Lynne Hall | University of Louisville, KY (original) (raw)
Papers by Lynne Hall
Journal of American College Health, May 1, 2001
The authors tested the long-term effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral group intervention in re... more The authors tested the long-term effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral group intervention in reducing depressive symptoms, decreasing negative thinking, and enhancing self-esteem in 92 college women aged 18 to 24 years who ere at risk for clinical depression. The women were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a no-treatment control group. The experimental group participated in a 6-week cognitive-behavioral intervention that targeted identification and reduction of negative thinking, using such techniques as thought stopping and affirmations. Data on depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and negative thinking were collected before the intervention and at intervals of 1, 6, and 18 months postintervention. The women in the intervention group experienced a greater decrease in depressive symptoms and negative thinking and a greater increase in self-esteem than those in the control group. The beneficial effects continued over an 18-month follow-up period. These findings support the importance of thought stopping and affirmations as prevention interventions with at-risk college women.
Biological Research For Nursing, Jul 1, 2007
Purpose: This study assesses the validity of hair nicotine as a biomarker for secondhand smoke (S... more Purpose: This study assesses the validity of hair nicotine as a biomarker for secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Although most biomarkers of tobacco-smoke exposure have a relatively short half-life, hair nicotine can measure several months of cumulative SHS exposure. Design: A cross-sectional study of hospitality-industry workers. Method: Hair samples were obtained from 207 bar and restaurant workers and analyzed by the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) method. Self-reported tobacco use and sources of SHS exposure were assessed. Findings: Higher hair-nicotine levels were associated with more cigarettes smoked per day among smokers and a greater number of SHS-exposure sources among nonsmokers. Number of SHS exposure sources, gender, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and type of establishment predicted hair-nicotine levels. Discussion: Hair nicotine is a valid measure of SHS exposure. It may be used as an alternative biomarker to measure longer term SHS exposure.
Nursing Research, Jul 1, 2000
One of every three women between 18 and 24 years of age may be significantly depressed. Younger w... more One of every three women between 18 and 24 years of age may be significantly depressed. Younger women have shown increasing rates of unipolar depression since the 1950s, and the average age of onset continues to decline. To examine the prevalence and correlates of high depressive symptoms in single college women 18 to 24 years of age. Negative thinking was posited to mediate the relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms. A sample of 246 women was recruited from a university student body. Each woman completed a survey that included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the Crandell Cognitions Inventory, and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire. Of the women, 35% had high depressive symptoms. Negative thinking mediated the relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms. However, self-esteem also showed a weak direct effect on depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that negative thinking may play an important role in the development of depressive symptoms in college women.
Journal of Nursing Measurement, 2014
Patients who have coexisting medical conditions tend to be more depressed. The purpose of this st... more Patients who have coexisting medical conditions tend to be more depressed. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability, validity, and dimensionality of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in patients with heart failure and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The cross-sectional data for this secondary analysis were collected in four studies. Cronbach's alpha was used to examine reliability. Concurrent validity with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was examined. Cronbach's alpha for the PHQ-9 was .87. Concurrent validity with BDI-II was excellent (r = .78, p < .01). The evidence from this study supports the reliability and validity of the PHQ-9 as a measure of depression in patients with heart failure and GI symptoms.
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, May 1, 2015
Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, Dec 1, 2011
More than 5 million Americans have heart failure (HF); approximately one third have concomitant r... more More than 5 million Americans have heart failure (HF); approximately one third have concomitant renal dysfunction. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are the most common psychological responses of these individuals and may influences outcomes; thus a reliable valid instrument to measure these is needed. This article reports a psychometric evaluation of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) depression and anxiety subscales in patients with HF and with or without renal dysfunction, as these scales are commonly used in this population for research studies. This rigorous psychometric analysis used existing data from 590 patients with HF with an average ejection fraction of 35% ± 15% and average age of 63 ± 13 years. Patients were categorized as normal renal function (n = 495) or renal dysfunction (n = 95), and groups were compared and analyzed separately. Cronbach's alpha for the BSI subscales was .82 for those with normal renal function and .88 for those with renal dysfunction. Factor analysis determined that the subscales evaluated one dimension, psychological distress, in both groups. Construct validity was examined using hypothesis testing, and construct validity was supported in patients with HF and with normal renal function by significant associations of the BSI subscales with another measure of depression and a measure of perceived control. Construct validity in patients with HF and renal dysfunction was not strongly supported. Only the BSI depression subscale predicted poorer outcomes in patients with HF and with normal renal function; neither subscale was associated with event-free survival at 12 months in those with renal dysfunction. The BSI anxiety and depression subscales provide reliable and valid data in patients HF and normal renal function. Although reliability is excellent, construct validity was weak in those patients with HF and with concomitant renal dysfunction, which may reduce the validity of those data.
Journal of Nursing Measurement, 2016
Background and Purpose: Patients with heart failure (HF) often have increased hostility. The Brie... more Background and Purpose: Patients with heart failure (HF) often have increased hostility. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) Hostility subscale has not been evaluated in this population. The purpose of this study was to explore dimensionality, internal consistency, and construct validity of BSI Hostility subscale in HF. Method: Measures examined were BSI Hostility, Depression, and Anxiety subscales; Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis, and correlational analysis were used. Results: Cronbach's alpha for the BSI Hostility subscale was .77. Hostility was positively associated with the PHQ-9, BSI Depression, and Anxiety subscales and negatively related to the MSPSS. Discussion: The BSI Hostility subscale provides a reliable and valid measure of hostility in patients with HF.
Jordan Journal of Nursing Research
Background: Organizational culture has been found to relate to workplace bullying; however, avail... more Background: Organizational culture has been found to relate to workplace bullying; however, available evidence on the role of organizational culture in bullying mitigation or aggravation is inconclusive. Objective: This study aimed to estimate whether types of organizational culture predict bullying behavior among nurses in Jordan. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and predictive design was used in this study. A convenience sample of 160 nurses working in public and private hospitals completed and returned the study e-survey. Results: About 10% of nurses were exposed to workplace bullying within the last 6 months. Colleagues and other superiors/managers were the main perpetrators. Compared with other organizational cultures, task-oriented culture had the highest mean and was correlated negatively with workplace bullying. Conclusions: Workplace bullying is still considered a serious problem among nurses. Contrary to the majority of studies reporting task-oriented culture as a r...
PLOS ONE, 2022
Background Burnout is a work-related stress syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, deper... more Background Burnout is a work-related stress syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Nurse burnout is related to nurses’ deteriorating mental health and poorer patient care quality and thus, is a significant concern in healthcare. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has swept the world and distressed the healthcare systems. Because of the body’s stress mechanism, it is vital to examine the current prevalence of nurse burnout and understand it at a biological level, using an epigenetic biomarker, telomere length. Purpose To determine the prevalence of burnout among nurses in the Peri-Operative and Labor & Delivery settings pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine the effects of burnout on absolute telomere length. Methods This is a cross-sectional study assessing the prevalence of nurses’ burnout and the relationships between nurses’ burnout and telomere length. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we had...
Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN, 2018
To evaluate the ability of the Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale (PGIS) when used within 8 weeks of... more To evaluate the ability of the Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale (PGIS) when used within 8 weeks of perinatal loss to predict intense anxiety and severe depression symptoms in women 3 months later (Time 2 [T2]). Prospective survey. Participants were recruited from hospitals in Louisville, KY and via the Internet. Women (N = 103) who experienced perinatal loss. Data were collected using the PGIS, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. We used logistic regression, odds ratios, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The PGIS had 97.9% sensitivity and 29.6% specificity to predict severe depression symptoms and 95.2% sensitivity and 56.2% specificity to predict intense anxiety at T2. A baseline PGIS score greater than or equal to 3.53 predicted severe depression symptoms (odds ratio = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.46, 2.18], p = .014) and intense anxiety (odds ratio = 1.43, 95% CI [1.07, 1.82], p = .029) at T2. The receiver...
Journal of Nursing Measurement, 2016
Background and Purpose: At least one-third of ambulatory surgery patients will experience nausea ... more Background and Purpose: At least one-third of ambulatory surgery patients will experience nausea or vomiting during the recovery period. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Ambulatory Surgery Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching (AS-INVR). Methods: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from a study of 203 adult ambulatory surgery patients was conducted. Results: Based on the results of factor analysis, the retching item was eliminated and the 6-item, 2-dimensional AS-INV was formed. Cronbach’s alphas for the AS-INV ranged from .83 to .87 across the 5 days postsurgery. Higher AS-INV scores were associated with self-reported presence of nausea and lower quality of life. Conclusions: The shortened AS-INV provides a reliable and valid measure of the amount and distress because of nausea and vomiting in adult patients after ambulatory surgery and should be considered for use in future studies.
American Journal of Public Health, 1985
We investigated the association of social supports and stresses with depressive symptoms in a sam... more We investigated the association of social supports and stresses with depressive symptoms in a sample of 111 predominantly low-income mothers of young children. The prevalence of high depressive symptoms, as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies--Depression Scale (CES-D), was 48 per cent. Among unmarried women, everyday stressors were strongly associated with depressive symptoms, while life events were weakly related. Associations between these variables were not found for married women. Comparing the relative importance of two different types of support--the quality of primary intimate relationships, and the social network--only the quality of the husband-intimate relationship was associated with CES-D scores among married women, whereas the social network demonstrated a moderate, inverse association with CES-D scores among unemployed women.
Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment, Dec 1, 2008
Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, Aug 1, 2014
The purpose of this study is to determine patient management strategies and outcomes for self-car... more The purpose of this study is to determine patient management strategies and outcomes for self-care of postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PDNV). Prospective, comparative, descriptive, and longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 248 patients aged 18 years or older undergoing a procedure requiring general anesthesia. Patients recorded incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting, the impact of symptoms, and actions taken to alleviate symptoms for 7 days postdischarge. The prevalence of PDNV was 56.9%. The methods used to relieve symptoms included antiemetic use by a minority and nonpharmacologic techniques of self-management by some. The effect of nausea on QOL, patient functioning, and patient satisfaction was significantly worse for those who experienced postdischarge nausea on all days. Patients with PDNV use minor self-care strategies to manage symptoms. The presence of PDNV affects overall quality of life, patient functioning, and patient satisfaction.
Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, Apr 1, 2009
Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2004
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of parental bonding to the mental h... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of parental bonding to the mental health of college women aged 18 to 24 years. A cross-sectional study of a volunteer sample of 246 college women was conducted. Data on depressive symptoms, negative thinking, self-esteem, and parental bonding were collected via self-report. Maternal care was the strongest predictor of all four mental health indices. Paternal overprotection predicted scores of three of the four mental health measures. Women with optimal maternal and paternal bonding profiles (high care/low overprotection) had fewer depressive symptoms, less negative thinking, and higher self-esteem than women with other bonding profiles. The findings have implications for prevention, screening, and intervention to enhance the mental health of college women.
Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Feb 28, 2011
Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, May 1, 2005
Journal of American College Health, May 1, 2001
The authors tested the long-term effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral group intervention in re... more The authors tested the long-term effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral group intervention in reducing depressive symptoms, decreasing negative thinking, and enhancing self-esteem in 92 college women aged 18 to 24 years who ere at risk for clinical depression. The women were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a no-treatment control group. The experimental group participated in a 6-week cognitive-behavioral intervention that targeted identification and reduction of negative thinking, using such techniques as thought stopping and affirmations. Data on depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and negative thinking were collected before the intervention and at intervals of 1, 6, and 18 months postintervention. The women in the intervention group experienced a greater decrease in depressive symptoms and negative thinking and a greater increase in self-esteem than those in the control group. The beneficial effects continued over an 18-month follow-up period. These findings support the importance of thought stopping and affirmations as prevention interventions with at-risk college women.
Biological Research For Nursing, Jul 1, 2007
Purpose: This study assesses the validity of hair nicotine as a biomarker for secondhand smoke (S... more Purpose: This study assesses the validity of hair nicotine as a biomarker for secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Although most biomarkers of tobacco-smoke exposure have a relatively short half-life, hair nicotine can measure several months of cumulative SHS exposure. Design: A cross-sectional study of hospitality-industry workers. Method: Hair samples were obtained from 207 bar and restaurant workers and analyzed by the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) method. Self-reported tobacco use and sources of SHS exposure were assessed. Findings: Higher hair-nicotine levels were associated with more cigarettes smoked per day among smokers and a greater number of SHS-exposure sources among nonsmokers. Number of SHS exposure sources, gender, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and type of establishment predicted hair-nicotine levels. Discussion: Hair nicotine is a valid measure of SHS exposure. It may be used as an alternative biomarker to measure longer term SHS exposure.
Nursing Research, Jul 1, 2000
One of every three women between 18 and 24 years of age may be significantly depressed. Younger w... more One of every three women between 18 and 24 years of age may be significantly depressed. Younger women have shown increasing rates of unipolar depression since the 1950s, and the average age of onset continues to decline. To examine the prevalence and correlates of high depressive symptoms in single college women 18 to 24 years of age. Negative thinking was posited to mediate the relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms. A sample of 246 women was recruited from a university student body. Each woman completed a survey that included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the Crandell Cognitions Inventory, and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire. Of the women, 35% had high depressive symptoms. Negative thinking mediated the relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms. However, self-esteem also showed a weak direct effect on depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that negative thinking may play an important role in the development of depressive symptoms in college women.
Journal of Nursing Measurement, 2014
Patients who have coexisting medical conditions tend to be more depressed. The purpose of this st... more Patients who have coexisting medical conditions tend to be more depressed. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability, validity, and dimensionality of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in patients with heart failure and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The cross-sectional data for this secondary analysis were collected in four studies. Cronbach's alpha was used to examine reliability. Concurrent validity with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was examined. Cronbach's alpha for the PHQ-9 was .87. Concurrent validity with BDI-II was excellent (r = .78, p < .01). The evidence from this study supports the reliability and validity of the PHQ-9 as a measure of depression in patients with heart failure and GI symptoms.
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, May 1, 2015
Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, Dec 1, 2011
More than 5 million Americans have heart failure (HF); approximately one third have concomitant r... more More than 5 million Americans have heart failure (HF); approximately one third have concomitant renal dysfunction. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are the most common psychological responses of these individuals and may influences outcomes; thus a reliable valid instrument to measure these is needed. This article reports a psychometric evaluation of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) depression and anxiety subscales in patients with HF and with or without renal dysfunction, as these scales are commonly used in this population for research studies. This rigorous psychometric analysis used existing data from 590 patients with HF with an average ejection fraction of 35% ± 15% and average age of 63 ± 13 years. Patients were categorized as normal renal function (n = 495) or renal dysfunction (n = 95), and groups were compared and analyzed separately. Cronbach's alpha for the BSI subscales was .82 for those with normal renal function and .88 for those with renal dysfunction. Factor analysis determined that the subscales evaluated one dimension, psychological distress, in both groups. Construct validity was examined using hypothesis testing, and construct validity was supported in patients with HF and with normal renal function by significant associations of the BSI subscales with another measure of depression and a measure of perceived control. Construct validity in patients with HF and renal dysfunction was not strongly supported. Only the BSI depression subscale predicted poorer outcomes in patients with HF and with normal renal function; neither subscale was associated with event-free survival at 12 months in those with renal dysfunction. The BSI anxiety and depression subscales provide reliable and valid data in patients HF and normal renal function. Although reliability is excellent, construct validity was weak in those patients with HF and with concomitant renal dysfunction, which may reduce the validity of those data.
Journal of Nursing Measurement, 2016
Background and Purpose: Patients with heart failure (HF) often have increased hostility. The Brie... more Background and Purpose: Patients with heart failure (HF) often have increased hostility. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) Hostility subscale has not been evaluated in this population. The purpose of this study was to explore dimensionality, internal consistency, and construct validity of BSI Hostility subscale in HF. Method: Measures examined were BSI Hostility, Depression, and Anxiety subscales; Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis, and correlational analysis were used. Results: Cronbach's alpha for the BSI Hostility subscale was .77. Hostility was positively associated with the PHQ-9, BSI Depression, and Anxiety subscales and negatively related to the MSPSS. Discussion: The BSI Hostility subscale provides a reliable and valid measure of hostility in patients with HF.
Jordan Journal of Nursing Research
Background: Organizational culture has been found to relate to workplace bullying; however, avail... more Background: Organizational culture has been found to relate to workplace bullying; however, available evidence on the role of organizational culture in bullying mitigation or aggravation is inconclusive. Objective: This study aimed to estimate whether types of organizational culture predict bullying behavior among nurses in Jordan. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and predictive design was used in this study. A convenience sample of 160 nurses working in public and private hospitals completed and returned the study e-survey. Results: About 10% of nurses were exposed to workplace bullying within the last 6 months. Colleagues and other superiors/managers were the main perpetrators. Compared with other organizational cultures, task-oriented culture had the highest mean and was correlated negatively with workplace bullying. Conclusions: Workplace bullying is still considered a serious problem among nurses. Contrary to the majority of studies reporting task-oriented culture as a r...
PLOS ONE, 2022
Background Burnout is a work-related stress syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, deper... more Background Burnout is a work-related stress syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Nurse burnout is related to nurses’ deteriorating mental health and poorer patient care quality and thus, is a significant concern in healthcare. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has swept the world and distressed the healthcare systems. Because of the body’s stress mechanism, it is vital to examine the current prevalence of nurse burnout and understand it at a biological level, using an epigenetic biomarker, telomere length. Purpose To determine the prevalence of burnout among nurses in the Peri-Operative and Labor & Delivery settings pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine the effects of burnout on absolute telomere length. Methods This is a cross-sectional study assessing the prevalence of nurses’ burnout and the relationships between nurses’ burnout and telomere length. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we had...
Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN, 2018
To evaluate the ability of the Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale (PGIS) when used within 8 weeks of... more To evaluate the ability of the Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale (PGIS) when used within 8 weeks of perinatal loss to predict intense anxiety and severe depression symptoms in women 3 months later (Time 2 [T2]). Prospective survey. Participants were recruited from hospitals in Louisville, KY and via the Internet. Women (N = 103) who experienced perinatal loss. Data were collected using the PGIS, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. We used logistic regression, odds ratios, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The PGIS had 97.9% sensitivity and 29.6% specificity to predict severe depression symptoms and 95.2% sensitivity and 56.2% specificity to predict intense anxiety at T2. A baseline PGIS score greater than or equal to 3.53 predicted severe depression symptoms (odds ratio = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.46, 2.18], p = .014) and intense anxiety (odds ratio = 1.43, 95% CI [1.07, 1.82], p = .029) at T2. The receiver...
Journal of Nursing Measurement, 2016
Background and Purpose: At least one-third of ambulatory surgery patients will experience nausea ... more Background and Purpose: At least one-third of ambulatory surgery patients will experience nausea or vomiting during the recovery period. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Ambulatory Surgery Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching (AS-INVR). Methods: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from a study of 203 adult ambulatory surgery patients was conducted. Results: Based on the results of factor analysis, the retching item was eliminated and the 6-item, 2-dimensional AS-INV was formed. Cronbach’s alphas for the AS-INV ranged from .83 to .87 across the 5 days postsurgery. Higher AS-INV scores were associated with self-reported presence of nausea and lower quality of life. Conclusions: The shortened AS-INV provides a reliable and valid measure of the amount and distress because of nausea and vomiting in adult patients after ambulatory surgery and should be considered for use in future studies.
American Journal of Public Health, 1985
We investigated the association of social supports and stresses with depressive symptoms in a sam... more We investigated the association of social supports and stresses with depressive symptoms in a sample of 111 predominantly low-income mothers of young children. The prevalence of high depressive symptoms, as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies--Depression Scale (CES-D), was 48 per cent. Among unmarried women, everyday stressors were strongly associated with depressive symptoms, while life events were weakly related. Associations between these variables were not found for married women. Comparing the relative importance of two different types of support--the quality of primary intimate relationships, and the social network--only the quality of the husband-intimate relationship was associated with CES-D scores among married women, whereas the social network demonstrated a moderate, inverse association with CES-D scores among unemployed women.
Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment, Dec 1, 2008
Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, Aug 1, 2014
The purpose of this study is to determine patient management strategies and outcomes for self-car... more The purpose of this study is to determine patient management strategies and outcomes for self-care of postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PDNV). Prospective, comparative, descriptive, and longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 248 patients aged 18 years or older undergoing a procedure requiring general anesthesia. Patients recorded incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting, the impact of symptoms, and actions taken to alleviate symptoms for 7 days postdischarge. The prevalence of PDNV was 56.9%. The methods used to relieve symptoms included antiemetic use by a minority and nonpharmacologic techniques of self-management by some. The effect of nausea on QOL, patient functioning, and patient satisfaction was significantly worse for those who experienced postdischarge nausea on all days. Patients with PDNV use minor self-care strategies to manage symptoms. The presence of PDNV affects overall quality of life, patient functioning, and patient satisfaction.
Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, Apr 1, 2009
Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2004
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of parental bonding to the mental h... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of parental bonding to the mental health of college women aged 18 to 24 years. A cross-sectional study of a volunteer sample of 246 college women was conducted. Data on depressive symptoms, negative thinking, self-esteem, and parental bonding were collected via self-report. Maternal care was the strongest predictor of all four mental health indices. Paternal overprotection predicted scores of three of the four mental health measures. Women with optimal maternal and paternal bonding profiles (high care/low overprotection) had fewer depressive symptoms, less negative thinking, and higher self-esteem than women with other bonding profiles. The findings have implications for prevention, screening, and intervention to enhance the mental health of college women.
Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Feb 28, 2011
Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, May 1, 2005