George Nyongesa | University of Nairobi, Kenya (original) (raw)

Papers by George Nyongesa

After reading Alex Epstein’s The Moral Case for Fossil Fuels (2014), I was inspired to write a bo... more After reading Alex Epstein’s The Moral Case for Fossil Fuels (2014), I was inspired to write a book review that not only engages with his arguments but also brings to light my own perspectives on climate change, sustainability, and energy security in Africa. Epstein’s bold defense of fossil fuels as a moral good for human flourishing resonated deeply with me, particularly in the context of Africa’s urgent need for energy to drive development and lift millions out of poverty. However, I also wanted to expand the conversation to include Africa’s unique challenges and opportunities, such as the potential of nuclear energy, the limitations of renewables, and the ethical imperative to prioritize human well-being over abstract environmental ideals. This review is my attempt to bridge Epstein’s ideas with the realities of Africa, offering a nuanced perspective on how the continent can navigate the complex interplay between energy access, climate resilience, and sustainable development.

This article documents a session at a workshop on the Utilization of the COMESA Handbook on Media... more This article documents a session at a workshop on the Utilization of the COMESA Handbook on Mediation of Resource-Based Conflicts, which I chaired, focusing on climate change vulnerabilities concerning water and pasture in the Horn of Africa. Participants from diverse regions including Karamoja, Uganda, and Baringo, Turkana, and Maasai areas in Kenya shared narratives of community resilience and adaptation. These stories highlighted innovative local practices like integrating traditional knowledge with modern technology in Turkana, water harvesting in West Pokot, and crop experimentation in Ethiopia's Omo Valley. However, the discussions also revealed significant challenges in scaling these solutions due to limited resources, weak institutional support, and geopolitical issues. This session underscored the necessity for broader systemic support and regional cooperation to enhance local efforts, aiming for a sustainable, resilient future amidst ongoing climate adversities.

In this article, I write about the unexpected intersection of local life and cosmic events, speci... more In this article, I write about the unexpected intersection of local life and cosmic events, specifically focusing on an incident in a village, Mukuku, in Makueni County, Kenya. Here, a piece of space debris from a rocket launch landed, bringing the realities of space exploration into our everyday existence. I discuss how this event has broadened my perspective on the dual nature of space exploration - its benefits and its challenges.

I delve into how satellites have become integral to our daily lives, yet the problem of space debris looms large. This article also touches on the political, ethical, and environmental issues surrounding human activities in space, highlighting the disparities between the space-faring nations and those on the sidelines like mine.

I advocate for a more inclusive approach to space governance, suggesting innovations like microsatellites and the establishment of regional centers for space sciences to involve developing nations more actively. The article concludes with a plea for collective responsibility, viewing space as a shared resource and a canvas for humanity's collective future.

This article offers a reflective exploration of the past year, examining the interplay between pe... more This article offers a reflective exploration of the past year, examining the interplay between personal aspirations and global events. Beginning with an introspective account of my unfulfilled goal to write an article every day in 2024, the narrative transitions to an analysis of key global and local events, from political upheavals and technological advancements to environmental crises and cultural shifts. The piece culminates in thoughtful predictions for 2025, addressing themes such as the ethical implications of AI, the tension between development and environmental stewardship, and the evolving dynamics of global power. Through a blend of personal insights and societal observations, the article underscores the interconnectedness of individual growth and broader human challenges, offering readers a lens to understand resilience, innovation, and the shared journey of navigating an ever-changing world.

This content captures a vivid narrative of an event held in Kibra, Nairobi's largest informal set... more This content captures a vivid narrative of an event held in Kibra, Nairobi's largest informal settlement, marking the conclusion of the 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence (GBV) on December 10, 2024. As the chief guest for the event and the author, i details my experience at the Lindi area, where community-led initiatives culminated in a day of celebration and reflection. I paint a picture of the socio-economic landscape of Kibra, focusing on the "Safisha Rada" football tournament, which showcased the remarkable talent of local youth on a rehabilitated dumping site now called SDG Mukude grounds. I explore the intertwining of sports with social activism, highlighting how football was used to engage boys in the fight against GBV. The narrative delves into community efforts spearheaded by organizations like Kibera Amani, EchoNET Africa, and Polycom Girls, alongside cultural performances, educational campaigns, and the symbolic use of local infrastructure to promote the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through personal observations, conversations, and reflections, I convey the day's significance in fostering community spirit, advocating for gender equality, and envisioning a hopeful future for Kibra amidst its challenges.

In this article, I examine the decline of critical thinking and intellectual humility in modern a... more In this article, I examine the decline of critical thinking and intellectual humility in modern academic institutions, with a particular focus on the contrasting approaches between the natural sciences and the social sciences and humanities. I argue that natural scientists embrace intellectual humility by testing theories, reducing bias, and remaining open to being proven wrong, whereas many scholars in the social sciences and humanities tend to defend ideologies at all costs, prioritizing winning arguments over uncovering objective truths. This shift has contributed to the rise of cultural movements, such as cancel culture, pronoun inflation, identity politics, and radical feminism, which, despite often starting with good intentions, have evolved into extreme positions that threaten social stability. Furthermore, I emphasize the importance of teaching critical thinking at an early age, suggesting that without these foundational skills, individuals are ill-equipped to critically engage with algorithms, digital content, and fall prey to misinformation. I call for a return to rigorous, open-minded scholarship, urging a reevaluation of academic priorities to foster intellectual integrity, critical thinking, and truth-seeking in future generations.

This article explores the unique intersection of motorsport, culture, and business through the le... more This article explores the unique intersection of motorsport, culture, and business through the lens of Kenya's iconic Safari Rally. Written as part of a series of articles started in 2021, the piece reflects on the author's personal journey as a technical advisor involved in reviving the rally, blending childhood passion with professional expertise. It delves into the rally's rich history, the innovations that have shaped its legacy, and its significant economic impact. The article also emphasizes how the Safari Rally has evolved into a symbol of Kenya's global presence, showcasing the country's potential for growth within the motorsport industry.

This essay, featuring the upcoming UNESCO World Philosophy Day 2024 celebration at Strathmore Uni... more This essay, featuring the upcoming UNESCO World Philosophy Day 2024 celebration at Strathmore University (Kenya), takes you behind the scenes of how philosophers, scholars, and students will discuss critical issues like ethics, technology, and the environment, and will explore how philosophy can drive positive change. It reviews the role of philosophy in shaping societies, particularly in Africa, and traces its origins from ancient gatherings under the African sky to its modern-day impact on global development. The essay also highlights how philosophy has guided the growth of nations like China and the United States and argues that Africa must embrace philosophical inquiry to overcome its challenges and achieve sustainable development. This piece invites readers to reflect on the power of philosophy in building a better future for both Africa and the world.

This article explores the complexities of African identity and Pan-Africanism, sparked by U.S. ra... more This article explores the complexities of African identity and Pan-Africanism, sparked by U.S. rapper Trick Daddy's rejection of the "African American" label. By delving into the historical, ideological, and philosophical foundations of Pan-Africanism, it questions whether identity should be defined by race, ancestry, or geography alone. It also critiques the exclusionary tendencies of Pan-Africanism and proposes a more inclusive framework that embraces Africa as the cradle of humanity and a unifying vision for all people willing to contribute to its future.

This article exposes how the dominance of Democrats in university social sciences has fueled ideo... more This article exposes how the dominance of Democrats in university social sciences has fueled ideological bias and abandoned empirical rigor, resulting in a generation indoctrinated into supporting misguided ideas like pronoun inflation, denial of biological sex, and the intrusion of men into women’s sports. It calls for an urgent return to integrity, objectivity, and evidence-based methodologies in the field.

This article explores the role of Ethiopian civil society in the ongoing national dialogue proces... more This article explores the role of Ethiopian civil society in the ongoing national dialogue process, with a focus on their involvement in shaping discussions around governance, peacebuilding, and social cohesion. It highlights the collaborative efforts between Ethiopian and Kenyan civil society leaders, who recently engaged in a knowledge-sharing tour to learn from Kenya’s past dialogue experiences. The piece outlines key lessons drawn from Kenya’s efforts, challenges faced, and the strategies for effective participation in such processes. It also emphasizes the critical function of civil society in promoting inclusivity, transparency, and accountability throughout Ethiopia’s dialogue journey.

This article explores the philosophical and legal discourse surrounding Deputy President Kithure ... more This article explores the philosophical and legal discourse surrounding Deputy President Kithure Kindiki's assertion that national interest should take precedence over public interest, a statement made at the Kenyan Judiciary's commemoration of the Constitution of Kenya 2010. Drawing on influential political theorists like John Rawls, Hans Morgenthau, Joseph Nye, and Amartya Sen, the article contrasts differing perspectives on governance: Rawls' justice-centered approach to public interest, Morgenthau's realist emphasis on national interest, Nye's analysis of foreign policy, and Sen’s inclusive model of development. Through this lens, the article underscores the Constitution of Kenya's prioritization of public interest as a core principle in Articles 1, 10, 73, and 232. It contends that centering public interest aligns with Kenya’s democratic values, ultimately fostering a society where governance serves the collective well-being over strategic state ambitions.

President Obama, once a widely celebrated leader especially within the Black community, now strug... more President Obama, once a widely celebrated leader especially within the Black community, now struggles to inspire the same fervor he once commanded. His influence has notably diminished, with many perceiving him as condescending and irritating, despite his renowned oratory. This shift in perception stems from a growing belief that Obama has been duplicitous and opportunistic, promoting causes that align with the interests of those who hold cultural and financial power rather than staying true to his earlier, more relatable stances. His dwindling appeal now appears to unsettle him, highlighting the irony of a former icon wrestling with the reality of his waning popularity.

This article explores the feasibility of creating a cognitive or thinking machine by amalgamating... more This article explores the feasibility of creating a cognitive or thinking machine by amalgamating computational and biological mechanisms. It investigates the transformative "hack" required for this development, assesses the global impacts on various nations, and delves into ethical, socioeconomic, and practical considerations. In analyzing intellectual obstacles across disciplines such as computer science, cognitive science, philosophy, and ethics, the article attempts to provide insight into the complexities involved in developing thinking machines. In this article, a thinking machine means a computer or artificial intelligence (AI) system designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, problemsolving, and understanding natural language. This article has a multifaceted approach that offers insights into the future potential and practical challenges to the possibility of artificial general intelligence (AGI).

In the world today, the Greco-Roman ideals of power, honor, bravery, ambition, and excellence are... more In the world today, the Greco-Roman ideals of power, honor, bravery, ambition, and excellence are often frowned upon, largely because they are hierarchical, demand hard work, sacrifice, discipline, and are attainable by only a select few. These values emphasize the pursuit of greatness and the cultivation of strength, but they also create distinctions between the strong and the weak. In contrast, Christian values such as suffering, powerlessness, meekness, humility, forgiveness, and compassion are celebrated. These values are egalitarian, accessible to almost anyone, and require little more than embracing a narrative of victimhood or seeking virtue in perceived powerlessness. This shift reflects a broader cultural preference for diversity, inclusivity and equality, often at the expense of the rigorous pursuit of excellence.

This article studies the intricate connection between technology and culture in the African conte... more This article studies the intricate connection between technology and culture in the African context, using a hermeneutic phenomenological perspective. It explores the lived experiences and multifaceted nature of technology, revealing the nuanced ways in which it intertwines with the cultural fabric of diverse African societies. The research took a phenomenological approach, examining intentional acts and subjective consciousness to understand how individuals perceive, interact with, and find meaning in technological advancements. The concept of epoché guides the analysis, encouraging a suspension of preconceived notions to embrace the diverse cultural backgrounds that influence the reception of technology. This article explores the cultural impacts of technology, specifically its influence on language, rituals, and communal bonds. Through illustrative case studies, such as the transformative M-Pesa mobile money service in Kenya and digital storytelling initiatives in Nigeria and South Africa, it sheds light on the dynamic relationships between technology and the preservation of culture.

I am part of an online community of mathematicians where members regularly pose challenging quest... more I am part of an online community of mathematicians where members regularly pose challenging questions for others to explore. Recently, someone asked, "What is mathematics?" Several members offered their own perspectives, and I contributed my definition, describing mathematics as a conceptual, definitional, and formulaic approach to understanding reality, arrived at through both inductive and deductive reasoning. Following my contribution, I received requests from a few members to expand on my explanation, which inspired me to write this article on the essence of mathematics. Look out for more articles like this that makes mathematics more understandable.

The visa-free policy serves as a tool of soft power diplomacy, enabling nations to bolster its gl... more The visa-free policy serves as a tool of soft power diplomacy, enabling nations to bolster its global standing, showcase its rich culture and values, and entice foreign investments and tourism. By granting entry to foreign citizens without the need for a visa, a country can exhibit its welcoming nature, hospitality, and reliability, thereby fostering constructive alliances with other nations.

In the modern era, the concept of digital alchemy has emerged as a revolutionary way to convert c... more In the modern era, the concept of digital alchemy has emerged as a revolutionary way to convert creativity into tangible wealth. This innovative process involves harnessing the power of technology and digital platforms to transform artistic ideas into profitable ventures. By leveraging the vast reach and accessibility of the digital realm, individuals and businesses alike can now unlock the true potential of their creative endeavors.

Digital alchemy enables artists, designers, and entrepreneurs to transcend traditional limitations and explore new avenues for financial success. Through the use of digital tools and platforms, creative individuals can now showcase their talents to a global audience, breaking free from geographical constraints. This newfound exposure not only allows for greater recognition but also opens up opportunities for monetization. Whether it be through selling digital artwork, licensing creative content, or offering digital services, the possibilities for generating wealth from creativity are virtually limitless.

The Russia-Ukraine crisis thrust many countries, including Africa into a geopolitical conundrum. ... more The Russia-Ukraine crisis thrust many countries, including Africa into a geopolitical conundrum. As different global actors navigate the troubled geopolitical waters resulting from the attempted hegemonic shift in global power, it is important that neither the East, the West and its European allies nor Russia take Africa’s support for granted.

Discriminating against older citizens solely based on their age and denying them the right to dri... more Discriminating against older citizens solely based on their age and denying them the right to drive is immoral. It is unjust to assume that all older people are incapable of driving safely, as age does not necessarily correlate with driving ability. On the other hand, allowing younger individuals, who may lack experience or physical fitness, to engage in driving activities can pose potential risks. It is crucial to evaluate individuals based on their skills, capabilities, and adherence to traffic regulations rather than making generalizations based on age alone. By doing so, we can ensure a fair and unbiased approach towards driving privileges for people of all ages.

The Kenyan government has put forth a policy proposal that I strongly believe is unjustified, unw... more The Kenyan government has put forth a policy proposal that I strongly believe is unjustified, unwarranted and discriminatory towards the elderly population in the country. As someone who is on the verge of entering old age, I have taken it upon myself to compose an article of protest, urging you and the public to unite in opposing this irrational policy. I kindly request you to take the time to read, comment, and share it with others.

George Nyongesa, 2023

While global research papers provide valuable insights on Market and Labor analysis, the impact o... more While global research papers provide valuable insights on Market and Labor analysis, the impact of the COVID pandemic on business models and job skills demand may vary across countries and regions. A localized research focusing on Kenya can provide a more nuanced understanding of the unique challenges and opportunities faced by businesses and job seekers in the country. By understanding the changing skills landscape, job seekers can make informed decisions about acquiring or enhancing their skills to remain competitive in the job market. In this research I will contribute to the existing body of knowledge by providing specific insights into the Kenyan labor market.

Plato's moral theory is explained through the analogy of the soul, offers a unique perspective on... more Plato's moral theory is explained through the analogy of the soul, offers a unique perspective on ethics and human behavior. In this theory, Plato argues human soul to can be divided into three parts: the rational, the spirited, and the appetitive. The soul is seat for decision making on our ethical behavior. The rational part represents reason and wisdom, guiding the chariot towards virtue and moral goodness. The spirited part symbolizes courage and determination, acting as the driving force behind the chariot's pursuit of moral excellence. Lastly, the appetitive part represents desires and impulses, which must be controlled and harmonized with the rational and spirited parts to achieve a balanced and virtuous soul. Through this analogy, Plato emphasizes the importance of cultivating reason and courage to manage the appetite so as to lead a morally upright life.

Aristotle's ethical framework centers on the cultivation of virtuous habits and the development o... more Aristotle's ethical framework centers on the cultivation of virtuous habits and the development of moral character. The foundation of his morality lies in the pursuit of understanding, practicing, and embodying virtuous qualities. In contrast to other ethical theories that emphasize rules or consequences, Aristotle posits that moral virtues are attained through knowledge, practice, and habituation. These virtues empower individuals to make ethical choices that contribute to a fulfilling life, both in the public and private spheres.

Roman Ingarden's philosophical perspective encompasses an examination of the fundamental nature o... more Roman Ingarden's philosophical perspective encompasses an examination of the fundamental nature of existence and the human encounter with it. His philosophy has wide range of subjects, including ontology, aesthetics, and phenomenology. He places great emphasis on comprehending the essence of objects and their connection to our consciousness. Additionally, Ingarden's philosophy underscores the significance of art and aesthetics in molding our perception and comprehension of the world. Through his work, Ingarden provides a distinctive viewpoint on the intricacies of human existence and the intricate interplay between the subjective and objective domains.

Brentano’s philosophy is characterized by his concept of intentionality, which he derived from sc... more Brentano’s philosophy is characterized by his concept of intentionality, which he derived from scholastic philosophy. Intentionality refers to the directedness of consciousness towards objects, and Brentano believed that it was the defining characteristic of mental phenomena. Brentano also made important contributions to many fields in philosophy, including ethics, ontology, logic, the history of philosophy, and philosophical theology.

George Nyongesa, 2023

Hegel's main philosophy is on the phenomenology of mind, it delves into the intricate workings of... more Hegel's main philosophy is on the phenomenology of mind, it delves into the intricate workings of human consciousness and the development of self-awareness. This philosophical treatise examines the various stages through which the mind evolves, from its initial state of sensory perception to the attainment of absolute knowledge. Hegel's approach to understanding the mind is characterized by a dialectical method, wherein contradictions and conflicts are resolved through a process of synthesis. By analyzing the interplay between subject and object, Hegel seeks to uncover the underlying structures and processes that shape human thought and experience.

The phenomenology of mind, as expounded by Hegel, offers a comprehensive analysis of the human psyche and its evolution. Hegel's work emphasizes the importance of subjective experience and the role it plays in shaping our understanding of the world. Through a meticulous examination of the mind's development, Hegel uncovers the intricate interconnections between consciousness, perception, and reason. He argues that the mind progresses through a series of stages, each building upon the previous one, ultimately leading to the attainment of absolute knowledge.
Hegel's phenomenology of mind represents a groundbreaking contribution to the field of philosophy, particularly in its exploration of the nature of human consciousness. By examining the various stages of the mind's development, Hegel provides a framework for understanding the complexities of human thought and experience. His dialectical approach, which involves the resolution of contradictions through synthesis, offers a unique perspective on the evolution of the mind. Through his meticulous analysis, Hegel seeks to uncover the underlying structures and processes that shape our understanding of the world, ultimately leading to the attainment of absolute knowledge.

George Nyongesa, 2023

Immanuel Kant's synthesis thesis is a philosophical concept that has been widely discussed and de... more Immanuel Kant's synthesis thesis is a philosophical concept that has been widely discussed and debated in academic circles. The thesis posits that knowledge is not solely derived from experience or reason alone, but rather from a combination of both. Kant believed that the mind actively constructs knowledge by synthesizing sensory information with innate concepts, which he called categories. This synthesis is what allows us to have a coherent understanding of the world around us.
Kant's synthesis thesis has had a significant impact on the field of epistemology, which is concerned with the nature and limits of knowledge. Prior to Kant, many philosophers believed that knowledge was solely derived from sensory experience, or that reason alone was sufficient to arrive at truth. Kant's synthesis thesis challenged these views and provided a new framework for understanding how knowledge is acquired.
Despite its importance, Kant's synthesis thesis has also been subject to criticism and debate. Some philosophers have argued that the thesis is too abstract and difficult to apply in practice, while others have questioned the validity of Kant's categories. Nevertheless, the synthesis thesis remains a key concept in Kantian philosophy and continues to be studied and debated by scholars around the world.

George Nyongesa, 2023

Auguste Comte's philosophy is based on the thesis that society progresses through three stages: t... more Auguste Comte's philosophy is based on the thesis that society progresses through three stages: the theological, the metaphysical, and the positive. In the theological stage, people explain natural phenomena through supernatural beings and forces. In the metaphysical stage, people explain natural phenomena through abstract concepts and principles. In the positive stage, people explain natural phenomena through scientific observation and experimentation.
Comte believed that the positive stage was the highest stage of human development, and that it would eventually lead to a utopian society. He also believed that sociology, or the study of society, was the most important science because it could help guide society towards this utopian future. Comte's philosophy was influential in the development of positivism, a philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of empirical evidence and scientific methods.
While Comte's philosophy has been criticized for its Eurocentric and teleological assumptions, it remains an important contribution to the history of sociology and philosophy. His emphasis on the importance of scientific observation and experimentation has influenced many fields beyond sociology, including psychology, economics, and political science. Comte's thesis on the stages of societal development continues to be a topic of debate and discussion among scholars today.

Capitalism holds immense promise as a pathway to prosperity for Africa, offering a framework that... more Capitalism holds immense promise as a pathway to prosperity for Africa, offering a framework that can address the continent's economic challenges and unlock its vast potential. By embracing the principles of capitalism, African nations can foster sustainable development, reduce poverty, and create a conducive environment for investment and growth.

This book, "The Outsider" by Thorndike can be summarized as a research work that explores the con... more This book, "The Outsider" by Thorndike can be summarized as a research work that explores the concept of the outsider in society, focusing on individuals who feel disconnected or marginalized. Thorndike brings out the psychological and sociological aspects of being an outsider, examining the impact it has on one's identity, relationships, and overall well-being. He does through interviewing top CEOs for eight years. Through insightful analysis and thought-provoking examples, the author sheds light on the experiences and challenges faced by outsiders, ultimately encouraging readers to reflect on the importance of inclusivity and empathy in creating a more inclusive society.