Esam Abed | University of Babylon (original) (raw)

Papers by Esam Abed

The Iraqi Journal For Mechanical And Material Engineering, 2015

The objective of this work is to gain insight into liquid-liquid annular flow, two-component Iraq... more The objective of this work is to gain insight into liquid-liquid annular flow, two-component Iraqi gasoil-water flow lengths in horizontal circular transparent pipe of 32mm inner diameter and 6m length, experiments done at atmospheric condition with oil and water as the working fluids. The flow patterns that appear are classified in flow pattern maps as functions of either mixture velocity and water cut or superficial velocities. The superficial water velocity ranged from 1.69 m/s to 3.38 m/s with superficial oil velocity around 0.39 m/s to 1.58 m/s. The effects of superficial water velocity, superficial oil velocity on annular flow lengths were taken into account. However, the essentials of the problem involve the determination of the pressure gradient. In this experimental work a video camera "high speed camera" system with image processing technique by MATLAB were used to extract the hold up for the fluid that being the annular flow. The theoretical study was executed using fluent program, a modified turbulent diffusion model is adopted. Simulation results show more physical predictions with respect to the particle deposition process and concentration profile. New data for hold up lengths were found which achieved good agreements with the previous works. ‫ﺍﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ (‫)ﺯﻳﺖ-ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒد‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤر‬ ‫اء‬ ‫زﻫر‬ ‫ﻋﺒد‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤد‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬ : ‫ﺴﺎﺌﻝ-ﺴﺎﺌﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎﺌﻌﻴن‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﺠر‬ ‫اﻟطور‬ ‫ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﺠر‬ ‫اﺴﺔ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻀوء‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻠﻴط‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻝ‬ ‫ﻤن‬ ‫اﻟﻬدف‬ ‫داﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻘطر‬ ‫ﺸﻔﺎف‬ ‫أﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻨﺒوب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ 32 ‫وطوﻝ‬ ‫ﻤﻠم‬ 6 ‫م‬ , ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟطﺒﻴﻌﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟظروف‬ ‫ﺘﺤت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب‬ ‫ﻴت‬ ‫أﺠر‬ ‫ﻟﻘد‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺌﻠﻴن‬ ‫ﻴن‬ ‫ﻛطور‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺌﻌﻴن‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨدام‬. ‫ﻛﻤﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬ ‫وﺘﻛون‬ ‫ﻴﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺠر‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أﻨو‬ ‫ﺘوﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻴطﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺨر‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻨﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺘظﻬر‬ ‫ﻴﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺠر‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻴط‬ ‫ﻟﺴرﻋﺔ‬. ‫ﻤن‬ ‫اوح‬ ‫ﻴﺘر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺴرﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌدﻝ‬ 1.69 ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫م/ﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ 3.38 ‫ﻤن‬ ‫اوح‬ ‫ﻴﺘر‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔط‬ ‫ﺴرﻋﺔ‬ ‫وﻤﻌدﻝ‬ ‫م/ﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ 0.39 ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫م/ﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ 1.58 ‫م/ﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬. ‫اﻟدﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼوﻴر‬ ‫اﺼﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻤو‬ ‫وذات‬ ‫اﻟﺴرﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻤﻴر‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨدام‬ ‫ﺘﺼوﻴري‬ ‫ﻨظﺎم‬ ‫اﺴﺘﺨدام‬ ‫ﺘم‬ ‫اﺴطﺔ‬ ‫ﺒو‬ ‫اﻟﺼور‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ MATLAP ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴذ‬ ‫ﺘم‬ .‫أﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺘدﻓق‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺌﻝ-اﻟﺴﺎﺌﻝ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻨظر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼوﻝ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫اﻟﻬدف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻠوﻨت‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒر‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨدام‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨظر‬ ‫اﺴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟدر‬ CFD ‫ﺘظﻬر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ .‫اﻟﻤﺤﺴن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀطرب‬ ‫اﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﻨﻤوذج‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫أوﺠدﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﻓق‬ ‫ﺘﺘو‬ ‫ﺠدﻴدة‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺜور‬ ‫ﺘم‬ .‫اﻟﺘرﻛﻴز‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺘرﺴب‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺨص‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫أﻛﺜر‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘوﻗﻌﺎت‬ .‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜون‬

The Iraqi Journal For Mechanical And Material Engineering, 2017

This study present experimental and numerical analysis of airflow distribution through surgery op... more This study present experimental and numerical analysis of airflow distribution through surgery operating room by using CANOPY. The experimental work include an experimental operating room in laboratory of Babylon University. Two cases were taken in analysis of air distribution. Both cases have a ceiling air supply system and the different between then was in design of air supply system. Both cases consist of patient bed, surgical staff around, overhead light, surgical light and electrical devices. Air is exhausted through four exhaust grills located in four corners at latitude about 0.25 m from ground. In numerical work a three-dimensional model of the experimental operating room was developed in Gambit and analyzed in FLUEN6.3.26.The results showed that ceiling system is a good ventilation system for air distribution in operating room. Curtain air system gave more protection from laminar flow system where isolate the patient bed from the rest of the room and air velocity above the patient be low. FLUENT program give a good and close results to reality .Good agreement between numerical and experimental results was obtained inside experimental operating room.

ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2018

The model of energy transport is designed to include the fusion effects by using a moving boundar... more The model of energy transport is designed to include the fusion effects by using a moving boundary problem. This model allows accounting for both high order temperature gradients and state of non-equilibrium, this prompts further realistic determination the distribution of temperature within the work-piece. The model has been employed to simulate the evolution of spatial temperature distribution within the target materials when irradiated with both CW and pulsed laser. This model explains the welding process in terms of the velocity of fusion surface (V *) which has been calculated as a function of power intensity. The zone of fusion dimensions, and the heat affected zone are illustrated of target metal with phase transformation under the incident power intensity in a range of 10 5 W/cm 2. A new scheme of welding mechanism has been implemented. This scheme is based on switching from the transient model of welding to continuous welding (steady state), using a lagging method in explicit technique. This method gives more stable solution through a computer program, which calculates the temperature distribution from a moving work-piece.

International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 2016

In the present study, phase change of refrigerant flow through capillary tube under adiabatic con... more In the present study, phase change of refrigerant flow through capillary tube under adiabatic conditions has been studied based on computational fluid dynamics technique. Eulerian multiphase flow Homogeneous equilibrium model along with thermal phase change based on mass transfer mechanism was used for simulation of refrigerant flow through adiabatic straight capillary tube. The effect of various design parameter such condensation pressure, capillary tube length and capillary tube diameter on the flashing inception point has been discussed numerically. The numerical model based on finite volume method using turbulence model gives the behavior of refrigerant properties such as field of pressure, temperature, dryness fraction, void fraction and velocity along the distance of capillary tube which helps in the understanding of beginning of vaporization phenomenon. The present numerical model has been validated with the others models and a good agreement are obtained which can be lead to depend up on ANSYS CFX 16.1 in design and optimization of capillary tube of refrigeration industry.

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 2014

There is a strong tendency for two immiscible fluids to arrange themselves so that the low viscos... more There is a strong tendency for two immiscible fluids to arrange themselves so that the low viscosity constituent is
in the region of high share. Therefore, it may be possible to introduce a beneficial effect in any flow of a very viscous liquid by
introducing amount of a fluid lubricated as liquid-liquid oil-water flow. Two main classes of flows are seen, annular and small
bubble in all experimental results. The pressure drop and mean heat-transfer coefficients were observed to depend strongly on
the flow patterns. A correlation of the two-phase mean heat-transfer coefficients, based on a simple model of liquid flow, with a
Reynolds number based on the actual mean velocity of the liquid mixture two-phase flow, were developed. An experimental
rig facility has been designed and constructed, to enable measurements of local parameters in oil-water flow in the developing
region of the flow in a 32 mm ID 6 m long pipe. The large discrepancies between model predictions and experimental data are
reported in the literature review that the physics of oil-water flow is complex and not yet fully understood. The flow patterns
that appear are classified in flow pattern maps as functions of either mixture velocity and water cut or superficial velocities.
From these experiments a smaller number of annular flows are selected for studies of velocity and turbulence. The theoretical
study was executed using software Fluent program, a modified turbulent diffusion model is presented. Simulation results
carried out with the model show more physical predictions with respect to the particle deposition process and concentration
profile. The theoretical results represent the pressure gradient distribution, velocity and mean heat transfer coefficient, pressure
contours, velocity vectors, streamlines, and also velocity profiles. It was found that the methods with more restrictions (in
terms of the applicable range of void fraction, liquid superficial Reynolds number) give better predictions.

Experimental study on flow pattern and pressure drop of three-phase oil-water-gas flow are carrie... more Experimental study on flow pattern and pressure drop of three-phase oil-water-gas flow are carried out in horizontal pipe. A total of 80 runs are conducted for oil flow rate of (7-19) l/min, with water flow rate (2-14) l/min and air flow rate (3-10) l/min. The three phases flow in horizontal Perspex pipe of 25.4 mm, and overall length of 6 m. Gasoil, water and air are used as working fluids. A video camera recording and five pressure transducer sensor with interface are used to study flow regimes and pressure drop through the test section in a pipe. The flow regime and pressure fluctuating across pipe depending on superficial oil, water and gas velocities. Three flow regimes namely stratified, plug and slug flow were observed for the oil-water-gas. Three flow regimes namely stratified, plug and slug flow were observed for the oil-water-gas. The three-phase pressure gradient increases with increasing the water superficial velocity for constant oil and gas flow rates. Also increases with increasing oil superficial velocity for fixed water and gas flow rates. Pressure gradient increases with increasing water cut at constant oil superficial velocity. Also decreases with increasing gas superficial velocity. The Flow regime maps for various oil/water ratios are compared with the previous reported studies. It shows that the experimental data are in a good agreement with the previous reported studies.

The Iraqi Journal For Mechanical And Material Engineering, 2015

The object of this work is to gaininsight into gas-liquid slug flow frequency and the slug unit l... more The object of this work is to gaininsight into gas-liquid slug flow frequency and the slug unit lengths in horizontal circular transparent pipe of 25.4mm inner diameter and 6m length, experiments done at atmospheric condition with air and water as the working fluids. The superficial gas velocity ranged from 3.947 m/s to 6.579 ms with superficial liquid velocity around 0.986 m/s and 1.974 ms. The effects of superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity on slug frequency and slug unit lengths were taken into account. However, the essentials of the problem involve the determination of the slug frequency and slug unit length.In this experimental work a video camera system with image processing technique by MATLAB were used to extract the slug frequency and the slug unit lengths, which contain slug body length and Taylor bubble length or film region length. New data for slug frequency and slug unit lengths were found which achieved good agreements with the previous works.

The hydrodynamic behavior of two-phase gas-liquid stratified flow in long horizontal pipes was nu... more The hydrodynamic behavior of two-phase gas-liquid stratified flow in long horizontal pipes was
numerically simulated. The simulation carried out with computational fluid dynamics CFD software
FLUENT and the Volume of Fluid VOF model. The geometry represented by 25.4 mm diameter and 6 m
length pipe, the mesh has been accomplished by using the industrial level mesh generation tool Gambit.
The effect of mesh resolution on the stratification process was discussed. Simulation results show that mesh
structure plays a dominant role in the separation of the two phases and speeding up the appearance of
waves to form wavy stratified flow later. Two types of cell structure examined here which are simple
cylinder mesh and O-grid mesh and discovered that the O-grid mesh type is the best. This study to be
available; a clear comparison of the stratified flow pressure drop phenomenon with other experimental
studies are accomplished and getting an agreement in this field.

Based on the image processing technique, this experimental work was introduced the study of gas-l... more Based on the image processing technique, this experimental work was introduced the study of gas-liquid slug flow in horizontal circular transparent pipe of 25.4 mm inner diameter and 6 m length, experiments done at atmospheric condition where the working fluids are air as gas phase and gasoil as liquid phase; the study was focused on the flow special parameters such as Taylor bubble velocity and void fraction and relating them to other slug unit parameters such as slug unit length and slug frequency. The gas superficial velocity ranged from 3.947 m/s to 6.579 ms with liquid superficial velocity around 0.986 m/s and 1.974 ms which are mixed to from mixture velocity range of 4.934 m/s to 8.552 m/s. Video camera system with image processing technique by MATLAB was used to extract the flow parameters in this work. The effects of gas and liquid superficial velocities on the behavior of Taylor bubble velocity and void fraction were studied. On the other hand comparison of the resulted data with other previous studies was accomplished.

Journal of Babylon University/Engineering Sciences, 2013

The experimental results of flow pattern and pressure drop of gas–liquid flow in inclined pipe ar... more The experimental results of flow pattern and pressure drop of gas–liquid flow in inclined pipe are presented. The diameter of test section is 50 mm, and overall length of 4 m. The inclination angle of the test section is 30o. Air and water are used as working fluids. The gas superficial velocity and liquid superficial velocity are varied in a range of (1.358142-5.432568) m/s and (0.169764-1.527884) m/s, respectively. The pressure drop along the test section of the pipe is also measured. The characterization of flow patterns is achieved via visual observations and by analysis of local pressure measurements. The observed flow patterns are presented in terms of flow pattern maps for pipe inclination. The slug two-phase flow patterns are observed in the experiments. A video camera recording and pressure transducer sensor with interface are used to study flow regimes and pressure drop through test section. The following flow regimes, depending on the superficial liquid and gas velocities are observed. The flow regime and pressure fluctuating across pipe depending on superficial liquid and gas velocities. It noted that the pressure decreases with distance along pipe when gas superficial velocity increased and also increased liquid superficial velocity.

Volume of Fluid (VOF) model is used to simulate two-phase liquid-liquid flow in horizontal pipes,... more Volume of Fluid (VOF) model is used to simulate two-phase liquid-liquid flow in horizontal pipes, the working liquids is oil as the primary phase and water as the secondary phase. This study considered the effect of mesh resolution and the secondary phase volume fraction on the phase inversion point and the resulted two phase distribution. In the present work, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology is developed to simulate the core-annular flow for both types of meshes. The simulations were carried out using the software package Fluent 6.3.26, which is designed for numerical simulation of fluid flow. The model consisted of a cylindrical horizontal pipe; the mesh has been accomplished by using the industrial level mesh generation tool Gambit 2.3.16. The results showed that the mesh structure is the key role in the phase distribution and found that the volume fraction determined the inversion point. The results were validated with the research experimental data for the spatial distribution of oil-water core-annular flow.

The Iraqi Journal For Mechanical And Material Engineering, 2017

The purpose of this paper is to study the two-phase flow around hydrofoil. Experimental studies h... more The purpose of this paper is to study the two-phase flow around hydrofoil. Experimental studies have been conducted in a channel with air-water flow for different angles of hydrofoil with different air and water discharges. The paper describes experiments carried out in the channel with the rectangular test section of 100 x 30 x 800 mm. The maximum inlet velocity at the test section for air is 1.115 m/s and for water is 0.022 m/s. These experiments have been aimed to visualize the two phase flow phenomena as well as to studies effect of pressure difference through channel with hydrofoil.
All sets of flow data in this study were obtained using pressure transducer and visualization by video camera and recorded at multiple angles of attack (0o,15o and 25o) and different Water discharge (l/min) (20, 25, 35 and 45) and different air discharge (l/min) (10, 20, 30 and 40). When (α=0°) the flow is parallel to the hydrofoil surface and there is no vortex shedding behind the hydrofoil. When (α=15°) the flow separates from the upper-surface and the separation point moves towards the leading edge of the hydrofoil as the air water discharges increases. When the angle of hydrofoil (α=25°), the flow separates near the leading edge of the upper surface and large eddies are shed from both the upper and lower surfaces. For constant water discharge, the pressure difference increased with increased air discharge with the same angle of hydrofoil

The Iraqi Journal For Mechanical And Material Engineering, 2015

The objective of this work is to gain insight into liquid-liquid annular flow, two-component Iraq... more The objective of this work is to gain insight into liquid-liquid annular flow, two-component Iraqi gasoil-water flow lengths in horizontal circular transparent pipe of 32mm inner diameter and 6m length, experiments done at atmospheric condition with oil and water as the working fluids. The flow patterns that appear are classified in flow pattern maps as functions of either mixture velocity and water cut or superficial velocities. The superficial water velocity ranged from 1.69 m/s to 3.38 m/s with superficial oil velocity around 0.39 m/s to 1.58 m/s. The effects of superficial water velocity, superficial oil velocity on annular flow lengths were taken into account. However, the essentials of the problem involve the determination of the pressure gradient. In this experimental work a video camera "high speed camera" system with image processing technique by MATLAB were used to extract the hold up for the fluid that being the annular flow. The theoretical study was executed using fluent program, a modified turbulent diffusion model is adopted. Simulation results show more physical predictions with respect to the particle deposition process and concentration profile. New data for hold up lengths were found which achieved good agreements with the previous works. ‫ﺍﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ (‫)ﺯﻳﺖ-ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒد‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤر‬ ‫اء‬ ‫زﻫر‬ ‫ﻋﺒد‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤد‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬ : ‫ﺴﺎﺌﻝ-ﺴﺎﺌﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎﺌﻌﻴن‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﺠر‬ ‫اﻟطور‬ ‫ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﺠر‬ ‫اﺴﺔ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻀوء‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻠﻴط‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻝ‬ ‫ﻤن‬ ‫اﻟﻬدف‬ ‫داﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻘطر‬ ‫ﺸﻔﺎف‬ ‫أﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻨﺒوب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ 32 ‫وطوﻝ‬ ‫ﻤﻠم‬ 6 ‫م‬ , ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟطﺒﻴﻌﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟظروف‬ ‫ﺘﺤت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب‬ ‫ﻴت‬ ‫أﺠر‬ ‫ﻟﻘد‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺌﻠﻴن‬ ‫ﻴن‬ ‫ﻛطور‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺌﻌﻴن‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨدام‬. ‫ﻛﻤﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬ ‫وﺘﻛون‬ ‫ﻴﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺠر‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أﻨو‬ ‫ﺘوﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻴطﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺨر‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻨﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺘظﻬر‬ ‫ﻴﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺠر‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻴط‬ ‫ﻟﺴرﻋﺔ‬. ‫ﻤن‬ ‫اوح‬ ‫ﻴﺘر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺴرﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌدﻝ‬ 1.69 ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫م/ﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ 3.38 ‫ﻤن‬ ‫اوح‬ ‫ﻴﺘر‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔط‬ ‫ﺴرﻋﺔ‬ ‫وﻤﻌدﻝ‬ ‫م/ﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ 0.39 ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫م/ﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ 1.58 ‫م/ﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬. ‫اﻟدﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼوﻴر‬ ‫اﺼﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻤو‬ ‫وذات‬ ‫اﻟﺴرﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻤﻴر‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨدام‬ ‫ﺘﺼوﻴري‬ ‫ﻨظﺎم‬ ‫اﺴﺘﺨدام‬ ‫ﺘم‬ ‫اﺴطﺔ‬ ‫ﺒو‬ ‫اﻟﺼور‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ MATLAP ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴذ‬ ‫ﺘم‬ .‫أﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺘدﻓق‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺌﻝ-اﻟﺴﺎﺌﻝ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﻨظر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼوﻝ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫اﻟﻬدف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻠوﻨت‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒر‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨدام‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨظر‬ ‫اﺴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟدر‬ CFD ‫ﺘظﻬر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ .‫اﻟﻤﺤﺴن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀطرب‬ ‫اﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﻨﻤوذج‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫أوﺠدﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﻓق‬ ‫ﺘﺘو‬ ‫ﺠدﻴدة‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺜور‬ ‫ﺘم‬ .‫اﻟﺘرﻛﻴز‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺘرﺴب‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺨص‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫أﻛﺜر‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘوﻗﻌﺎت‬ .‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜون‬

The Iraqi Journal For Mechanical And Material Engineering, 2017

This study present experimental and numerical analysis of airflow distribution through surgery op... more This study present experimental and numerical analysis of airflow distribution through surgery operating room by using CANOPY. The experimental work include an experimental operating room in laboratory of Babylon University. Two cases were taken in analysis of air distribution. Both cases have a ceiling air supply system and the different between then was in design of air supply system. Both cases consist of patient bed, surgical staff around, overhead light, surgical light and electrical devices. Air is exhausted through four exhaust grills located in four corners at latitude about 0.25 m from ground. In numerical work a three-dimensional model of the experimental operating room was developed in Gambit and analyzed in FLUEN6.3.26.The results showed that ceiling system is a good ventilation system for air distribution in operating room. Curtain air system gave more protection from laminar flow system where isolate the patient bed from the rest of the room and air velocity above the patient be low. FLUENT program give a good and close results to reality .Good agreement between numerical and experimental results was obtained inside experimental operating room.

ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2018

The model of energy transport is designed to include the fusion effects by using a moving boundar... more The model of energy transport is designed to include the fusion effects by using a moving boundary problem. This model allows accounting for both high order temperature gradients and state of non-equilibrium, this prompts further realistic determination the distribution of temperature within the work-piece. The model has been employed to simulate the evolution of spatial temperature distribution within the target materials when irradiated with both CW and pulsed laser. This model explains the welding process in terms of the velocity of fusion surface (V *) which has been calculated as a function of power intensity. The zone of fusion dimensions, and the heat affected zone are illustrated of target metal with phase transformation under the incident power intensity in a range of 10 5 W/cm 2. A new scheme of welding mechanism has been implemented. This scheme is based on switching from the transient model of welding to continuous welding (steady state), using a lagging method in explicit technique. This method gives more stable solution through a computer program, which calculates the temperature distribution from a moving work-piece.

International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 2016

In the present study, phase change of refrigerant flow through capillary tube under adiabatic con... more In the present study, phase change of refrigerant flow through capillary tube under adiabatic conditions has been studied based on computational fluid dynamics technique. Eulerian multiphase flow Homogeneous equilibrium model along with thermal phase change based on mass transfer mechanism was used for simulation of refrigerant flow through adiabatic straight capillary tube. The effect of various design parameter such condensation pressure, capillary tube length and capillary tube diameter on the flashing inception point has been discussed numerically. The numerical model based on finite volume method using turbulence model gives the behavior of refrigerant properties such as field of pressure, temperature, dryness fraction, void fraction and velocity along the distance of capillary tube which helps in the understanding of beginning of vaporization phenomenon. The present numerical model has been validated with the others models and a good agreement are obtained which can be lead to depend up on ANSYS CFX 16.1 in design and optimization of capillary tube of refrigeration industry.

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 2014

There is a strong tendency for two immiscible fluids to arrange themselves so that the low viscos... more There is a strong tendency for two immiscible fluids to arrange themselves so that the low viscosity constituent is
in the region of high share. Therefore, it may be possible to introduce a beneficial effect in any flow of a very viscous liquid by
introducing amount of a fluid lubricated as liquid-liquid oil-water flow. Two main classes of flows are seen, annular and small
bubble in all experimental results. The pressure drop and mean heat-transfer coefficients were observed to depend strongly on
the flow patterns. A correlation of the two-phase mean heat-transfer coefficients, based on a simple model of liquid flow, with a
Reynolds number based on the actual mean velocity of the liquid mixture two-phase flow, were developed. An experimental
rig facility has been designed and constructed, to enable measurements of local parameters in oil-water flow in the developing
region of the flow in a 32 mm ID 6 m long pipe. The large discrepancies between model predictions and experimental data are
reported in the literature review that the physics of oil-water flow is complex and not yet fully understood. The flow patterns
that appear are classified in flow pattern maps as functions of either mixture velocity and water cut or superficial velocities.
From these experiments a smaller number of annular flows are selected for studies of velocity and turbulence. The theoretical
study was executed using software Fluent program, a modified turbulent diffusion model is presented. Simulation results
carried out with the model show more physical predictions with respect to the particle deposition process and concentration
profile. The theoretical results represent the pressure gradient distribution, velocity and mean heat transfer coefficient, pressure
contours, velocity vectors, streamlines, and also velocity profiles. It was found that the methods with more restrictions (in
terms of the applicable range of void fraction, liquid superficial Reynolds number) give better predictions.

Experimental study on flow pattern and pressure drop of three-phase oil-water-gas flow are carrie... more Experimental study on flow pattern and pressure drop of three-phase oil-water-gas flow are carried out in horizontal pipe. A total of 80 runs are conducted for oil flow rate of (7-19) l/min, with water flow rate (2-14) l/min and air flow rate (3-10) l/min. The three phases flow in horizontal Perspex pipe of 25.4 mm, and overall length of 6 m. Gasoil, water and air are used as working fluids. A video camera recording and five pressure transducer sensor with interface are used to study flow regimes and pressure drop through the test section in a pipe. The flow regime and pressure fluctuating across pipe depending on superficial oil, water and gas velocities. Three flow regimes namely stratified, plug and slug flow were observed for the oil-water-gas. Three flow regimes namely stratified, plug and slug flow were observed for the oil-water-gas. The three-phase pressure gradient increases with increasing the water superficial velocity for constant oil and gas flow rates. Also increases with increasing oil superficial velocity for fixed water and gas flow rates. Pressure gradient increases with increasing water cut at constant oil superficial velocity. Also decreases with increasing gas superficial velocity. The Flow regime maps for various oil/water ratios are compared with the previous reported studies. It shows that the experimental data are in a good agreement with the previous reported studies.

The Iraqi Journal For Mechanical And Material Engineering, 2015

The object of this work is to gaininsight into gas-liquid slug flow frequency and the slug unit l... more The object of this work is to gaininsight into gas-liquid slug flow frequency and the slug unit lengths in horizontal circular transparent pipe of 25.4mm inner diameter and 6m length, experiments done at atmospheric condition with air and water as the working fluids. The superficial gas velocity ranged from 3.947 m/s to 6.579 ms with superficial liquid velocity around 0.986 m/s and 1.974 ms. The effects of superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity on slug frequency and slug unit lengths were taken into account. However, the essentials of the problem involve the determination of the slug frequency and slug unit length.In this experimental work a video camera system with image processing technique by MATLAB were used to extract the slug frequency and the slug unit lengths, which contain slug body length and Taylor bubble length or film region length. New data for slug frequency and slug unit lengths were found which achieved good agreements with the previous works.

The hydrodynamic behavior of two-phase gas-liquid stratified flow in long horizontal pipes was nu... more The hydrodynamic behavior of two-phase gas-liquid stratified flow in long horizontal pipes was
numerically simulated. The simulation carried out with computational fluid dynamics CFD software
FLUENT and the Volume of Fluid VOF model. The geometry represented by 25.4 mm diameter and 6 m
length pipe, the mesh has been accomplished by using the industrial level mesh generation tool Gambit.
The effect of mesh resolution on the stratification process was discussed. Simulation results show that mesh
structure plays a dominant role in the separation of the two phases and speeding up the appearance of
waves to form wavy stratified flow later. Two types of cell structure examined here which are simple
cylinder mesh and O-grid mesh and discovered that the O-grid mesh type is the best. This study to be
available; a clear comparison of the stratified flow pressure drop phenomenon with other experimental
studies are accomplished and getting an agreement in this field.

Based on the image processing technique, this experimental work was introduced the study of gas-l... more Based on the image processing technique, this experimental work was introduced the study of gas-liquid slug flow in horizontal circular transparent pipe of 25.4 mm inner diameter and 6 m length, experiments done at atmospheric condition where the working fluids are air as gas phase and gasoil as liquid phase; the study was focused on the flow special parameters such as Taylor bubble velocity and void fraction and relating them to other slug unit parameters such as slug unit length and slug frequency. The gas superficial velocity ranged from 3.947 m/s to 6.579 ms with liquid superficial velocity around 0.986 m/s and 1.974 ms which are mixed to from mixture velocity range of 4.934 m/s to 8.552 m/s. Video camera system with image processing technique by MATLAB was used to extract the flow parameters in this work. The effects of gas and liquid superficial velocities on the behavior of Taylor bubble velocity and void fraction were studied. On the other hand comparison of the resulted data with other previous studies was accomplished.

Journal of Babylon University/Engineering Sciences, 2013

The experimental results of flow pattern and pressure drop of gas–liquid flow in inclined pipe ar... more The experimental results of flow pattern and pressure drop of gas–liquid flow in inclined pipe are presented. The diameter of test section is 50 mm, and overall length of 4 m. The inclination angle of the test section is 30o. Air and water are used as working fluids. The gas superficial velocity and liquid superficial velocity are varied in a range of (1.358142-5.432568) m/s and (0.169764-1.527884) m/s, respectively. The pressure drop along the test section of the pipe is also measured. The characterization of flow patterns is achieved via visual observations and by analysis of local pressure measurements. The observed flow patterns are presented in terms of flow pattern maps for pipe inclination. The slug two-phase flow patterns are observed in the experiments. A video camera recording and pressure transducer sensor with interface are used to study flow regimes and pressure drop through test section. The following flow regimes, depending on the superficial liquid and gas velocities are observed. The flow regime and pressure fluctuating across pipe depending on superficial liquid and gas velocities. It noted that the pressure decreases with distance along pipe when gas superficial velocity increased and also increased liquid superficial velocity.

Volume of Fluid (VOF) model is used to simulate two-phase liquid-liquid flow in horizontal pipes,... more Volume of Fluid (VOF) model is used to simulate two-phase liquid-liquid flow in horizontal pipes, the working liquids is oil as the primary phase and water as the secondary phase. This study considered the effect of mesh resolution and the secondary phase volume fraction on the phase inversion point and the resulted two phase distribution. In the present work, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology is developed to simulate the core-annular flow for both types of meshes. The simulations were carried out using the software package Fluent 6.3.26, which is designed for numerical simulation of fluid flow. The model consisted of a cylindrical horizontal pipe; the mesh has been accomplished by using the industrial level mesh generation tool Gambit 2.3.16. The results showed that the mesh structure is the key role in the phase distribution and found that the volume fraction determined the inversion point. The results were validated with the research experimental data for the spatial distribution of oil-water core-annular flow.

The Iraqi Journal For Mechanical And Material Engineering, 2017

The purpose of this paper is to study the two-phase flow around hydrofoil. Experimental studies h... more The purpose of this paper is to study the two-phase flow around hydrofoil. Experimental studies have been conducted in a channel with air-water flow for different angles of hydrofoil with different air and water discharges. The paper describes experiments carried out in the channel with the rectangular test section of 100 x 30 x 800 mm. The maximum inlet velocity at the test section for air is 1.115 m/s and for water is 0.022 m/s. These experiments have been aimed to visualize the two phase flow phenomena as well as to studies effect of pressure difference through channel with hydrofoil.
All sets of flow data in this study were obtained using pressure transducer and visualization by video camera and recorded at multiple angles of attack (0o,15o and 25o) and different Water discharge (l/min) (20, 25, 35 and 45) and different air discharge (l/min) (10, 20, 30 and 40). When (α=0°) the flow is parallel to the hydrofoil surface and there is no vortex shedding behind the hydrofoil. When (α=15°) the flow separates from the upper-surface and the separation point moves towards the leading edge of the hydrofoil as the air water discharges increases. When the angle of hydrofoil (α=25°), the flow separates near the leading edge of the upper surface and large eddies are shed from both the upper and lower surfaces. For constant water discharge, the pressure difference increased with increased air discharge with the same angle of hydrofoil