Marianne Leila Santiago-Flores | University of the Philippines Los Baños (original) (raw)
Papers by Marianne Leila Santiago-Flores
The Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2004
The pattern, orientation, dorsal margin, and distance between the dorsal margins of the cuticular... more The pattern, orientation, dorsal margin, and distance between the dorsal margins of the cuticular cells of the hair from different regions of four species of Philippine Vivverids were examined under a scanning electron microscope. The study revealed minor differences on the cuticular pattern and orientation, the appearance of the dorsal margins of the cuticles, the distance between dorsal margins of cuticles in the four Vivverids. In all animals, most regions examined showed hairs with serrate coronal cuticular pattern, transversely oriented cuticles and cuticles with serrated dorsal margins. The shortest distance between dorsal margins of the cuticles appeared to be those in the inguinal region (2.8u) of female Bear cat and longest in the forelimb (20u) of fmale Malayan Civet. In view of this, cuticular pattern and other morphological features of hair medulla type, size and color should complement each other to ensure a more accurate identification
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2015
Thirty domestic short haired cats (Felis catus) and nine tigers (Panthera tigris) of both sexes a... more Thirty domestic short haired cats (Felis catus) and nine tigers (Panthera tigris) of both sexes and various ages, living within the vicinity of a wildlife facility were used in the study. These animals were apparently healthy at the time of the study. Only the tigers were vaccinated against Rabies, Feline Panleukopenia, Calicivirus and Herpesvirus and dewormed with ivermectin. The blood sera of these animals were tested for Chlamydophila felis antibodies using an ELISA test kit. Six of the 39 (15%) animals tested had serologic evidence of exposure to Cp. felis. Three of the 30 (10%) domestic short haired cats and three out of the nine tigers (33%) tested positive. Adults (83%) were found to be more prone to exposure than juveniles (17%). Both male and female have equal predisposition to exposure to Cp. felis. The study shows that adult felids were more prone to the infection than young felids, regardless of sex. Keywords: cat, Chlamydophila felis , ELISA, tiger
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2016
The effect of administration of nanoliposome encapsulated malunggay ( Moringa oleifera ) phenolic... more The effect of administration of nanoliposome encapsulated malunggay ( Moringa oleifera ) phenolic extract in dogs given cholesterol on body fat and hepatic and renal ultrasonograms was investigated in this study. Six adult male dogs were given cholesterol without (T1) or with non-encapsulated (T2) and nanoliposome encapsulated (T3) malunggay ( M. oleifera ) phenolic extract. Data on the back fat thickness, body condition score and hepatic and renal ultrasonograms were collected at weeks 0, 1 and 5. Dogs in T3 showed inconsistent changes in the back fat thickness and body condition score. Moreover, T3 dogs exhibited decrease in both hepatic and renal echo mean values. The initial findings suggest that monitoring of the liver and kidney in cases of dyslipidemia or hyperlipidemia should be considered since ultrasonogram results indicate probable development of liver and kidney problems. Further studies are recommended to verify these results. Keywords: back fat, dog, kidney, liver, mor...
The aesthetic component of skin closure following surgery is important as it will likely be the o... more The aesthetic component of skin closure following surgery is important as it will likely be the only part of the surgery that the owner is likely to see.The pulley knot-free anchor used in conjunction with a continuous intradermal pattern has been used in the in the field of human plastic surgery and has applications in veterinary surgery as well(Campbell,2004).The use of an intradermal pattern and absorbable suture material has an added benefit of not requiring suture re-
Hair has been used in forensic science for species identification, but no study has yet been done... more Hair has been used in forensic science for species identification, but no study has yet been done in greater musky fruit bat (Ptenochirus jagori) and lesser dog-faced fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis). Thus, the current study was conducted to identify sexual dimorphism and interspecies variation. The hair samples were manually plucked from five different body regions of five male and five female adult animals of each species and examined grossly, under light microscopy for the medulla and scanning electron microscopy for the cuticle. Majority of the hairs exhibited simple ovate discontinuous medulla, except for the female of both species’ foreheads having an additional elongate medullary cells mixed in, while the dorsum of the female C. brachyotis had simple flattened discontinuous medulla. Only coronal cuticular pattern was seen with simple or serrate dorsal scales that were oriented transversely or obliquely. The males of both species can be differentiated by the cuticular charact...
Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association, 2018
Interview of dog owners and traditional healers, experience of authors and review of published an... more Interview of dog owners and traditional healers, experience of authors and review of published and unpublished studies were employed to collect data. Preparation of the herbs is usually by boiling the plant part/s in water for 15-20 min, strained and cooled before use (a.k.a. decoction). This is then applied on the skin of the dog through bathing or smudging. Indications for herbal medicine application are wounds, dermatophytosis and parasitic infestations. The herbs used for wound management are the mesophyll of aloe (Aloe barbadensis), roots of comfrey (Symphytum officinale), leaves of the eggplant (Solanum melongena), leaves of guava (Psidium guajava), and dye of atchuete (Bixa orellana). For dermatophytosis, the leaves of the following plants: eggplant, lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), Nicaraguan cacao shade (Gliricidia sepium), kuchai (Allium tuberosum) and asthma weed (Euphorbia hirta) are useful. Parasitic infestation, like ticks and lice, could be combated with lemon grass or leaves of Nicaraguan cacao shade or the infusion of dried tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves. Ear mite infestation could be eliminated with leaves of ringworm wood (Cassia alata). The latter herb could also be used to eliminate demodicosis. While scabies could be eradicated with the use of any of several herbs: leaves of tobacco, Nicaraguan cacao shade, Chinese leek/ chive (Allium tuberosum), vine of makabuhay (Tinospora rumphii) and fruit of papaya (Carica papaya).
In order to determine the changes that occur in the liver and gall bladder in dogs with suspected... more In order to determine the changes that occur in the liver and gall bladder in dogs with suspected hepatobiliary disorders based on clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry, 33 dogs of various breeds, ages and sexes were examined ultrasonographically. The ultrasonogram patterns observed in the liver and gall bladder were characterized and echogenicity of the organs with different patterns were determined using digital analysis. The six ultrasonograms patterns observed in the liver include: HP1-homogenous hypoechoic parenchyma (4 dogs); HP2-anechoic ovoid structures within the hepatic parenchyma with acoustic enhancement (2 dogs); HP3liver lobes defined by the presence of fluid with rounded margin and hyperechoic parenchyma (3 dogs); HP4-homogenous hyperechoic parenchyma (4 dogs); HP5-multiple hyperechoic areas scattered in the parenchyma (9 dogs); and HP6-distinct focal masses in the parenchyma with mixed echogenicity (12 dogs). The six ultrasonogram patterns observed in the gall bladder include: GB1-oval and round shaped with anechoic lumen (3 dogs); GB2-irregularly shaped with anechoic lumen (1 dog); GB3-oval shape with hyperechoic structure casting acoustic shadow (1 dog); GB4-gall bladder with central echogenic bile forming a stellate pattern with anechoic periphery (1 dog); GB5-irregularly shaped with corpuscular echogenicities (4 dogs); and GB6-thickened wall with corpuscular echogenicities (13 dogs). For echo mean values of the hepatic parenchyma, HP2 showed the lowest echo mean value while HP3, HP4, HP5 and HP6 revealed echo mean values which were higher than that of the normal hepatic parenchyma (HP1). For gallbladder, GB1 and GB2 showed the lowest echo mean values, while GB3 showed the highest echo mean value. GB4, GB5 and GB6 showed higher echo mean values than that of the normal gallbladder lumen (GB1). The above results can be used to characterize the lesions in the liver and gall bladder in dogs with suspected hepatobiliary disorders.
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2016
Early diagnosis of canine leptospirosis in the leptospiremic phase is crucial to provide appropri... more Early diagnosis of canine leptospirosis in the leptospiremic phase is crucial to provide appropriate treatment and better prognosis to affected patients,however, this may be challenging due to varying risk factors, non-specific signs and non- predictive hematological values. In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 60 blood samples from canine patients were tested for leptospirosis using polymerase chain reaction assay. Of the 60 samples, 11 samples (18%) tested positive for pathogenic leptospires which is statistically significant based on Z – test (α=0.05). In contrast, statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between positive result upon PCR and several variables (age, sex, breed, type of housing and vaccination history). Majority of the clinical signs observed in dogs which tested positive for pathogenic leptospires were vomiting and diarrhea (7/11) while leukocytopenia (5/11) was the predominant hematologic finding. This study was able to detect leptospiral D...
Lateral thoracic radiographs of dogs presented with coughing were assessed to determine abnormali... more Lateral thoracic radiographs of dogs presented with coughing were assessed to determine abnormalities in selected thoracic structures. Thirty radiographic images were used to describe tracheal diameter and thoracic inlet ratio (TD:TI), pulmonary patterns present, cardiac silhouette abnormalities and vertebral heart size (VHS). Data collected were classified and grouped based on the age of the animal (growing, adult, senior) and the cephalic index. The TD:TI ratio was normal in all radiographs regardless of cephalic index. Majority of pulmonary patterns observed in dogs with cough were mixed patterns consisting of alveolar and bronchial forms. Loss of cranial waist and generalized cardiac enlargement were commonly seen in adult and senior dogs. Also, above normal VHS was observed in these animals, suggesting cardiac enlargement. The various radiographic abnormalities found in coughing dogs suggest that a more thorough clinical examination of patients must be done to rule out primary ...
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2015
The hematologic profile and biochemical values in adult dogs given nanoliposome-encapsulated malu... more The hematologic profile and biochemical values in adult dogs given nanoliposome-encapsulated malunggay ( Moringa oleifera ) phenolic extract were determined in this study. Six adult dogs were divided into three groups: Group A: cholesterol only; Group B: cholesterol with malunggay phenolic extract; and Group C: cholesterol with nanoliposome-encapsulated malunggay phenolic extract, with two dogs per group. Each dog was subjected to a complete blood count at weeks 0, 1 and 5 and serum biochemistry tests at weeks 0 and 5. The results showed that thrombocytopenia and a decrease in the elevated blood urea nitrogen level were observed after administration of the nanoliposome-encapsulated malunggay phenolic extract. It also showed below normal cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels and within normal triglyceride and high density lipoprotein levels after the experiment. These preliminary findings suggest that nanoliposome-encapsulated malunggay phenolic extract may have an effect on...
Two methods of anchoring continuous intradermal suture (buried knot and pulley knot-free patterns... more Two methods of anchoring continuous intradermal suture (buried knot and pulley knot-free patterns) in abdominal skin incisions in cats were compared to determine which method is more cosmetically-acceptable. Nine female cats were subjected to routine ovariectomy with two ventral midline incisions 2 cm apart. The abdominal layer was closed routinely, while the cranial and caudal skin incisions were closed using the continuous intradermal suture pattern anchored alternately with the buried knot or pulley knot-free pattern. The wounds were observed daily and skin biopsy was done at 7, 14 and 21 days post-operation. Aesthetically, the pulley knot-free anchor showed a lesser degree of pus formation and less elevation than buried knot, while the buried knot had less dehiscence than pulley-free anchor. The two methods were found equal in degree of scab formation, hyperemia and scar formation. Microscopically, no differences between the two methods were observed with regards to the presence of hemorrhage, wound gap, inflammation and fibroblastic proliferation. Although there were no significant differences between the two anchor methods, the novel pulley knot-free anchor provides a more adequate wound apposition, especially at the end of the incision than the buried knot.
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2012
Fifty dogs, 1-8 years old, of both sexes and of various breeds presented to the Veterinary Teach... more Fifty dogs, 1-8 years old, of both sexes and of various breeds
presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary
Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños from July 2002 to July
2011, were examined and diagnosed to have canine transmissible venereal
tumor. Confirmation of the diagnosis was made through microscopic
examination of the impression smears of the abnormal masses stained with
Modified Wright Giemsa Stain and observation of individually exfoliating
round cells with moderate nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and prominent
nucleoli and intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The study showed that TVT is most
common in 3-year old intact female dogs that may be pure or mixed breed.
The dogs were usually presented for veterinary attention due to abnormal
growth and/or genital bleeding independent of urination and estrous cycle.
Lesions are most commonly found in the vulvovagina of females and the
penis of males.
The surface morphology of the cuticular scales and the medulla on transverse section of guard hai... more The surface morphology of the cuticular scales and the medulla on transverse section of guard hairs in both sexes of young and adult Philippine brown deer, Cervus marianus Desmarest, 1822 were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Imbricate flattened cuticular pattern was observed in the majority of hairs in young male and female Philippine brown deer. Only those in the head of young male and dorsum of young female exhibited imbricate crenate cuticular pattern. In contrast, with the exception in the dorsum of adult male and female, and forelimb in adult male deer, all hairs in both sexes showed imbricate crenate cuticular pattern. Majority of the hairs in young male and adult deer showed cuticular scales with smooth dorsal margins except that in the head of young male deer. On the other hand, with the exception in the forelimb of adult male deer, the cuticular scales of all hairs had serrated dorsal margins. In both sexes of young and adult deer, the hairs exhibited a mixtu...
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2012
Fifty dogs, 1-8 years old, of both sexes and of various breeds presented to the Veterinary Teachi... more Fifty dogs, 1-8 years old, of both sexes and of various breeds presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Banos from July 2002 to July 2011, were examined and diagnosed to have canine transmissible venereal tumor. Confirmation of the diagnosis was made through microscopic examination of the impression smears of the abnormal masses stained with Modified Wright Giemsa Stain and observation of individually exfoliating round cells with moderate nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and prominent nucleoli and intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The study showed that TVT is most common in 3-year old intact female dogs that may be pure or mixed breed. The dogs were usually presented for veterinary attention due to abnormal growth and/or genital bleeding independent of urination and estrous cycle. Lesions are most commonly found in the vulvovagina of females and the penis of males. Keywords: dog, canine transmissible venereal tumor, clinic...
The gross and microscopic features of guard hairs from the head, dorsum, forelimb, hindlimb and t... more The gross and microscopic features of guard hairs from the head, dorsum, forelimb, hindlimb and tail of the Philippine brown deer and Visayan spotted deer were described through direct visual observation and light microscopy. In both species, the hairs were dark brown in color except those in the hindlimb of male brown deer and forelimb of the male spotted deer which were light brown. The hair appeared longest (12-55mm) in the male brown deer and shortest (5-30mm) in male spotted deer. Except for the curved hair from the forelimb of the female brown deer, head of male brown deer and female spotted deer, hairs examined were wavy. Only wide nodose continuous medllary pattern was observed in the brown deer. In addition to the wide nodose continuous medullary pattern, absent and fragmental medullary patterns were also demonstrated in the spotted deer. The cross sectional shape of the hair from the head, forelimb and tail of male brown deer, head, forelimb and hindlimb of female brown deer, dorsum and tail of the male spotted deer and tail of female spotted deer was oblong. Those from the head and forelimb of the male spotted deer were circular. A concavo-convex cross-sectional shape was also observed from hairs taken from the dorsum and tail of male brown deer. Generally, the cross-sectional shape of the medulla followed that of the hair shaft except those hairs from the dorsum of female brown deer which had an oblong-saped medullay and a biconcave hair shaft.
The medullary and cuticular patterns of guard hair obtained from various body regions of male and... more The medullary and cuticular patterns of guard hair obtained from various body regions of male and female Southeastern Asian house mouse and Asian musk shrew (bubuwit) were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The study showed differences in the medullary and cuticular patterns between the house mouse and muskshrew. The predominant medullary pattern observed in both sexes were wide aeriform lattice in the house mouse and wide truncated continuous in the musk shrew. Wide truncatedcontinuous medullary pattern was noted on guard hairs from the forelimb and compound flattened discontinuous pattern from the hindlimb of female house mouse while wide spiral continuous and narrow nodose continuous patterns were observed in the male and femalemusk shrew. The medullary patterns could be of value in differentiating the two rodent species. The predominant cuticular pattern found in both sexes of the house mouse was imbricate except for the simple coronal on ...
The Visayan leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis rabori) and the Palawan leopard cat (Prionailur... more The Visayan leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis rabori) and the Palawan leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis heaneyi), the two subspecies of leopard cats in the Philippines, are nearly indistinguishable from each other because of their almost identical pelage. However, a close examination of their hair showed some differences which could be of value in differentiating the two subspecies. For example, the cuticular scales were all transversely oriented except those from the dorsum and hindlimb of female Visayan leopard cat where the scales were arranged obliquely. Various forms of imbricate cuticular patterns were demonstrated; serrate coronal cuticular patterns were seen only on hairs from the dorsum and hindlimb of female Visayan leopard cat and dentate coronal from the forehead of male Visayan leopard cat. The distance between cuticular margins and hair shaft diameter were also measured. Generally, the transverse sectional shape of the medulla followed that of the hair. The med...
Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2020
The study compared four-loop and three-loop anchorages of intradermal suture to close abdominal s... more The study compared four-loop and three-loop anchorages of intradermal suture to close abdominal skin incisions. Two 3.81 cm incisions were performed on the mid-ventral abdomen of 12 adult female cats. The incisions were closed using intradermal suture pattern, anchored using three-loop pulley (cranial), and four-loop pulley (caudal), then evaluated in terms of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics for a 21-day duration. Macroscopically, minimal scab formation was observed in the both anchorages at Days 7 and 14. Pus, Grade 3 hyperemia, and wound dehiscence were observed in the four-loop at Day 7. Grade 1 elevation persisted in the three-loop. No scar formations were observed. The three-loop had slightly higher mean tensile strength compared to the four-loop. Microscopic evaluation revealed slight invagination in both anchorages at Day 21. Grade 3 epidermal thickening was noted in both anchorages at Day 7, and in the four-loop at Day 14. Wound gap was observed in the four-loop at Day 7. Macrophage infiltration and fibroblast proliferation were consistent throughout the duration in both anchorages. Statistical analyses reveal that the three-loop and four-loop pulleys have no significant differences, thus, can be used interchangeably. However, in terms of cosmetic appearance, the four-loop pulley
is favored.
The Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2004
The pattern, orientation, dorsal margin, and distance between the dorsal margins of the cuticular... more The pattern, orientation, dorsal margin, and distance between the dorsal margins of the cuticular cells of the hair from different regions of four species of Philippine Vivverids were examined under a scanning electron microscope. The study revealed minor differences on the cuticular pattern and orientation, the appearance of the dorsal margins of the cuticles, the distance between dorsal margins of cuticles in the four Vivverids. In all animals, most regions examined showed hairs with serrate coronal cuticular pattern, transversely oriented cuticles and cuticles with serrated dorsal margins. The shortest distance between dorsal margins of the cuticles appeared to be those in the inguinal region (2.8u) of female Bear cat and longest in the forelimb (20u) of fmale Malayan Civet. In view of this, cuticular pattern and other morphological features of hair medulla type, size and color should complement each other to ensure a more accurate identification
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2015
Thirty domestic short haired cats (Felis catus) and nine tigers (Panthera tigris) of both sexes a... more Thirty domestic short haired cats (Felis catus) and nine tigers (Panthera tigris) of both sexes and various ages, living within the vicinity of a wildlife facility were used in the study. These animals were apparently healthy at the time of the study. Only the tigers were vaccinated against Rabies, Feline Panleukopenia, Calicivirus and Herpesvirus and dewormed with ivermectin. The blood sera of these animals were tested for Chlamydophila felis antibodies using an ELISA test kit. Six of the 39 (15%) animals tested had serologic evidence of exposure to Cp. felis. Three of the 30 (10%) domestic short haired cats and three out of the nine tigers (33%) tested positive. Adults (83%) were found to be more prone to exposure than juveniles (17%). Both male and female have equal predisposition to exposure to Cp. felis. The study shows that adult felids were more prone to the infection than young felids, regardless of sex. Keywords: cat, Chlamydophila felis , ELISA, tiger
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2016
The effect of administration of nanoliposome encapsulated malunggay ( Moringa oleifera ) phenolic... more The effect of administration of nanoliposome encapsulated malunggay ( Moringa oleifera ) phenolic extract in dogs given cholesterol on body fat and hepatic and renal ultrasonograms was investigated in this study. Six adult male dogs were given cholesterol without (T1) or with non-encapsulated (T2) and nanoliposome encapsulated (T3) malunggay ( M. oleifera ) phenolic extract. Data on the back fat thickness, body condition score and hepatic and renal ultrasonograms were collected at weeks 0, 1 and 5. Dogs in T3 showed inconsistent changes in the back fat thickness and body condition score. Moreover, T3 dogs exhibited decrease in both hepatic and renal echo mean values. The initial findings suggest that monitoring of the liver and kidney in cases of dyslipidemia or hyperlipidemia should be considered since ultrasonogram results indicate probable development of liver and kidney problems. Further studies are recommended to verify these results. Keywords: back fat, dog, kidney, liver, mor...
The aesthetic component of skin closure following surgery is important as it will likely be the o... more The aesthetic component of skin closure following surgery is important as it will likely be the only part of the surgery that the owner is likely to see.The pulley knot-free anchor used in conjunction with a continuous intradermal pattern has been used in the in the field of human plastic surgery and has applications in veterinary surgery as well(Campbell,2004).The use of an intradermal pattern and absorbable suture material has an added benefit of not requiring suture re-
Hair has been used in forensic science for species identification, but no study has yet been done... more Hair has been used in forensic science for species identification, but no study has yet been done in greater musky fruit bat (Ptenochirus jagori) and lesser dog-faced fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis). Thus, the current study was conducted to identify sexual dimorphism and interspecies variation. The hair samples were manually plucked from five different body regions of five male and five female adult animals of each species and examined grossly, under light microscopy for the medulla and scanning electron microscopy for the cuticle. Majority of the hairs exhibited simple ovate discontinuous medulla, except for the female of both species’ foreheads having an additional elongate medullary cells mixed in, while the dorsum of the female C. brachyotis had simple flattened discontinuous medulla. Only coronal cuticular pattern was seen with simple or serrate dorsal scales that were oriented transversely or obliquely. The males of both species can be differentiated by the cuticular charact...
Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association, 2018
Interview of dog owners and traditional healers, experience of authors and review of published an... more Interview of dog owners and traditional healers, experience of authors and review of published and unpublished studies were employed to collect data. Preparation of the herbs is usually by boiling the plant part/s in water for 15-20 min, strained and cooled before use (a.k.a. decoction). This is then applied on the skin of the dog through bathing or smudging. Indications for herbal medicine application are wounds, dermatophytosis and parasitic infestations. The herbs used for wound management are the mesophyll of aloe (Aloe barbadensis), roots of comfrey (Symphytum officinale), leaves of the eggplant (Solanum melongena), leaves of guava (Psidium guajava), and dye of atchuete (Bixa orellana). For dermatophytosis, the leaves of the following plants: eggplant, lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), Nicaraguan cacao shade (Gliricidia sepium), kuchai (Allium tuberosum) and asthma weed (Euphorbia hirta) are useful. Parasitic infestation, like ticks and lice, could be combated with lemon grass or leaves of Nicaraguan cacao shade or the infusion of dried tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves. Ear mite infestation could be eliminated with leaves of ringworm wood (Cassia alata). The latter herb could also be used to eliminate demodicosis. While scabies could be eradicated with the use of any of several herbs: leaves of tobacco, Nicaraguan cacao shade, Chinese leek/ chive (Allium tuberosum), vine of makabuhay (Tinospora rumphii) and fruit of papaya (Carica papaya).
In order to determine the changes that occur in the liver and gall bladder in dogs with suspected... more In order to determine the changes that occur in the liver and gall bladder in dogs with suspected hepatobiliary disorders based on clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry, 33 dogs of various breeds, ages and sexes were examined ultrasonographically. The ultrasonogram patterns observed in the liver and gall bladder were characterized and echogenicity of the organs with different patterns were determined using digital analysis. The six ultrasonograms patterns observed in the liver include: HP1-homogenous hypoechoic parenchyma (4 dogs); HP2-anechoic ovoid structures within the hepatic parenchyma with acoustic enhancement (2 dogs); HP3liver lobes defined by the presence of fluid with rounded margin and hyperechoic parenchyma (3 dogs); HP4-homogenous hyperechoic parenchyma (4 dogs); HP5-multiple hyperechoic areas scattered in the parenchyma (9 dogs); and HP6-distinct focal masses in the parenchyma with mixed echogenicity (12 dogs). The six ultrasonogram patterns observed in the gall bladder include: GB1-oval and round shaped with anechoic lumen (3 dogs); GB2-irregularly shaped with anechoic lumen (1 dog); GB3-oval shape with hyperechoic structure casting acoustic shadow (1 dog); GB4-gall bladder with central echogenic bile forming a stellate pattern with anechoic periphery (1 dog); GB5-irregularly shaped with corpuscular echogenicities (4 dogs); and GB6-thickened wall with corpuscular echogenicities (13 dogs). For echo mean values of the hepatic parenchyma, HP2 showed the lowest echo mean value while HP3, HP4, HP5 and HP6 revealed echo mean values which were higher than that of the normal hepatic parenchyma (HP1). For gallbladder, GB1 and GB2 showed the lowest echo mean values, while GB3 showed the highest echo mean value. GB4, GB5 and GB6 showed higher echo mean values than that of the normal gallbladder lumen (GB1). The above results can be used to characterize the lesions in the liver and gall bladder in dogs with suspected hepatobiliary disorders.
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2016
Early diagnosis of canine leptospirosis in the leptospiremic phase is crucial to provide appropri... more Early diagnosis of canine leptospirosis in the leptospiremic phase is crucial to provide appropriate treatment and better prognosis to affected patients,however, this may be challenging due to varying risk factors, non-specific signs and non- predictive hematological values. In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 60 blood samples from canine patients were tested for leptospirosis using polymerase chain reaction assay. Of the 60 samples, 11 samples (18%) tested positive for pathogenic leptospires which is statistically significant based on Z – test (α=0.05). In contrast, statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between positive result upon PCR and several variables (age, sex, breed, type of housing and vaccination history). Majority of the clinical signs observed in dogs which tested positive for pathogenic leptospires were vomiting and diarrhea (7/11) while leukocytopenia (5/11) was the predominant hematologic finding. This study was able to detect leptospiral D...
Lateral thoracic radiographs of dogs presented with coughing were assessed to determine abnormali... more Lateral thoracic radiographs of dogs presented with coughing were assessed to determine abnormalities in selected thoracic structures. Thirty radiographic images were used to describe tracheal diameter and thoracic inlet ratio (TD:TI), pulmonary patterns present, cardiac silhouette abnormalities and vertebral heart size (VHS). Data collected were classified and grouped based on the age of the animal (growing, adult, senior) and the cephalic index. The TD:TI ratio was normal in all radiographs regardless of cephalic index. Majority of pulmonary patterns observed in dogs with cough were mixed patterns consisting of alveolar and bronchial forms. Loss of cranial waist and generalized cardiac enlargement were commonly seen in adult and senior dogs. Also, above normal VHS was observed in these animals, suggesting cardiac enlargement. The various radiographic abnormalities found in coughing dogs suggest that a more thorough clinical examination of patients must be done to rule out primary ...
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2015
The hematologic profile and biochemical values in adult dogs given nanoliposome-encapsulated malu... more The hematologic profile and biochemical values in adult dogs given nanoliposome-encapsulated malunggay ( Moringa oleifera ) phenolic extract were determined in this study. Six adult dogs were divided into three groups: Group A: cholesterol only; Group B: cholesterol with malunggay phenolic extract; and Group C: cholesterol with nanoliposome-encapsulated malunggay phenolic extract, with two dogs per group. Each dog was subjected to a complete blood count at weeks 0, 1 and 5 and serum biochemistry tests at weeks 0 and 5. The results showed that thrombocytopenia and a decrease in the elevated blood urea nitrogen level were observed after administration of the nanoliposome-encapsulated malunggay phenolic extract. It also showed below normal cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels and within normal triglyceride and high density lipoprotein levels after the experiment. These preliminary findings suggest that nanoliposome-encapsulated malunggay phenolic extract may have an effect on...
Two methods of anchoring continuous intradermal suture (buried knot and pulley knot-free patterns... more Two methods of anchoring continuous intradermal suture (buried knot and pulley knot-free patterns) in abdominal skin incisions in cats were compared to determine which method is more cosmetically-acceptable. Nine female cats were subjected to routine ovariectomy with two ventral midline incisions 2 cm apart. The abdominal layer was closed routinely, while the cranial and caudal skin incisions were closed using the continuous intradermal suture pattern anchored alternately with the buried knot or pulley knot-free pattern. The wounds were observed daily and skin biopsy was done at 7, 14 and 21 days post-operation. Aesthetically, the pulley knot-free anchor showed a lesser degree of pus formation and less elevation than buried knot, while the buried knot had less dehiscence than pulley-free anchor. The two methods were found equal in degree of scab formation, hyperemia and scar formation. Microscopically, no differences between the two methods were observed with regards to the presence of hemorrhage, wound gap, inflammation and fibroblastic proliferation. Although there were no significant differences between the two anchor methods, the novel pulley knot-free anchor provides a more adequate wound apposition, especially at the end of the incision than the buried knot.
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2012
Fifty dogs, 1-8 years old, of both sexes and of various breeds presented to the Veterinary Teach... more Fifty dogs, 1-8 years old, of both sexes and of various breeds
presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary
Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños from July 2002 to July
2011, were examined and diagnosed to have canine transmissible venereal
tumor. Confirmation of the diagnosis was made through microscopic
examination of the impression smears of the abnormal masses stained with
Modified Wright Giemsa Stain and observation of individually exfoliating
round cells with moderate nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and prominent
nucleoli and intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The study showed that TVT is most
common in 3-year old intact female dogs that may be pure or mixed breed.
The dogs were usually presented for veterinary attention due to abnormal
growth and/or genital bleeding independent of urination and estrous cycle.
Lesions are most commonly found in the vulvovagina of females and the
penis of males.
The surface morphology of the cuticular scales and the medulla on transverse section of guard hai... more The surface morphology of the cuticular scales and the medulla on transverse section of guard hairs in both sexes of young and adult Philippine brown deer, Cervus marianus Desmarest, 1822 were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Imbricate flattened cuticular pattern was observed in the majority of hairs in young male and female Philippine brown deer. Only those in the head of young male and dorsum of young female exhibited imbricate crenate cuticular pattern. In contrast, with the exception in the dorsum of adult male and female, and forelimb in adult male deer, all hairs in both sexes showed imbricate crenate cuticular pattern. Majority of the hairs in young male and adult deer showed cuticular scales with smooth dorsal margins except that in the head of young male deer. On the other hand, with the exception in the forelimb of adult male deer, the cuticular scales of all hairs had serrated dorsal margins. In both sexes of young and adult deer, the hairs exhibited a mixtu...
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2012
Fifty dogs, 1-8 years old, of both sexes and of various breeds presented to the Veterinary Teachi... more Fifty dogs, 1-8 years old, of both sexes and of various breeds presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Banos from July 2002 to July 2011, were examined and diagnosed to have canine transmissible venereal tumor. Confirmation of the diagnosis was made through microscopic examination of the impression smears of the abnormal masses stained with Modified Wright Giemsa Stain and observation of individually exfoliating round cells with moderate nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and prominent nucleoli and intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The study showed that TVT is most common in 3-year old intact female dogs that may be pure or mixed breed. The dogs were usually presented for veterinary attention due to abnormal growth and/or genital bleeding independent of urination and estrous cycle. Lesions are most commonly found in the vulvovagina of females and the penis of males. Keywords: dog, canine transmissible venereal tumor, clinic...
The gross and microscopic features of guard hairs from the head, dorsum, forelimb, hindlimb and t... more The gross and microscopic features of guard hairs from the head, dorsum, forelimb, hindlimb and tail of the Philippine brown deer and Visayan spotted deer were described through direct visual observation and light microscopy. In both species, the hairs were dark brown in color except those in the hindlimb of male brown deer and forelimb of the male spotted deer which were light brown. The hair appeared longest (12-55mm) in the male brown deer and shortest (5-30mm) in male spotted deer. Except for the curved hair from the forelimb of the female brown deer, head of male brown deer and female spotted deer, hairs examined were wavy. Only wide nodose continuous medllary pattern was observed in the brown deer. In addition to the wide nodose continuous medullary pattern, absent and fragmental medullary patterns were also demonstrated in the spotted deer. The cross sectional shape of the hair from the head, forelimb and tail of male brown deer, head, forelimb and hindlimb of female brown deer, dorsum and tail of the male spotted deer and tail of female spotted deer was oblong. Those from the head and forelimb of the male spotted deer were circular. A concavo-convex cross-sectional shape was also observed from hairs taken from the dorsum and tail of male brown deer. Generally, the cross-sectional shape of the medulla followed that of the hair shaft except those hairs from the dorsum of female brown deer which had an oblong-saped medullay and a biconcave hair shaft.
The medullary and cuticular patterns of guard hair obtained from various body regions of male and... more The medullary and cuticular patterns of guard hair obtained from various body regions of male and female Southeastern Asian house mouse and Asian musk shrew (bubuwit) were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The study showed differences in the medullary and cuticular patterns between the house mouse and muskshrew. The predominant medullary pattern observed in both sexes were wide aeriform lattice in the house mouse and wide truncated continuous in the musk shrew. Wide truncatedcontinuous medullary pattern was noted on guard hairs from the forelimb and compound flattened discontinuous pattern from the hindlimb of female house mouse while wide spiral continuous and narrow nodose continuous patterns were observed in the male and femalemusk shrew. The medullary patterns could be of value in differentiating the two rodent species. The predominant cuticular pattern found in both sexes of the house mouse was imbricate except for the simple coronal on ...
The Visayan leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis rabori) and the Palawan leopard cat (Prionailur... more The Visayan leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis rabori) and the Palawan leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis heaneyi), the two subspecies of leopard cats in the Philippines, are nearly indistinguishable from each other because of their almost identical pelage. However, a close examination of their hair showed some differences which could be of value in differentiating the two subspecies. For example, the cuticular scales were all transversely oriented except those from the dorsum and hindlimb of female Visayan leopard cat where the scales were arranged obliquely. Various forms of imbricate cuticular patterns were demonstrated; serrate coronal cuticular patterns were seen only on hairs from the dorsum and hindlimb of female Visayan leopard cat and dentate coronal from the forehead of male Visayan leopard cat. The distance between cuticular margins and hair shaft diameter were also measured. Generally, the transverse sectional shape of the medulla followed that of the hair. The med...
Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2020
The study compared four-loop and three-loop anchorages of intradermal suture to close abdominal s... more The study compared four-loop and three-loop anchorages of intradermal suture to close abdominal skin incisions. Two 3.81 cm incisions were performed on the mid-ventral abdomen of 12 adult female cats. The incisions were closed using intradermal suture pattern, anchored using three-loop pulley (cranial), and four-loop pulley (caudal), then evaluated in terms of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics for a 21-day duration. Macroscopically, minimal scab formation was observed in the both anchorages at Days 7 and 14. Pus, Grade 3 hyperemia, and wound dehiscence were observed in the four-loop at Day 7. Grade 1 elevation persisted in the three-loop. No scar formations were observed. The three-loop had slightly higher mean tensile strength compared to the four-loop. Microscopic evaluation revealed slight invagination in both anchorages at Day 21. Grade 3 epidermal thickening was noted in both anchorages at Day 7, and in the four-loop at Day 14. Wound gap was observed in the four-loop at Day 7. Macrophage infiltration and fibroblast proliferation were consistent throughout the duration in both anchorages. Statistical analyses reveal that the three-loop and four-loop pulleys have no significant differences, thus, can be used interchangeably. However, in terms of cosmetic appearance, the four-loop pulley
is favored.