Rashid Hassan | University of Pretoria (original) (raw)

Papers by Rashid Hassan

Environmental Accounting in Action

Headquartered in Mexico, CIMMYT works with agricultural research institutions worldwide to improv... more Headquartered in Mexico, CIMMYT works with agricultural research institutions worldwide to improve the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of maize and wheat systems for poor farmers in developing countries. It is one of 16 food and environmental organizations known as the Future Harvest Centers. Located around the world, the Future Harvest Centers conduct research in partnership with farmers, scientists, and policymakers to help alleviate poverty and increase food security while protecting natural resources. The centers are supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) (www.cgiar.org), whose members includes nearly 60 countries, private foundations, and regional and international organizations. Financial support for CIMMYT’s research agenda also comes from many other sources, including foundations, development banks, and public and private agencies. Future Harvest ® builds awareness and support for food and environmental research for...

The World Bank Economic Review, 2005

The primacy of institutions reconsidered: direct income effects of malaria prevalence by Kai Cars... more The primacy of institutions reconsidered: direct income effects of malaria prevalence by Kai Carstensen, and Erich Gundlacb; when is external debt sustainable? By Aart Kraay, and Vikram Nehru; will African agriculture survive climate change? By Pradeep Kurukulasuriya, Robert Mendelsohn, Rashid Hassan, James Benbin, Temesgen Deressa, Mbaye Diop, Helmy Mobamed Eid, K. Yerfi Fosu, Glwadys Gbetibouo, Suman Jain, Ali Mabamadou, Rennetb Mano, Jane Kabubo-Mariara, Samia El-Marsafawy, Ernest Molua, Samiha Ouda, Matbieu Ouedraogo, Isidor Sine, David Maddison, S. Niggol Seo, and Ariel Dinar; micro enterprise dynamics in developing countries: how similar are they to those in the industrialized world? Evidence from Mexico by Pablo Fajnzylber, William Maloney, and Gabriel Montes Rojas; the glass of milk subsidy program and malnutrition in Peru by David Stifel and Harold Alderman; how endowments, accumulations, and choice determine the geography of agricultural productivity in Ecuador by Donald F...

CIMMYT is an internationally funded, nonprofit scientific research and training organization. Hea... more CIMMYT is an internationally funded, nonprofit scientific research and training organization. Headquartered in Mexico, the Center is engaged in a research program for maize, wheat, and triticale, with emphasis on improving the productivity of agricultural resources in developing countries. It is one of 17 nonprofit international agricultural research and training centers supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), which is sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The CGIAR consists of some 40 donor countries, international and regional organizations, and private foundations. CIMMYT receives core support through the CGIAR from a number of sources, including the international aid agencies of Australia,

Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1990

ABSTRACT

IAAE Occasional Paper, 1989

Go to AGRIS search. IAAE Occasional Paper (1989). Normative supply response analysis under produc... more Go to AGRIS search. IAAE Occasional Paper (1989). Normative supply response analysis under production uncertainty: irrigated multicrop farming sector of Sudan. ...

Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 1989

Random production processes have important implications for allocative efficiency under risk aver... more Random production processes have important implications for allocative efficiency under risk aversion. The functional relationships between factor inputs and the first two moments of the distribution of crop yields in the Rahad scheme in Sudan are measured. Flexible functional specifications of the multi-product technology of the Rahad tenants are used to allow for risk-increasing as well as risk-decreasing effects of production inputs. Estimation procedures that correct for heteroscedasticity of the error structure, endogeneity of factor inputs and jointness in production are employed to estimate the parameters of the model. Standard errors of coefficients are reduced when heteroscedasticity is taken into account. The data reject misspecification due to endogeneity of factor inputs. The way hired labor is paid is found to determine its risk effect. Separability tests reject the aggregation of family and hired labor, whereas weeding and harvesting labor services are shown to be homogeneous. The observed structures have implications for employment patterns and relative wages if institutional policies should change to allow area allocations to respond to changing economic incentives. Les proctdCs de production alCatoire ont un effet important sur I'allocation optimale des ressources en situation d'aversion pour le risque. On mesure, dans la prksente Ctude, les rapports fonctionnels qui existent entre les facteurs de production et les deux premiers moments de la distribution des rendements des recoltes pour le projet Rahad, au Soudan. Les caractkristiques fonctionnelles souples de la technologie i production multiple des fermiers de Rahad permettent de tenier compte ? i la fois des effets de I'augmentation des risques et de la diminution des risques dus aux facteurs de production. Des rnCthodes d'estimation qui permettent de comger les effets de I'hCtCroscCdasticitt des tennes d'ecart, de I'endogCnCitC des facteurs de produciton et du caractbre communautaire de la production servent BdCterminer les parambtres du modble. Les erreurs-type des coefficients sont reduites lorsque I'on tient compte de I'hetCrosctdasticitC. Les donnCes portent i rejetter le dkfaut de sensibiliti dO a I'endogCnCite des facteurs de production. On constate par ailleurs que la mkthode de r6munCration de la main-d'oeuvre salariCe est dkterminante en ce qui conceme les effets de risque. Les tests de stparabilite portent rejeter I'hypothbe de I'homogCnCitk des familles et de la main-d'oeuvre salariCe mais confirment cette homogCnCit6 dans le cas

... Transfer: A Case Study from Limpopo Province, South Africa ♥ Gert Jan Veldwisch ♦ Abstract Th... more ... Transfer: A Case Study from Limpopo Province, South Africa ♥ Gert Jan Veldwisch ♦ Abstract Thabina Irrigation Scheme was one of the pilot schemes within the Revitalisation Programme of Smallholder Irrigation Schemes in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. ...

Highly subsidized bread prices financed partially through wheat aid and overvalued currency have ... more Highly subsidized bread prices financed partially through wheat aid and overvalued currency have stimulated rapid growth in wheat consumption in Sudan at the expense of other staple grains such as sorghum and millet. Inefficient production methods and the resultant low wheat yields have caused domestic supply to lag behind demand. Faced by serious foreign exchange shortages, severe internal and external imbalances, and reduced availability of food aid, Sudan could not sustain dependence on external sources to bridge the growing wheat gap. Given the political difficulties associated with managing demand, the government has chosen to promote local production. Research results showing high potential gains in wheat yield under improved crop management also contributed to the choice of the supply strategy. A dynamic multi-market model was developed and used to evaluate alternative supplypromoting and demand-control strategies. Competition with alternative productive uses of the country&#...

In response to the sharp rise in domestic grain prices of 2008, the Ethiopian government introduc... more In response to the sharp rise in domestic grain prices of 2008, the Ethiopian government introduced a wide range of policy instruments to tame the soaring domestic food prices. It is generally argued that before embarking on any intervention in domestic grain market, better understanding of price formation and possible scenarios of the dynamic grain market environment is crucial for policymakers to make informed decisions. This study aimed at examining the price formation and dynamics in the Ethiopian maize market. Furthermore, this article empirically investigate spatial maize market linkages and test maize price leadership role in order to understand as to whether or not there is a central maize market that dictate and lead price information flow over regional maize markets in Ethiopia.

Humans have changed ecosystems more rapidly and extensively in the last 50 years than in any comp... more Humans have changed ecosystems more rapidly and extensively in the last 50 years than in any comparable period of human history. We have done this to meet the growing demands for food, fresh water, timber, fiber, and fuel. While changes to ecosystems have enhanced the well-being of billions of people, they have also caused a substantial and largely irreversible loss in diversity of life on Earth, and have strained the capacity of ecosystems to continue providing critical services. Among the findings are: approximately 60 per cent of the services that support life on Earth are being degraded or used unsustainably, and the harmful consequences of this degradation could grow significantly worse in the next 50 years; only four ecosystem services have been enhanced in the last 50 years - crops, livestock, aquaculture, and the sequestration of carbon; the capacity of ecosystems to neutralize pollutants, protect us from natural disasters, and control the outbreaks of pests and diseases is ...

Results of analyses of data collected from surveys of providers and potential users of microcredi... more Results of analyses of data collected from surveys of providers and potential users of microcredit among micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Khartoum State, did not support the belief that there is a large gap between demand for and supply of microcredit in the state. This result points to the need to focus on and critically examine factors behind low participation rates among various borrower groups.The study also found that cost-toclient represents a very small fraction of amounts of loans applied for and interest rates charged, implying that it is not a major cost item for potential users of microcredit. Repayment rates were found to be high with no significant differences between various groups of borrowers which mean that the risk of default appears to be low. Aprobit regression analysis of determinants of ability to repay indicated that male-owned MSEs are more likely to repay loans than female owners. This suggests the need to provide the necessary complementary support for...

Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, Aug 1, 2011

This study employed the Ricardian approach to test the relative importance of climate normals (av... more This study employed the Ricardian approach to test the relative importance of climate normals (average long-term temperature and precipitation) in explaining net revenue from Nigerian rice agriculture under irrigation and dry land conditions. A survey was done by interviewing 1200 rice farmers from 20 rice producing states in Nigeria. The states covered all the six geopolitical zones in the country. The results showed that increase in temperature will reduce net revenue for dry land rice farms while net revenue rises with increase in temperature for irrigated rice farms. Precipitation had similar effects on rice net revenue. Increase in precipitation will cause reduction in revenue for dry land rice farms whereas it will cause increase in revenue for irrigated farms. The results clearly demonstrate irrigation as a significant techniques used by the farmers to adapt to the climate change. Other adaptation options include Keeping of livestock, engaging in off farm works and the use of different market channels.

The Economics of Water Management in Southern Africa

This book presents a valuable new tool for water management – water resource accounting – which s... more This book presents a valuable new tool for water management – water resource accounting – which significantly advances the economic analysis of water. Water resource accounts integrate detailed information about water supply and use with national income accounts to show the economic use of water, costs and tariffs paid, and the economic value of water for different economic uses.

Water governance for sustainable development, Nov 1, 2006

Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 2014

The study examines farmer adaptation strategies to climate change in Southern Africa based on a c... more The study examines farmer adaptation strategies to climate change in Southern Africa based on a cross-section database of three countries (South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe). A multivariate discrete choice model was used to analyse the determinants of farm-level adaptation strategies. Results confirm that access to credit, free extension services, awareness of climate change are critical determinants of farm-level adaptation options. Policies aimed at easing identified key limits to farmers' capacity to adapt to climate change need to emphasize the critical role of: extension services; provision of improved climate, production and market information as well as the means to implement adaptation through affordable credit and insurance against climate risks (safety nets).

Global Environmental Change, 2009

This study identifies the major methods used by farmers to adapt to climate change in the Nile Ba... more This study identifies the major methods used by farmers to adapt to climate change in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia, the factors that affect their choice of method, and the barriers to adaptation. The methods identified include use of different crop varieties, tree planting, soil conservation, early and late planting, and irrigation. Results from the discrete choice model employed indicate that the level of education, gender, age, and wealth of the head of household; access to extension and credit; information on climate, social capital, agroecological settings, and temperature all influence farmers' choices. The main barriers include lack of information on adaptation methods and financial constraints.