Jasim M . Salman | University of Babylon (original) (raw)
Papers by Jasim M . Salman
In this work, we have developed a simple method to prepare cationic chitosan hydrogel with interc... more In this work, we have developed a simple method to prepare cationic chitosan hydrogel with interconnected porous structure using freeze–thaw process and the obtained hydrogel was named FCS hydrogel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed that the synthesized hydrogel demonstrated interconnected porous structure in the range of 5–20 µm. We also showed that the FCS hydrogel exhibits pH responsiveness behavior, and demonstrated reversible swelling and de-swelling behaviors maintaining their mechanical stability. We demonstrate that the FCS hydrogel swelling capacity decreased at alkaline pH and increased with a decrease in the pH value. Besides, the FCS hydrogel presented specific surface area of 78.25 ±8.75 m2g−1, due to the cryogenic treatment of glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan hydrogel could increase the surface area and permeability of composite hydrogel and then strongly increasing the adsorption capacity. Subsequently, the FCS monolithic hydrogel tested dyes rem...
Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2014
Journal of Environmental Protection, 2016
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2022
The effects of different ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) concentrations on the fatty acid profile of the ... more The effects of different ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) concentrations on the fatty acid profile of the blue-green alga Arthrospira platensis cultured in Zarrouk’s medium to produce biodiesel were studied. Different ferrous sulfate concentrations (0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 g/L) and 0.01 g/L were examined on the biochemical composition of the alga and fatty acids profile of A. platensis. Findings revealed that the highest and lowest yields of fatty acid were 0 and 0.1 g/L FeSO4, respectively. It was also noticed an increase of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid when ferrous sulfate was between 0.05 and 0.1 g/L, while these fatty acids decreased at low concentration. Ferrous sulfate at a concentration of 0.1 g/L exhibited an increase and best yields in the following: growth rate and the shortest doubling time, chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycobiliproteins, and carotenoids. Thus, increasing the FeSO4 concentration to 0.1 g...
3RD INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF ALKAFEEL UNIVERSITY (ISCKU 2021), 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Particulate matter (PM) is a major indicator of urban air quality deterioration due to its impact... more Particulate matter (PM) is a major indicator of urban air quality deterioration due to its impact on human health, atmospheric visibility and climate change. However, sufficient data on personal exposure to air pollution is still rare or unavailable in developing countries such as Iraq. Thus, this paper investigated the personal exposure and inhalation doses of PM 1 and PM 2.5 in Al-Hillah city, Iraq, for four common motorized transportation modes, namely open windows car, closed window car, bus, and motorbike. A portable monitoring device was used to collect the data during morning and afternoon hours in two main streets in the city. A t-test examination of the obtained results showed that the mean exposure concentration for both PM 2.5 and PM 1 were significantly different in the two streets form most of the transportation modes. The difference in the means of the measured PM 1 and PM 2.5 in the morning and afternoon trips were statistically significant for all the transportation modes except for bus in 60 street. This highlights the special and temporal variation of air pollution in the city. This is largely due the deteriorated infrastructure and lack of control policies in the city. Overall, PM 2.5 and PM 1 measured exposure concentrations were higher in the morning trips than in the afternoon ones. Regardless of the time or place of measurements, closed windows cars always had the lowest exposure concentrations to PM 1 and PM 2.5. The alarming observation in this study was the high levels of PM 1 and PM 2.5 that exceeded the recommended WHO limits, and were higher than the reported concentrations in the world bank database. The study findings present preliminary data on personal exposure concentrations and inhalation doses for travelers in Al-Hillah city, which can be utilized for global studies of air contamination in countries in similar situations as Iraq and for developing local control strategies.
Biomass conversion and biorefinery
The effects of different ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4) concentrations on the fatty acid profile of the... more The effects of different ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4) concentrations on the fatty acid profile of the blue-green alga Arthrospira platensis cultured in Zarrouk's medium to produce biodiesel were studied. Different ferrous sulfate concentrations (0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 g/L) and 0.01 g/L were examined on the biochemical composition of the alga and fatty acids profile of A. platensis. Findings revealed that the highest and lowest yields of fatty acid were 0 and 0.1 g/L FeSO 4 , respectively. It was also noticed an increase of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid when ferrous sulfate was between 0.05 and 0.1 g/L, while these fatty acids decreased at low concentration. Ferrous sulfate at a concentration of 0.1 g/L exhibited an increase and best yields in the following: growth rate and the shortest doubling time, chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycobiliproteins, and carotenoids. Thus, increasing the FeSO 4 concentration to 0.1 g/L has led to the increase in fatty acid individuals, which in turn, resulted in potential enhancement of the biodiesel production from A. platensis.
AIP conference proceeding , 2022
Despite some pollution resulted from natural causes such as volcanos toxic materials and emitted ... more Despite some pollution resulted from natural causes such as volcanos toxic materials and emitted CH4 from cattle, human activities are the major cause of pollutions. industries that utilized dyes in their products is one of these regular human activities. The present study aims to remove safranin O from aqueous solution by utilizing green macroalgae Cladophora sp. as a zero-cost biosorbent. Cladophora sp. was collected from the nearby Al-hillah river at Babylon city, Iraq. The biosorption was carried out in a batch system with the same contact time, adsorbent dosage, as well as dye concentration. Two types of activation processes were utilized. The findings stated that the acidic activation indicated high removal of Safranin O with 96.9%. Other activations were 93.1% and 90.1 for thermal activation and non-activated adsorbent, respectively.
Abstract: This study was conducted to reveal possible environmental effects on the Euphrates Rive... more Abstract: This study was conducted to reveal possible environmental effects on the Euphrates River from the Al-Hindiya barrage to the downstream end of AlKufa city in the middle of Iraq. Seven sites were selected along the study area and sampled during March 2004 to February 2005. We measured physical and chemical properties (air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, TSS and dissolved oxygen) as well as, concentration and distribution of some heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in both dissolved and particulate phases, in the water and sediments (exchangeable and residual phases). The studied area was slightly alkaline, with very hard water and high BOD 5 . The nutrients showed clear seasonal fluctuations in their concentrations. It was shown that the concentrations of metals in the particulate phase were higher than those in dissolved phase in water. In sediments, the mean concentrations of heavy metals as exchangeable phase were less than in the...
This investigation was designed to study the seasonal variation of biochemical markers (Total pro... more This investigation was designed to study the seasonal variation of biochemical markers (Total protein, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Acetylcholinesterase and Metallothioneins ) in two species of Molluscs(Viviparus bengalensis and Corbicula fluminea from two sites of Al-Hilla river, the results have recorded seasonal variations of totalprotein (17.2,11.9mg/g),Vitamin C (6.8,7.2µg/mg),VitaminE(11.8,12.1µg/mg),Acetylcholinesterase(48.3,50.3nmol/min./mg), and Metallothionein (53.8, 42.3 µg/g) in snail & Clam respectively with highest concentration in digestive gland than gills. The highest values for all biochemical markers have recorded during spring and summer season 2011.
The current study deal with biological response to fresh water green algae Chlorella vulgaris, du... more The current study deal with biological response to fresh water green algae Chlorella vulgaris, due to its exposure to some environmental effects, which included different concentrations of nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) and the possibility of using these biological indicators as a tool to assess the potential environmental impact. Chlorella vulgaris was treated with concentrations of nitrates (10, 15, 20) mg /l and phosphate (0.1, 0.5, 1) and the experiments lasted for 14 days during which many physiological and biochemical parameters were this included growth curve, doubling time, photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll-a and carotenoids), as well as measuring variation in total protein and carbohydrates, as well as studying the effect of previous factors on some enzymatic parameters such as Catalase, SOD and ROS and the results were recorded in (1 days, 7 days, 14 days). Measured in the algae under test, the maximum growth rate was 1.365 during 10th day with 20mg/l NO3 treatment...
The present work aims to investigate the removal of dye and Congo red dye from aqueous solutions ... more The present work aims to investigate the removal of dye and Congo red dye from aqueous solutions by low cost neutral adsorbents, eco-friendly, highly efficient such as barnacle shells under various experimental conditions, as an ideal alternative to the current expensive methods of removing dyes from waste water The operating variables such as The effect of dye concentrations, contact time, pH of solution and adsorbent dose on the removal of dyes were optimized.
Ethanol fuel or ethyl alcohol is an alternative to gasoline; it can be used as additive to gasoli... more Ethanol fuel or ethyl alcohol is an alternative to gasoline; it can be used as additive to gasoline, and also as a feed chemical in the transesterification process for biodiesel. A number of bio feed stocks are currently being experimented for biofuel production; algae have emerged as one of the most promising sources for biofuel production. The locally isolated microalga chlorella vulgaris was used in the current study to test their ability to production bioethanol through stimulated in different nitrogen concentration treatments (0, 4, 8, 12 g/l), and effect of nitrogen concentrations on the content of primary products (carbohydrate and protein), also the yield of bioethanol. The growth curves of C. vulgaris were different among the treatments. The stationary phase was identified as day 5, 9, 12 and 14 in treatments 0, 4, 8 and 12 g/l nitrogen respectively. The growth rate (K) increased from 0.14 to 0.20 for the treatments 8 g/l and 0 g/l respectively. The shortest doubling time (...
The present study discusses spatial and temporal di stribution of aquatic oligochaetes community ... more The present study discusses spatial and temporal di stribution of aquatic oligochaetes community as sorted from macrobenthic fauna collected during River Euphrates in Iraq. Extending from Al-Musayab distri ct ( S1), Saddat Al-Hindiah district (S2) to Al-Hindiah district ( S3) . Twelve species of oligochaetes ( 9 genera ; 3 fami lies) were determined during study period . Highest individual number were recor ded in S3 ( 9954.56 ind../m2) during Jan. 2014 and the lowest number were recorded in S3 ( 222.2 ind./m2 ) during Oct.2013. The highest average monthly dencity was recorded during Dec. 2013 and Jan 2014, while the highest site average density was recorded in S3 . Tubificid worms made up the majority component of aquatic oligocheata in investigated area of the river specially Limnodrilu s spp. which include four species Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Claparede1862), L. clapar edeians (Ratzal 1869), L. profundicola (Verrill,1871 ) L. udekemianus (Clapa rede1862). Stylaria lacustris was ...
Journal of Waste Water Treatment & Analysis, 2011
This study was designed to detect the effect of heavy metals on DNA characteristics in common car... more This study was designed to detect the effect of heavy metals on DNA characteristics in common carp (Cyprenus carpio L.). Three concentrations (1ppm, 1.5ppm, 2ppm) have been selected for copper & cadmium respectively with acute exposure (96 hrs.). The results showed that high LT50 found in 1.5ppm while the lowest value of LT50 recorded in 2ppm. DNA damage fluctuated according to different exposure concentrations, therefore some lanes showed high fragmentation than another in both Fin and superficial tissues. Also, DNA extracted from fin is most fragmented than superficial tissues and Common carp DNA is more sensitive to low concentrations of heavy metals.
Despite some pollution resulted from natural causes such as volcanos toxic materials and emitted ... more Despite some pollution resulted from natural causes such as volcanos toxic materials and emitted CH4 from cattle, human activities are the major cause of pollutions. industries that utilized dyes in their products is one of these regular human activities. The present study aims to remove safranin O from aqueous solution by utilizing green macroalgae Cladophora sp. as a zero-cost biosorbent. Cladophora sp. was collected from the nearby Al-hillah river at Babylon city, Iraq. The biosorption was carried out in a batch system with the same contact time, adsorbent dosage, as well as dye concentration. Two types of activation processes were utilized. The findings stated that the acidic activation indicated high removal of Safranin O with 96.9%. Other activations were 93.1% and 90.1 for thermal activation and non-activated adsorbent, respectively.
In this work, we have developed a simple method to prepare cationic chitosan hydrogel with interc... more In this work, we have developed a simple method to prepare cationic chitosan hydrogel with interconnected porous structure using freeze–thaw process and the obtained hydrogel was named FCS hydrogel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed that the synthesized hydrogel demonstrated interconnected porous structure in the range of 5–20 µm. We also showed that the FCS hydrogel exhibits pH responsiveness behavior, and demonstrated reversible swelling and de-swelling behaviors maintaining their mechanical stability. We demonstrate that the FCS hydrogel swelling capacity decreased at alkaline pH and increased with a decrease in the pH value. Besides, the FCS hydrogel presented specific surface area of 78.25 ±8.75 m2g−1, due to the cryogenic treatment of glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan hydrogel could increase the surface area and permeability of composite hydrogel and then strongly increasing the adsorption capacity. Subsequently, the FCS monolithic hydrogel tested dyes rem...
Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2014
Journal of Environmental Protection, 2016
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2022
The effects of different ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) concentrations on the fatty acid profile of the ... more The effects of different ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) concentrations on the fatty acid profile of the blue-green alga Arthrospira platensis cultured in Zarrouk’s medium to produce biodiesel were studied. Different ferrous sulfate concentrations (0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 g/L) and 0.01 g/L were examined on the biochemical composition of the alga and fatty acids profile of A. platensis. Findings revealed that the highest and lowest yields of fatty acid were 0 and 0.1 g/L FeSO4, respectively. It was also noticed an increase of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid when ferrous sulfate was between 0.05 and 0.1 g/L, while these fatty acids decreased at low concentration. Ferrous sulfate at a concentration of 0.1 g/L exhibited an increase and best yields in the following: growth rate and the shortest doubling time, chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycobiliproteins, and carotenoids. Thus, increasing the FeSO4 concentration to 0.1 g...
3RD INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF ALKAFEEL UNIVERSITY (ISCKU 2021), 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Particulate matter (PM) is a major indicator of urban air quality deterioration due to its impact... more Particulate matter (PM) is a major indicator of urban air quality deterioration due to its impact on human health, atmospheric visibility and climate change. However, sufficient data on personal exposure to air pollution is still rare or unavailable in developing countries such as Iraq. Thus, this paper investigated the personal exposure and inhalation doses of PM 1 and PM 2.5 in Al-Hillah city, Iraq, for four common motorized transportation modes, namely open windows car, closed window car, bus, and motorbike. A portable monitoring device was used to collect the data during morning and afternoon hours in two main streets in the city. A t-test examination of the obtained results showed that the mean exposure concentration for both PM 2.5 and PM 1 were significantly different in the two streets form most of the transportation modes. The difference in the means of the measured PM 1 and PM 2.5 in the morning and afternoon trips were statistically significant for all the transportation modes except for bus in 60 street. This highlights the special and temporal variation of air pollution in the city. This is largely due the deteriorated infrastructure and lack of control policies in the city. Overall, PM 2.5 and PM 1 measured exposure concentrations were higher in the morning trips than in the afternoon ones. Regardless of the time or place of measurements, closed windows cars always had the lowest exposure concentrations to PM 1 and PM 2.5. The alarming observation in this study was the high levels of PM 1 and PM 2.5 that exceeded the recommended WHO limits, and were higher than the reported concentrations in the world bank database. The study findings present preliminary data on personal exposure concentrations and inhalation doses for travelers in Al-Hillah city, which can be utilized for global studies of air contamination in countries in similar situations as Iraq and for developing local control strategies.
Biomass conversion and biorefinery
The effects of different ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4) concentrations on the fatty acid profile of the... more The effects of different ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4) concentrations on the fatty acid profile of the blue-green alga Arthrospira platensis cultured in Zarrouk's medium to produce biodiesel were studied. Different ferrous sulfate concentrations (0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 g/L) and 0.01 g/L were examined on the biochemical composition of the alga and fatty acids profile of A. platensis. Findings revealed that the highest and lowest yields of fatty acid were 0 and 0.1 g/L FeSO 4 , respectively. It was also noticed an increase of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid when ferrous sulfate was between 0.05 and 0.1 g/L, while these fatty acids decreased at low concentration. Ferrous sulfate at a concentration of 0.1 g/L exhibited an increase and best yields in the following: growth rate and the shortest doubling time, chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycobiliproteins, and carotenoids. Thus, increasing the FeSO 4 concentration to 0.1 g/L has led to the increase in fatty acid individuals, which in turn, resulted in potential enhancement of the biodiesel production from A. platensis.
AIP conference proceeding , 2022
Despite some pollution resulted from natural causes such as volcanos toxic materials and emitted ... more Despite some pollution resulted from natural causes such as volcanos toxic materials and emitted CH4 from cattle, human activities are the major cause of pollutions. industries that utilized dyes in their products is one of these regular human activities. The present study aims to remove safranin O from aqueous solution by utilizing green macroalgae Cladophora sp. as a zero-cost biosorbent. Cladophora sp. was collected from the nearby Al-hillah river at Babylon city, Iraq. The biosorption was carried out in a batch system with the same contact time, adsorbent dosage, as well as dye concentration. Two types of activation processes were utilized. The findings stated that the acidic activation indicated high removal of Safranin O with 96.9%. Other activations were 93.1% and 90.1 for thermal activation and non-activated adsorbent, respectively.
Abstract: This study was conducted to reveal possible environmental effects on the Euphrates Rive... more Abstract: This study was conducted to reveal possible environmental effects on the Euphrates River from the Al-Hindiya barrage to the downstream end of AlKufa city in the middle of Iraq. Seven sites were selected along the study area and sampled during March 2004 to February 2005. We measured physical and chemical properties (air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, TSS and dissolved oxygen) as well as, concentration and distribution of some heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in both dissolved and particulate phases, in the water and sediments (exchangeable and residual phases). The studied area was slightly alkaline, with very hard water and high BOD 5 . The nutrients showed clear seasonal fluctuations in their concentrations. It was shown that the concentrations of metals in the particulate phase were higher than those in dissolved phase in water. In sediments, the mean concentrations of heavy metals as exchangeable phase were less than in the...
This investigation was designed to study the seasonal variation of biochemical markers (Total pro... more This investigation was designed to study the seasonal variation of biochemical markers (Total protein, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Acetylcholinesterase and Metallothioneins ) in two species of Molluscs(Viviparus bengalensis and Corbicula fluminea from two sites of Al-Hilla river, the results have recorded seasonal variations of totalprotein (17.2,11.9mg/g),Vitamin C (6.8,7.2µg/mg),VitaminE(11.8,12.1µg/mg),Acetylcholinesterase(48.3,50.3nmol/min./mg), and Metallothionein (53.8, 42.3 µg/g) in snail & Clam respectively with highest concentration in digestive gland than gills. The highest values for all biochemical markers have recorded during spring and summer season 2011.
The current study deal with biological response to fresh water green algae Chlorella vulgaris, du... more The current study deal with biological response to fresh water green algae Chlorella vulgaris, due to its exposure to some environmental effects, which included different concentrations of nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) and the possibility of using these biological indicators as a tool to assess the potential environmental impact. Chlorella vulgaris was treated with concentrations of nitrates (10, 15, 20) mg /l and phosphate (0.1, 0.5, 1) and the experiments lasted for 14 days during which many physiological and biochemical parameters were this included growth curve, doubling time, photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll-a and carotenoids), as well as measuring variation in total protein and carbohydrates, as well as studying the effect of previous factors on some enzymatic parameters such as Catalase, SOD and ROS and the results were recorded in (1 days, 7 days, 14 days). Measured in the algae under test, the maximum growth rate was 1.365 during 10th day with 20mg/l NO3 treatment...
The present work aims to investigate the removal of dye and Congo red dye from aqueous solutions ... more The present work aims to investigate the removal of dye and Congo red dye from aqueous solutions by low cost neutral adsorbents, eco-friendly, highly efficient such as barnacle shells under various experimental conditions, as an ideal alternative to the current expensive methods of removing dyes from waste water The operating variables such as The effect of dye concentrations, contact time, pH of solution and adsorbent dose on the removal of dyes were optimized.
Ethanol fuel or ethyl alcohol is an alternative to gasoline; it can be used as additive to gasoli... more Ethanol fuel or ethyl alcohol is an alternative to gasoline; it can be used as additive to gasoline, and also as a feed chemical in the transesterification process for biodiesel. A number of bio feed stocks are currently being experimented for biofuel production; algae have emerged as one of the most promising sources for biofuel production. The locally isolated microalga chlorella vulgaris was used in the current study to test their ability to production bioethanol through stimulated in different nitrogen concentration treatments (0, 4, 8, 12 g/l), and effect of nitrogen concentrations on the content of primary products (carbohydrate and protein), also the yield of bioethanol. The growth curves of C. vulgaris were different among the treatments. The stationary phase was identified as day 5, 9, 12 and 14 in treatments 0, 4, 8 and 12 g/l nitrogen respectively. The growth rate (K) increased from 0.14 to 0.20 for the treatments 8 g/l and 0 g/l respectively. The shortest doubling time (...
The present study discusses spatial and temporal di stribution of aquatic oligochaetes community ... more The present study discusses spatial and temporal di stribution of aquatic oligochaetes community as sorted from macrobenthic fauna collected during River Euphrates in Iraq. Extending from Al-Musayab distri ct ( S1), Saddat Al-Hindiah district (S2) to Al-Hindiah district ( S3) . Twelve species of oligochaetes ( 9 genera ; 3 fami lies) were determined during study period . Highest individual number were recor ded in S3 ( 9954.56 ind../m2) during Jan. 2014 and the lowest number were recorded in S3 ( 222.2 ind./m2 ) during Oct.2013. The highest average monthly dencity was recorded during Dec. 2013 and Jan 2014, while the highest site average density was recorded in S3 . Tubificid worms made up the majority component of aquatic oligocheata in investigated area of the river specially Limnodrilu s spp. which include four species Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Claparede1862), L. clapar edeians (Ratzal 1869), L. profundicola (Verrill,1871 ) L. udekemianus (Clapa rede1862). Stylaria lacustris was ...
Journal of Waste Water Treatment & Analysis, 2011
This study was designed to detect the effect of heavy metals on DNA characteristics in common car... more This study was designed to detect the effect of heavy metals on DNA characteristics in common carp (Cyprenus carpio L.). Three concentrations (1ppm, 1.5ppm, 2ppm) have been selected for copper & cadmium respectively with acute exposure (96 hrs.). The results showed that high LT50 found in 1.5ppm while the lowest value of LT50 recorded in 2ppm. DNA damage fluctuated according to different exposure concentrations, therefore some lanes showed high fragmentation than another in both Fin and superficial tissues. Also, DNA extracted from fin is most fragmented than superficial tissues and Common carp DNA is more sensitive to low concentrations of heavy metals.
Despite some pollution resulted from natural causes such as volcanos toxic materials and emitted ... more Despite some pollution resulted from natural causes such as volcanos toxic materials and emitted CH4 from cattle, human activities are the major cause of pollutions. industries that utilized dyes in their products is one of these regular human activities. The present study aims to remove safranin O from aqueous solution by utilizing green macroalgae Cladophora sp. as a zero-cost biosorbent. Cladophora sp. was collected from the nearby Al-hillah river at Babylon city, Iraq. The biosorption was carried out in a batch system with the same contact time, adsorbent dosage, as well as dye concentration. Two types of activation processes were utilized. The findings stated that the acidic activation indicated high removal of Safranin O with 96.9%. Other activations were 93.1% and 90.1 for thermal activation and non-activated adsorbent, respectively.