is based on data gathered for over three decades considering death frequencies and rates. The predicted values for the coming decade, based on best regression fits, are also analysed. The gathered data for the various GCC countries are probably presented for the first time in the literature. While the traffic fatalities in the GCC countries increased from 3,531 during 1980 to 9,685 deaths during 2011; those in 15 EU countries dropped from 59,879 deaths to 20,764. It is expected that roadway deaths in both will reach 10,700 by the year 2021. The fatality rates per population for the GCC countries as a whole were shown to be substantially higher than those in EU countries. While the rates for EU countries were shown to be around 13.5 deaths per 100,000 population during the 80s; those in the GCC countries were in the range of 22 to 27. The current rates for the EU countries are around 5.5. Those in the GCC countries are around 23 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. As per regressed models; EU fatality rates will continue dropping towards zero in about 10 years’ time; those for GCC countries will stay in the range of 20 deaths per 100,000 population. There are many contributory factors leading to such high rates of traffic deaths in GCC countries. These include lack of measurable long term safety plans, inconsistent handling of traffic safety strategies, poor involvement of NGOs, poor coordination between various stakeholders, poor research involvement in the traffic safety crises and limited post accident rehabilitation centres. Keywords: traffic safety, roadway deaths, fatality rates, GCC, EU.
The Human Factors of Transport Signs, 2004
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences, 2004
This study investigates the association between drivers' characteristics and their speed citation... more This study investigates the association between drivers' characteristics and their speed citation involvement. Besides driving experience and accident involvement, the studied characteristics include monthly income, age, level of education, marital status and gender type. In order to model the above parameters; regression analysis was carried out to data gathered from 4774 drivers from five Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The data were collected using a questionnaire involving short answers on the required characteristics. Official records were not possible to be used since they do not properly represent the actual drivers' population, simply because of the considerable amount of tickets issued to the owners of the vehicles rather than to the violating drivers. However, the gathered data on speed citations were possible to be compared indirectly with that officially published. The two matched reasonably well. The final developed model showed drivers' age, accident involvement, and monthly income to be significantly associated with speed citation involvement. Age showed a negative association and the other two parameters showed positive associations. In the presence of these variables, all the remaining variables become unbalanced and are automatically removed form the model. In the absence of age, driving experience and level of education become significant. The former is negatively associated with speed citations and the latter positively. The findings are believed to be important for law enforcers, driving rehabilitators, insurance decision makers, and traffic policy makers.