Dr. Sarada D Tetali - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr. Sarada D Tetali
Metabolomics of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: Advances and applications
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Interactions of different lipoproteins with supported phospholipid raft membrane (SPRM) patterns to understand similar in-vivo processes
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
Effects of extracts prepared from modified porous poly(ether imide) microparticulate absorbers on cytotoxicity, macrophage differentiation and proinflammatory behavior of human monocytic (THP-1) cells
Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation
Dry leaf extracts of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory condition in human monocytic (THP-1) cells
Phytomedicine
Phytochemistry
Crude proteinase inhibitors (CPIs) extracted from the seeds of Rhynchosia sublobata, a wild relat... more Crude proteinase inhibitors (CPIs) extracted from the seeds of Rhynchosia sublobata, a wild relative of pigeon pea showed pronounced inhibitory activity on the larval gut trypsin-like proteases of lepidopteran insect pest e Achaea janata. Consequently, a full-length cDNA of Bowman-Birk inhibitor gene (RsBBI1) was cloned from the immature seeds of R. sublobata. It contained an ORF of 360 bp encoding a 119-amino acid polypeptide (13.3 kDa) chain with an N-terminus signal sequence comprising of 22 amino acids. The amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analysis together revealed that RsBBI1 exhibited a close relation with BBIs from soybean and Phaseolus spp. A cDNA sequence corresponding to RsBBI1 mature protein (89 amino acid stretch) was expressed in E. coli. The recombinant rRsBBI1 protein with a molecular mass of 9.97 kDa was purified using trypsin affinity chromatography. The purified rRsBBI1 exhibited non-competitive mode of inhibition of both bovine trypsin (Ki of 358 ± 11 nM) and chymotrypsin (Ki of 446 ± 9 nM). Its inhibitory activity against these proteases was stable at high temperatures (>95 C) and a wide pH range but sensitive to reduction with dithiothreitol (DTT), indicating the importance of disulphide bridges in exhibiting its activity. Also, rRsBBI1 showed significant inhibitory activity (IC 50 ¼ 70 ng) on A. janata larval gut trypsin-like proteases (AjGPs). Conversely, it showed <1% inhibitory activity (IC 50 ¼ 8 mg) on H. armigera larval gut trypsin-like proteases (HaGPs) than it has against AjGPs. Besides, in vivo feeding experiments clearly indicated the deleterious effects of rRsBBI1 on larval growth and development in A. janata which suggests it can be further exploited for such properties.
Terpenes and isoprenoids: a wealth of compounds for global use
Planta
Current Science
The action of turmeric depends on three curcuminoids: curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethox... more The action of turmeric depends on three curcuminoids: curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, whose distribution is highly varied among cultivars. A sensitive method for estimation of all three curcuminoids is essential for quality control. We developed a HPLC-MS method with lowest limits of detection and quantification of curcuminoids. Mass spectrometry (MS) authenticated the identity of curcuminoids. Principal component analysis of curcuminoids established the high variation among the selected seven cultivars of Curcuma, as well as commercial powders. We suggest that our HPLC method can be used for quality control of turmeric.
Current Science, 2016
Secondary metabolites from plants provide lead molecules for drug development. Metabolomics is a ... more Secondary metabolites from plants provide lead molecules for drug development. Metabolomics is a modern omic-technique for comprehensive analysis of phytochemicals. Advances in mass spectrometry (MS) based platforms like GC-MS and LC-MS, helped in separation and identification of several metabolites. Such analysis can be a valuable tool for identifying potential biomolecules from medicinal plants. Despite the potential use, metabolomics data of Indian medicinal plants and spices are extremely limited. Similarly, metabolomic studies on Ayurvedic formulations, e.g. Triphala/ Trikatu, are lacking. Our review emphasizes the importance of metabolomics of Indian medicinal plants, crucial for quality evaluation and scientific validation of herbal products.
Influence of nanoporous poly (ether imide) particle extracts on human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs)
Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, 2016
Accumulated uremic toxins like indoxyl sulphate, hippuric acid and p-cresyl sulphates in renal fa... more Accumulated uremic toxins like indoxyl sulphate, hippuric acid and p-cresyl sulphates in renal failure patients stimulate proinflammatory effects, and consequently kidney and cardiovascular diseases. Low clearance rate of these uremic toxins from the blood of uremic patients by conventional techniques like hemodialysis is due to their strong covalent albumin binding (greater than 95%) and hydrophobic nature, which led to alternatives like usage of hydrophobic adsorber&amp;#39;s in removing these toxins from the plasma of kidney patients. Polymers like polyethylene, polyurethane, polymethylmethacrylate, cellophane and polytetrafluoroethylene were already in use as substitutes for metal devices as dialysis membranes. Among new synthetic polymers, one such ideal adsorber material are highly porous microparticles of poly(ether imide) (PEI) with diameters in the range from 50-180μm and a porosity around 88±2% prepared by a spraying and coagulation process.It is essential to make sure that these synthetic polymers should not evoke any inflammatory or apoptotic response during dialysis. Therefore in our study we evaluated in vitro effect of PEI microparticle extracts in human aortic endothelial cells (HEACs) concerning toxicity, inflammation and apoptosis. No cell toxicity was observed when HAECs were treated with PEI extracts and inflammatory/apoptotic markers were not upregulated in presence of PEI extracts. Our results ensure biocompatibility of PEI particles and further hemocompatibility of particles will be tested.
Adsorption capacity of poly(ether imide) microparticles to uremic toxins
Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, 2016
Uremia is a phenomenon caused by retention of uremic toxins in the plasma due to functional impai... more Uremia is a phenomenon caused by retention of uremic toxins in the plasma due to functional impairment of kidneys in the elimination of urinary waste products. Uremia is presently treated by dialysis techniques like hemofiltration, dialysis or hemodiafiltration. However, these techniques in use are more favorable towards removing hydrophilic than hydrophobic uremic toxins. Hydrophobic uremic toxins, such as hydroxy hipuric acid (OH-HPA), phenylacetic acid (PAA), indoxyl sulfate (IDS) and p-cresylsulfate (pCRS), contribute substantially to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, objective of the present study is to test adsorption capacity of highly porous microparticles prepared from poly(ether imide) (PEI) as an alternative technique for the removal of uremic toxins. Two types of nanoporous, spherically shaped microparticles were prepared from PEI by a spraying/coagulation process.PEI particles were packed into a preparative HPLC column to which a mixture of the four types of uremic toxins was injected and eluted with ethanol. Eluted toxins were quantified by analytical HPLC. PEI particles were able to adsorb all four toxins, with the highest affinity for PAA and pCR. IDS and OH-HPA showed a partially non-reversible binding. In summary, PEI particles are interesting candidates to be explored for future application in CKD.
Effect of extracts of poly(ether imide) microparticles on cytotoxicity, ROS generation and proinflammatory effects on human monocytic (THP-1) cells
Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation, Jan 26, 2015
Current haemodialysis techniques are not capable to remove efficiently low molecular weight hydro... more Current haemodialysis techniques are not capable to remove efficiently low molecular weight hydrophobic uremic toxins from the blood of patients suffering from chronic renal failure. With respect to the hydrophobic characteristics and the high level of protein binding of these uremic toxins, hydrophobic adsorber materials might be an alternative to remove these substances from the plasma of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Here nanoporous microparticles prepared from poly(ether imide) (PEI) with an average diameter of 90±30μm and a porosity around 88±2% prepared by a spraying/coagulation process are considered as candidate adsorber materials. A prerequisite for the clinical application of such particles is their biocompatibility, which can be examined i.e. indirectly in cell culture experiments with the particles' extracts. In this work we studied the effects of aqueous extracts of PEI microparticles on the viability of THP-1 cells, a human leukemia monocytic cell line...
tla1, a DNA insertional transformant of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with a truncated light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna size
Planta, 2003
DNA insertional mutagenesis and screening of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was employe... more DNA insertional mutagenesis and screening of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was employed to isolate tla1, a stable transformant having a truncated light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna size. Molecular analysis showed a single plasmid insertion into an open reading frame of the nuclear genome corresponding to a novel gene ( Tla1) that encodes a protein of 213 amino acids. Genetic analysis showed co-segregation of plasmid and tla1 phenotype. Biochemical analyses showed the tla1 mutant to be chlorophyll deficient, with a functional chlorophyll antenna size of photosystem I and photosystem II being about 50% and 65% of that of the wild type, respectively. It contained a correspondingly lower amount of light-harvesting proteins than the wild type and had lower steady-state levels of Lhcb mRNA. The tla1 strain required a higher light intensity for the saturation of photosynthesis and showed greater solar conversion efficiencies and a higher photosynthetic productivity than the wi...
SpringerPlus, 2013
Vascular endothelium expresses both the estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β, and ERα mediates develo... more Vascular endothelium expresses both the estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β, and ERα mediates development of early atherosclerosis in male mice. This process is thought to be testosterone-dependent. We hypothesized that male murine aortic endothelium produces robust levels of estradiol by aromatase conversion of testosterone, and that regulation of this process is mediated by the presence of ERs, primarily ERα. Aortic endothelium was isolated from ERα knockout (ERα-/-) and wild-type (ERα +/+) male mice and treated with testosterone or the 5α reduction product dihydrotestosterone (DHT), with or without the P450 aromatase inhibitor anastrazole, or a non-specific estrogen receptor antagonist. Aromatase gene expression and estradiol production were assayed. Treatment with testosterone, but not DHT, caused increased aromatase expression and estradiol production in ERα +/+ endothelium that was attenuated by disruption of ERα in the ERα-/-group. Anastrazole inhibition of aromatase reduced testosterone-induced aromatase expression and estradiol levels in both ERα-/-and ERα +/+ endothelium. Antagonism of both ERs decreased testosterone-induced aromatase expression in both wild-type and knockout groups. The effects of the receptor antagonist on estradiol production differed between the two groups, however, with a reduction in estradiol release from the ERα +/+ cells and complete abolition of estradiol release from the ERα-/-cells. Thus, estradiol production in vascular endothelium from male mice is robust, depends on the aromatic conversion of testosterone and requires functional ERα to achieve maximal levels of estradiol generation. Local vascular production of aromatase-mediated estradiol in response to circulating testosterone may affect ERαdependent mechanisms to increase susceptibility to early atheroma formation in male mice. This pathway may have important therapeutic relevance for reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in human males.
THE PLANT CELL ONLINE, 2004
DNA insertional transformants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were screened chemochromically for att... more DNA insertional transformants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were screened chemochromically for attenuated H 2 production. One mutant, displaying low H 2 gas photoproduction, has a nonfunctional copy of a gene that shows high homology to the family of isoamylase genes found in several photosynthetic organisms. DNA gel blotting and gene complementation were used to link this isoamylase gene to previously characterized nontagged sta7 mutants. This mutant is therefore denoted sta7-10. In C. reinhardtii, the STA7 isoamylase gene is important for the accumulation of crystalline starch, and the sta7-10 mutant reported here contains <3% of the glucose found in insoluble starch when compared with wild-type control cells. Hydrogen photoproduction rates, induced after several hours of dark, anaerobic treatment, are attenuated in sta7 mutants. RNA gel blot analysis indicates that the mRNA transcripts for both the HydA1 and HydA2 [Fe]-hydrogenase genes are expressed in the sta7-10 mutant at greater than wild-type levels 0.5 h after anaerobic induction. However, after 1.5 h, transcript levels of both HydA1 and HydA2 begin to decline rapidly and reach nearly undetectable levels after 7 h. In wildtype cells, the hydrogenase transcripts accumulate more slowly, reach a plateau after 4 h of anaerobic treatment, and maintain the same level of expression for >7 h under anaerobic incubation. Complementation of mutant cells with genomic DNA corresponding to the STA7 gene restores both the starch accumulation and H 2 production phenotypes. The results indicate that STA7 and starch metabolism play an important role in C. reinhardtii H 2 photoproduction. Moreover, the results indicate that mere anaerobiosis is not sufficient to maintain hydrogenase gene expression without the underlying physiology, an important aspect of which is starch metabolism.
PLoS ONE, 2012
Objective: Postprandial hyperlipemia, characterized by increased circulating very low-density lip... more Objective: Postprandial hyperlipemia, characterized by increased circulating very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), has been proposed as a mechanism of vascular injury. Our goal was to examine the interactions between postprandial lipoproteins, LPS, and apoE3 and apoE4 on monocyte activation. Methods and Results: We showed that apoE3 complexed to phospholipid vesicles attenuates LPS-induced THP-1 monocyte cytokine expression, while apoE4 increases expression. ELISA revealed that apoE3 binds to LPS with higher affinity than apoE4. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of site-directed spin labels placed on specific amino acids of apoE3 showed that LPS interferes with conformational changes normally associated with lipid binding. Specifically, compared to apoE4, apoE bearing the E3-like R112RSer mutation displays increased self association when exposed to LPS, consistent with a stronger apoE3-LPS interaction. Additionally, lipolysis of fasting VLDL from normal human donors attenuated LPS-induced TNFa secretion from monocytes to a greater extent than postprandial VLDL, an effect partially reversed by blocking apoE. This effect was reproduced using fasting VLDL lipolysis products from e3/e3 donors, but not from e4/e4 subjects, suggesting that apoE3 on fasting VLDL prevents LPS-induced inflammation more readily than apoE4. Conclusion: Postprandial apoE isoform and conformational changes associated with VLDL dramatically modulate vascular inflammation.
Planta, 2007
The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii tla1 (truncated light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna size) mutant w... more The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii tla1 (truncated light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna size) mutant was generated upon DNA insertional mutagenesis and shown to speciWcally possess a smaller than wild type (WT) chlorophyll antenna size in both photosystems. Molecular and genetic analysis revealed that the exogenous plasmid DNA was inserted at the end of the 5Ј UTR and just prior to the ATG start codon of a hitherto unknown nuclear gene (termed Tla1), which encodes a protein of 213 amino acids. The Tla1 gene in the mutant is transcribed with a new 5Ј UTR sequence, derived from the 3Ј end of the transforming plasmid. This replacement of the native 5Ј UTR and promoter regions resulted in enhanced transcription of the tla1 gene in the mutant but inhibition in the translation of the respective tla1 mRNA. Transformation of the tla1 mutant with WT Tla1 genomic DNA successfully rescued the mutant. These results are evidence that polymorphism in the 5Ј UTR of the Tla1 transcripts resulted in the tla1 phenotype and that expression of the Tla1 gene is a prerequisite for the development/ assembly of the Chl antenna in C. reinhardtii. A blast search with the Tla1 deduced amino acid sequence revealed that this protein is highly conserved in many eukaryotes. It showed homology to a protein of unknown function in Arabidopsis thaliana (73%), Oryza sativa (76%), Drosophila melanogaster (71%) and Homo sapiens (67%). The Tla1 gene apparently regulates genes that deWne the Chl antenna size in the photosynthetic apparatus of C. reinhardtii. Potential applications of the Tla1 gene in photosynthesis and biotechnology are discussed.
The Journal of Lipid Research, 2010
Supplementary key words lipid fl uidity • postprandial state • structural conformation • very low... more Supplementary key words lipid fl uidity • postprandial state • structural conformation • very low density lipoprotein Apolipoprotein E (apoE), a 34 kDa protein that is important in lipid metabolism and cholesterol transport, has three common alleles (2, 3, and 4). ApoE polymorphisms infl uence the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders (1). ApoE3 binds preferentially to HDL and apoE4 to VLDL (2). ApoE contains a 22 kDa N-terminal domain (residues 1-191) and a 10 kDa C-terminal domain (residues 222-299) separated by a protease-sensitive loop (3). ApoE4 shows a more pronounced domain interaction or closed conformation than the other apoE isoforms because it has Arg-112, which enables Arg-61 in the N-terminal domain to interact with Glu-255 in the C-terminal domain, a feature responsible for the preferential association of apoE4 with VLDL (4, 5). Upon binding to lipid, apolipoproteins undergo conformational rearrangements (6, 7) that affect their function. The association of apoE isoform-dependant postprandial lipoprotein metabolism with vascular disease is not well understood. Previously, we reported that lipolytic products of VLDL reduce the intermolecular inter-Abstract Our previous work indicated that apolipoprotein (apo) E4 assumes a more expanded conformation in the postprandial period. The postprandial state is characterized by increased VLDL lipolysis. In this article, we tested the hypothesis that VLDL lipolysis products increase VLDL particle fl uidity, which mediates expansion of apoE4 on the VLDL particle. Plasma from healthy subjects was collected before and after a moderately high-fat meal and incubated with nitroxyl-spin labeled apoE. ApoE conformation was examined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using targeted spin probes on cysteines introduced in the N-terminal (S76C) and C-terminal (A241C) domains. Further, we synthesized a novel nitroxyl spin-labeled cholesterol analog, which gave insight into lipoprotein particle fl uidity. Our data revealed that the order of lipoprotein fl uidity was HDL~LDL<VLDL<VLDL+lipoprotein lipase. Moreover, the conformation of apoE4 depended on the lipoprotein fraction: VLDL-associated apoE4 had a more linear conformation than apoE4 associated with LDL or HDL. Further, by changing VLDL fl uidity, VLDL lipolysis products significantly altered apoE4 into a more expanded conformation. Our studies indicate that after every meal, VLDL fl uidity is increased causing apoE4 associated with VLDL to assume a more expanded conformation, potentially enhancing the pathogenicity of apoE4 in vascular tissue.-Tetali, S.
The Journal of Lipid Research, 2006
Increased triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) in the postprandial state are associated with at... more Increased triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) in the postprandial state are associated with atherosclerosis. We investigated whether the postprandial state induced structural changes at the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) C terminus, its principal lipid binding domain, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of a site-directed spin label attached to the cysteine of apoE4-W264C. Spin coupling between labels located in the C termini was followed after mixing with preprandial and postprandial human plasma samples. Our results indicate that postprandial plasma triggers a reorganization of the protein such that the dipolar broadening is diminished, indicating a reduction in Cterminal interaction. The loss of spectral broadening was directly correlated with an increase in postprandial plasma triglycerides and was reduced with delipidated plasma. The spin-labeled apoE4 displayed a lipid preference of VLDL. LDL. HDL in the preprandial and postprandial states. The apoE4 shift to VLDL during the postprandial state was accompanied by a loss in spectral broadening of the protein. These findings suggest that apoE4 associated with LDL maintains self-association via its C terminus and that this association is diminished in VLDL-associated protein. Lipolyzed TGRL reflected a depletion of the C-terminal interaction of apoE4. Addition of palmitate to VLDL gave a similar response as lipolyzed TGRL, suggesting that lipolysis products play a major role in reorganizing apoE4 during the postprandial state.-Tetali,
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Stem bark gum resin extract of Boswellia serrata is traditionally... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Stem bark gum resin extract of Boswellia serrata is traditionally used in India for its hemostatic, antiinflammatory and cardiovascular health effects and it is named asŚallakī in Ayurvedic medicine. Aim of the study: This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative and antithrombotic properties of stem bark gum resin extracts of Boswellia serrata (BS). Materials and methods: The inhibitory activity of the BSWE and BSAE on FeCl 3 induced lipid peroxidation (in vitro) in rat liver and heart homogenates was measured spectrophotometrically. Their effect on H 2 O 2 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human monocytic (THP-1) cells was investigated by tracking intensity of a cell permeable fluorescent dye, H 2 DCFDA and subjecting the cell samples to confocal microscopy. Further, the effect of BSAE and BSWE on ADP-induced platelet aggregation was assessed using a multimode detection plate reader, plasma coagulation times using an automated blood coagulation analyzer and on human blood clotting factors Xa and XIa using chromogenic substrate. Phytomarker analysis of the water (BSWE) and hydroalcoholic (BSAE) extracts of BS-gum resin was done through HPLC using a standard compound AKBA. Results: BSAE and BSWE inhibited, to varied extents, the lipid peroxidation in liver (80%) and heart (50%) tissue homogenates of male Wistar rats. Further, BSAE (30 g dwt/mL) and BSWE (300 g dwt/mL) attenuated ≥60% of H 2 O 2 mediated ROS generation in THP-1 cells. In case of standard compounds, ascorbate (20 g dwt/mL) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (10 g dwt/mL) completely scavenged ROS in the cells. BSAE and BSWE at 3 mg dwt/mL completely inhibited ADP induced platelet aggregation and activities were comparable to 20 g/mL of heparin. The extracts also showed very high activity in prolonging coagulation time periods. Both types of extracts extended prothrombin time (PT) from ∼13 to >60 s and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) from ∼32 s to >90 s. BSAE inhibited clotting factors Xa and XIa remarkably at 6 g of dwt where as BSWE did not show much effect on FXa and showed 30% inhibition on FXIa at 120 g. 10 g of heparin was required to inhibit about 30% activity of the above factors. HPLC analyses suggested that BSAE and BSWE had AKBA of 9% (w/w) and 7.8% (w/w) respectively. Conclusion: Present study demonstrated antioxidant and antithrombotic anticoagulant activities of water and hydroalcoholic extracts of Boswellia serrata's gum resin. We suggest that BS-gum resin as a good source for lead/therapeutic compounds possessing antioxidant, antiplatelet and anticoagulant activities.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Terminalia arjuna-stem bark extract is traditionally used as card... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Terminalia arjuna-stem bark extract is traditionally used as cardiotonic in Ayurvedic medicine. Aim of the study: The present study was aimed to evaluate the molecular basis for cardioprotective potential of Terminalia arjuna (TA) stem bark, using cell cultures of human monocytic (THP-1) and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Materials and methods: Inhibitory effect of alcoholic (TAAE) and aqueous (TAWE) extracts of TA-stem bark was assessed on human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, lipoprotein lipase (LpL) and lipid peroxidation in rat (wistar) liver and heart homogenates. The patterns of H 2 O 2 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were observed by confocal microscopy. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and reducing power of the cells were measured in a microplate reader. Gene transcripts of proinflammatory markers in THP-1 and HAECs were assayed by real time PCR and levels of inflammatory protein markers by ELISA or flow cytometry. Phytochemical analyses of TAAE and TAWE were done using liquid chromatography, coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: TAAE and TAWE inhibited the lipid peroxidation and HMG-CoA reductase but had no effect on LpL. Both the extracts attenuated H 2 O 2 mediated ROS generation in THP-1 cells by promoting catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and by sustaining cellular reducing power. TAAE was highly effective in attenuating proinflammatory gene transcripts in THP-1 cells and HAECs, whereas the response to TAWE depended on the type of transcript and cell type. Both extracts decreased the levels of typical inflammatory marker proteins, viz. LPS induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a secreted by THP-1 cells and TNF-a induced cell surface adhesion molecules on HAECs, namely vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin. Phytochemical analyses indicated the richness in phenolic compounds and terpenes of TAAE and TAWE, while revealing variability in their metabolite profile. Conclusion: Our study scientifically validates the antioxidative and antiinflammatory properties of Terminalia arjuna stem bark. The marked effects on cultured human monocytic and aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) provide the biochemical and molecular basis for therapeutic potential of TA-stem bark against cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
Metabolomics of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: Advances and applications
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Interactions of different lipoproteins with supported phospholipid raft membrane (SPRM) patterns to understand similar in-vivo processes
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
Effects of extracts prepared from modified porous poly(ether imide) microparticulate absorbers on cytotoxicity, macrophage differentiation and proinflammatory behavior of human monocytic (THP-1) cells
Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation
Dry leaf extracts of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory condition in human monocytic (THP-1) cells
Phytomedicine
Phytochemistry
Crude proteinase inhibitors (CPIs) extracted from the seeds of Rhynchosia sublobata, a wild relat... more Crude proteinase inhibitors (CPIs) extracted from the seeds of Rhynchosia sublobata, a wild relative of pigeon pea showed pronounced inhibitory activity on the larval gut trypsin-like proteases of lepidopteran insect pest e Achaea janata. Consequently, a full-length cDNA of Bowman-Birk inhibitor gene (RsBBI1) was cloned from the immature seeds of R. sublobata. It contained an ORF of 360 bp encoding a 119-amino acid polypeptide (13.3 kDa) chain with an N-terminus signal sequence comprising of 22 amino acids. The amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analysis together revealed that RsBBI1 exhibited a close relation with BBIs from soybean and Phaseolus spp. A cDNA sequence corresponding to RsBBI1 mature protein (89 amino acid stretch) was expressed in E. coli. The recombinant rRsBBI1 protein with a molecular mass of 9.97 kDa was purified using trypsin affinity chromatography. The purified rRsBBI1 exhibited non-competitive mode of inhibition of both bovine trypsin (Ki of 358 ± 11 nM) and chymotrypsin (Ki of 446 ± 9 nM). Its inhibitory activity against these proteases was stable at high temperatures (>95 C) and a wide pH range but sensitive to reduction with dithiothreitol (DTT), indicating the importance of disulphide bridges in exhibiting its activity. Also, rRsBBI1 showed significant inhibitory activity (IC 50 ¼ 70 ng) on A. janata larval gut trypsin-like proteases (AjGPs). Conversely, it showed <1% inhibitory activity (IC 50 ¼ 8 mg) on H. armigera larval gut trypsin-like proteases (HaGPs) than it has against AjGPs. Besides, in vivo feeding experiments clearly indicated the deleterious effects of rRsBBI1 on larval growth and development in A. janata which suggests it can be further exploited for such properties.
Terpenes and isoprenoids: a wealth of compounds for global use
Planta
Current Science
The action of turmeric depends on three curcuminoids: curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethox... more The action of turmeric depends on three curcuminoids: curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, whose distribution is highly varied among cultivars. A sensitive method for estimation of all three curcuminoids is essential for quality control. We developed a HPLC-MS method with lowest limits of detection and quantification of curcuminoids. Mass spectrometry (MS) authenticated the identity of curcuminoids. Principal component analysis of curcuminoids established the high variation among the selected seven cultivars of Curcuma, as well as commercial powders. We suggest that our HPLC method can be used for quality control of turmeric.
Current Science, 2016
Secondary metabolites from plants provide lead molecules for drug development. Metabolomics is a ... more Secondary metabolites from plants provide lead molecules for drug development. Metabolomics is a modern omic-technique for comprehensive analysis of phytochemicals. Advances in mass spectrometry (MS) based platforms like GC-MS and LC-MS, helped in separation and identification of several metabolites. Such analysis can be a valuable tool for identifying potential biomolecules from medicinal plants. Despite the potential use, metabolomics data of Indian medicinal plants and spices are extremely limited. Similarly, metabolomic studies on Ayurvedic formulations, e.g. Triphala/ Trikatu, are lacking. Our review emphasizes the importance of metabolomics of Indian medicinal plants, crucial for quality evaluation and scientific validation of herbal products.
Influence of nanoporous poly (ether imide) particle extracts on human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs)
Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, 2016
Accumulated uremic toxins like indoxyl sulphate, hippuric acid and p-cresyl sulphates in renal fa... more Accumulated uremic toxins like indoxyl sulphate, hippuric acid and p-cresyl sulphates in renal failure patients stimulate proinflammatory effects, and consequently kidney and cardiovascular diseases. Low clearance rate of these uremic toxins from the blood of uremic patients by conventional techniques like hemodialysis is due to their strong covalent albumin binding (greater than 95%) and hydrophobic nature, which led to alternatives like usage of hydrophobic adsorber&amp;#39;s in removing these toxins from the plasma of kidney patients. Polymers like polyethylene, polyurethane, polymethylmethacrylate, cellophane and polytetrafluoroethylene were already in use as substitutes for metal devices as dialysis membranes. Among new synthetic polymers, one such ideal adsorber material are highly porous microparticles of poly(ether imide) (PEI) with diameters in the range from 50-180μm and a porosity around 88±2% prepared by a spraying and coagulation process.It is essential to make sure that these synthetic polymers should not evoke any inflammatory or apoptotic response during dialysis. Therefore in our study we evaluated in vitro effect of PEI microparticle extracts in human aortic endothelial cells (HEACs) concerning toxicity, inflammation and apoptosis. No cell toxicity was observed when HAECs were treated with PEI extracts and inflammatory/apoptotic markers were not upregulated in presence of PEI extracts. Our results ensure biocompatibility of PEI particles and further hemocompatibility of particles will be tested.
Adsorption capacity of poly(ether imide) microparticles to uremic toxins
Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, 2016
Uremia is a phenomenon caused by retention of uremic toxins in the plasma due to functional impai... more Uremia is a phenomenon caused by retention of uremic toxins in the plasma due to functional impairment of kidneys in the elimination of urinary waste products. Uremia is presently treated by dialysis techniques like hemofiltration, dialysis or hemodiafiltration. However, these techniques in use are more favorable towards removing hydrophilic than hydrophobic uremic toxins. Hydrophobic uremic toxins, such as hydroxy hipuric acid (OH-HPA), phenylacetic acid (PAA), indoxyl sulfate (IDS) and p-cresylsulfate (pCRS), contribute substantially to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, objective of the present study is to test adsorption capacity of highly porous microparticles prepared from poly(ether imide) (PEI) as an alternative technique for the removal of uremic toxins. Two types of nanoporous, spherically shaped microparticles were prepared from PEI by a spraying/coagulation process.PEI particles were packed into a preparative HPLC column to which a mixture of the four types of uremic toxins was injected and eluted with ethanol. Eluted toxins were quantified by analytical HPLC. PEI particles were able to adsorb all four toxins, with the highest affinity for PAA and pCR. IDS and OH-HPA showed a partially non-reversible binding. In summary, PEI particles are interesting candidates to be explored for future application in CKD.
Effect of extracts of poly(ether imide) microparticles on cytotoxicity, ROS generation and proinflammatory effects on human monocytic (THP-1) cells
Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation, Jan 26, 2015
Current haemodialysis techniques are not capable to remove efficiently low molecular weight hydro... more Current haemodialysis techniques are not capable to remove efficiently low molecular weight hydrophobic uremic toxins from the blood of patients suffering from chronic renal failure. With respect to the hydrophobic characteristics and the high level of protein binding of these uremic toxins, hydrophobic adsorber materials might be an alternative to remove these substances from the plasma of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Here nanoporous microparticles prepared from poly(ether imide) (PEI) with an average diameter of 90±30μm and a porosity around 88±2% prepared by a spraying/coagulation process are considered as candidate adsorber materials. A prerequisite for the clinical application of such particles is their biocompatibility, which can be examined i.e. indirectly in cell culture experiments with the particles' extracts. In this work we studied the effects of aqueous extracts of PEI microparticles on the viability of THP-1 cells, a human leukemia monocytic cell line...
tla1, a DNA insertional transformant of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with a truncated light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna size
Planta, 2003
DNA insertional mutagenesis and screening of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was employe... more DNA insertional mutagenesis and screening of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was employed to isolate tla1, a stable transformant having a truncated light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna size. Molecular analysis showed a single plasmid insertion into an open reading frame of the nuclear genome corresponding to a novel gene ( Tla1) that encodes a protein of 213 amino acids. Genetic analysis showed co-segregation of plasmid and tla1 phenotype. Biochemical analyses showed the tla1 mutant to be chlorophyll deficient, with a functional chlorophyll antenna size of photosystem I and photosystem II being about 50% and 65% of that of the wild type, respectively. It contained a correspondingly lower amount of light-harvesting proteins than the wild type and had lower steady-state levels of Lhcb mRNA. The tla1 strain required a higher light intensity for the saturation of photosynthesis and showed greater solar conversion efficiencies and a higher photosynthetic productivity than the wi...
SpringerPlus, 2013
Vascular endothelium expresses both the estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β, and ERα mediates develo... more Vascular endothelium expresses both the estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β, and ERα mediates development of early atherosclerosis in male mice. This process is thought to be testosterone-dependent. We hypothesized that male murine aortic endothelium produces robust levels of estradiol by aromatase conversion of testosterone, and that regulation of this process is mediated by the presence of ERs, primarily ERα. Aortic endothelium was isolated from ERα knockout (ERα-/-) and wild-type (ERα +/+) male mice and treated with testosterone or the 5α reduction product dihydrotestosterone (DHT), with or without the P450 aromatase inhibitor anastrazole, or a non-specific estrogen receptor antagonist. Aromatase gene expression and estradiol production were assayed. Treatment with testosterone, but not DHT, caused increased aromatase expression and estradiol production in ERα +/+ endothelium that was attenuated by disruption of ERα in the ERα-/-group. Anastrazole inhibition of aromatase reduced testosterone-induced aromatase expression and estradiol levels in both ERα-/-and ERα +/+ endothelium. Antagonism of both ERs decreased testosterone-induced aromatase expression in both wild-type and knockout groups. The effects of the receptor antagonist on estradiol production differed between the two groups, however, with a reduction in estradiol release from the ERα +/+ cells and complete abolition of estradiol release from the ERα-/-cells. Thus, estradiol production in vascular endothelium from male mice is robust, depends on the aromatic conversion of testosterone and requires functional ERα to achieve maximal levels of estradiol generation. Local vascular production of aromatase-mediated estradiol in response to circulating testosterone may affect ERαdependent mechanisms to increase susceptibility to early atheroma formation in male mice. This pathway may have important therapeutic relevance for reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in human males.
THE PLANT CELL ONLINE, 2004
DNA insertional transformants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were screened chemochromically for att... more DNA insertional transformants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were screened chemochromically for attenuated H 2 production. One mutant, displaying low H 2 gas photoproduction, has a nonfunctional copy of a gene that shows high homology to the family of isoamylase genes found in several photosynthetic organisms. DNA gel blotting and gene complementation were used to link this isoamylase gene to previously characterized nontagged sta7 mutants. This mutant is therefore denoted sta7-10. In C. reinhardtii, the STA7 isoamylase gene is important for the accumulation of crystalline starch, and the sta7-10 mutant reported here contains <3% of the glucose found in insoluble starch when compared with wild-type control cells. Hydrogen photoproduction rates, induced after several hours of dark, anaerobic treatment, are attenuated in sta7 mutants. RNA gel blot analysis indicates that the mRNA transcripts for both the HydA1 and HydA2 [Fe]-hydrogenase genes are expressed in the sta7-10 mutant at greater than wild-type levels 0.5 h after anaerobic induction. However, after 1.5 h, transcript levels of both HydA1 and HydA2 begin to decline rapidly and reach nearly undetectable levels after 7 h. In wildtype cells, the hydrogenase transcripts accumulate more slowly, reach a plateau after 4 h of anaerobic treatment, and maintain the same level of expression for >7 h under anaerobic incubation. Complementation of mutant cells with genomic DNA corresponding to the STA7 gene restores both the starch accumulation and H 2 production phenotypes. The results indicate that STA7 and starch metabolism play an important role in C. reinhardtii H 2 photoproduction. Moreover, the results indicate that mere anaerobiosis is not sufficient to maintain hydrogenase gene expression without the underlying physiology, an important aspect of which is starch metabolism.
PLoS ONE, 2012
Objective: Postprandial hyperlipemia, characterized by increased circulating very low-density lip... more Objective: Postprandial hyperlipemia, characterized by increased circulating very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), has been proposed as a mechanism of vascular injury. Our goal was to examine the interactions between postprandial lipoproteins, LPS, and apoE3 and apoE4 on monocyte activation. Methods and Results: We showed that apoE3 complexed to phospholipid vesicles attenuates LPS-induced THP-1 monocyte cytokine expression, while apoE4 increases expression. ELISA revealed that apoE3 binds to LPS with higher affinity than apoE4. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of site-directed spin labels placed on specific amino acids of apoE3 showed that LPS interferes with conformational changes normally associated with lipid binding. Specifically, compared to apoE4, apoE bearing the E3-like R112RSer mutation displays increased self association when exposed to LPS, consistent with a stronger apoE3-LPS interaction. Additionally, lipolysis of fasting VLDL from normal human donors attenuated LPS-induced TNFa secretion from monocytes to a greater extent than postprandial VLDL, an effect partially reversed by blocking apoE. This effect was reproduced using fasting VLDL lipolysis products from e3/e3 donors, but not from e4/e4 subjects, suggesting that apoE3 on fasting VLDL prevents LPS-induced inflammation more readily than apoE4. Conclusion: Postprandial apoE isoform and conformational changes associated with VLDL dramatically modulate vascular inflammation.
Planta, 2007
The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii tla1 (truncated light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna size) mutant w... more The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii tla1 (truncated light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna size) mutant was generated upon DNA insertional mutagenesis and shown to speciWcally possess a smaller than wild type (WT) chlorophyll antenna size in both photosystems. Molecular and genetic analysis revealed that the exogenous plasmid DNA was inserted at the end of the 5Ј UTR and just prior to the ATG start codon of a hitherto unknown nuclear gene (termed Tla1), which encodes a protein of 213 amino acids. The Tla1 gene in the mutant is transcribed with a new 5Ј UTR sequence, derived from the 3Ј end of the transforming plasmid. This replacement of the native 5Ј UTR and promoter regions resulted in enhanced transcription of the tla1 gene in the mutant but inhibition in the translation of the respective tla1 mRNA. Transformation of the tla1 mutant with WT Tla1 genomic DNA successfully rescued the mutant. These results are evidence that polymorphism in the 5Ј UTR of the Tla1 transcripts resulted in the tla1 phenotype and that expression of the Tla1 gene is a prerequisite for the development/ assembly of the Chl antenna in C. reinhardtii. A blast search with the Tla1 deduced amino acid sequence revealed that this protein is highly conserved in many eukaryotes. It showed homology to a protein of unknown function in Arabidopsis thaliana (73%), Oryza sativa (76%), Drosophila melanogaster (71%) and Homo sapiens (67%). The Tla1 gene apparently regulates genes that deWne the Chl antenna size in the photosynthetic apparatus of C. reinhardtii. Potential applications of the Tla1 gene in photosynthesis and biotechnology are discussed.
The Journal of Lipid Research, 2010
Supplementary key words lipid fl uidity • postprandial state • structural conformation • very low... more Supplementary key words lipid fl uidity • postprandial state • structural conformation • very low density lipoprotein Apolipoprotein E (apoE), a 34 kDa protein that is important in lipid metabolism and cholesterol transport, has three common alleles (2, 3, and 4). ApoE polymorphisms infl uence the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders (1). ApoE3 binds preferentially to HDL and apoE4 to VLDL (2). ApoE contains a 22 kDa N-terminal domain (residues 1-191) and a 10 kDa C-terminal domain (residues 222-299) separated by a protease-sensitive loop (3). ApoE4 shows a more pronounced domain interaction or closed conformation than the other apoE isoforms because it has Arg-112, which enables Arg-61 in the N-terminal domain to interact with Glu-255 in the C-terminal domain, a feature responsible for the preferential association of apoE4 with VLDL (4, 5). Upon binding to lipid, apolipoproteins undergo conformational rearrangements (6, 7) that affect their function. The association of apoE isoform-dependant postprandial lipoprotein metabolism with vascular disease is not well understood. Previously, we reported that lipolytic products of VLDL reduce the intermolecular inter-Abstract Our previous work indicated that apolipoprotein (apo) E4 assumes a more expanded conformation in the postprandial period. The postprandial state is characterized by increased VLDL lipolysis. In this article, we tested the hypothesis that VLDL lipolysis products increase VLDL particle fl uidity, which mediates expansion of apoE4 on the VLDL particle. Plasma from healthy subjects was collected before and after a moderately high-fat meal and incubated with nitroxyl-spin labeled apoE. ApoE conformation was examined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using targeted spin probes on cysteines introduced in the N-terminal (S76C) and C-terminal (A241C) domains. Further, we synthesized a novel nitroxyl spin-labeled cholesterol analog, which gave insight into lipoprotein particle fl uidity. Our data revealed that the order of lipoprotein fl uidity was HDL~LDL<VLDL<VLDL+lipoprotein lipase. Moreover, the conformation of apoE4 depended on the lipoprotein fraction: VLDL-associated apoE4 had a more linear conformation than apoE4 associated with LDL or HDL. Further, by changing VLDL fl uidity, VLDL lipolysis products significantly altered apoE4 into a more expanded conformation. Our studies indicate that after every meal, VLDL fl uidity is increased causing apoE4 associated with VLDL to assume a more expanded conformation, potentially enhancing the pathogenicity of apoE4 in vascular tissue.-Tetali, S.
The Journal of Lipid Research, 2006
Increased triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) in the postprandial state are associated with at... more Increased triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) in the postprandial state are associated with atherosclerosis. We investigated whether the postprandial state induced structural changes at the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) C terminus, its principal lipid binding domain, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of a site-directed spin label attached to the cysteine of apoE4-W264C. Spin coupling between labels located in the C termini was followed after mixing with preprandial and postprandial human plasma samples. Our results indicate that postprandial plasma triggers a reorganization of the protein such that the dipolar broadening is diminished, indicating a reduction in Cterminal interaction. The loss of spectral broadening was directly correlated with an increase in postprandial plasma triglycerides and was reduced with delipidated plasma. The spin-labeled apoE4 displayed a lipid preference of VLDL. LDL. HDL in the preprandial and postprandial states. The apoE4 shift to VLDL during the postprandial state was accompanied by a loss in spectral broadening of the protein. These findings suggest that apoE4 associated with LDL maintains self-association via its C terminus and that this association is diminished in VLDL-associated protein. Lipolyzed TGRL reflected a depletion of the C-terminal interaction of apoE4. Addition of palmitate to VLDL gave a similar response as lipolyzed TGRL, suggesting that lipolysis products play a major role in reorganizing apoE4 during the postprandial state.-Tetali,
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Stem bark gum resin extract of Boswellia serrata is traditionally... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Stem bark gum resin extract of Boswellia serrata is traditionally used in India for its hemostatic, antiinflammatory and cardiovascular health effects and it is named asŚallakī in Ayurvedic medicine. Aim of the study: This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative and antithrombotic properties of stem bark gum resin extracts of Boswellia serrata (BS). Materials and methods: The inhibitory activity of the BSWE and BSAE on FeCl 3 induced lipid peroxidation (in vitro) in rat liver and heart homogenates was measured spectrophotometrically. Their effect on H 2 O 2 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human monocytic (THP-1) cells was investigated by tracking intensity of a cell permeable fluorescent dye, H 2 DCFDA and subjecting the cell samples to confocal microscopy. Further, the effect of BSAE and BSWE on ADP-induced platelet aggregation was assessed using a multimode detection plate reader, plasma coagulation times using an automated blood coagulation analyzer and on human blood clotting factors Xa and XIa using chromogenic substrate. Phytomarker analysis of the water (BSWE) and hydroalcoholic (BSAE) extracts of BS-gum resin was done through HPLC using a standard compound AKBA. Results: BSAE and BSWE inhibited, to varied extents, the lipid peroxidation in liver (80%) and heart (50%) tissue homogenates of male Wistar rats. Further, BSAE (30 g dwt/mL) and BSWE (300 g dwt/mL) attenuated ≥60% of H 2 O 2 mediated ROS generation in THP-1 cells. In case of standard compounds, ascorbate (20 g dwt/mL) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (10 g dwt/mL) completely scavenged ROS in the cells. BSAE and BSWE at 3 mg dwt/mL completely inhibited ADP induced platelet aggregation and activities were comparable to 20 g/mL of heparin. The extracts also showed very high activity in prolonging coagulation time periods. Both types of extracts extended prothrombin time (PT) from ∼13 to >60 s and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) from ∼32 s to >90 s. BSAE inhibited clotting factors Xa and XIa remarkably at 6 g of dwt where as BSWE did not show much effect on FXa and showed 30% inhibition on FXIa at 120 g. 10 g of heparin was required to inhibit about 30% activity of the above factors. HPLC analyses suggested that BSAE and BSWE had AKBA of 9% (w/w) and 7.8% (w/w) respectively. Conclusion: Present study demonstrated antioxidant and antithrombotic anticoagulant activities of water and hydroalcoholic extracts of Boswellia serrata's gum resin. We suggest that BS-gum resin as a good source for lead/therapeutic compounds possessing antioxidant, antiplatelet and anticoagulant activities.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Terminalia arjuna-stem bark extract is traditionally used as card... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Terminalia arjuna-stem bark extract is traditionally used as cardiotonic in Ayurvedic medicine. Aim of the study: The present study was aimed to evaluate the molecular basis for cardioprotective potential of Terminalia arjuna (TA) stem bark, using cell cultures of human monocytic (THP-1) and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Materials and methods: Inhibitory effect of alcoholic (TAAE) and aqueous (TAWE) extracts of TA-stem bark was assessed on human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, lipoprotein lipase (LpL) and lipid peroxidation in rat (wistar) liver and heart homogenates. The patterns of H 2 O 2 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were observed by confocal microscopy. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and reducing power of the cells were measured in a microplate reader. Gene transcripts of proinflammatory markers in THP-1 and HAECs were assayed by real time PCR and levels of inflammatory protein markers by ELISA or flow cytometry. Phytochemical analyses of TAAE and TAWE were done using liquid chromatography, coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: TAAE and TAWE inhibited the lipid peroxidation and HMG-CoA reductase but had no effect on LpL. Both the extracts attenuated H 2 O 2 mediated ROS generation in THP-1 cells by promoting catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and by sustaining cellular reducing power. TAAE was highly effective in attenuating proinflammatory gene transcripts in THP-1 cells and HAECs, whereas the response to TAWE depended on the type of transcript and cell type. Both extracts decreased the levels of typical inflammatory marker proteins, viz. LPS induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a secreted by THP-1 cells and TNF-a induced cell surface adhesion molecules on HAECs, namely vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin. Phytochemical analyses indicated the richness in phenolic compounds and terpenes of TAAE and TAWE, while revealing variability in their metabolite profile. Conclusion: Our study scientifically validates the antioxidative and antiinflammatory properties of Terminalia arjuna stem bark. The marked effects on cultured human monocytic and aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) provide the biochemical and molecular basis for therapeutic potential of TA-stem bark against cardiovascular diseases (CVD).