Aziz unnisa | University of Hail (original) (raw)
Papers by Aziz unnisa
international journal of chemical sciences, 2011
Three rapid, simple, inexpensive, precise, and accurate spectrophotometric procedures were develo... more Three rapid, simple, inexpensive, precise, and accurate spectrophotometric procedures were developed for the determination of Perindopril erbumine (PPE) using cobalt-thiocyanate, citric acid and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano benzoquinone in bulk sample and in dosage forms. The procedures are based on the coordination complex of the drug (electron donor) and the chromogenic reagents used. The colored products are extracted into non aqueous solvents and measured spectrophotometrically at the optimum λ max for each complex. Regression analysis of Beer-Lambert plots showed good correlation in the concentration range of 30-70 µg mL −1, 4-20 µg mL −1 and 20-60 µg mL −1 for cobalt-thiocyanate, citric acid and 2,3dichloro-5,6-dicyano benzoquinone respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, detection and quantification limits were calculated. The developed methods were successfully applied for the determination of PPE in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations without any interference from common excipients and hence can be used for their routine analysis.
Apple Academic Press eBooks, Mar 14, 2023
Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2014
A simple, specific, and accurate reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for th... more A simple, specific, and accurate reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the estimation of Tizanidine (TZN) and Baclofen (BCF) in combination. A Phenomenex-C 18 (150×4.60 mm Dimensions, 5µm Particle size) column with mobile phase containing methanol: water (53:47) was used at isocratic mode and eluents were monitored at 228 nm. The retention times of TZN and BCF were 2.03 and 4.1min respectively and both the drugs showed good linearity in the concentration range of 10-50 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9992 and 0.9993 respectively. The proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines and method showed good precision with percent relative standard deviation less than 2%. The percentage assay values of TZN and BCF were found to be 99.72 and 98.56 respectively and recovery values are within the limits of 98-102% indicating the proposed method was accurate and precise for the simultaneous estimation of TZN and BCF in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2005
The status of brain antioxidant enzymes and glutathione in methacrylonitrile (MeAN)-intoxicated W... more The status of brain antioxidant enzymes and glutathione in methacrylonitrile (MeAN)-intoxicated Wistar rats was correlated with the levels of lipid peroxidation products. Optimum changes were observed 30 min and 60 min after oral administration of MeAN at dosages of 50 mg/kg body weight per day (0.25 LD50) and 100 mg/kg body weight per day (0.5 LD50). An increase in lipid peroxidation products, decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) were observed. These studies suggest that the membrane lipid peroxidation observed in MeAN intoxication is related, in part, to a compromised antioxidant defense system.
Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2023
PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, MANUFACTURE, ADVANCED MATERIAL AND MECHATRONICS 2021
Hail Journal of Health Science
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 29, 2022
Objective: Incorrect usage of inhaler devices might have a significant influence on the clinical ... more Objective: Incorrect usage of inhaler devices might have a significant influence on the clinical effectiveness of the drug delivered. This issue is poorly addressed; hence, the study was designed to investigate the knowledge and ability of the health-care professional student community to use inhaling devices. Methods: A questionnaire was constructed and piloted before carrying out the study. The health-care professional students were taken as the sample. The data obtained from the result of the survey were subjected to proper statistical analysis using SPSS software, and a statistical significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results: Analysis of the data obtained from the study reveals that a significant difference was observed between the proper usage of the inhaling device and how the health-care professional student community executed the steps in its use. Their knowledge of cleaning pressurized metered-dose inhalers, storage, and the use of pictograms in patient counseling we...
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 30, 2022
Metadoxine (MTD) is a synthetic antioxidant, providing strong antioxidant protection. It is usefu... more Metadoxine (MTD) is a synthetic antioxidant, providing strong antioxidant protection. It is useful in preventing the damage produced in early stages of liver disease. It is used in alcohol intoxication. In hepatic stellate cells it prevents the collagen synthesis & reduces fibrosis. Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (Method A and Method B) were developed for the estimation of MTD in pharmaceutical formulations. Method A is based on redox reactions of MTD with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FC reagent) to form a stable blue coloured chromogen, which can be estimated at 660nm. Method B is based on the oxidation of MTD with Fe (III) under controlled experimental conditions followed by complex formation between the reduced form of Fe III (Fe II) with 1,10-phenanthroline (PTL) to give colored complex which can be measured at 460nm. Method A obeys Beer's law in the concentration range of 5-30 μg/mL and Method B in concentration of 4-24 μg/mL. The common excipients usually ...
The aim of the present work was to develop and validate a simple, efficient and economical method... more The aim of the present work was to develop and validate a simple, efficient and economical method for the analysis of Ambrisentan in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. A Phenomenex C18 reverse phase column (250 x 4.6mm, 5µm) with mobile phase containing ortho phosphoric acid (0.05%v/v): methanol (20:80%v/v) was used at isocratic mode and eluents were monitored at 262nm. The retention time of Ambrisentan was 5.8min. The method showed a good linearity in the concentration range of 5-25µg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The validation characteristics included specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, robustness and stability. Validation acceptance criteria were met in all cases. The percent recoveries ranged between 99.3-101.3, RSD < 2%. The method could be successfully used for the analysis of Ambrisentan in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, Dec 1, 2022
Current Neuropharmacology, Apr 1, 2023
: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, affecting th... more : Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, affecting the basal nuclei, causing impairment of motor and cognitive functions. Loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons or their degeneration and the aggregation of Lewy bodies is the hallmark of this disease. The medications used to treat PD relieve the symptoms and maintain quality of life, but currently, there is no cure. There is a need for the development of therapies that can cease or perhaps reverse neurodegeneration effectively. With the rapid advancements in cell replacement therapy techniques, medical professionals are trying to find a cure by which restoration of dopamine neurotransmitters can occur. Researchers have started focusing on cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their abundance in the body, the ability of proliferation, and immunomodulation. Here we review the MSC-based treatment in Parkinson's disease and the various mechanisms it repairs DAergic neurons in parkinsonian patients.
Current Neuropharmacology, Mar 1, 2023
: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated, interpersonally defined, static condition of t... more : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated, interpersonally defined, static condition of the underdeveloped brain. Although the aetiology of autism remains unclear, disturbance of neuronglia interactions has lately been proposed as a significant event in the pathophysiology of ASD. In recent years, the contribution of glial cells to autism has been overlooked. In addition to neurons, glial cells play an essential role in mental activities, and a new strategy that emphasises neuron-glia interactions should be applied. Disturbance of neuron-glia connections has lately been proposed as a significant event in the pathophysiology of ASD because aberrant neuronal network formation and dysfunctional neurotransmission are fundamental to the pathology of the condition. In ASD, neuron and glial cell number changes cause brain circuits to malfunction and impact behaviour. A study revealed that reactive glial cells result in the loss of synaptic functioning and induce autism under inflammatory conditions. Recent discoveries also suggest that dysfunction or changes in the ability of microglia to carry out physiological and defensive functions (such as failure in synaptic elimination or aberrant microglial activation) may be crucial for developing brain diseases, especially autism. The cerebellum, white matter, and cortical regions of autistic patients showed significant microglial activation. Reactive glial cells result in the loss of synaptic functioning and induce autism under inflammatory conditions. Replacement of defective glial cells (Cell-replacement treatment), glial progenitor cell-based therapy, and medication therapy (inhibition of microglia activation) are all utilised to treat glial dysfunction. This review discusses the role of glial cells in ASD and the various potential approaches to treating glial cell dysfunction.
Der Chemica Sinica, 2011
Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (Method A and Method B) were developed for th... more Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (Method A and Method B) were developed for the estimation of Ethacridine lactate in pharmaceutical formulations. Method A is based on the oxidative coupling of Eathacridine Lactate with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone in the presence of Fe(III) to form a violet coloured chromoscme with a absorption maximum of 535nm. Method B is based on diazocoupling reaction with N-(1-napthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (B.M reagent) to form a stable purple coloured chromogen, which can be estimated at 540nm. Both the proposed methods (Method A and Method B) obey Beer's law in the concentration range of 2 to 8μg/ml. The methods were validated for use in routine quality control of Ethacridine lactate in pharmaceutical formulations.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Oct 1, 2022
Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, Dec 1, 2022
: Cancer has a significant social consequence all around the globe. In 2020, approximately 19.3 m... more : Cancer has a significant social consequence all around the globe. In 2020, approximately 19.3 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed worldwide, with about 10 million cancer deaths. In the next two decades, suspected cases are anticipated to increase by roughly 47%. The rising number of cancer patients, as well as the inadequacy of traditional chemotherapeutic agents, radiation, and invasive surgical procedures, all rely on massive cell death with hardly any selectivity, causing severe toxicities. In comparison to synthetic medications, there has subsequently been a surge in international interest in non-synthetic and alternative remedies, owing to improved adaptability and reduced side effects of drug responses. Several people with cancer prefer alternative and complementary therapy treatments, and natural remedies play a crucial role in cancer chemoprevention as they are thought to be harmless, offer fewer negative effects, and become less sufficient to evoke addiction by the wider population. Chemopreventive, antimetastatic, cytotoxic, and anti-angiogenic actions are among the promising clinical advantages, which have been established in vitro research and certain clinical trials; nevertheless, additional clinical trials are needed. This review examines several phytochemicals that may have anti-cancer and chemopreventive properties.
Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
: Nanotechnology is the process of modulating shape and size at the nanoscale to design and manuf... more : Nanotechnology is the process of modulating shape and size at the nanoscale to design and manufacture structures, devices, and systems. Nanotechnology's prospective breakthroughs are incredible, and some cannot even be comprehended right now. The blood-brain barrier, which is a prominent physiological barrier in the brain, limits the adequate elimination of malignant cells by changing the concentration of therapeutic agents at the target tissue. Nanotechnology has sparked interest in recent years as a way to solve these issues and improve drug delivery. Inorganic and organic nanomaterials have been found to be beneficial for bioimaging approaches and controlled drug delivery systems. Brain cancer (BC) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are two of the prominent disorders of the brain. Even though the pathophysiology and pathways for both disorders are different, nanotechnology with common features can deliver drugs over the BBB, advancing the treatment of both disorders. This innovative technology could provide a foundation for combining diagnostics, treatments, and delivery of targeted drugs to the tumour site, further supervising the response and designing and delivering materials by employing atomic and molecular elements. There is currently limited treatment for Alzheimer's disease, and reversing further progression is difficult. Recently, various nanocarriers have been investigated to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of many AD treatment drugs. Nanotechnology-assisted drugs can penetrate the BBB and reach the target tissue. However, further research is required in this field to ensure the safety and efficacy of drug-loaded nanoparticles. The application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours and Alzheimer's disease is briefly discussed in this review.
Türk biyokimya dergisi, Jul 27, 2023
Objectives: Leukemoid Reaction (LR) signifies leukocytosis characterized by mature neutrophils. T... more Objectives: Leukemoid Reaction (LR) signifies leukocytosis characterized by mature neutrophils. The incidence of LR is about 1 % among hospitalized patients. Mucormycosis is a rare, aggressive, fatal fungal infection that afflicts immune-compromised patients. This study discusses the case of concomitant leukemoid reaction and mucormycosis in a patient with severe COVID-19 infection. Case presentation: A 45-year-old female patient was presented to the hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 and was given supplemental oxygen and placed on mechanical ventilation. Her skin biopsy revealed non-septate hyphae with wide-angle branching. Her blood tests also revealed the presence of LR. Conclusions: Severe COVID-19 infection causes new-onset hyperglycemia, which can lead to metabolic acidosis, toxic metabolite accumulation in the body due to renal failure, the release of stress hormones and inflammatory cytokines, and the occurrence of secondary bacterial and opportunistic fungal infections. The study has shown that LR in severe COVID-19 may be associated with severe infections (bacterial or fungal) and other pathophysiological changes in the body.
international journal of chemical sciences, 2011
Three rapid, simple, inexpensive, precise, and accurate spectrophotometric procedures were develo... more Three rapid, simple, inexpensive, precise, and accurate spectrophotometric procedures were developed for the determination of Perindopril erbumine (PPE) using cobalt-thiocyanate, citric acid and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano benzoquinone in bulk sample and in dosage forms. The procedures are based on the coordination complex of the drug (electron donor) and the chromogenic reagents used. The colored products are extracted into non aqueous solvents and measured spectrophotometrically at the optimum λ max for each complex. Regression analysis of Beer-Lambert plots showed good correlation in the concentration range of 30-70 µg mL −1, 4-20 µg mL −1 and 20-60 µg mL −1 for cobalt-thiocyanate, citric acid and 2,3dichloro-5,6-dicyano benzoquinone respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, detection and quantification limits were calculated. The developed methods were successfully applied for the determination of PPE in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations without any interference from common excipients and hence can be used for their routine analysis.
Apple Academic Press eBooks, Mar 14, 2023
Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2014
A simple, specific, and accurate reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for th... more A simple, specific, and accurate reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the estimation of Tizanidine (TZN) and Baclofen (BCF) in combination. A Phenomenex-C 18 (150×4.60 mm Dimensions, 5µm Particle size) column with mobile phase containing methanol: water (53:47) was used at isocratic mode and eluents were monitored at 228 nm. The retention times of TZN and BCF were 2.03 and 4.1min respectively and both the drugs showed good linearity in the concentration range of 10-50 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9992 and 0.9993 respectively. The proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines and method showed good precision with percent relative standard deviation less than 2%. The percentage assay values of TZN and BCF were found to be 99.72 and 98.56 respectively and recovery values are within the limits of 98-102% indicating the proposed method was accurate and precise for the simultaneous estimation of TZN and BCF in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2005
The status of brain antioxidant enzymes and glutathione in methacrylonitrile (MeAN)-intoxicated W... more The status of brain antioxidant enzymes and glutathione in methacrylonitrile (MeAN)-intoxicated Wistar rats was correlated with the levels of lipid peroxidation products. Optimum changes were observed 30 min and 60 min after oral administration of MeAN at dosages of 50 mg/kg body weight per day (0.25 LD50) and 100 mg/kg body weight per day (0.5 LD50). An increase in lipid peroxidation products, decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) were observed. These studies suggest that the membrane lipid peroxidation observed in MeAN intoxication is related, in part, to a compromised antioxidant defense system.
Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2023
PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, MANUFACTURE, ADVANCED MATERIAL AND MECHATRONICS 2021
Hail Journal of Health Science
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 29, 2022
Objective: Incorrect usage of inhaler devices might have a significant influence on the clinical ... more Objective: Incorrect usage of inhaler devices might have a significant influence on the clinical effectiveness of the drug delivered. This issue is poorly addressed; hence, the study was designed to investigate the knowledge and ability of the health-care professional student community to use inhaling devices. Methods: A questionnaire was constructed and piloted before carrying out the study. The health-care professional students were taken as the sample. The data obtained from the result of the survey were subjected to proper statistical analysis using SPSS software, and a statistical significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results: Analysis of the data obtained from the study reveals that a significant difference was observed between the proper usage of the inhaling device and how the health-care professional student community executed the steps in its use. Their knowledge of cleaning pressurized metered-dose inhalers, storage, and the use of pictograms in patient counseling we...
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 30, 2022
Metadoxine (MTD) is a synthetic antioxidant, providing strong antioxidant protection. It is usefu... more Metadoxine (MTD) is a synthetic antioxidant, providing strong antioxidant protection. It is useful in preventing the damage produced in early stages of liver disease. It is used in alcohol intoxication. In hepatic stellate cells it prevents the collagen synthesis & reduces fibrosis. Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (Method A and Method B) were developed for the estimation of MTD in pharmaceutical formulations. Method A is based on redox reactions of MTD with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FC reagent) to form a stable blue coloured chromogen, which can be estimated at 660nm. Method B is based on the oxidation of MTD with Fe (III) under controlled experimental conditions followed by complex formation between the reduced form of Fe III (Fe II) with 1,10-phenanthroline (PTL) to give colored complex which can be measured at 460nm. Method A obeys Beer's law in the concentration range of 5-30 μg/mL and Method B in concentration of 4-24 μg/mL. The common excipients usually ...
The aim of the present work was to develop and validate a simple, efficient and economical method... more The aim of the present work was to develop and validate a simple, efficient and economical method for the analysis of Ambrisentan in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. A Phenomenex C18 reverse phase column (250 x 4.6mm, 5µm) with mobile phase containing ortho phosphoric acid (0.05%v/v): methanol (20:80%v/v) was used at isocratic mode and eluents were monitored at 262nm. The retention time of Ambrisentan was 5.8min. The method showed a good linearity in the concentration range of 5-25µg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The validation characteristics included specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, robustness and stability. Validation acceptance criteria were met in all cases. The percent recoveries ranged between 99.3-101.3, RSD < 2%. The method could be successfully used for the analysis of Ambrisentan in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, Dec 1, 2022
Current Neuropharmacology, Apr 1, 2023
: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, affecting th... more : Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, affecting the basal nuclei, causing impairment of motor and cognitive functions. Loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons or their degeneration and the aggregation of Lewy bodies is the hallmark of this disease. The medications used to treat PD relieve the symptoms and maintain quality of life, but currently, there is no cure. There is a need for the development of therapies that can cease or perhaps reverse neurodegeneration effectively. With the rapid advancements in cell replacement therapy techniques, medical professionals are trying to find a cure by which restoration of dopamine neurotransmitters can occur. Researchers have started focusing on cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their abundance in the body, the ability of proliferation, and immunomodulation. Here we review the MSC-based treatment in Parkinson's disease and the various mechanisms it repairs DAergic neurons in parkinsonian patients.
Current Neuropharmacology, Mar 1, 2023
: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated, interpersonally defined, static condition of t... more : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated, interpersonally defined, static condition of the underdeveloped brain. Although the aetiology of autism remains unclear, disturbance of neuronglia interactions has lately been proposed as a significant event in the pathophysiology of ASD. In recent years, the contribution of glial cells to autism has been overlooked. In addition to neurons, glial cells play an essential role in mental activities, and a new strategy that emphasises neuron-glia interactions should be applied. Disturbance of neuron-glia connections has lately been proposed as a significant event in the pathophysiology of ASD because aberrant neuronal network formation and dysfunctional neurotransmission are fundamental to the pathology of the condition. In ASD, neuron and glial cell number changes cause brain circuits to malfunction and impact behaviour. A study revealed that reactive glial cells result in the loss of synaptic functioning and induce autism under inflammatory conditions. Recent discoveries also suggest that dysfunction or changes in the ability of microglia to carry out physiological and defensive functions (such as failure in synaptic elimination or aberrant microglial activation) may be crucial for developing brain diseases, especially autism. The cerebellum, white matter, and cortical regions of autistic patients showed significant microglial activation. Reactive glial cells result in the loss of synaptic functioning and induce autism under inflammatory conditions. Replacement of defective glial cells (Cell-replacement treatment), glial progenitor cell-based therapy, and medication therapy (inhibition of microglia activation) are all utilised to treat glial dysfunction. This review discusses the role of glial cells in ASD and the various potential approaches to treating glial cell dysfunction.
Der Chemica Sinica, 2011
Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (Method A and Method B) were developed for th... more Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (Method A and Method B) were developed for the estimation of Ethacridine lactate in pharmaceutical formulations. Method A is based on the oxidative coupling of Eathacridine Lactate with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone in the presence of Fe(III) to form a violet coloured chromoscme with a absorption maximum of 535nm. Method B is based on diazocoupling reaction with N-(1-napthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (B.M reagent) to form a stable purple coloured chromogen, which can be estimated at 540nm. Both the proposed methods (Method A and Method B) obey Beer's law in the concentration range of 2 to 8μg/ml. The methods were validated for use in routine quality control of Ethacridine lactate in pharmaceutical formulations.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Oct 1, 2022
Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, Dec 1, 2022
: Cancer has a significant social consequence all around the globe. In 2020, approximately 19.3 m... more : Cancer has a significant social consequence all around the globe. In 2020, approximately 19.3 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed worldwide, with about 10 million cancer deaths. In the next two decades, suspected cases are anticipated to increase by roughly 47%. The rising number of cancer patients, as well as the inadequacy of traditional chemotherapeutic agents, radiation, and invasive surgical procedures, all rely on massive cell death with hardly any selectivity, causing severe toxicities. In comparison to synthetic medications, there has subsequently been a surge in international interest in non-synthetic and alternative remedies, owing to improved adaptability and reduced side effects of drug responses. Several people with cancer prefer alternative and complementary therapy treatments, and natural remedies play a crucial role in cancer chemoprevention as they are thought to be harmless, offer fewer negative effects, and become less sufficient to evoke addiction by the wider population. Chemopreventive, antimetastatic, cytotoxic, and anti-angiogenic actions are among the promising clinical advantages, which have been established in vitro research and certain clinical trials; nevertheless, additional clinical trials are needed. This review examines several phytochemicals that may have anti-cancer and chemopreventive properties.
Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
: Nanotechnology is the process of modulating shape and size at the nanoscale to design and manuf... more : Nanotechnology is the process of modulating shape and size at the nanoscale to design and manufacture structures, devices, and systems. Nanotechnology's prospective breakthroughs are incredible, and some cannot even be comprehended right now. The blood-brain barrier, which is a prominent physiological barrier in the brain, limits the adequate elimination of malignant cells by changing the concentration of therapeutic agents at the target tissue. Nanotechnology has sparked interest in recent years as a way to solve these issues and improve drug delivery. Inorganic and organic nanomaterials have been found to be beneficial for bioimaging approaches and controlled drug delivery systems. Brain cancer (BC) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are two of the prominent disorders of the brain. Even though the pathophysiology and pathways for both disorders are different, nanotechnology with common features can deliver drugs over the BBB, advancing the treatment of both disorders. This innovative technology could provide a foundation for combining diagnostics, treatments, and delivery of targeted drugs to the tumour site, further supervising the response and designing and delivering materials by employing atomic and molecular elements. There is currently limited treatment for Alzheimer's disease, and reversing further progression is difficult. Recently, various nanocarriers have been investigated to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of many AD treatment drugs. Nanotechnology-assisted drugs can penetrate the BBB and reach the target tissue. However, further research is required in this field to ensure the safety and efficacy of drug-loaded nanoparticles. The application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours and Alzheimer's disease is briefly discussed in this review.
Türk biyokimya dergisi, Jul 27, 2023
Objectives: Leukemoid Reaction (LR) signifies leukocytosis characterized by mature neutrophils. T... more Objectives: Leukemoid Reaction (LR) signifies leukocytosis characterized by mature neutrophils. The incidence of LR is about 1 % among hospitalized patients. Mucormycosis is a rare, aggressive, fatal fungal infection that afflicts immune-compromised patients. This study discusses the case of concomitant leukemoid reaction and mucormycosis in a patient with severe COVID-19 infection. Case presentation: A 45-year-old female patient was presented to the hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 and was given supplemental oxygen and placed on mechanical ventilation. Her skin biopsy revealed non-septate hyphae with wide-angle branching. Her blood tests also revealed the presence of LR. Conclusions: Severe COVID-19 infection causes new-onset hyperglycemia, which can lead to metabolic acidosis, toxic metabolite accumulation in the body due to renal failure, the release of stress hormones and inflammatory cytokines, and the occurrence of secondary bacterial and opportunistic fungal infections. The study has shown that LR in severe COVID-19 may be associated with severe infections (bacterial or fungal) and other pathophysiological changes in the body.