Aras Al-dawoodi | Kirkuk University (original) (raw)
Papers by Aras Al-dawoodi
2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING (ICARAE2022)
International journal of interactive mobile technologies, May 24, 2022
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN), Jun 10, 2020
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)
Election is a basic democratic tool that offers an official mechanism for the people to express t... more Election is a basic democratic tool that offers an official mechanism for the people to express their opinions in order to form a government by democratic means. Electronic voting has evolved into the most significant application of e-governance and e-democracy. Few countries have recently taken the opportunity to test and use electronic voting systems. Also, many countries expect that internet voting will become a reality during the next decade. In the conventional voting system, the electors authenticate themselves by displaying credentials; this move is open to the public and is validated by poll workers. During this authentication, they are manually checked before being eligible to vote. The standard system of voting is more costly and needs more human capital. Because of these factors, the whole world is heading toward the trend of e-voting. Electronic voting devices are supposed to be the answer to the shortages. A secure e-voting system must meet many criteria, including uniq...
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN), 2021
Blockchain Technologies for Sustainable Development in Smart Cities, 2022
Blockchain technology represents an attractive factor for sectors that are interested in managing... more Blockchain technology represents an attractive factor for sectors that are interested in managing and keeping their transactions on a database that records all the movements that take place on each transaction. Therefore, to keep pace with the digital transformation taking place in this field of the real estate sector, this chapter aims to submit a proposal in the Iraqi real estate sector to implement this technology. In addition, the chapter clarified the current mechanism adopted in Iraq in completing real estate rental transactions and the problems that accompany this method. Then, the authors explained the advantages provided by the application of blockchain technology through the smart contract, in addition to eliminating the problems of tax evasion in this sector. Despite the negative points that this technology suffers from, it still represents a safe environment for preserving, managing, and exchanging information.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
This paper deals with optical code division multiple access (optical-CDMA) and provides a general... more This paper deals with optical code division multiple access (optical-CDMA) and provides a general analysis of multi-mode fiber (MMF). The purpose of this work is to classify the works in the literature that are related to Optical-CDMA based on MMF and to find the limitation of the researches done in this field. Several challenges that occur in the medium such as multiple-access interference (MAI), pulse dispersion (PD) and nonlinearity in optical fibers deteriorate system performances and become a major performance-limiting factor.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
Various optical communication technologies use Optical-Code Division Multiple Access (Optical-CDM... more Various optical communication technologies use Optical-Code Division Multiple Access (Optical-CDMA) as a channel access technique, which allows transmission of different users simultaneously over the optical communication channel. Therefore, Optical-CDMA permits free undue interference transmission of several users. Whereas Wavelength-division multiple access (WDMA) is a technique that can be implemented on how the optical channel can be divided into subchannels. This paper proposes a Hybrid WDMA-Optical-CDMA over multi-mode fiber (MMF) transmission system for short haul-local area network. The WDMA system is carried out by using four Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes that operate over four main wavelengths (1551 nm, 1550 nm, 1549 nm and 1548 nm). Additionally, the Optical-CDMA system is carried out by using one dimension Zero Cross-Correlation (ZCC) code to overcome multiple access interference (MAI) between the four ZCC codes. The performance of our system is evaluated based on eye dia...
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN), 2020
In the last few decades, optical wireless communication became an essential technology in various... more In the last few decades, optical wireless communication became an essential technology in various applications. Researchers have paid more attention to achieving high bandwidth and low loss. However, the random weather phenomena cause attenuation of optical signals, thus will decrease the bandwidth in optical wireless communication. In this article, we investigate a hybrid free-space optical (FSO) and fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) communications link based on wavelength-division multiple access (WDMA) over different random weather phenomena that operate over different wavelengths. The performance of the hybrid FSO-FTTx system is evaluated under clear sky weather phenomena, heavy rain weather phenomena, and heavy haze weather phenomena based on BER and Q-Factor measurements. The results show that we can transmit 140 Gbit/s data over 9650 meters a hybrid link under the clear sky and heavy rain weather phenomena, 3950 meters over. Additionally, the transmission of 140 Gbit/s data can be achiev...
2018 IEEE 7th International Conference on Photonics (ICP), 2018
A varied high indexed, large core 4-mode photonic crystal fiber is proposed. Consequences of vari... more A varied high indexed, large core 4-mode photonic crystal fiber is proposed. Consequences of variation in the refractive index of the materials used in the rings have been analyzed through the far field distribution and phase of each mode. The influence of different, air hole diameters and distances between the holes of the fiber is studied.
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
The Bees Algorithm (BA) has been applied for finding the best possible subset features of a datas... more The Bees Algorithm (BA) has been applied for finding the best possible subset features of a dataset. However, the main issue of the BA for feature selection is that it requires long computational time. This is due to the nature of BA combination search approach that exploits neighborhoods with random explorative. This situation creates unwanted suboptimum solution(s) leading to the lack of accuracy and longer processing time. A set of different local neighborhood search extension and their combination approaches have been proposed, including Simple-swap, 2-Opt, 3-Opt, and 4-Opt. The performance of the proposed mechanism was compared and analyzed using benchmark dataset. The results from experimental work confirmed that the proposed approach provides better accuracy with suitable time.
This paper proposes Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) mode over Free Spa... more This paper proposes Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) mode over Free Space Optics (FSO) communication under different weather conditions to achieve the maximum possible medium range. FSO is a unique technique for the communication between the transmitted signal and the received signal. Moreover, MDM transmissions are significant interest because of the potentially high number of modes that can be used in a single optical. MDM multiplexing supporting several modes propagate through optical transmission, spatial modes in MDM are utilised as independent channels that will carry various data streams. In this study, an 8-channel MDM-FSO system has been designed and analysed in different weather conditions at 1550 nm wavelength. The simulated system has transmitted 40Gbps up for a distance of 3000-meter FSO in superbly under clear weather condition. It also transmitted 40 Gbps up for a distance of 650-meter FSO during heavy rain. The BER measure the performance of...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
The application of Bees Algorithm in wrapper feature selection (BAFS) has been implemented but ye... more The application of Bees Algorithm in wrapper feature selection (BAFS) has been implemented but yet too far from perfect and has few weaknesses. The algorithm performs combination of exploitative neighbourhoods and random explorative search. This creates a heavy computational time, and in the same time could affect the overall accuracy subset selection. To rectify this issue, a double-bridge move proposed and benchmark dataset have been used to determine the performance of the proposed method. The obtained results from the experiment confirmed that the proposed extension of the search neighbourhood have provided better accuracy with suitable time than the original BAFS.
Free-space optics (FSO) has emerged as an essential technique to overcome attenuations of atmosph... more Free-space optics (FSO) has emerged as an essential technique to overcome attenuations of atmospheric weather (e.g., rain) and to fulfil the growing demand in communication capacity and scalability. Moderate and heavy rain atmospheric weather cause attenuations and reduce the coverage (i.e., distance) of the communication system. To mitigate this concern, this paper investigates implementing hybrid coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) over the FSO link network. The network has fourteen wavelengths with standard downlink channel spacing (ITU grid specification) of 20 nm and 0.8 nm for CWDM and DWDM, respectively. The results of the proposed system improve the performance of an FSO link in terms scalability, data rate, link distance and the received power. Furthermore, our system provides access data to fourteen end-users, where each one has a data rate of 140 Gb/s along an FSO link distance of 2.6 km and 1.6 km for moderate ...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
The optical vortex has recently attracted scholars to implement it in optical tweezers, microscop... more The optical vortex has recently attracted scholars to implement it in optical tweezers, microscopy, optical communications, quantum information processing, optical trapping, and laser machining. Optical vortex beam applied classically that can be transferred to the transverse amplitude of a heralded single-photon, and optical vortex possesses a helical wavefront and carries orbital angular momentum. In this study, Optical vortex is applied in optical-CDMA (optical code-division multiple-access) in conjunction with WDM (wavelength division multiplexing). This mechanism aims to increase the capacity and security in optical communication significantly. The implementation of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes with optical vortex based on one dimension zero cross-correlation (ZCC) code shows that mode coupling reduces effectively. Consequently, a positive increase in channel performance and response. Accordingly, the LG modes based on the 1D-ZCC code are investigated and propagated over multi-...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
This study demonstrates the implementation of multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) transmission donut ... more This study demonstrates the implementation of multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) transmission donut modes in space wavelength division multiplexing (SWDM) over multi-mode optical fiber (MMOF) and simulating the effect of mode coupling of the transmitted signal. However, during the data transmitted over MMF by using SWDM an issue is encountered, which is the inter symbol interference (ISI) due to mode coupling. ISI has been recognized as a major obstacle to high-speed data transmission. The signal processing in SDM of donut modes over MMOF with electrical feedback equalizer is used to improve the performance for increasing the bandwidth. A data rate 80 Gbit/s up for a distance of 1600 meters is achieved. SWDM topology was designed emitted from a spatial vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) through MMOF in conjunction with the configurations of electrical feedback equalizer. The parameters and values used in Opt-Sim simulation topology were listed. The performance measurement o...
EPJ Web of Conferences, 2017
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020
To provide a sustainable fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), several multiplexing techniques have been deve... more To provide a sustainable fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), several multiplexing techniques have been developed for this purpose. The correlation features are the main obstacle behind the network performance limitation, which imposes to a high level of multiple access interference. However, the development of multiplexing techniques helps to overcome these limitations, such as optical-code division multiple access (Optical-CDMA). Optical-CDMA is considered as one of the most powerful solutions for FTTH. This paper aims to enhance FTTH network performance by applying Zero cross-correlation code (ZCC) with Optical-CDMA with maximum link single-mode fiber. In the simulation, the system performance is demonstrated in terms of bit error rate, Q-Factor and eye diagram measurements.
2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING (ICARAE2022)
International journal of interactive mobile technologies, May 24, 2022
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN), Jun 10, 2020
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)
Election is a basic democratic tool that offers an official mechanism for the people to express t... more Election is a basic democratic tool that offers an official mechanism for the people to express their opinions in order to form a government by democratic means. Electronic voting has evolved into the most significant application of e-governance and e-democracy. Few countries have recently taken the opportunity to test and use electronic voting systems. Also, many countries expect that internet voting will become a reality during the next decade. In the conventional voting system, the electors authenticate themselves by displaying credentials; this move is open to the public and is validated by poll workers. During this authentication, they are manually checked before being eligible to vote. The standard system of voting is more costly and needs more human capital. Because of these factors, the whole world is heading toward the trend of e-voting. Electronic voting devices are supposed to be the answer to the shortages. A secure e-voting system must meet many criteria, including uniq...
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN), 2021
Blockchain Technologies for Sustainable Development in Smart Cities, 2022
Blockchain technology represents an attractive factor for sectors that are interested in managing... more Blockchain technology represents an attractive factor for sectors that are interested in managing and keeping their transactions on a database that records all the movements that take place on each transaction. Therefore, to keep pace with the digital transformation taking place in this field of the real estate sector, this chapter aims to submit a proposal in the Iraqi real estate sector to implement this technology. In addition, the chapter clarified the current mechanism adopted in Iraq in completing real estate rental transactions and the problems that accompany this method. Then, the authors explained the advantages provided by the application of blockchain technology through the smart contract, in addition to eliminating the problems of tax evasion in this sector. Despite the negative points that this technology suffers from, it still represents a safe environment for preserving, managing, and exchanging information.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
This paper deals with optical code division multiple access (optical-CDMA) and provides a general... more This paper deals with optical code division multiple access (optical-CDMA) and provides a general analysis of multi-mode fiber (MMF). The purpose of this work is to classify the works in the literature that are related to Optical-CDMA based on MMF and to find the limitation of the researches done in this field. Several challenges that occur in the medium such as multiple-access interference (MAI), pulse dispersion (PD) and nonlinearity in optical fibers deteriorate system performances and become a major performance-limiting factor.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
Various optical communication technologies use Optical-Code Division Multiple Access (Optical-CDM... more Various optical communication technologies use Optical-Code Division Multiple Access (Optical-CDMA) as a channel access technique, which allows transmission of different users simultaneously over the optical communication channel. Therefore, Optical-CDMA permits free undue interference transmission of several users. Whereas Wavelength-division multiple access (WDMA) is a technique that can be implemented on how the optical channel can be divided into subchannels. This paper proposes a Hybrid WDMA-Optical-CDMA over multi-mode fiber (MMF) transmission system for short haul-local area network. The WDMA system is carried out by using four Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes that operate over four main wavelengths (1551 nm, 1550 nm, 1549 nm and 1548 nm). Additionally, the Optical-CDMA system is carried out by using one dimension Zero Cross-Correlation (ZCC) code to overcome multiple access interference (MAI) between the four ZCC codes. The performance of our system is evaluated based on eye dia...
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN), 2020
In the last few decades, optical wireless communication became an essential technology in various... more In the last few decades, optical wireless communication became an essential technology in various applications. Researchers have paid more attention to achieving high bandwidth and low loss. However, the random weather phenomena cause attenuation of optical signals, thus will decrease the bandwidth in optical wireless communication. In this article, we investigate a hybrid free-space optical (FSO) and fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) communications link based on wavelength-division multiple access (WDMA) over different random weather phenomena that operate over different wavelengths. The performance of the hybrid FSO-FTTx system is evaluated under clear sky weather phenomena, heavy rain weather phenomena, and heavy haze weather phenomena based on BER and Q-Factor measurements. The results show that we can transmit 140 Gbit/s data over 9650 meters a hybrid link under the clear sky and heavy rain weather phenomena, 3950 meters over. Additionally, the transmission of 140 Gbit/s data can be achiev...
2018 IEEE 7th International Conference on Photonics (ICP), 2018
A varied high indexed, large core 4-mode photonic crystal fiber is proposed. Consequences of vari... more A varied high indexed, large core 4-mode photonic crystal fiber is proposed. Consequences of variation in the refractive index of the materials used in the rings have been analyzed through the far field distribution and phase of each mode. The influence of different, air hole diameters and distances between the holes of the fiber is studied.
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
The Bees Algorithm (BA) has been applied for finding the best possible subset features of a datas... more The Bees Algorithm (BA) has been applied for finding the best possible subset features of a dataset. However, the main issue of the BA for feature selection is that it requires long computational time. This is due to the nature of BA combination search approach that exploits neighborhoods with random explorative. This situation creates unwanted suboptimum solution(s) leading to the lack of accuracy and longer processing time. A set of different local neighborhood search extension and their combination approaches have been proposed, including Simple-swap, 2-Opt, 3-Opt, and 4-Opt. The performance of the proposed mechanism was compared and analyzed using benchmark dataset. The results from experimental work confirmed that the proposed approach provides better accuracy with suitable time.
This paper proposes Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) mode over Free Spa... more This paper proposes Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) mode over Free Space Optics (FSO) communication under different weather conditions to achieve the maximum possible medium range. FSO is a unique technique for the communication between the transmitted signal and the received signal. Moreover, MDM transmissions are significant interest because of the potentially high number of modes that can be used in a single optical. MDM multiplexing supporting several modes propagate through optical transmission, spatial modes in MDM are utilised as independent channels that will carry various data streams. In this study, an 8-channel MDM-FSO system has been designed and analysed in different weather conditions at 1550 nm wavelength. The simulated system has transmitted 40Gbps up for a distance of 3000-meter FSO in superbly under clear weather condition. It also transmitted 40 Gbps up for a distance of 650-meter FSO during heavy rain. The BER measure the performance of...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
The application of Bees Algorithm in wrapper feature selection (BAFS) has been implemented but ye... more The application of Bees Algorithm in wrapper feature selection (BAFS) has been implemented but yet too far from perfect and has few weaknesses. The algorithm performs combination of exploitative neighbourhoods and random explorative search. This creates a heavy computational time, and in the same time could affect the overall accuracy subset selection. To rectify this issue, a double-bridge move proposed and benchmark dataset have been used to determine the performance of the proposed method. The obtained results from the experiment confirmed that the proposed extension of the search neighbourhood have provided better accuracy with suitable time than the original BAFS.
Free-space optics (FSO) has emerged as an essential technique to overcome attenuations of atmosph... more Free-space optics (FSO) has emerged as an essential technique to overcome attenuations of atmospheric weather (e.g., rain) and to fulfil the growing demand in communication capacity and scalability. Moderate and heavy rain atmospheric weather cause attenuations and reduce the coverage (i.e., distance) of the communication system. To mitigate this concern, this paper investigates implementing hybrid coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) over the FSO link network. The network has fourteen wavelengths with standard downlink channel spacing (ITU grid specification) of 20 nm and 0.8 nm for CWDM and DWDM, respectively. The results of the proposed system improve the performance of an FSO link in terms scalability, data rate, link distance and the received power. Furthermore, our system provides access data to fourteen end-users, where each one has a data rate of 140 Gb/s along an FSO link distance of 2.6 km and 1.6 km for moderate ...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
The optical vortex has recently attracted scholars to implement it in optical tweezers, microscop... more The optical vortex has recently attracted scholars to implement it in optical tweezers, microscopy, optical communications, quantum information processing, optical trapping, and laser machining. Optical vortex beam applied classically that can be transferred to the transverse amplitude of a heralded single-photon, and optical vortex possesses a helical wavefront and carries orbital angular momentum. In this study, Optical vortex is applied in optical-CDMA (optical code-division multiple-access) in conjunction with WDM (wavelength division multiplexing). This mechanism aims to increase the capacity and security in optical communication significantly. The implementation of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes with optical vortex based on one dimension zero cross-correlation (ZCC) code shows that mode coupling reduces effectively. Consequently, a positive increase in channel performance and response. Accordingly, the LG modes based on the 1D-ZCC code are investigated and propagated over multi-...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
This study demonstrates the implementation of multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) transmission donut ... more This study demonstrates the implementation of multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) transmission donut modes in space wavelength division multiplexing (SWDM) over multi-mode optical fiber (MMOF) and simulating the effect of mode coupling of the transmitted signal. However, during the data transmitted over MMF by using SWDM an issue is encountered, which is the inter symbol interference (ISI) due to mode coupling. ISI has been recognized as a major obstacle to high-speed data transmission. The signal processing in SDM of donut modes over MMOF with electrical feedback equalizer is used to improve the performance for increasing the bandwidth. A data rate 80 Gbit/s up for a distance of 1600 meters is achieved. SWDM topology was designed emitted from a spatial vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) through MMOF in conjunction with the configurations of electrical feedback equalizer. The parameters and values used in Opt-Sim simulation topology were listed. The performance measurement o...
EPJ Web of Conferences, 2017
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020
To provide a sustainable fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), several multiplexing techniques have been deve... more To provide a sustainable fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), several multiplexing techniques have been developed for this purpose. The correlation features are the main obstacle behind the network performance limitation, which imposes to a high level of multiple access interference. However, the development of multiplexing techniques helps to overcome these limitations, such as optical-code division multiple access (Optical-CDMA). Optical-CDMA is considered as one of the most powerful solutions for FTTH. This paper aims to enhance FTTH network performance by applying Zero cross-correlation code (ZCC) with Optical-CDMA with maximum link single-mode fiber. In the simulation, the system performance is demonstrated in terms of bit error rate, Q-Factor and eye diagram measurements.
Bees Algorithm (BA), a heuristic optimization procedure, represents one of the fundamental search... more Bees Algorithm (BA), a heuristic optimization procedure, represents one of the fundamental search techniques is based on the food foraging activities of bees. This algorithm performs a kind of exploitative neighbourhoods search combined with random explorative search. However, the main issue of BA is that it requires long computational time as well as numerous computational processes to obtain a good solution, especially in more complicated issues. This approach does not guarantee any optimum solutions for the problem mainly because of lack of accuracy. To solve this issue, the local search in the BA is investigated by Simple swap, 2-Opt and 3-Opt were proposed as Massudi methods for Bees Algorithm Feature Selection (BAFS). In this study, the proposed extension methods is 4-Opt as search neighbourhood is presented. This proposal was implemented and comprehensively compares and analyse their performances with respect to accuracy and time. Furthermore, in this study the feature selection algorithm is implemented and tested using most popular dataset from Machine Learning Repository (UCI). The obtained results from experimental work confirmed that the proposed extension of the search neighbourhood including 4-Opt approach has provided better accuracy with suitable time than the Massudi methods.
Keywords: Bees Algorithm (BA), Feature selection, Local search, Simple swap, 2-Opt and 3-Opt, 4-Opt approaches.