Shafqat Mumtaz | University of Sargodha (original) (raw)

Teaching Documents by Shafqat Mumtaz

The secondary teachers showed more positive attitudes towards SN students than did their primary ... more The secondary teachers showed more positive attitudes towards SN students than did their primary colleagues, as well as towards teaching and adaptation with respect to the students' SN and towards the psychophysical strain related to such work. The youngest group of teachers, those aged from 20 to 30, shows a higher level of agreement related to the provision of adequate support. Teachers with fewer SN students in class (up to two students) show a higher degree of support for inclusion of SN students than do other groups of teachers. Teachers without training for work with SN students in comparison with their colleagues who had it show a lower level of agreement with respect to support and assistance at educational work with SN students.

The third law of thermodynamics states that: " The entropy of all the perfect crystalline solids ... more The third law of thermodynamics states that: " The entropy of all the perfect crystalline solids is zeros at absolute zero temperature ". The third law of thermodynamics is also referred to as Nernst law. It provides the basis for the calculation of absolute entropies of the substances. Mathematically, Lim T –>0 S = 0 If the entropy is zero at temperature T = o, then this law states that the absolute entropy Sab of a substance at temperature T and pressure P is expressed by the following expression: SabT∫0 (δQ) rev / T Importance of third law of thermodynamics is given below: 1) It helps in calculating the thermodynamicproperties. 2) It is helpful in measuring chemical affinity. Because of this it is known as Nernst theorem. 3) It explains the behavior of solids at very low temperature.

Conference Presentations by Shafqat Mumtaz

Clipping circuits are used to clip away an unwanted portion of the waveform, clamping circuits ar... more Clipping circuits are used to clip away an unwanted portion of the waveform, clamping circuits are used to vary the dc level Clipping is the process of making the output voltage constant after a certain voltage level. It is a device designed to prevent the output of a circuit from exceeding a paticular voltage level without distorting the remaining part of the applied waveform. Clamping is the process of adding a certain amount of dc throughtout the ac waveform. The result is a sinusoidal waveform that is shifted from the symmetric position about the x-axis to a different dc level. Both clipping and clamping circuits use the advantages of the unidirectional property of a diode. A basic clipper circuit requires resistors, diodes, and voltage sources to determine the level of clipping. A basic clamping circuit diodes, resistors and capacitors. The capacitor stores the dc factor of the input ac and acts as a dc source for the clamper.

Drafts by Shafqat Mumtaz

Topics The Planck formula for black-body radiation. Revision of waves in a box. Radiation in ther... more Topics The Planck formula for black-body radiation. Revision of waves in a box. Radiation in thermal equilibrium. The equipartition theorem and the ultraviolet catastrophe. The photoelectric effect. The wave-particle duality. Quantisation of radiation and the derivation of the Planck spectrum. The Stefan-Boltzmann law.

A helicon plasma source has been designed using annular permanent magnets to produce the required... more A helicon plasma source has been designed using annular permanent magnets to produce the required DC magnetic field (B-field). With the discharge tube located in the remote field, rather than the internal field of the magnet rings, the plasma can be injected into a processing chamber containing the substrate to be treated. The discharge tube, radiofrequency (RF) antenna and magnet size were optimized by computation and tested by experiment. A distributed source comprising eight individual discharges was constructed and tested. Such sources are capable of producing downstream densities >10 12 cm −3 (in argon) over an arbitrarily large area for high-flux applications.

Books by Shafqat Mumtaz

Papers by Shafqat Mumtaz

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, Jan 28, 2014

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanoparticles with narrow size distribution were prepared in org... more Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanoparticles with narrow size distribution were prepared in organic dispersant media in the presence of both iron(III) dodecylbenzenesulfonate {Fe(DBS)3}-acting as both an oxidant and a stabilizer-and ω-functionalized polyisoprenes (ω-R-PI) as costabilizers. The effects of the solvent nature and concentration of Fe(DBS)3 on the size and morphology of the PEDOT particles were first studied in the absence of costabilizer. Second, the effects of the molar mass, concentration, and nature of the functional end group of the polyisoprene costabilizer were investigated. PEDOT nano-objects were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and conductivity measurements.

ACS applied polymer materials, May 12, 2023

There is no denying to the significance of natural resources in the growth of the economy. There ... more There is no denying to the significance of natural resources in the growth of the economy. There is not much that can be done in the economic sphere without sufficient raw materials. This is the rationale behind prioritising the extraction of natural resources from conveniently accessible places over those that require more effort. China follows the same model and has high-speed expansion in coastal regions, leaving inland regions in the dust. Rich in energy resources Xinjiang is ready for the booming development like the other regions of China. However, the major challenge in this development is “Sea port”. Abundant in energy sources, Xinjiang, like the other areas of China, is prepared for rapid development. However, "Sea port" is the main obstacle to its development. Xinjiang is one of China's most ecologically sensitive regions since it is one of the driest locations and is the furthest away from any ocean or sea. China aims to connect Xinjiang to global markets through Pakistan's Gwadar port in order to promote rapid economic development. In actuality, China is interested in expanding Gwadar port for economic reasons. The growing importance of Central Asia's oil resources, China's rising energy needs from the Persian Gulf, and China's "go west" programme for its western area are among the reasons for China to assist Pakistan in the development of Gwadar port. The paper argues that China will choose Gwadar port as a gate way for import and export of Xinjiang’s products instead of its own faraway eastern ports.

exhibited high lithium insertion. Table 3.11 depicts specific capacitance for the copper coated e... more exhibited high lithium insertion. Table 3.11 depicts specific capacitance for the copper coated electrodes used for the battery type supercapacitors. As a result of this performance, these compounds could also be seen as promising materials for supercapacitors. The active mass used was only 0.2 g per electrode sheet at laboratory scale, in comparison to the commercial films where (5-8) g is used. Li x Fe y Ti 3-x-y O 3 (1 ≤ x ≤ 1.75 and 0.75 ≤ y ≤ 1.5) as a second series has been investigated as a possible positive electrode for use in lithium ion batteries. These compositions are rock salt members of the solid solution between LiFeTiO 4 and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 composition. X-ray patterns confirmed the presence of a disordered rock salt phase instead of a mixture of spinel and rock salt as earlier reported. Rock salt composition x = 1.75, y = 0.75 showed a capacity of 207 mA h g-1 over 25 cycles in comparison to spinels, LiMn 2 O 4 and LiNiO 2 (148 and 140) mA h g-1 , respectively. Third investigated composition was carbon doped ramsdellite lithium titanate, LiTi 2 O 3.75 C 0.25. This phase was produced in a two-step method, firstly, carbon was doped using the precursor Ti 2 OC, to form LiTi 2 O 3.75 C 0.25 , and later Li was extracted using an acid oxidation method. Both XRD analysis and TGA revealed the phase formation and purity. The phase pure Ti 2 O 3.75 C 0.25 powder was tested in a Li cell configuration in combination with Li metal anode and LiClO 4 as the electrolyte. The electrochemical properties were determined via redox cycling in (0-3.0), (0.5-2.8) and (1.2-1.3) V potential windows, revealing various sites for Li ion intercalation. The

Advances in Production Engineering & Management, Mar 30, 2023

In response to the wide range of customer demands, the concept of reconfigurable manufacturing sy... more In response to the wide range of customer demands, the concept of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) was introduced in the industrial sector. RMS enables producers to meet varying volumes of demand over varying time periods by swiftly adjusting its production capacity and functionality within a part family in response to abrupt market changes. In these circumstances, RMS are made to swiftly reconfigure their Reconfigurable Machine Tools (RMTs). RMTs are designed to have a variety of configurations that may be conditionally chosen and reconfigured in accordance with specific performance goals. However, the reconfiguration process is not an easy process, which entails optimization of several objectives and many of which are inherently conflictual. As a result, it necessitates real-time monitoring of the RMS's condition, which may be achieved by digital twinning, or the real-time capture of system data. The concept of using a digital replica of a physical system to provide real-time optimization is known as digital twin. This work considered a case study of discrete parts manufacturing on a reconfigurable single manufacturing transfer line (SMTL). Six manufacturing operations are required to be performed on the parts at six production stages. This work uses the Digital Twin (DT) based approach to assist a discrete multi-objective optimization problem for a reconfigurable manufacturing transfer line. This multi-objective optimization problem consists of four objective functions which is illustrated by using DT-based Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The innovative aspect of the current study is the use of a DT-based framework for RMS reconfiguration to produce the best optimum solutions. The produced real-time solutions will be of great assistance to the decision maker in selecting the appropriate real-time optimal solutions for reconfigurable manufacturing transfer lines.

Bismillah hir-Rahman nir-Rahim (in the name of Allah, the most gracious, the most compassionate).... more Bismillah hir-Rahman nir-Rahim (in the name of Allah, the most gracious, the most compassionate). I offer all the praises and gratitude to Allah Subhana Wa Tala (glorified and exalted be He), the creator of all things and the Almighty, Who has bestowed upon me the quest for knowledge and granted me determination to accomplish this research. My individual efforts were not sufficient for accomplishing this thesis; several individuals helped me throughout the research work. This help was not only in the form of technical knowledge, but through motivation, encouragement, time and support, and pertinent criticism which I have been given by many individuals. First and foremost I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. José A. Puppim de Oliveira, for his belief in this research from the beginning, and consistent support throughout. I thank you for your guidance, thought provoking suggestions, pertinent criticism, and encouragement that you provided me throughout this research. Your help have been invaluable at every stage of this work, but particularly in these final stages to conclude this thesis. I express my sincere thanks to my PhD Advisor Prof. Saleem H. Ali for your guidance, encouragement, and help to establish my better understanding about policy research during my stay as a PhD Visiting Fellow at University of Delaware, USA. You not only taught me how to embark on a research problem but also taught me how to write in the right way. Your support in my study has been an invaluable asset for me. I am indebted to all the research respondents for making themselves available for interview(s) and kindly sharing their experiences, thoughts and information. I am grateful to the Ministry of Climate Change Islamabad, Center for Climate Change in Khyber Pukhtunkhawa, and Ayub Agriculture Research Institute in Faisalabad for provision of information and relevant documents during my fieldwork. Enormous thanks to my friends and colleagues at the Fundação Getúlio Vargas, FGV-EAESP, for stimulating discussions and insights that have informed this thesis. My special thanks to Prof. Ana Cristina Braga Martes, Prof. Marcus Vinícius P. Gomes, and my friend Guarany Ipê do Sol Osório for your insights and encouragement especially in the early stages of this work. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Mário Aquino Alves and Prof. Marta Ferreira Santos Farah for your help for my adjustment in a new environment in a different culture, to put me in contact with amazing people, and for your regular support for my whole stint in Brazil. Huge thanks to my friend and PhD Fellow Rene Fernandes for your help and support throughout my PhD. You are always available whenever I need any help. Thank you.

Healthy and dirt-free environment is very important for all living and non living creatures in th... more Healthy and dirt-free environment is very important for all living and non living creatures in this universe. To control the environmental degradation every country has legislated several laws. Special arrangements have been made by all the countries for the effective implementation of these laws. For this purpose many environment institutions were created for the regulation of purified environment in Pakistan. In this century several developments have been made regarding legal frame work of environmental law in Pakistan. Healthy environment is a basic necessity of every human being but it is badly being polluted in multi factors. Hence we desperately need to have advance organisations to conquer all natural issues. All environmental institutions in Pakistan which can play the significant role have been classified into two categories governmental and nongovernmental .The role of these institutions can never be denied for the preservation of clean and healthy environment but there are many flaws in their working like corruption, lack of resource and technical staff, non implementation of laws etc. The aim and goal of this research paper is to analyse the working of environmental institutions under the existing legal frame work for the healthy environment in Pakistan. The efforts will also be made to examine critically the lacunas and performance of institutions responsible for the protection of clean and healthy environment in Pakistan. This paper will also provide the recommendations and suggestions for the effective working of the environmental institutions in Pakistan.

Global Public Policy and Governance, Mar 1, 2023

An active damping (AD) of filter capacitor current for LCL single phase grid connected inverter (... more An active damping (AD) of filter capacitor current for LCL single phase grid connected inverter (GCI) is introduced. In suggested method, a damping coefficient is added across the LCL filter system and feedback capacitor current at reference voltage point to form a damping loop. This configuration is known as the Parallel Feedforward Compensation (PFC) method. It has fast dynamic response and relatively convenient tuning procedure as compared to capacitor current proportionally feedback method. The grid current regulation is achieved by Proportional Resonant (PR) control implementation. The effect of damping coefficient and stability characteristics of current control loop under LCL filter parameter variation is analyzed with suggested methodology. Finally, the effectiveness of suggested methodology is examined in MATLAB environment and verified by simulation results.

JURTEKSI (Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi), Jun 21, 2023

DKM has objectives such as overseeing the security and orderliness of the mosque as a whole, and ... more DKM has objectives such as overseeing the security and orderliness of the mosque as a whole, and managing the financial flows that exist within the mosque. Financial flow is a means of cash flow in a period related to the responsibility of company or agency management in managing cash both from operational, funding and investment activities. In managing current financial flows, DKM Masjid Al Ashlah Kopo Bandung still uses conventional manual recording methods. Such a system raises problems, including documentation of donors, calculations of zakat to be paid by congregations that are not in accordance with procedures. This makes the management and recording of cash flows less effective and efficient and also makes the management of the Bendahara DKM limited. SiKeMas is a system that has the goal of providing convenience in facilitating various DKM needs in managing financial flows, as well as informing DKM about the management of financial flow data. The research method used is the Object Oriented approach with various tools the design uses the UML. The system development is carried out using the prototype method. The results of this research are an application based on Desktop Client-Server with JAVA NetBeans IDE 7 and MySQL DBMS.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, Jan 28, 2014

ACS applied polymer materials, May 12, 2023

Advances in Production Engineering & Management, Mar 30, 2023

Global Public Policy and Governance, Mar 1, 2023

JURTEKSI (Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi), Jun 21, 2023

Environmental Science & Policy, Sep 1, 2023

Pakistan languages and humanities review, Sep 30, 2021

UN Convention on the Rights of the Child revolutionized the jurisprudence and concepts of human r... more UN Convention on the Rights of the Child revolutionized the jurisprudence and concepts of human rights and declared children as rights holder for the first time. However, there are manifold challenges which are hurdling the implementation of Convention. The challenges are of three different types i.e., the challenges within states parties, challenges in Convention self and some external challenges that are causing problems in the implementation of Convention, thereby resulting into nonrealization of the rights of the children. This paper discusses the last two categories of the challenges, that lie within Convention itself and external ones. Although Pakistan is major focus, but United Kingdom and France have been taken as examples and comparative purpose being torch bearers of Common Law and Civil Law respectively.

Advances in Life Science and Technology, 2018

The present study was carried to assess the role of agricultural extension in expansion of date p... more The present study was carried to assess the role of agricultural extension in expansion of date palm orchards in district Dera Ismail Khan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The total number of sampled respondents was 104 which were selected randomly on the basis of proportional sampling allocation technique from four different villages of the study area. The respondents were categorized in different groups on the basis of their age, education land holding size and tenancy status etc. It was found that majority (44.2%) of the farmers were of age above 45 years. The educational level of majority (32.7%) of the farmers was upto primary. It was found from the study that the agriculture extension was not playing its role vitally in the study area and the farmers were getting most of the information from other sources such as media and fellow farmers etc. Though the role of agriculture extension was limited, the farmers were anticipative about the actinoid future of date in the study area.

international journal of research in computer application & management, Aug 6, 2013

Islamic banking is a classical concept that plays a vital role in the economic development of any... more Islamic banking is a classical concept that plays a vital role in the economic development of any country Islamic or non-Islamic country. During the last three decades Islamic banking system has appeared as a possible substitute and a competition for the conventional banking system. Transactions of Islamic banking are governed by the codes of the shariah, which excludes interest and normalizes that income, must be resulting as return from capitalist investment. Operations of Islamic banking are currently practiced in Global banking system. There is need to Educate and aware the Muslim community about Islamic financial instruments; create awareness about the terminologies that are used in Islamic banking ,service providers of Islamic banking need to improve the information system within the Islamic banking institutions and communities. Islamic banking needs to work hard for competition with conventional banking in sector of supervision and regulation. This paper include what instruments are used in Islamic banking , what issues and challenges are facing Islamic banking in global world as well as is Pakistan, brief difference between Islamic and conventional banking, SWOT analysis of Islamic banks ,evolution of Islamic banking etc. At the end of this paper some suggestions and recommendation for improvement of Islamic banking has been given.

Research on humanities and social sciences, 2014

International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, Jun 22, 2021

Increase in the greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO2) are responsible for environm... more Increase in the greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO2) are responsible for environmental problems like global warming and climate change. This study applies the Stochastic Impact by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) framework to analyse the impact of population, economic growth, economic development, urbanization, and energy use on per capita carbon emissions for India and China. Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is also tested within the STIRPAT framework. A time series analysis is done from 1980 to 2019 for China and India. Through application of Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model, we found the existence of EKC for China and India. Results further show that population and energy use is positively related to CO2 discharges. In case of India, urbanization positively affects CO2 discharges whereas for China our findings show that urbanization helps in reducing CO2 discharges. However, domestic loan to private sector has resulted in environmental degradation in case of both countries.

CRC Press eBooks, Jul 23, 2021

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into electrical power systems,... more With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into electrical power systems, DC microgrids bring an appealing solution to overcome the integration challenges. Due to the massive integration of RES into the electrical power system among DC microgrids, critical challenges have been aroused in controller design and its operation. In large-scale DC microgrids, complexities and control requirements are complicated than small scale grid. Existing primary and secondary cooperative control structures rely on PI controllers that make them vulnerable at higher nodes. In this paper, by considering the DC microgrid control requirements, structural improvements have been suggested to improve controller stability and performance. A droop-less control scheme has been proposed in this paper by augmenting a finite gain controller in voltage loop with PI controller in the current control loop of DC/DC converter. A different strategy has been employed at distributed secondary control for the estimation of average voltage and current difference. The proposed droop-less controller offers several benefits such as simplicity in the control structure, higher stability, higher scalability, and overall better system reliability. The simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink setup verify the controller efficiency and feasibility. Moreover, voltage control bandwidth comparison is presented while considering communication delays and in the presence of a higher system nodes.

ACS applied nano materials, Mar 17, 2023

Solar Energy, Nov 1, 2019

We report on the potential of tuning poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) properties through functionaliz... more We report on the potential of tuning poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) properties through functionalization for an application as hole transport material (HTM) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The synthesized PVK-based polymers were substituted with moieties of interest to improve the solubility, the charge transport properties, or to tune energy levels. Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine moieties were found to improve the hole mobility and to increase the HOMO level of the PVK. Therefore, PSCs employing PVK-[N(PhOCH 3) 2 ] 2 as HTM exhibited a best PCE of 16.7%. Compared to spiro-OMeTAD, first studies have shown that PVK-[N(PhOCH 3) 2 ] 2 could extend PSC lifetime.