Mohammed Mu'azu | University of Hafr Al Batin (original) (raw)

Papers by Mohammed Mu'azu

Ain Shams Engineering Journal

Choosing a suitable training technique out of so many is a critical step, and its importance cann... more Choosing a suitable training technique out of so many is a critical step, and its importance cannot be overemphasized, especially for a problem such as bearing capacity (BC) analysis. The idea is to optimize the configuration of the artificial neural network (ANN) hybridized with the cuttlefish optimization algorithm (CFOA), electrostatic discharge algorithm (ESDA), and Henry gas solubility optimization algorithm (HGSOA), and sine cosine algorithm (SCA) algorithms for soil BC analysis. Applied stress (X7) is discovered as the most important input factor through an unbiased predictor. The training errors are 0.0119, 0.0094, 0.0135, and 0.0139, and the training RMSE values are 0.01560, 0137, 0.0178, and 0.0175 for CFOA–ANN, ESDA–ANN, HGSO–ANN and SCA–ANN, respectively. Also, the testing errors are 00117, 0.0106, 0.0155, and 00151, and the testing RMSE is 0.0159, 0.0153, 0.0202, and 0.0192 for CFOA–ANN, ESDA–ANN, HGSO–ANN and SCA–ANN, respectively. According to RMSE values, the HGSO-ANN has the lowest value and ESDA-ANN has the highest value of RMSE. In comparing the MAE values, the best method was SCA-ANN and the worst one was ESDA-ANN. The second and third methods in presenting the MAE was HGSO-ANN and CFOA-ANN, respectively. While Pearson correlation (Rp) factors in the testing phase are 0.8809, 0.8904, 0.8136, and 0.8252, and in the training phase 0.8757, 0.9048, 0.8370, and 0.8406 for CFOA–ANN, ESDA–ANN, HGSO–ANN and SCA–ANN respectively. In evaluating the Rp value, HGSO-ANN presented the best value and ESDA-ANN has the highest value of Rp. A potentially applicable equation is developed for possible utilization in a compatible practical scenario for ESDA–ANN model as the most accurate. It could be employed as a less time-consuming yet, precise replacement for the conventional approach for BC analysis. As the results indicate, due to the lowest value of RMSE and MAE, and the highest value of Rp, ESDA–ANN model approximated the training and testing datasets slightly better than the others in terms of RMSE, MAE and after that, CFOA-ANN, SCA-ANN, and HGO-ANN models was the second, third and forth methods in predicting the bearing capacity, respectively.

International Journal of Physical Sciences, Jul 18, 2011

A model is a tool that simulates the reality through simplification by ignoring what is not impor... more A model is a tool that simulates the reality through simplification by ignoring what is not important. Therefore, assumptions are usually involved, prompting the need for parametric analysis for identification of the responsive parameters with respect to the numerical simulation results. A negative pore-water pressure was estimated through two-dimensional governing equation for unsaturated soil in an axi-symmetrical form due radial nature tree roots water-uptake. The results of the root wateruptake analysis are then used as an input for the prediction of ground displacements in a stressdeformation analysis. The proposed method was studied and tested against data collected on a case history involving a mature Lime tree on Boulder clay at Stacey Hall, Wolverton, England and mechanical properties of Boulder Clay. The results of the analysis showed that the predicted ground displacement is sensitive to all the parameters tested. Initial time step sizes analysis showed that the results differs not more than ±5% indicating there are no problems with convergence. These results suggest that accurate measurements of these parameters would be necessary for the study of ground displacement due root water-uptake.

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2019

Strong ground motions usually trigger lots of slope failures in the affected area. In this work, ... more Strong ground motions usually trigger lots of slope failures in the affected area. In this work, we analyse the occurrence likelihood of earthquake-triggered landslide by employing the ensembles of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) with four well-known metaheuristics techniques, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony optimization (ACO), and differential evolution (DE) algorithms. Twelve landslide conditioning factors namely, elevation, slope degree, lithology, peak ground acceleration (PGA), stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), distance to road, distance to river, distance to fault, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), slope aspect, and plan curvature are considered within the geographic information system (GIS) to produce the required spatial database. In this paper, frequency ratio (FR) model is used to evaluate the spatial interaction between the landslides and conditioning factors. Meantime, among a total of 458 marked earthquake-induced landslides, 366 (80%) are specified to the learning process, and the remaining 92 (20%) landslides are used to evaluate the accuracy of applied models. The landslide susceptibility maps are generated in the GIS environment. Three accuracy criteria of mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUROC) are used to develop a ranking system for comparing the integrity of the designed models. The total ranking scores (TRSs) of 15, 8, 10, and 18, respectively, obtained for PSO-ANFIS, GA-ANFIS, ACO-ANFIS, and DE-ANFIS revealed the superiority of the DE algorithm compared to other metaheuristics techniques. Also, the DE-ANFIS emerged as the fastest ensemble, due to the highest convergence speed obtained for this model.

Food Analytical Methods, 2015

ABSTRACT In this work, methyl β-cyclodextrin (Mβ-CD) was used to increase the solubility of turme... more ABSTRACT In this work, methyl β-cyclodextrin (Mβ-CD) was used to increase the solubility of turmeric rhizome oleoresin (TRO) in aqueous solution by forming inclusion complexes, and the technique was combined with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to extract the curcuminoids from Curcuma domestica Val. Optimized conditions for the MAE were microwave power of 700 W, extraction particle size of 0.30–0.60 mm, extraction time of 3 min, solvent volume of 10 mL, 2 g of sample, and extraction temperature of 60 °C. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of the curcuminoids. Phase solubility study was conducted to investigate the association of Mβ-CD with TRO using curcumin, the major curcuminoid, as a marker compound to represent turmeric oleoresin. The curcumin recovery was increased due to its complexation with Mβ-CD. Linear host–guest correlation with slope of <1 indicated a stoichiometry of 1:1 Mβ-CD-complex, and with this assumption, the stability constant, K C , was calculated as 515.19 M−1. Meanwhile, the molar ratio needed for inclusion complexation between TRO/Mβ-CD was 1:2. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results revealed that the MAE application for the co-precipitation, physical, and kneading methods can all be used for complexation.

Jurnal Teknologi, 2013

Conventional methods for the extraction of natural products from plant are characterised by the c... more Conventional methods for the extraction of natural products from plant are characterised by the consumption of large volumes of solvent, energy, lengthy extraction procedures and the potentially deleterious degradation of labile compounds. In the last two decades there has been an increasing demand for new extraction techniques, amenable to automation, with shortened extraction times, reduced organic solvent consumption, prevention pollution in analytical laboratories and reducing sample preparation costs. Unmodified domestic microwave oven is used in the extraction of phenolicsfrom C. domestica Val. using water as solvent. The Microwave Assisted Extraction produced a better yield of crude extract of 48 mg compared to Soxhlet extraction methods with only an extraction yield 3.4 mg. Effects of extraction time, microwave power and solvent volume are evaluated on the extraction of phenolic compounds.

Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 2007

Lateritic soil was treated with 1-4% cement contents and was admixtured with 2-8% bagasse ash con... more Lateritic soil was treated with 1-4% cement contents and was admixtured with 2-8% bagasse ash content. The paper evaluated the plasticity and particle size distribution characteristic of bagasse ash on cement treated laterite. It was observed that liquid limit and plasticity index reduced while plastic limit increased. As regards the particle size distribution, the was reduction in the percentage of fines as a result of formation of heavier pseudo-and particle with percentage passing BS Sieve No. 200 reduced from 63% to almost zero. However the recommended percentage of bagasse ash should be between 4%-6%.

Engineering with Computers, 2019

In this study, we optimized artificial neural network (ANN) with imperialist competition algorith... more In this study, we optimized artificial neural network (ANN) with imperialist competition algorithm (ICA) for the problem of slope stability design charts. To prepare training and testing datasets for the ANN and ICA-ANN predictive models, an extensive number of limit equilibrium analysis modelings (e.g., for the lower bound, LB, limit analysis and upper bound, UB, limit analysis) was conducted. The analyses were conducted using OptumG2 computer software and implemented on two-layered cohesive soil layer sets. For each of the LB and UB limit analysis, the database consisted of 320 training datasets and 80 testing datasets. Variables of the ICA algorithm such as the number of countries, the number of initial imperialists and the number of decades were optimized using a series of trial-and-error process. The input parameters that used thorough the OptumG2 finite element modeling (FEM) analysis include depth factor (i.e., the ratio of first soil layer thickness to the slope height), slope angle, undrained shear strength ratio where the output was taken dimensionless stability number. The estimated results for both of datasets (e.g., training and testing) from ANN and ICA-ANN models were assessed based on three known statistical indices namely value account for (VAF), root means squared error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R 2). To evaluate the performance of proposed models, color intensity rating (CER) and total ranking method (TRM), i.e., based on the result of statistical indices, was used. After 72 trial-and-error processes (e.g., sensitivity analysis on some neurons) the optimal architecture of 3 × 6 × 1 were found for both of the ANN-UB and ANN-LB models. As a result, both models presented excellent performance, however according to the introduced ranking system the ICA-ANN model could slightly perform a better performance compared to ANN. Based on R 2 , RMSE and VAF values of (0.9999, 0.0107 and 99.9924) and (0.9991, 0.0102 and 99.9913), respectively, were found for training and testing of the optimized ICA-ANN-LB predictive model. Similarly, for the ICA-ANN-UB predictive model, values of (0.9984, 0.0129 and 99.9659) and (0.9984, 0.01047 and 99.9915) were obtained for the R 2 , RMSE and VAF of training and testing datasets, respectively. However, in the ANN model, the R 2 and RMSE for both of the training and testing datasets were (0.9982 and 0.01815) and (0.9972 and 0.01748), respectively. This proves a better performance of the ICA-ANN model in predicting the behaviors of slope stability of cohesive soils and consequently more reliable design solution charts provided herein.

Abandoned sites due to undesirable soil properties has dramatically increased, and the outcome of... more Abandoned sites due to undesirable soil properties has dramatically increased, and the outcome of this resulted to the scarcity of land. This resulted in the finding alternative ways of mitigating the situation. Amongst which is to modify the engineering properties of the native problematic soils to meet the design specifications. The research work seeks to mechanically stabilize the clay soil using sand which is abundant, cheap, environmentally friendly and sustainable. To also propose its suitability to be as base or sub-base layer of an unpaved rural road. Soil characterization was carried out by conducting grain size analysis and consistency limits. The optimum percentage replacement of sand was carried out using 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% sand. A triaxial compression test and unconfined compression test were carried out for these purposes. The optimum percentage of sand replacement was found to be 20%, which was used for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test to determine the CBR value...

The result of a laboratory study on the influence of British Standard Light (BSL), West African S... more The result of a laboratory study on the influence of British Standard Light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard Heavy (BSH) compactive effort on up to 8% bagasse ash content with up to 4% cement treated lateritic soil on compaction and shear strength characteristic of laterite. The result shows decreased in Maximum Dry Density with increased in bagasse ash content and in shear strength properties there was decreased in cohesion and an increased in angle internal friction. The decreased was greater with higher bagasse ash content. However, as compactive effort increased from BSL, WAS and BSH, the value of MDD increased and OMC decreased as a result of flocculation and agglomeration of clay particle occupying larger space with a corresponding drop in dry density and because of extra water required for the pozzalanic reaction of bagasse ash and hydration of cement respectively.

Engineering with Computers, 2019

The advantage of new data mining-based solutions, and more recently, optimization algorithms (i.e... more The advantage of new data mining-based solutions, and more recently, optimization algorithms (i.e., basically swarm-based solutions) have enhanced traditional models of engineering structural analysis. This paper investigates social behavior of Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) in improving the neural assessment of friction capacity ( f s ) of concrete driven pile systems. Besides, the genetic programming (GP) algorithm was also proposed to have comparison with the proposed GWO prediction outputs. To achieve this goal, four f s influential factors of pile length (m), pile diameter (cm), effective vertical stress ( S v ), and undrained shear strength ( S u ) are considered for preparing the required dataset. A swarm size-based sensitivity analysis is then carried out to use the best-fitted structures (i.e., more convergency in the final output) of each ensemble. The results of the best prediction network from both above-mentioned sensitivity analyses were compared. The results show that b...

A volume change was modeled as a result of matric suction change caused by vegetative induced moi... more A volume change was modeled as a result of matric suction change caused by vegetative induced moisture migration. Tree root water-uptake increases soil strength by increasing the soil matric suction and as well causes volume change which might be detrimental to geotechnical structure. Rainfall effects are evaluated for full cycle and simulated for periods that covers a spring/summer soil-drying phase of 6 months followed by an autumn/winter 6 month recharge phase. The effects of with and without rainfall has been incorporated into the simulation work. Generally rainfall reduces the amount of the root generated matric suction and ground movement due to recharge. From the results, vegetative induced matric suction change, induced deformation without considering rainfall effect tends to be too conservative and work of this kind is not complete without inclusion of rainfall data.

Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerator plants in Minna metropolis was characterized to... more Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerator plants in Minna metropolis was characterized to investigate some alternatives for its utilization in road construction and their potential environmental impact. After a detailed physical and geotechnical properties were investigated. The study focused on the use of Bottom ash as an aggregate substitute in pavement applications. The results show that this material may be successfully used as a compacted material in unbound road subgrade or filling. According to Federal Ministry of Works, Nigerian General Specification on Road Construction and Bridge works, bottom ash complies with the technical requirements for subgrade or filling. The use of bottom ash envisaged application should therefore not result in any environmental impact.

journal.au.edu

Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerator plants in Minna metropolis was characterized to... more Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerator plants in Minna metropolis was characterized to investigate some alternatives for its utilization in road construction and their potential environmental impact. After detailed physical and geotechnical properties were investigated, the study focused on the use of bottom ash as an aggregate substitute in pavement applications. The results show that this material may successfully be used as a compacted material in unbound road sub-grade or filling. According to the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing, Nigerian General Specifications (Roads and Bridge Works), bottom ash complies with the technical requirements for sub-grade or filling. The use of bottom ash envisaged application should therefore not result in any environmental impact.

American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2010

Problem statement: Tree root water-uptake increases soil strength by increasing the soil matric s... more Problem statement: Tree root water-uptake increases soil strength by increasing the soil matric suction due to pore pressure dissipation in a soil mass, inducing increases in vertical total stress or water extraction, the effective stress to which the soil strata is subjected to may also increase. This causes volume change which might be detrimental to geotechnical structures and shallow foundation. Approach: This study proposed a methodology that can be used for the prediction of the root wateruptake and deformation. It was suggested that negative pore-water pressures can be estimated through two-dimensional governing equation for unsaturated soil and was converted to axi-symmetrical form due radially nature of tree roots. Results: The results of the root water-uptake analysis were then used as input for the prediction of ground displacements in a stress-deformation analysis. A volume change was modeled as a result of matric suction change caused by vegetative induced moisture migration. The proposed method was studied and tested against data collected on a case history involving a mature Lime tree on Boulder clay at Stacey Hall, Wolverton, England and mechanical properties of Boulder Clay. The recommended safe planting distance of trees of height, H, from buildings a distance, L, away is in form of L: H≥0.5 m ratio. Conclusion: The predicted results from the two dimensional axi-symmetrical analyses agree well with the measured data in terms of both total vertical displacements and final water contents in the soil. Based on hypothesis, the numerical model developed provides practicing geotechnical engineers an effective tool for designing structures on vadose zones containing vegetation.

Ain Shams Engineering Journal

Choosing a suitable training technique out of so many is a critical step, and its importance cann... more Choosing a suitable training technique out of so many is a critical step, and its importance cannot be overemphasized, especially for a problem such as bearing capacity (BC) analysis. The idea is to optimize the configuration of the artificial neural network (ANN) hybridized with the cuttlefish optimization algorithm (CFOA), electrostatic discharge algorithm (ESDA), and Henry gas solubility optimization algorithm (HGSOA), and sine cosine algorithm (SCA) algorithms for soil BC analysis. Applied stress (X7) is discovered as the most important input factor through an unbiased predictor. The training errors are 0.0119, 0.0094, 0.0135, and 0.0139, and the training RMSE values are 0.01560, 0137, 0.0178, and 0.0175 for CFOA–ANN, ESDA–ANN, HGSO–ANN and SCA–ANN, respectively. Also, the testing errors are 00117, 0.0106, 0.0155, and 00151, and the testing RMSE is 0.0159, 0.0153, 0.0202, and 0.0192 for CFOA–ANN, ESDA–ANN, HGSO–ANN and SCA–ANN, respectively. According to RMSE values, the HGSO-ANN has the lowest value and ESDA-ANN has the highest value of RMSE. In comparing the MAE values, the best method was SCA-ANN and the worst one was ESDA-ANN. The second and third methods in presenting the MAE was HGSO-ANN and CFOA-ANN, respectively. While Pearson correlation (Rp) factors in the testing phase are 0.8809, 0.8904, 0.8136, and 0.8252, and in the training phase 0.8757, 0.9048, 0.8370, and 0.8406 for CFOA–ANN, ESDA–ANN, HGSO–ANN and SCA–ANN respectively. In evaluating the Rp value, HGSO-ANN presented the best value and ESDA-ANN has the highest value of Rp. A potentially applicable equation is developed for possible utilization in a compatible practical scenario for ESDA–ANN model as the most accurate. It could be employed as a less time-consuming yet, precise replacement for the conventional approach for BC analysis. As the results indicate, due to the lowest value of RMSE and MAE, and the highest value of Rp, ESDA–ANN model approximated the training and testing datasets slightly better than the others in terms of RMSE, MAE and after that, CFOA-ANN, SCA-ANN, and HGO-ANN models was the second, third and forth methods in predicting the bearing capacity, respectively.

International Journal of Physical Sciences, Jul 18, 2011

A model is a tool that simulates the reality through simplification by ignoring what is not impor... more A model is a tool that simulates the reality through simplification by ignoring what is not important. Therefore, assumptions are usually involved, prompting the need for parametric analysis for identification of the responsive parameters with respect to the numerical simulation results. A negative pore-water pressure was estimated through two-dimensional governing equation for unsaturated soil in an axi-symmetrical form due radial nature tree roots water-uptake. The results of the root wateruptake analysis are then used as an input for the prediction of ground displacements in a stressdeformation analysis. The proposed method was studied and tested against data collected on a case history involving a mature Lime tree on Boulder clay at Stacey Hall, Wolverton, England and mechanical properties of Boulder Clay. The results of the analysis showed that the predicted ground displacement is sensitive to all the parameters tested. Initial time step sizes analysis showed that the results differs not more than ±5% indicating there are no problems with convergence. These results suggest that accurate measurements of these parameters would be necessary for the study of ground displacement due root water-uptake.

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2019

Strong ground motions usually trigger lots of slope failures in the affected area. In this work, ... more Strong ground motions usually trigger lots of slope failures in the affected area. In this work, we analyse the occurrence likelihood of earthquake-triggered landslide by employing the ensembles of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) with four well-known metaheuristics techniques, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony optimization (ACO), and differential evolution (DE) algorithms. Twelve landslide conditioning factors namely, elevation, slope degree, lithology, peak ground acceleration (PGA), stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), distance to road, distance to river, distance to fault, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), slope aspect, and plan curvature are considered within the geographic information system (GIS) to produce the required spatial database. In this paper, frequency ratio (FR) model is used to evaluate the spatial interaction between the landslides and conditioning factors. Meantime, among a total of 458 marked earthquake-induced landslides, 366 (80%) are specified to the learning process, and the remaining 92 (20%) landslides are used to evaluate the accuracy of applied models. The landslide susceptibility maps are generated in the GIS environment. Three accuracy criteria of mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUROC) are used to develop a ranking system for comparing the integrity of the designed models. The total ranking scores (TRSs) of 15, 8, 10, and 18, respectively, obtained for PSO-ANFIS, GA-ANFIS, ACO-ANFIS, and DE-ANFIS revealed the superiority of the DE algorithm compared to other metaheuristics techniques. Also, the DE-ANFIS emerged as the fastest ensemble, due to the highest convergence speed obtained for this model.

Food Analytical Methods, 2015

ABSTRACT In this work, methyl β-cyclodextrin (Mβ-CD) was used to increase the solubility of turme... more ABSTRACT In this work, methyl β-cyclodextrin (Mβ-CD) was used to increase the solubility of turmeric rhizome oleoresin (TRO) in aqueous solution by forming inclusion complexes, and the technique was combined with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to extract the curcuminoids from Curcuma domestica Val. Optimized conditions for the MAE were microwave power of 700 W, extraction particle size of 0.30–0.60 mm, extraction time of 3 min, solvent volume of 10 mL, 2 g of sample, and extraction temperature of 60 °C. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of the curcuminoids. Phase solubility study was conducted to investigate the association of Mβ-CD with TRO using curcumin, the major curcuminoid, as a marker compound to represent turmeric oleoresin. The curcumin recovery was increased due to its complexation with Mβ-CD. Linear host–guest correlation with slope of <1 indicated a stoichiometry of 1:1 Mβ-CD-complex, and with this assumption, the stability constant, K C , was calculated as 515.19 M−1. Meanwhile, the molar ratio needed for inclusion complexation between TRO/Mβ-CD was 1:2. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results revealed that the MAE application for the co-precipitation, physical, and kneading methods can all be used for complexation.

Jurnal Teknologi, 2013

Conventional methods for the extraction of natural products from plant are characterised by the c... more Conventional methods for the extraction of natural products from plant are characterised by the consumption of large volumes of solvent, energy, lengthy extraction procedures and the potentially deleterious degradation of labile compounds. In the last two decades there has been an increasing demand for new extraction techniques, amenable to automation, with shortened extraction times, reduced organic solvent consumption, prevention pollution in analytical laboratories and reducing sample preparation costs. Unmodified domestic microwave oven is used in the extraction of phenolicsfrom C. domestica Val. using water as solvent. The Microwave Assisted Extraction produced a better yield of crude extract of 48 mg compared to Soxhlet extraction methods with only an extraction yield 3.4 mg. Effects of extraction time, microwave power and solvent volume are evaluated on the extraction of phenolic compounds.

Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 2007

Lateritic soil was treated with 1-4% cement contents and was admixtured with 2-8% bagasse ash con... more Lateritic soil was treated with 1-4% cement contents and was admixtured with 2-8% bagasse ash content. The paper evaluated the plasticity and particle size distribution characteristic of bagasse ash on cement treated laterite. It was observed that liquid limit and plasticity index reduced while plastic limit increased. As regards the particle size distribution, the was reduction in the percentage of fines as a result of formation of heavier pseudo-and particle with percentage passing BS Sieve No. 200 reduced from 63% to almost zero. However the recommended percentage of bagasse ash should be between 4%-6%.

Engineering with Computers, 2019

In this study, we optimized artificial neural network (ANN) with imperialist competition algorith... more In this study, we optimized artificial neural network (ANN) with imperialist competition algorithm (ICA) for the problem of slope stability design charts. To prepare training and testing datasets for the ANN and ICA-ANN predictive models, an extensive number of limit equilibrium analysis modelings (e.g., for the lower bound, LB, limit analysis and upper bound, UB, limit analysis) was conducted. The analyses were conducted using OptumG2 computer software and implemented on two-layered cohesive soil layer sets. For each of the LB and UB limit analysis, the database consisted of 320 training datasets and 80 testing datasets. Variables of the ICA algorithm such as the number of countries, the number of initial imperialists and the number of decades were optimized using a series of trial-and-error process. The input parameters that used thorough the OptumG2 finite element modeling (FEM) analysis include depth factor (i.e., the ratio of first soil layer thickness to the slope height), slope angle, undrained shear strength ratio where the output was taken dimensionless stability number. The estimated results for both of datasets (e.g., training and testing) from ANN and ICA-ANN models were assessed based on three known statistical indices namely value account for (VAF), root means squared error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R 2). To evaluate the performance of proposed models, color intensity rating (CER) and total ranking method (TRM), i.e., based on the result of statistical indices, was used. After 72 trial-and-error processes (e.g., sensitivity analysis on some neurons) the optimal architecture of 3 × 6 × 1 were found for both of the ANN-UB and ANN-LB models. As a result, both models presented excellent performance, however according to the introduced ranking system the ICA-ANN model could slightly perform a better performance compared to ANN. Based on R 2 , RMSE and VAF values of (0.9999, 0.0107 and 99.9924) and (0.9991, 0.0102 and 99.9913), respectively, were found for training and testing of the optimized ICA-ANN-LB predictive model. Similarly, for the ICA-ANN-UB predictive model, values of (0.9984, 0.0129 and 99.9659) and (0.9984, 0.01047 and 99.9915) were obtained for the R 2 , RMSE and VAF of training and testing datasets, respectively. However, in the ANN model, the R 2 and RMSE for both of the training and testing datasets were (0.9982 and 0.01815) and (0.9972 and 0.01748), respectively. This proves a better performance of the ICA-ANN model in predicting the behaviors of slope stability of cohesive soils and consequently more reliable design solution charts provided herein.

Abandoned sites due to undesirable soil properties has dramatically increased, and the outcome of... more Abandoned sites due to undesirable soil properties has dramatically increased, and the outcome of this resulted to the scarcity of land. This resulted in the finding alternative ways of mitigating the situation. Amongst which is to modify the engineering properties of the native problematic soils to meet the design specifications. The research work seeks to mechanically stabilize the clay soil using sand which is abundant, cheap, environmentally friendly and sustainable. To also propose its suitability to be as base or sub-base layer of an unpaved rural road. Soil characterization was carried out by conducting grain size analysis and consistency limits. The optimum percentage replacement of sand was carried out using 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% sand. A triaxial compression test and unconfined compression test were carried out for these purposes. The optimum percentage of sand replacement was found to be 20%, which was used for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test to determine the CBR value...

The result of a laboratory study on the influence of British Standard Light (BSL), West African S... more The result of a laboratory study on the influence of British Standard Light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard Heavy (BSH) compactive effort on up to 8% bagasse ash content with up to 4% cement treated lateritic soil on compaction and shear strength characteristic of laterite. The result shows decreased in Maximum Dry Density with increased in bagasse ash content and in shear strength properties there was decreased in cohesion and an increased in angle internal friction. The decreased was greater with higher bagasse ash content. However, as compactive effort increased from BSL, WAS and BSH, the value of MDD increased and OMC decreased as a result of flocculation and agglomeration of clay particle occupying larger space with a corresponding drop in dry density and because of extra water required for the pozzalanic reaction of bagasse ash and hydration of cement respectively.

Engineering with Computers, 2019

The advantage of new data mining-based solutions, and more recently, optimization algorithms (i.e... more The advantage of new data mining-based solutions, and more recently, optimization algorithms (i.e., basically swarm-based solutions) have enhanced traditional models of engineering structural analysis. This paper investigates social behavior of Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) in improving the neural assessment of friction capacity ( f s ) of concrete driven pile systems. Besides, the genetic programming (GP) algorithm was also proposed to have comparison with the proposed GWO prediction outputs. To achieve this goal, four f s influential factors of pile length (m), pile diameter (cm), effective vertical stress ( S v ), and undrained shear strength ( S u ) are considered for preparing the required dataset. A swarm size-based sensitivity analysis is then carried out to use the best-fitted structures (i.e., more convergency in the final output) of each ensemble. The results of the best prediction network from both above-mentioned sensitivity analyses were compared. The results show that b...

A volume change was modeled as a result of matric suction change caused by vegetative induced moi... more A volume change was modeled as a result of matric suction change caused by vegetative induced moisture migration. Tree root water-uptake increases soil strength by increasing the soil matric suction and as well causes volume change which might be detrimental to geotechnical structure. Rainfall effects are evaluated for full cycle and simulated for periods that covers a spring/summer soil-drying phase of 6 months followed by an autumn/winter 6 month recharge phase. The effects of with and without rainfall has been incorporated into the simulation work. Generally rainfall reduces the amount of the root generated matric suction and ground movement due to recharge. From the results, vegetative induced matric suction change, induced deformation without considering rainfall effect tends to be too conservative and work of this kind is not complete without inclusion of rainfall data.

Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerator plants in Minna metropolis was characterized to... more Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerator plants in Minna metropolis was characterized to investigate some alternatives for its utilization in road construction and their potential environmental impact. After a detailed physical and geotechnical properties were investigated. The study focused on the use of Bottom ash as an aggregate substitute in pavement applications. The results show that this material may be successfully used as a compacted material in unbound road subgrade or filling. According to Federal Ministry of Works, Nigerian General Specification on Road Construction and Bridge works, bottom ash complies with the technical requirements for subgrade or filling. The use of bottom ash envisaged application should therefore not result in any environmental impact.

journal.au.edu

Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerator plants in Minna metropolis was characterized to... more Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerator plants in Minna metropolis was characterized to investigate some alternatives for its utilization in road construction and their potential environmental impact. After detailed physical and geotechnical properties were investigated, the study focused on the use of bottom ash as an aggregate substitute in pavement applications. The results show that this material may successfully be used as a compacted material in unbound road sub-grade or filling. According to the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing, Nigerian General Specifications (Roads and Bridge Works), bottom ash complies with the technical requirements for sub-grade or filling. The use of bottom ash envisaged application should therefore not result in any environmental impact.

American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2010

Problem statement: Tree root water-uptake increases soil strength by increasing the soil matric s... more Problem statement: Tree root water-uptake increases soil strength by increasing the soil matric suction due to pore pressure dissipation in a soil mass, inducing increases in vertical total stress or water extraction, the effective stress to which the soil strata is subjected to may also increase. This causes volume change which might be detrimental to geotechnical structures and shallow foundation. Approach: This study proposed a methodology that can be used for the prediction of the root wateruptake and deformation. It was suggested that negative pore-water pressures can be estimated through two-dimensional governing equation for unsaturated soil and was converted to axi-symmetrical form due radially nature of tree roots. Results: The results of the root water-uptake analysis were then used as input for the prediction of ground displacements in a stress-deformation analysis. A volume change was modeled as a result of matric suction change caused by vegetative induced moisture migration. The proposed method was studied and tested against data collected on a case history involving a mature Lime tree on Boulder clay at Stacey Hall, Wolverton, England and mechanical properties of Boulder Clay. The recommended safe planting distance of trees of height, H, from buildings a distance, L, away is in form of L: H≥0.5 m ratio. Conclusion: The predicted results from the two dimensional axi-symmetrical analyses agree well with the measured data in terms of both total vertical displacements and final water contents in the soil. Based on hypothesis, the numerical model developed provides practicing geotechnical engineers an effective tool for designing structures on vadose zones containing vegetation.