Hussein B Ghalib | University of Basrah (original) (raw)

Papers by Hussein B Ghalib

This paper aims to reveal the seasonal variation of mollusc's community living in Aby lagoon ... more This paper aims to reveal the seasonal variation of mollusc's community living in Aby lagoon (Côte d'Ivoire) and abiotic variables affecting the spatial distribution of the settlement. The organisation of molluscs was recorded at thirteen (13) stations across the whole lagoon. The study was based on seasonal sampling (Long Rainy Season, Short Dry Season, Short Rainy Season and Long Dry Season) over a one year period. Each faunal sampling was coupled with <em>in situ</em> measurements of abiotic parameters and samples were also collected for granulometry analyses. A total of 20 species of mollusc belonging to 7 families (Neritidae, Thiaridae, Potamididae, Corbulidae, Donacidae, Ostreidae, Tellinidae) and 2 orders (Mesogastropoda, Eulamellibranchia) were collected. Families of Nereidae and Thiaridae with respectively 7 and 6 taxa corresponding to 35% and 30% of the species richness dominated qualitatively mollusc's communities in the lagoon. Four species includ...

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2019

Adulteration of Extra Virgin Olive Oil with olive oil and sunflower oil remained major issue in e... more Adulteration of Extra Virgin Olive Oil with olive oil and sunflower oil remained major issue in edible oil industry. Herein, rapid, sensitive and precise method for the determination of all type of tocopherols in different vegetable oils includinhg sunflower oil, olive oil and extra virgin olive oil is reported. Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) with UV detector was used for tocopherol determination. A simple, quick and sensitive method to estimate the antioxidant quantity is proposed. In this method oils were diluted in methanol and injected directly into column (no saponification procedure). Methanol and water (98:2) mixture was used as mobile phase. Three tocopherols (α, γ and δ) were detected at 292 nm wavelength with UV detector. Method had good limit of detection (LOD) (7ng/g) and reproducibility (C.V% 0.9, 0.8 and 0.4 for α, γ and δ tocopherols, respectively). Result showed the best source for α-tocopherol was sun flower oil (146.65±1.7mg/kg). Oil richest in δ-tocopherol was olive oil and δ-tocopherol was absent in extra virgin olive oil. The current study suggest the new parameter (ratio of α/γ) as first screening indicator of authenticity of purity of extra virgin olive oil for differentiation of various cultivators of same generic source

Desalination and Water Treatment, 2014

An experimental platform for horizontal-tube falling-film evaporation was set up to measure heat ... more An experimental platform for horizontal-tube falling-film evaporation was set up to measure heat transfer characteristics. Experiments were carried out to show how the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) was affected by different parameters including spray Reynolds number (Re), saturation temperature, salinity, and tube arrangement. The results revealed that the HTC increased first and then decreased with growth of Re, and the HTC of seawater decreased with increasing saturation temperature. The results also showed that the HTC of rotated square pitch was higher than triangular pitch, rotated triangular pitch, and square pitch, but the heat transfer capacity per unit volume of triangular pitch was the highest. Meanwhile, the HTC decreased during the increase of salinity.

Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology

The chief source of the oilfield scale is the mixing of incompatible waters. This study demonstra... more The chief source of the oilfield scale is the mixing of incompatible waters. This study demonstrated that mixing the reservoir of Mishrif formation (Halfaya oilfield) with six types of injection water sources, including Tigris River water, producing water formation, Gulf seawater, Marshes water, Middle Kirkuk formation water, and Main Outfall Drain water (AL-Masab AL-Aam Channel), leads to the formation of salt crusts that cause the reduction of reservoir rock permeability. According to the Piper diagram, the Mishrif formation water of all extant water samples was of the sodium chloride type (NaCl), except for HF-81, which was between (NaCl) and mix (CaMgCl) type. A geochemical simulation model of water alignment (PHREEQC) was used to simulate this problem, and it revealed the mineral scaling from mixing processes. These minerals precipitate in rock pores and clog them, which then cause damage to the petrophysical properties of the reservoir and prevent the passage of liquids. Resul...

Iraqi Journal of Science

Al- Masab AL-Aam canal (or the Main Drain) is a vital strategic project in Iraq. It collects the ... more Al- Masab AL-Aam canal (or the Main Drain) is a vital strategic project in Iraq. It collects the drain water from the agricultural lands and drains to the Arabian Gulf via Shatt Al-Basra. Fifteen water samples were collected from different sites along the course of the Al- Masab Al-Aam canal southern sector extending from Nasiriyah Basra to evaluate the hydrochemical properties. The variation of the sediment’s texture along the southern sector was investigated. The results reflected that the sediment is characterized by the presence of sand, silt, and clay. It is noted that the amount of salt in the water increases during the summer when temperatures are rising, and consequently, the evaporation rate increases. Changes in the saturation index also continuously affect the dissolution and precipitation of minerals along the river. The results of the saturation index analysis showed that the relationship between sulfate concentration and mineral saturation coefficients tends to increas...

Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences), 2008

Water, 2020

Monitoring water quality is indispensable for the identification of threats to water environment ... more Monitoring water quality is indispensable for the identification of threats to water environment and later management of water resources. Accurate monitoring and assessment of water quality have been long-term challenges. In this study, multivariate statistical techniques (MST) and water quality identification index (WQII) were applied to analyze spatiotemporal variation in water quality and determine the major pollution sources in the Qinhuai River, East China. A rotated principal component analysis (PCA) identified three potential pollution sources during the wet season (mixed pollution, physicochemical, and nonpoint sources of nutrients) and the dry season (nutrient, primary environmental, and organic sources) and they explained 81.14% of the total variances in the wet season and 78.42% of total variances in the dry season. The result of redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that population density, urbanization, and wastewater discharge are the main sources of organic pollution, whil...

Applied Water Science, 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality of Shatt Al-Arab River (SAR) and investig... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality of Shatt Al-Arab River (SAR) and investigate the influences on the variations of heavy metals levels. The surface water and bed sediments samples at four stations have been collected (4 months) during 2017–2018, and seven heavy metals (Ni2+, Cr3+, Pb2+, As3+, Hg2+, U4+ and Cd2+), as well as 11 parameters including total dissolved solids, the concentration of hydrogen ions, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, chlorides, turbidity, total hardness, electrical conductivity and alkalinity were investigated. The results indicated that the water quality in the SAR depend on the combined effects of natural and anthropogenic factors. The variation of water quality of SAR influenced by the chemical ions inflow from the Tigris River and the marine salt from Arabian Gulf. The highest value of TDS was in S4 it reached to 42,844 mg/l. The results showed that most of the ions increase their concentration by more than 200%, especially in summer season ...

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 2020

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as pyrene (PYR), are toxic to the environment. Bior... more Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as pyrene (PYR), are toxic to the environment. Bioremediation is considered a safe and economically technical approach to remove PAH from the environment. Fungi can grow on several hydrocarbons, including PYR. This study aimed to isolate and identify PYR-degrading fungus from the contaminated soil of Rumaila oilfield. Strain RF-7 was classified as a member of the Ceriporia genus on the basis of the internal transcribed spacer sequencing and the morphological properties. The growth of RF-7 at different concentrations was investigated using the microtiter plate method. The total PYR degradation by RF-7 was quantified using gas chromatography. With 20 mg/L PYR, 55.5% PYR was degraded after eight days of incubation. The co-substrate (glucose) experiment revealed that the PYR degradation efficiency of strain RF-7 can be substantially improved. After eight days of incubation, 90.5% of PYR (with a co-metabolism substrate) was degraded by RF7. Based on the above findings, the strain RF-7 can degrade PYR effectively and may be applied in remediating PAH-containing soils.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019

Bahar Al-Najaf basin is located in the western part of Al-Najaf governorate, center of Iraq. This... more Bahar Al-Najaf basin is located in the western part of Al-Najaf governorate, center of Iraq. This work was aimed to determine the water sources for marshes, water discharges and factors which causing to the rise and low of the water level in these marshes.Five sources recharge for the marshes water were detected; rainwater, Al-Dammam confined aquifer flowing wells, sieve factures, water of springs and the irrigation water.The hydrochemistry analysis was investigated for all water sources of marshes using major and minor elements (Ca, Na, K, Mg, Cl, SO4, NO3, HCO3 and Br) and field measurements such as (T, pH, EC, TDS). The hydrochemical results shows that the all sources of water are not suitable for drinking water, while it’s classified as a good to permissible water for irrigation except water of marshes. Water quality standards for livestock is vary from very good water type in the irrigation streams to the can be used in a water marshes.

Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research

Earth Systems and Environment

During the last two decades, the changes in the economic setting of the Basra province and the hy... more During the last two decades, the changes in the economic setting of the Basra province and the hydrological system of the Shatt Al-Arab River have led to significant shifts in the sources and levels of contaminants in the river. Therefore, the levels of toxic metals (Ni, Cr, Pb, As, Hg, U, and Cd) in the surface water and bed sediments at four sites have been measured to investigate the natural and anthropogenic influences that have led to these shifts. In comparison with the sediments, low concentrations and a uniform distribution of most metals were observed in the river water. The results show that the river sediments were polluted with toxic metals, while pollution levels in the water are still within permissible limits for drinking, irrigation, and aquatic life. These findings indicated that the major sources of river contamination with toxic metals are the atmospheric deposit of gaseous emissions from oil production and electric generators and the surface runoff from agricultural areas after rainfall. In addition, the tide greatly controls the distribution toxic metals in the river. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the water and sediments play an important role in the metal accumulation, while the effect of agricultural, industrial, and domestic sewage is limited. However, the water quality in the Shatt Al-Arab River reflects the combined effects of natural and anthropogenic factors.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, Jan 21, 2018

Fungi can use n-hexadecane (HXD) as a sole carbon source. But the mechanism of HXD degradation re... more Fungi can use n-hexadecane (HXD) as a sole carbon source. But the mechanism of HXD degradation remains unclear. This work mainly aimed to study the degradation of HXD by Aspergillus sp. RFC-1 obtained from oil-contaminated soil. The HXD content, medium acidification and presence of hexadecanoic acid in the medium were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and fungal growth was observed. Enzyme and gene expression assays suggested the involvement of an alkane hydroxylase, an alcohol dehydrogenase, and a P450 enzyme system in HXD degradation. A biosurfactant produced by the strain RFC-1 was also characterized. During 10 days of incubation, 86.3% of HXD was degraded by RFC-1. The highest activities of alkane hydroxylase (125.4 µmol mg protein) and alcohol dehydrogenase (12.5 µmol mg proteins) were recorded. The expression level of cytochrome P450 gene associated with oxidation was induced (from 0.94-fold to 5.45-fold) under the HXD condition by Real-time PCR analysis. In ...

RSC Adv.

Elder-originated Bifidobacterium longum strains produced more cell-surface-bound exopolysaccharid... more Elder-originated Bifidobacterium longum strains produced more cell-surface-bound exopolysaccharide (EPS-b) than infant-originated strains.

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology

The objective of this study is to integrate geographic information system and bivariate frequency... more The objective of this study is to integrate geographic information system and bivariate frequency ratio method for the mapping of flowing well zones in the west and southwest parts of the Euphrates river basin of Iraq. Ten groundwater conditioning factors are identified as controlling factors of groundwater movement based on data availability, literature review, and expert’s opinions. The spatial association between flowing well locations and groundwater controlling factors is investigated by means of a probabilistic frequency ratio approach. Seventy percent or 148 wells from an inventory of 211 flowing wells in the study area are randomly selected for training, and the remaining 30 or 63% wells are used for validation of the probabilistic frequency ratio model. The estimated probabilistic ratio values are overlaid and summed to produce the groundwater potential index map. The results reveal that groundwater potential in 128,547 km2 or 84% of the total area is very low to low. The moderate potential zone covers an area of about 11,210 km2 or 7%, while the high and very high potential zones are found in an area of 12,982 km2 or 9% of the study area. Validation of obtaining results by means of a receiver operating characteristic technique reveals that the predictive accuracy of 94% indicating the excellent performance of the proposed approach for spatial zoning of groundwater flowing well boundary at Iraqi desert.

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2017

Identifying potential sites for water harvesting (WH) is a crucial task for efficient water resou... more Identifying potential sites for water harvesting (WH) is a crucial task for efficient water resources management in arid regions. In response, this paper proposes a geographical information system-based model that combines fuzzy logic and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to delineate suitable areas for constructing WH structures in arid southern Iraq. Based on a literature review and available data, five influential factors were selected to develop the model: hydrological soil group, land cover, surface runoff depth, slope, and distance to an intermittent river. A fuzzy logic-based approach was used to standardize the factors, and AHP was used to derive weights. The total score for land suitability was obtained from a linear aggregation of the products of fuzzy standard criteria and AHP-derived weights. The WH suitability levels obtained were classified into five different classes: unsuitable, poor, moderate, good, and excellent. The study revealed that 393 \hbox {km}^{2}$$km2 (18% of the area) is unsuitable or poor, 538 \hbox {km}^{2}$$km2 (26%) is moderately suitable, and 1167 \hbox {km}^{2}$$km2 (56%) is good or excellent for WH in the study area. Field data revealed that the only existing WH dam in the area is situated within an excellent WH-suitable zone, which indicates the capability of the developed model to identify areas suitable for different WH structures.

Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 2014

ABSTRACT The present work studies the environmental isotopes assess groundwater characteristics o... more ABSTRACT The present work studies the environmental isotopes assess groundwater characteristics of the different parts of the main aquifer in the northeast Missan Province in south of Iraq. Water samples of groundwater and surface water were collected for two dry and wet seasons during the water year of 2011–2012. The study shows that most of the groundwater in the aquifer falls above the global meteoric water line, and all the samples fall below the Mediterranean meteoric water line, indicating that these samples are a mixture of two water types. The tritium content of these samples supports this conclusion. The overall conclusion of this study indicates that there are two sources of groundwater recharge in the studied area: the ephemeral streams (Teeb and Dewerge) and major precipitation sources. According to the tritium levels at or below one tritium unit (TU) obtained from the water, supply wells are highly confined or “not vulnerable”. Overall, the 3H results imply that recent recharge has taken place during the last four to five decades. In the recharge area, the high tritium content in the southern part of the Teeb area suggests that the recharge originates from rapid infiltration of surface runoff. Therefore, the groundwater resources in the study area should be protected from contamination, because it will influence the aquifer in a relatively short period of time if any contamination enters the recharge areas of the aquifer.

Modeling Earth Systems and Environment

Dependable scale prediction is of critical importance in the selection of suitable injection wate... more Dependable scale prediction is of critical importance in the selection of suitable injection water and the development of an effective scale management strategy. The present study focuses on the Mishrif reservoir in the West Qurna oilfield. In this reservoir, we use compositional modeling to understand the interplay between multiphase flow, phase behavior, and geochemical reactions under reservoir and injection conditions relevant to the field. The numerical model PHREEQC was used to simulate the compatibility between Mishrif formation water with three various kinds of surface waters: Sea Water (SW), Euphrates River Water (ERW), and the Main Outfall Drain Water (MODW), and predict the amount of possible scaling results from the mixing of different ratios under reservoir conditions. The chemical compositions of the Mishrif waters are classified as Brine water due to the high value of Ca 2+ and Na 2+ concentration. The waters from the sea, Main Drain Outfall, and the Euphrates River are classified as slightly Brackish waters. All the studied water samples were classified as sodium chloride type (NaCl) due to the increase of evaporation processes, aside from agricultural and domestic activities. The hydrogeochemical facies of the present water samples are fall in NaCl, except in the Mishrif formation water, which is located between NaCl and MixCaMgCl. Scaling prediction models of mixing show that calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) and Barite (BaSO 4) is expected to cause serious problems in the Mishrif reservoir when all types of waters mix in different ratios in the absence of scale inhibitors, whereas the model results revealed no problems in Celestite, Aragonite, and Strontianite scales due to their minor precipitation behavior through mixing. Gypsum, Sederite, and Anhydrite tend to dissolve when mixing all types of surface waters in different ratios because of a low saturation index. The simulation results show that the best ratios to mix sea water is 90-10% formation water, all ratios to mix Main Drain Outfall water, and 70-30 and 90-10% when mixing Euphrates River water with Mishrif formation water. Chemical inhibitions treatment preferred to be implemented to reduce the carbonate scales during/after water flooding.