Sa’Quan Hicks | University of the People (original) (raw)
Case Studies by Sa’Quan Hicks
Case Study, 2025
This case study examines the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793 and 1850, which were instrumental in per... more This case study examines the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793 and 1850, which were instrumental in perpetuating the institution of slavery and systemic racial oppression in the United States. The study explores the historical context of slavery and the Constitution, highlighting how these laws reflected the political, social, and economic interests of Southern slaveholders. It delves into the legal framework established by the Acts, which allowed for the capture and return of runaway slaves, and the role of key figures such as George Washington, Henry Clay, and John C. Calhoun in their passage. The enforcement mechanisms of the Acts, including federal marshals, bounty hunters, and local authorities, are analyzed, along with the resistance mounted by abolitionists like Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass. The case study also examines the complicity of the judicial system in upholding these laws and their lasting impact on American society, particularly in shaping racial attitudes and the legal status of African Americans. The legacy of the Fugitive Slave Acts is discussed in relation to modern racial inequalities, including racial profiling and mass incarceration, highlighting the ongoing struggle for racial justice and equality in the United States.
Case Study, 2025
This case study examines the legacy of oppression embedded in U.S. presidential leadership, focus... more This case study examines the legacy of oppression embedded in U.S. presidential leadership, focusing on how the policies and personal beliefs of 15 presidents perpetuated systemic racial inequalities and reinforced racial hierarchy. By analyzing the actions of these leaders within their historical contexts, the study explores the moral contradictions of American leadership, particularly in relation to slavery, segregation, and Native American displacement. The case study traces the ideological justifications for racial oppression, from the Founding Fathers’ support for slavery to the post-Civil War failures of Reconstruction, and the 20th-century reinforcement of segregation under Woodrow Wilson. Additionally, it investigates the long-lasting impacts of these presidential actions on modern racial disparities in wealth, education, and criminal justice. Through a critical examination of these historical legacies, the study underscores the importance of confronting historical injustices in the pursuit of racial equity and accountability in leadership.
Case Study, 2025
This case study explores the historical roots and transatlantic consequences of the African-Hebre... more This case study explores the historical roots and transatlantic consequences of the African-Hebrew divide, examining how cultural, religious, and historical distinctions between Africans and Hebrews influenced African participation in the transatlantic slave trade. Tracing the divide back to ancient interactions before Egypt, the study highlights how the perceived cultural and religious differences between Hebrews and African tribes, despite shared physical characteristics, contributed to the marginalization and eventual enslavement of Hebrews. By utilizing biblical texts, Egyptian records, African oral traditions, and European trade accounts, the study argues that these divisions played a significant role in justifying the involvement of African societies in the sale of Hebrews into slavery. The case study also examines the long-term consequences of this divide, particularly in shaping African American culture and religious practices in the Americas. Ultimately, the study underscores the complexity of African involvement in the slave trade and its lasting impact on the relationships between African and Hebrew-descended communities.
Case Study, 2025
This study explores the historical and archaeological evidence surrounding King Solomon and the S... more This study explores the historical and archaeological evidence surrounding King Solomon and the Solomonic dynasty, examining how findings from ancient sites align with the biblical narrative. King Solomon’s reign, as described in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, is marked by wisdom, wealth, and significant building projects, including the First Temple in Jerusalem. Archaeological excavations at key sites such as Megiddo, Hazor, and Gezer reveal fortifications, city gates, and advanced engineering projects that correspond to the biblical account of Solomon’s extensive construction efforts. Inscriptions like the Tel Dan Stele provide external corroboration for the Davidic dynasty, while trade artifacts and luxury goods suggest Solomon’s kingdom was a hub for international commerce. The study also investigates the Queen of Sheba’s visit, a significant diplomatic event that highlights Solomon’s global influence. The convergence of archaeological evidence and textual analysis underscores the historical plausibility of the Solomonic dynasty and its impact on the ancient Near East. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between biblical tradition and historical archaeology.
Case Study, 2025
This case study explores the physical and cultural connections between the Hebrews and African po... more This case study explores the physical and cultural connections between the Hebrews and African populations in ancient Egypt, focusing particularly on the Hebrews' ability to blend into Egyptian society during their time in Egypt. By examining genetic studies, archaeological evidence, historical accounts, and biblical texts, the study argues that the Hebrews, including Moses, likely shared physical traits with the indigenous African populations of Egypt and Nubia, which allowed them to integrate into Egyptian society seamlessly. The study highlights the presence of black African populations in the Nile Valley and their genetic continuity over time, offering evidence that the Hebrews' physical appearance was not drastically different from that of the Egyptians and Nubians. The case study also explores the role of Moses within the Egyptian royal court, his marriage to a Cushite woman, and the broader cultural interactions between the Hebrews and African peoples. Ultimately, the study emphasizes the importance of understanding the Hebrews as part of the broader African context, with deep physical, cultural, and historical connections to Egypt and Nubia.
Case Study, 2025
This case study examines the integral role that slavery played in shaping the economic foundation... more This case study examines the integral role that slavery played in shaping the economic foundation of the United States, particularly through industries such as cotton, sugar, and tobacco. It explores how enslaved labor not only fueled the Southern economy but also contributed to the growth of the industrial revolution in the U.S. and Europe. The study delves into the immense wealth generated by slavery, which extended beyond plantation owners to include financial institutions, corporations, and universities. It highlights the role of banks and insurance companies that profited from slavery and the long-term economic consequences for Black Americans, particularly in terms of generational wealth and systemic inequality. The case study also investigates how modern corporations and universities are addressing their historical ties to slavery, and the ongoing economic disparities that continue to affect Black communities today. By understanding the economic impact of slavery, this study emphasizes the importance of reparative actions to address the legacy of economic exploitation and work toward a more equitable future.
Case Study, 2025
This case study examines the controversial third verse of "The Star-Spangled Banner," which inclu... more This case study examines the controversial third verse of "The Star-Spangled Banner," which includes the phrase "hireling and slave" who "dare not breathe" under the American flag. Written by Francis Scott Key in 1814, the anthem has long been a symbol of American patriotism. However, the third verse, which refers to enslaved African Americans and those who fought for the British during the War of 1812, has largely been omitted from public performances due to its racially charged language. This study explores the historical context of the verse, analyzing its connection to the racial dynamics of the time, including the promise of freedom to enslaved people by the British and the exclusion of African Americans from the ideals of liberty espoused by the American flag. By investigating the intent behind Key’s words and the subsequent erasure of this verse from mainstream performances, the study sheds light on the complex relationship between national symbols, race, and historical memory. The analysis underscores the ongoing significance of this verse in contemporary discussions about racial justice, national identity, and the struggle for equality in the United States.
Case Study, 2025
The so-called "Dark Ages," traditionally viewed as a period of stagnation in Europe following the... more The so-called "Dark Ages," traditionally viewed as a period of stagnation in Europe following the fall of the Roman Empire, fails to account for the significant contributions of African and Middle Eastern civilizations that shaped European development during this time. This case study explores the transmission of knowledge and innovations from Africa and the Middle East to Europe through trade, conquest, and cultural exchange. Focusing on the Islamic Golden Age and African kingdoms such as Mali, the study highlights key contributions in fields such as mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and metallurgy. It examines how these innovations, transmitted via trade routes like the Silk Road and the trans-Saharan trade, played a crucial role in the intellectual and technological advancements of Europe. Additionally, the paper addresses the underrepresentation of these contributions in European historical narratives, attributing this bias to Eurocentrism and the legacy of colonialism. By revisiting the contributions of African and Middle Eastern societies, this study calls for a more inclusive historical narrative that acknowledges the global interconnectedness of the Middle Ages and its relevance to contemporary global cooperation and education.
Case Study, 2024
This case study explores the theological, cultural, and practical distinctions between Messianic ... more This case study explores the theological, cultural, and practical distinctions between Messianic Judaism and Christianity, two faith traditions that recognize Yahshua (Jesus) as the Messiah yet diverge in their approaches to worship, doctrine, and identity. Messianic Judaism integrates Hebrew traditions, such as Torah (Hebrew Bible/Old Testament) observance and the celebration of biblical festivals, with the affirmation of Yahshua as the fulfillment of Messianic prophecy. In contrast, Christianity emphasizes salvation through grace, universal outreach, and a departure from Torah-based practices, reflecting its historical development as a distinct tradition. Despite these differences, both faiths share a commitment to the Scriptures and the proclamation of Yahshua’s message. This study examines the historical roots of these traditions, their points of convergence, and the challenges and opportunities for dialogue between them. By analyzing their unique perspectives on Yahshua’s role, this work highlights the richness of their shared heritage and the potential for mutual understanding.
Case Study, 2024
This case study explores the theological conflict between Yahshua (Jesus) and the Pharisees, focu... more This case study explores the theological conflict between Yahshua (Jesus) and the Pharisees, focusing on their differing interpretations of the Torah (Hebrew Bible/Old Testament) and how this division contributed to the Pharisees' opposition to Jesus. The Pharisees, known for their strict adherence to both the written and oral laws, emphasized legalism and ritual purity, which Jesus critiqued for neglecting the deeper spiritual intent of the law. Through an analysis of key scriptural passages and historical context, this study examines how Jesus' teachings on love, mercy, and inner transformation challenged the Pharisees' understanding of the law, ultimately leading to their involvement in his arrest, trial, and crucifixion. The study highlights the Pharisees' motivations, both theological and political, in seeking Yahshua' death to preserve their religious authority and the stability of Judean society under Roman rule. The case study underscores the enduring relevance of this theological conflict, emphasizing the dangers of legalism and the need for a compassionate, heart-centered approach to religious observance.
Case Study, 2024
This case study explores the genealogical and historical connection between Esau, the Idumeans, t... more This case study explores the genealogical and historical connection between Esau, the Idumeans, the Herodian dynasty, and the rise of Rabbinic Judaism. By tracing the lineage of Esau through the Idumeans and their integration into Judean society, the study examines how the Herodian dynasty, led by rulers such as King Herod and King Herod Agrippa II, played a pivotal role in shaping the religious and sociopolitical landscape of the time. The Herodians’ support for Pharisaic scholarship, their promotion of centralized religious institutions, and their synthesis of Roman, Idumean, and Hebrew traditions contributed significantly to the formation of Rabbinic Judaism in the post-Temple era. This study highlights the profound impact of Esau’s lineage on the development of Judean religious practices, emphasizing the intersection of cultural, political, and religious influences that led to the emergence of Rabbinic Judaism as the dominant form of Judean tradition after the destruction of the Second Temple. Through this exploration, the case study sheds light on the complex historical roots of Rabbinic Judaism and its evolution from the Herodian period.
Case Study, 2024
This case study explores the historical evolution of the term "Jewish" and its implications for t... more This case study explores the historical evolution of the term "Jewish" and its implications for the cultural and ethnic identity of ancient Judahites. The term "Jewish" did not appear in the Bible, Torah, Tanakh or any other sacred works, and its use as an adjective can be traced back to the Middle English period (13th-14th centuries). By examining the linguistic shift from earlier terms like "Hebrew" and "Judahite" to "Jewish," this study argues that the creation and popularization of the term "Jewish" played a significant role in the redefinition and "whitewashing" of the identity of the ancient Judahites. This redefinition aligns with broader historical processes of cultural assimilation and the manipulation of ethnic identities, particularly in the context of the Hellenistic period and the rise of Roman influence. Through a detailed analysis of historical texts, linguistic shifts, and scholarly interpretations, this study examines how the term "Jewish" served not only as a linguistic development but also as a tool for reshaping the cultural and ethnic narrative of the Jewish people. The study further explores how this redefinition contributed to the marginalization of the original ethnic identity of the Judahites, distancing them from their ancient roots and aligning them with a broader, more generalized concept of "Jewishness" that could be more easily integrated into the evolving socio-political frameworks of the ancient world.
Case Study, 2024
This case study examines the historical evolution of Messianic Judaism, tracing its origins from ... more This case study examines the historical evolution of Messianic Judaism, tracing its origins from the early followers of Yeshua (Jesus) to its modern-day practices. It explores the Hebrew roots of Yeshua's disciples, who were Judahites adhering to Hebrew laws and traditions, and their belief in Yeshua as the fulfillment of Messianic prophecies. The study analyzes the divergence between Messianic Judaism and mainstream Judaism following the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, highlighting the rise of Rabbinic Judaism and the growing separation between Messianic Jews and traditional Judahite communities.
Furthermore, the study investigates how Messianic Jews have preserved Hebrew traditions, such as observing the Sabbath and celebrating Hebrew festivals, while recognizing Yeshua as the Messiah. It also delineates the theological and cultural differences between Messianic Judaism, traditional Judaism, and Christianity, emphasizing their distinct approaches to the Messiah and Hebrew identity.
The role of the early church, particularly the inclusion of Gentiles and the teachings of the Apostle Paul, is examined as a key factor in the separation between Messianic Judaism and mainstream Christianity. By exploring the historical, theological, and cultural dimensions of Messianic Judaism, this case study sheds light on its enduring identity as a bridge between Hebrew tradition and faith in Yeshua as the Messiah.
Case Study, 2024
The observance of the Sabbath, from Friday sundown to Saturday sundown, is a foundational practic... more The observance of the Sabbath, from Friday sundown to Saturday sundown, is a foundational practice in both Hebrew and Christian traditions. This case study explores the biblical and historical origins of the Sabbath, with a focus on its proper timing and significance. By examining key biblical references, such as Genesis 2:2-3 and Exodus 20:8-11, the study establishes the Sabbath as a day of rest and spiritual renewal, rooted in the creation narrative. The Hebrew understanding of time, where days begin at sunset, further reinforces the timing of the Sabbath. The study also discusses the shift in Christian practice to Sunday worship, highlighting the distinction between tradition and biblical command. Ultimately, the case study affirms that the Sabbath is biblically intended to be observed from Friday sundown to Saturday sundown, underscoring its continued relevance for both Hebrew and Christian communities today.
Case Study, 2024
This case study explores the origins of Santa Claus, focusing on his connections to ancient pagan... more This case study explores the origins of Santa Claus, focusing on his connections to ancient pagan traditions, particularly Norse mythology and the Yule festival. It examines how Santa Claus, as a modern figure, has roots in the pre-Christian figure of Odin, especially in his role as a gift-giver and the symbolic imagery of his sleigh and reindeer. The study dives into the blending of pagan and Christian customs, particularly the Yule celebrations, which later evolved into Christmas traditions. By tracing the historical development of Santa Claus, this paper highlights the fusion of mythological, cultural, and religious influences that shaped the modern-day image of Santa Claus. Additionally, the study investigates how these traditions spread across different cultures, eventually becoming an integral part of global Christmas celebrations. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical, mythological, and cultural sources, the paper demonstrates how Santa Claus is not just a modern commercial figure, but a product of centuries-old traditions that have been adapted and transformed over time.
Case Study, 2024
This case study critically examines the concept of gravity, challenging its status as a real, phy... more This case study critically examines the concept of gravity, challenging its status as a real, physical force. By exploring the historical development of gravitational theory, from Isaac Newton’s early propositions to Albert Einstein’s relativistic model, the study highlights key inconsistencies and gaps in the evidence supporting gravity. The paper argues that alternative explanations, such as density and buoyancy, offer a more coherent and consistent framework for understanding physical phenomena traditionally attributed to gravity. Through a detailed analysis of these alternative theories, the study aims to demonstrate that gravity, as commonly understood, lacks sufficient empirical support and does not function as a universal force. By rejecting the traditional notion of gravity, this paper opens the door to new avenues of inquiry in physics, suggesting that a re-evaluation of fundamental forces could lead to a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the natural world.
Case Study, 2024
This case study explores the biblical and historical evidence supporting the theory that Goliath,... more This case study explores the biblical and historical evidence supporting the theory that Goliath, the famous giant defeated by David, was a descendant of the Nephilim, a race of giants mentioned in the Book of Genesis. By examining key passages from Genesis 6:1-4, which introduces the Nephilim, and analyzing the genealogical references to the Anakim and other giant clans in the Bible, this study argues that Goliath’s lineage can be traced back to the Nephilim. Additionally, it explores how the Nephilim could have survived the flood, possibly through post-flood generations, and how these giants were integrated into the biblical narrative. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of Goliath’s connection to the Nephilim, offering new insights into the biblical understanding of giants and their role in ancient history. Through this investigation, the case study highlights the enduring mystery and significance of the Nephilim and their descendants in biblical tradition.
Case Study , 2024
The timing of the New Year has long been a subject of cultural and astronomical significance. Whi... more The timing of the New Year has long been a subject of cultural and astronomical significance. While many modern societies celebrate the New Year on January 1st, this timing does not align with the natural cycles of the Earth. This case study investigates the relationship between the New Year’s timing and the Earth’s natural cycles, such as the solar and lunar calendars, and argues that the New Year should not begin in the middle of winter. By examining the role of the solstices, the astronomical significance of the spring equinox, and the celestial events used by ancient cultures to establish timekeeping systems, this paper asserts that the spring equinox offers a more logical and natural starting point for the New Year. It explores how the solstices mark the beginning of new cycles, the agricultural connection to the spring equinox, and the use of celestial events by ancient civilizations to establish the New Year. Ultimately, this study calls for a reconsideration of the New Year’s timing, advocating for a spring-based celebration that aligns with the natural rhythms of the Earth and the agricultural cycles that have historically governed human societies.
Case Study, 2024
The exact date of Yeshua’s (Jesus Christ) birth has been a topic of debate for centuries, with tr... more The exact date of Yeshua’s (Jesus Christ) birth has been a topic of debate for centuries, with traditional celebrations placing it on December 25th. However, historical and biblical evidence, particularly from the Gospel of Luke, suggests that Jesus was likely born in the fall, specifically in September or October. This case study examines the priestly course of Abijah, as outlined in Luke 1:5-9, to calculate the birth of John the Baptist and its relationship to Jesus' birth. By analyzing the Hebrew calendar, the timing of the priestly courses, and the six-month gap between the births of John and Jesus, we establish a timeline that supports a fall birth for Jesus. Additionally, historical and cultural factors, such as the presence of shepherds in the fields and the connection to the Feast of Tabernacles, further strengthen this argument. The findings suggest that Jesus’ birth aligns with the fall season, offering theological significance tied to themes of harvest, renewal, and God’s presence among His people. This case study contributes to a deeper understanding of the timing of Jesus’ birth and its implications for Christian theology.
Case Study, 2024
The rise of Black Wall Street in Greenwood, Tulsa, Oklahoma, during the early 20th century repres... more The rise of Black Wall Street in Greenwood, Tulsa, Oklahoma, during the early 20th century represents a powerful narrative of African American resilience, innovation, and economic empowerment. This paper examines the historical context that led to Greenwood’s emergence as a thriving Black economic and cultural hub, driven by entrepreneurship, education, and community solidarity. Key figures such as O.W. Gurley, J.B. Stradford, and institutions like the Mount Zion Baptist Church and Booker T. Washington High School played pivotal roles in Greenwood’s development. The district’s success was anchored in cooperative economics, the circulation of wealth within the community, and a shared commitment to education and mutual support. However, the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921 devastated Black Wall Street, destroying lives, businesses, and decades of progress. Despite this tragedy, Greenwood’s legacy offers enduring lessons for modern efforts toward Black economic empowerment. By prioritizing self-reliance, education, entrepreneurship, and the preservation of Black history, today’s communities can draw inspiration from Greenwood’s achievements to address systemic economic disparities and foster collective progress.
Case Study, 2025
This case study examines the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793 and 1850, which were instrumental in per... more This case study examines the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793 and 1850, which were instrumental in perpetuating the institution of slavery and systemic racial oppression in the United States. The study explores the historical context of slavery and the Constitution, highlighting how these laws reflected the political, social, and economic interests of Southern slaveholders. It delves into the legal framework established by the Acts, which allowed for the capture and return of runaway slaves, and the role of key figures such as George Washington, Henry Clay, and John C. Calhoun in their passage. The enforcement mechanisms of the Acts, including federal marshals, bounty hunters, and local authorities, are analyzed, along with the resistance mounted by abolitionists like Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass. The case study also examines the complicity of the judicial system in upholding these laws and their lasting impact on American society, particularly in shaping racial attitudes and the legal status of African Americans. The legacy of the Fugitive Slave Acts is discussed in relation to modern racial inequalities, including racial profiling and mass incarceration, highlighting the ongoing struggle for racial justice and equality in the United States.
Case Study, 2025
This case study examines the legacy of oppression embedded in U.S. presidential leadership, focus... more This case study examines the legacy of oppression embedded in U.S. presidential leadership, focusing on how the policies and personal beliefs of 15 presidents perpetuated systemic racial inequalities and reinforced racial hierarchy. By analyzing the actions of these leaders within their historical contexts, the study explores the moral contradictions of American leadership, particularly in relation to slavery, segregation, and Native American displacement. The case study traces the ideological justifications for racial oppression, from the Founding Fathers’ support for slavery to the post-Civil War failures of Reconstruction, and the 20th-century reinforcement of segregation under Woodrow Wilson. Additionally, it investigates the long-lasting impacts of these presidential actions on modern racial disparities in wealth, education, and criminal justice. Through a critical examination of these historical legacies, the study underscores the importance of confronting historical injustices in the pursuit of racial equity and accountability in leadership.
Case Study, 2025
This case study explores the historical roots and transatlantic consequences of the African-Hebre... more This case study explores the historical roots and transatlantic consequences of the African-Hebrew divide, examining how cultural, religious, and historical distinctions between Africans and Hebrews influenced African participation in the transatlantic slave trade. Tracing the divide back to ancient interactions before Egypt, the study highlights how the perceived cultural and religious differences between Hebrews and African tribes, despite shared physical characteristics, contributed to the marginalization and eventual enslavement of Hebrews. By utilizing biblical texts, Egyptian records, African oral traditions, and European trade accounts, the study argues that these divisions played a significant role in justifying the involvement of African societies in the sale of Hebrews into slavery. The case study also examines the long-term consequences of this divide, particularly in shaping African American culture and religious practices in the Americas. Ultimately, the study underscores the complexity of African involvement in the slave trade and its lasting impact on the relationships between African and Hebrew-descended communities.
Case Study, 2025
This study explores the historical and archaeological evidence surrounding King Solomon and the S... more This study explores the historical and archaeological evidence surrounding King Solomon and the Solomonic dynasty, examining how findings from ancient sites align with the biblical narrative. King Solomon’s reign, as described in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, is marked by wisdom, wealth, and significant building projects, including the First Temple in Jerusalem. Archaeological excavations at key sites such as Megiddo, Hazor, and Gezer reveal fortifications, city gates, and advanced engineering projects that correspond to the biblical account of Solomon’s extensive construction efforts. Inscriptions like the Tel Dan Stele provide external corroboration for the Davidic dynasty, while trade artifacts and luxury goods suggest Solomon’s kingdom was a hub for international commerce. The study also investigates the Queen of Sheba’s visit, a significant diplomatic event that highlights Solomon’s global influence. The convergence of archaeological evidence and textual analysis underscores the historical plausibility of the Solomonic dynasty and its impact on the ancient Near East. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between biblical tradition and historical archaeology.
Case Study, 2025
This case study explores the physical and cultural connections between the Hebrews and African po... more This case study explores the physical and cultural connections between the Hebrews and African populations in ancient Egypt, focusing particularly on the Hebrews' ability to blend into Egyptian society during their time in Egypt. By examining genetic studies, archaeological evidence, historical accounts, and biblical texts, the study argues that the Hebrews, including Moses, likely shared physical traits with the indigenous African populations of Egypt and Nubia, which allowed them to integrate into Egyptian society seamlessly. The study highlights the presence of black African populations in the Nile Valley and their genetic continuity over time, offering evidence that the Hebrews' physical appearance was not drastically different from that of the Egyptians and Nubians. The case study also explores the role of Moses within the Egyptian royal court, his marriage to a Cushite woman, and the broader cultural interactions between the Hebrews and African peoples. Ultimately, the study emphasizes the importance of understanding the Hebrews as part of the broader African context, with deep physical, cultural, and historical connections to Egypt and Nubia.
Case Study, 2025
This case study examines the integral role that slavery played in shaping the economic foundation... more This case study examines the integral role that slavery played in shaping the economic foundation of the United States, particularly through industries such as cotton, sugar, and tobacco. It explores how enslaved labor not only fueled the Southern economy but also contributed to the growth of the industrial revolution in the U.S. and Europe. The study delves into the immense wealth generated by slavery, which extended beyond plantation owners to include financial institutions, corporations, and universities. It highlights the role of banks and insurance companies that profited from slavery and the long-term economic consequences for Black Americans, particularly in terms of generational wealth and systemic inequality. The case study also investigates how modern corporations and universities are addressing their historical ties to slavery, and the ongoing economic disparities that continue to affect Black communities today. By understanding the economic impact of slavery, this study emphasizes the importance of reparative actions to address the legacy of economic exploitation and work toward a more equitable future.
Case Study, 2025
This case study examines the controversial third verse of "The Star-Spangled Banner," which inclu... more This case study examines the controversial third verse of "The Star-Spangled Banner," which includes the phrase "hireling and slave" who "dare not breathe" under the American flag. Written by Francis Scott Key in 1814, the anthem has long been a symbol of American patriotism. However, the third verse, which refers to enslaved African Americans and those who fought for the British during the War of 1812, has largely been omitted from public performances due to its racially charged language. This study explores the historical context of the verse, analyzing its connection to the racial dynamics of the time, including the promise of freedom to enslaved people by the British and the exclusion of African Americans from the ideals of liberty espoused by the American flag. By investigating the intent behind Key’s words and the subsequent erasure of this verse from mainstream performances, the study sheds light on the complex relationship between national symbols, race, and historical memory. The analysis underscores the ongoing significance of this verse in contemporary discussions about racial justice, national identity, and the struggle for equality in the United States.
Case Study, 2025
The so-called "Dark Ages," traditionally viewed as a period of stagnation in Europe following the... more The so-called "Dark Ages," traditionally viewed as a period of stagnation in Europe following the fall of the Roman Empire, fails to account for the significant contributions of African and Middle Eastern civilizations that shaped European development during this time. This case study explores the transmission of knowledge and innovations from Africa and the Middle East to Europe through trade, conquest, and cultural exchange. Focusing on the Islamic Golden Age and African kingdoms such as Mali, the study highlights key contributions in fields such as mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and metallurgy. It examines how these innovations, transmitted via trade routes like the Silk Road and the trans-Saharan trade, played a crucial role in the intellectual and technological advancements of Europe. Additionally, the paper addresses the underrepresentation of these contributions in European historical narratives, attributing this bias to Eurocentrism and the legacy of colonialism. By revisiting the contributions of African and Middle Eastern societies, this study calls for a more inclusive historical narrative that acknowledges the global interconnectedness of the Middle Ages and its relevance to contemporary global cooperation and education.
Case Study, 2024
This case study explores the theological, cultural, and practical distinctions between Messianic ... more This case study explores the theological, cultural, and practical distinctions between Messianic Judaism and Christianity, two faith traditions that recognize Yahshua (Jesus) as the Messiah yet diverge in their approaches to worship, doctrine, and identity. Messianic Judaism integrates Hebrew traditions, such as Torah (Hebrew Bible/Old Testament) observance and the celebration of biblical festivals, with the affirmation of Yahshua as the fulfillment of Messianic prophecy. In contrast, Christianity emphasizes salvation through grace, universal outreach, and a departure from Torah-based practices, reflecting its historical development as a distinct tradition. Despite these differences, both faiths share a commitment to the Scriptures and the proclamation of Yahshua’s message. This study examines the historical roots of these traditions, their points of convergence, and the challenges and opportunities for dialogue between them. By analyzing their unique perspectives on Yahshua’s role, this work highlights the richness of their shared heritage and the potential for mutual understanding.
Case Study, 2024
This case study explores the theological conflict between Yahshua (Jesus) and the Pharisees, focu... more This case study explores the theological conflict between Yahshua (Jesus) and the Pharisees, focusing on their differing interpretations of the Torah (Hebrew Bible/Old Testament) and how this division contributed to the Pharisees' opposition to Jesus. The Pharisees, known for their strict adherence to both the written and oral laws, emphasized legalism and ritual purity, which Jesus critiqued for neglecting the deeper spiritual intent of the law. Through an analysis of key scriptural passages and historical context, this study examines how Jesus' teachings on love, mercy, and inner transformation challenged the Pharisees' understanding of the law, ultimately leading to their involvement in his arrest, trial, and crucifixion. The study highlights the Pharisees' motivations, both theological and political, in seeking Yahshua' death to preserve their religious authority and the stability of Judean society under Roman rule. The case study underscores the enduring relevance of this theological conflict, emphasizing the dangers of legalism and the need for a compassionate, heart-centered approach to religious observance.
Case Study, 2024
This case study explores the genealogical and historical connection between Esau, the Idumeans, t... more This case study explores the genealogical and historical connection between Esau, the Idumeans, the Herodian dynasty, and the rise of Rabbinic Judaism. By tracing the lineage of Esau through the Idumeans and their integration into Judean society, the study examines how the Herodian dynasty, led by rulers such as King Herod and King Herod Agrippa II, played a pivotal role in shaping the religious and sociopolitical landscape of the time. The Herodians’ support for Pharisaic scholarship, their promotion of centralized religious institutions, and their synthesis of Roman, Idumean, and Hebrew traditions contributed significantly to the formation of Rabbinic Judaism in the post-Temple era. This study highlights the profound impact of Esau’s lineage on the development of Judean religious practices, emphasizing the intersection of cultural, political, and religious influences that led to the emergence of Rabbinic Judaism as the dominant form of Judean tradition after the destruction of the Second Temple. Through this exploration, the case study sheds light on the complex historical roots of Rabbinic Judaism and its evolution from the Herodian period.
Case Study, 2024
This case study explores the historical evolution of the term "Jewish" and its implications for t... more This case study explores the historical evolution of the term "Jewish" and its implications for the cultural and ethnic identity of ancient Judahites. The term "Jewish" did not appear in the Bible, Torah, Tanakh or any other sacred works, and its use as an adjective can be traced back to the Middle English period (13th-14th centuries). By examining the linguistic shift from earlier terms like "Hebrew" and "Judahite" to "Jewish," this study argues that the creation and popularization of the term "Jewish" played a significant role in the redefinition and "whitewashing" of the identity of the ancient Judahites. This redefinition aligns with broader historical processes of cultural assimilation and the manipulation of ethnic identities, particularly in the context of the Hellenistic period and the rise of Roman influence. Through a detailed analysis of historical texts, linguistic shifts, and scholarly interpretations, this study examines how the term "Jewish" served not only as a linguistic development but also as a tool for reshaping the cultural and ethnic narrative of the Jewish people. The study further explores how this redefinition contributed to the marginalization of the original ethnic identity of the Judahites, distancing them from their ancient roots and aligning them with a broader, more generalized concept of "Jewishness" that could be more easily integrated into the evolving socio-political frameworks of the ancient world.
Case Study, 2024
This case study examines the historical evolution of Messianic Judaism, tracing its origins from ... more This case study examines the historical evolution of Messianic Judaism, tracing its origins from the early followers of Yeshua (Jesus) to its modern-day practices. It explores the Hebrew roots of Yeshua's disciples, who were Judahites adhering to Hebrew laws and traditions, and their belief in Yeshua as the fulfillment of Messianic prophecies. The study analyzes the divergence between Messianic Judaism and mainstream Judaism following the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, highlighting the rise of Rabbinic Judaism and the growing separation between Messianic Jews and traditional Judahite communities.
Furthermore, the study investigates how Messianic Jews have preserved Hebrew traditions, such as observing the Sabbath and celebrating Hebrew festivals, while recognizing Yeshua as the Messiah. It also delineates the theological and cultural differences between Messianic Judaism, traditional Judaism, and Christianity, emphasizing their distinct approaches to the Messiah and Hebrew identity.
The role of the early church, particularly the inclusion of Gentiles and the teachings of the Apostle Paul, is examined as a key factor in the separation between Messianic Judaism and mainstream Christianity. By exploring the historical, theological, and cultural dimensions of Messianic Judaism, this case study sheds light on its enduring identity as a bridge between Hebrew tradition and faith in Yeshua as the Messiah.
Case Study, 2024
The observance of the Sabbath, from Friday sundown to Saturday sundown, is a foundational practic... more The observance of the Sabbath, from Friday sundown to Saturday sundown, is a foundational practice in both Hebrew and Christian traditions. This case study explores the biblical and historical origins of the Sabbath, with a focus on its proper timing and significance. By examining key biblical references, such as Genesis 2:2-3 and Exodus 20:8-11, the study establishes the Sabbath as a day of rest and spiritual renewal, rooted in the creation narrative. The Hebrew understanding of time, where days begin at sunset, further reinforces the timing of the Sabbath. The study also discusses the shift in Christian practice to Sunday worship, highlighting the distinction between tradition and biblical command. Ultimately, the case study affirms that the Sabbath is biblically intended to be observed from Friday sundown to Saturday sundown, underscoring its continued relevance for both Hebrew and Christian communities today.
Case Study, 2024
This case study explores the origins of Santa Claus, focusing on his connections to ancient pagan... more This case study explores the origins of Santa Claus, focusing on his connections to ancient pagan traditions, particularly Norse mythology and the Yule festival. It examines how Santa Claus, as a modern figure, has roots in the pre-Christian figure of Odin, especially in his role as a gift-giver and the symbolic imagery of his sleigh and reindeer. The study dives into the blending of pagan and Christian customs, particularly the Yule celebrations, which later evolved into Christmas traditions. By tracing the historical development of Santa Claus, this paper highlights the fusion of mythological, cultural, and religious influences that shaped the modern-day image of Santa Claus. Additionally, the study investigates how these traditions spread across different cultures, eventually becoming an integral part of global Christmas celebrations. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical, mythological, and cultural sources, the paper demonstrates how Santa Claus is not just a modern commercial figure, but a product of centuries-old traditions that have been adapted and transformed over time.
Case Study, 2024
This case study critically examines the concept of gravity, challenging its status as a real, phy... more This case study critically examines the concept of gravity, challenging its status as a real, physical force. By exploring the historical development of gravitational theory, from Isaac Newton’s early propositions to Albert Einstein’s relativistic model, the study highlights key inconsistencies and gaps in the evidence supporting gravity. The paper argues that alternative explanations, such as density and buoyancy, offer a more coherent and consistent framework for understanding physical phenomena traditionally attributed to gravity. Through a detailed analysis of these alternative theories, the study aims to demonstrate that gravity, as commonly understood, lacks sufficient empirical support and does not function as a universal force. By rejecting the traditional notion of gravity, this paper opens the door to new avenues of inquiry in physics, suggesting that a re-evaluation of fundamental forces could lead to a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the natural world.
Case Study, 2024
This case study explores the biblical and historical evidence supporting the theory that Goliath,... more This case study explores the biblical and historical evidence supporting the theory that Goliath, the famous giant defeated by David, was a descendant of the Nephilim, a race of giants mentioned in the Book of Genesis. By examining key passages from Genesis 6:1-4, which introduces the Nephilim, and analyzing the genealogical references to the Anakim and other giant clans in the Bible, this study argues that Goliath’s lineage can be traced back to the Nephilim. Additionally, it explores how the Nephilim could have survived the flood, possibly through post-flood generations, and how these giants were integrated into the biblical narrative. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of Goliath’s connection to the Nephilim, offering new insights into the biblical understanding of giants and their role in ancient history. Through this investigation, the case study highlights the enduring mystery and significance of the Nephilim and their descendants in biblical tradition.
Case Study , 2024
The timing of the New Year has long been a subject of cultural and astronomical significance. Whi... more The timing of the New Year has long been a subject of cultural and astronomical significance. While many modern societies celebrate the New Year on January 1st, this timing does not align with the natural cycles of the Earth. This case study investigates the relationship between the New Year’s timing and the Earth’s natural cycles, such as the solar and lunar calendars, and argues that the New Year should not begin in the middle of winter. By examining the role of the solstices, the astronomical significance of the spring equinox, and the celestial events used by ancient cultures to establish timekeeping systems, this paper asserts that the spring equinox offers a more logical and natural starting point for the New Year. It explores how the solstices mark the beginning of new cycles, the agricultural connection to the spring equinox, and the use of celestial events by ancient civilizations to establish the New Year. Ultimately, this study calls for a reconsideration of the New Year’s timing, advocating for a spring-based celebration that aligns with the natural rhythms of the Earth and the agricultural cycles that have historically governed human societies.
Case Study, 2024
The exact date of Yeshua’s (Jesus Christ) birth has been a topic of debate for centuries, with tr... more The exact date of Yeshua’s (Jesus Christ) birth has been a topic of debate for centuries, with traditional celebrations placing it on December 25th. However, historical and biblical evidence, particularly from the Gospel of Luke, suggests that Jesus was likely born in the fall, specifically in September or October. This case study examines the priestly course of Abijah, as outlined in Luke 1:5-9, to calculate the birth of John the Baptist and its relationship to Jesus' birth. By analyzing the Hebrew calendar, the timing of the priestly courses, and the six-month gap between the births of John and Jesus, we establish a timeline that supports a fall birth for Jesus. Additionally, historical and cultural factors, such as the presence of shepherds in the fields and the connection to the Feast of Tabernacles, further strengthen this argument. The findings suggest that Jesus’ birth aligns with the fall season, offering theological significance tied to themes of harvest, renewal, and God’s presence among His people. This case study contributes to a deeper understanding of the timing of Jesus’ birth and its implications for Christian theology.
Case Study, 2024
The rise of Black Wall Street in Greenwood, Tulsa, Oklahoma, during the early 20th century repres... more The rise of Black Wall Street in Greenwood, Tulsa, Oklahoma, during the early 20th century represents a powerful narrative of African American resilience, innovation, and economic empowerment. This paper examines the historical context that led to Greenwood’s emergence as a thriving Black economic and cultural hub, driven by entrepreneurship, education, and community solidarity. Key figures such as O.W. Gurley, J.B. Stradford, and institutions like the Mount Zion Baptist Church and Booker T. Washington High School played pivotal roles in Greenwood’s development. The district’s success was anchored in cooperative economics, the circulation of wealth within the community, and a shared commitment to education and mutual support. However, the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921 devastated Black Wall Street, destroying lives, businesses, and decades of progress. Despite this tragedy, Greenwood’s legacy offers enduring lessons for modern efforts toward Black economic empowerment. By prioritizing self-reliance, education, entrepreneurship, and the preservation of Black history, today’s communities can draw inspiration from Greenwood’s achievements to address systemic economic disparities and foster collective progress.