Armando Valdés Velásquez | Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (original) (raw)

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Papers by Armando Valdés Velásquez

Research paper thumbnail of Reflections on the impact and response to the Peruvian 2017 Coastal El Niño event: Looking to the past to prepare for the future

PLOS ONE

Climate-related phenomena in Peru have been slowly but continuously changing in recent years beyo... more Climate-related phenomena in Peru have been slowly but continuously changing in recent years beyond historical variability. These include sea surface temperature increases, irregular precipitation patterns and reduction of glacier-covered areas. In addition, climate scenarios show amplification in rainfall variability related to the warmer conditions associated with El Niño events. Extreme weather can affect human health, increase shocks and stresses to the health systems, and cause large economic losses. In this article, we study the characteristics of El Niño events in Peru, its health and economic impacts and we discuss government preparedness for this kind of event, identify gaps in response, and provide evidence to inform adequate planning for future events and mitigating impacts on highly vulnerable regions and populations. This is the first case study to review the impact of a Coastal El Niño event on Peru’s economy, public health, and governance. The 2017 event was the third...

Research paper thumbnail of Waterscapes meet socio‐ecological models: A relational framework to examine water insecurity and human health and well‐being

People and nature, Apr 3, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of The 2022 South America report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: trust the science. Now that we know, we must act

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas

Research paper thumbnail of Adoption of sustainable low-impact fishing practices is not enough to secure sustainable livelihoods and social wellbeing in small-scale fishing communities

Research paper thumbnail of El cambio climático en los Andes y la Amazonía : preguntas frecuentes

Que es el cambio climatico, como se produce, como nos afecta. Que es el conocimiento tradicional ... more Que es el cambio climatico, como se produce, como nos afecta. Que es el conocimiento tradicional y por que es importante. Que son los ecosistemas andino y amazonico y por que son importantes. Que respuestas tenemos para enfrentar al cambio climatico. Este documento ofrece de manera sencilla y breve las respuestas a estas y otras preguntas que constituyen conceptos claves del proyecto El clima cambia, cambia tu tambien, implementado por la Oficina Regional para America del Sur de la UICN y la Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Ambiental, gracias al apoyo de AECID.

Research paper thumbnail of Summary of selected publications

<p>Summary of selected publications.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Summary statistics of Humboldt penguins based on the 13 microsatellites: Sample size (n), mean number of alleles (N<sub>a</sub>), Shannon Index (I), expected (H<sub>e</sub>) and observed (H<sub>o</sub>) heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient (<i>F</i><sub><i>IS</i></sub>), and mitochondrial DNA c...

<p>In bold, values that were significant for <i>Fs</i> (p < 0.02) and <i&... more <p>In bold, values that were significant for <i>Fs</i> (p < 0.02) and <i>D</i> (p < 0.05). Population reference: CHI (Chiloé), PUP (Pupuya), ALG (Algarrobo), CAC (Cachagua), TIL (Tilgo), PAJ (Pajaros), CHO (Choros), CHA (Chañaral), GRA (Isla Grande), AZU (Pan de Azucar), PSJ (Punta San Juan).</p

Research paper thumbnail of Flowchart

<p>Flowchart of study selection process.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Factors relating to land use change

<p>Conceptualization process for determining LUC and health topics.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Data collection sources/instruments used in selected papers

<p>Data collection sources/instruments used in selected papers.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Haplotype network for the D-loop region and RAG1 from Humboldt penguin sequences

<p>Node size corresponds to haplotype frequency.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Map of South America showing sampling locations of the Humboldt penguin: CHI (Chiloé), PUP (Pupuya), ALG (Algarrobo), CAC (Cachagua), TIL (Tilgo), PAJ (Pajaros), CHO (Choros), CHA (Chañaral), GRA (Isla Grande), AZU (Pan de Azucar), and PSJ (Punta San Juan)

Map of South America showing sampling locations of the Humboldt penguin: CHI (Chiloé), PUP (Pupuya), ALG (Algarrobo), CAC (Cachagua), TIL (Tilgo), PAJ (Pajaros), CHO (Choros), CHA (Chañaral), GRA (Isla Grande), AZU (Pan de Azucar), and PSJ (Punta San Juan)

<p>Map of South America showing sampling locations of the Humboldt penguin: CHI (Chiloé), P... more <p>Map of South America showing sampling locations of the Humboldt penguin: CHI (Chiloé), PUP (Pupuya), ALG (Algarrobo), CAC (Cachagua), TIL (Tilgo), PAJ (Pajaros), CHO (Choros), CHA (Chañaral), GRA (Isla Grande), AZU (Pan de Azucar), and PSJ (Punta San Juan).</p

Research paper thumbnail of Bayesian STRUCTURE of the Humboldt penguin, delta K = 3, using admixture model

<p>1- Punta San Juan; 2- Isla Pan de Azucar; 3- Isla Grande de Atacama; 4- Chañaral; 5- Cho... more <p>1- Punta San Juan; 2- Isla Pan de Azucar; 3- Isla Grande de Atacama; 4- Chañaral; 5- Choros; 6- Pájaros; 7- Tilgo; 8- Cachagua; 9- Algarrobo; 10- Pupuya; 11- Chiloé.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Keywords (with synonyms) and syntax used for literature search

<p>Keywords (with synonyms) and syntax used for literature search.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Inference of theta (θ) of each population and historical migrate number of among Humboldt penguin population, estimated by maximum likelihood based on allele frequencies on MIGRATE software, where rows represent immigrants and columns represent emigrants

<p>Population reference: CHI (Chiloé), PUP (Pupuya), ALG (Algarrobo), CAC (Cachagua), TIL (... more <p>Population reference: CHI (Chiloé), PUP (Pupuya), ALG (Algarrobo), CAC (Cachagua), TIL (Tilgo), PAJ (Pajaros), CHO (Choros), CHA (Chañaral), GRA (Isla Grande), AZU (Pan de Azucar), and PSJ (Punta San Juan).</p

Research paper thumbnail of Basic details of included publications

<p>Basic details of included publications.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Pairwise R<sub>ST</sub> based on 10 microsatellites (a), pairwise ϕ<sub>ST</sub> based on RAG1 (b) of the Humboldt penguin (* p value < 0.05)

<p>Pairwise R<sub>ST</sub> based on 10 microsatellites (a), pairwise ϕ<sub&g... more <p>Pairwise R<sub>ST</sub> based on 10 microsatellites (a), pairwise ϕ<sub>ST</sub> based on RAG1 (b) of the Humboldt penguin (* p value < 0.05).</p

Research paper thumbnail of Have we achieved a sustainable balance? Evaluating the effects of regulated guano extraction on an important penguin breeding colony (2008–2019)

Global Ecology and Conservation

Research paper thumbnail of The “Double Burden of Malnutrition” in the Amazon: dietary change and drastic increases in obesity and anemia over 40 years among the Awajún

Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 2021

ABSTRACT Undernutrition and overnutrition are interconnected. Yet few studies have examined the “... more ABSTRACT Undernutrition and overnutrition are interconnected. Yet few studies have examined the “double burden of malnutrition” (DBM) over time in indigenous communities. We investigated changes in the food systems and nutritional health of Awajún communities in the Peruvian Amazon in the 1970s and in 2013. Methods included ethnography, 24 hr food recalls, and biological measures. In 2013, the number of traditional foods consumed decreased to 10% of levels in the 1970s and the number of market foods consumed increased 40-fold. Rates of anemia and obesity were also substantially higher in 2013 compared to the 1970s (23% vs 6% for anemia and 30% vs. 0% for obesity) indicating a DBM has emerged. Examining the predictors of hemoglobin levels and body mass indices in the 2013 sample reveals that this DBM is differentially impacting women and that risk for obesity among the Awajún is associated with multiple proxies of market integration beyond just the consumption of market foods. These findings highlight the complex pathways by which rapid lifestyle changes are creating gendered health inequalities within indigenous communities over time.

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring the building blocks of social capital in the Sechura Bay (Peru): Insights from Peruvian scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) aquaculture

Ocean & Coastal Management, 2018

Social capital has been a key factor for co-management initiatives' success in small-scale fisher... more Social capital has been a key factor for co-management initiatives' success in small-scale fisheries. Nonetheless, this is a complex concept, which can be operationalized in different ways and has no specific standardized measures. This research explores Peruvian scallop aquaculture in the Sechura Bay of Peru as a case study, focusing on the development of social capital among fishers, enterprises and authorities. We evaluated social capital through three of its conceptual building components: (i) trust, (ii) collaboration and reciprocity, and (iii) common norms and sanctions. Specific indicators for each component were developed for analytical purposes. We conducted 66 surveys and 12 interviews with fishers and other key stakeholders. Based on our results, there is weak social capital among aquaculture fishers, enterprises and authorities in the Sechura Bay. This is evident through the low levels of trust and collaboration, as well as the lack of respect for common norms. Weak social capital may explain the two critical problems the system is currently facing for achieving sustainability: reduced availability of seeds and unfair agreements between enterprises and fishermen associations. Strengthening social ties and collaboration can increase aquaculture's resilience at Sechura Bay.

Research paper thumbnail of Reflections on the impact and response to the Peruvian 2017 Coastal El Niño event: Looking to the past to prepare for the future

PLOS ONE

Climate-related phenomena in Peru have been slowly but continuously changing in recent years beyo... more Climate-related phenomena in Peru have been slowly but continuously changing in recent years beyond historical variability. These include sea surface temperature increases, irregular precipitation patterns and reduction of glacier-covered areas. In addition, climate scenarios show amplification in rainfall variability related to the warmer conditions associated with El Niño events. Extreme weather can affect human health, increase shocks and stresses to the health systems, and cause large economic losses. In this article, we study the characteristics of El Niño events in Peru, its health and economic impacts and we discuss government preparedness for this kind of event, identify gaps in response, and provide evidence to inform adequate planning for future events and mitigating impacts on highly vulnerable regions and populations. This is the first case study to review the impact of a Coastal El Niño event on Peru’s economy, public health, and governance. The 2017 event was the third...

Research paper thumbnail of Waterscapes meet socio‐ecological models: A relational framework to examine water insecurity and human health and well‐being

People and nature, Apr 3, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of The 2022 South America report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: trust the science. Now that we know, we must act

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas

Research paper thumbnail of Adoption of sustainable low-impact fishing practices is not enough to secure sustainable livelihoods and social wellbeing in small-scale fishing communities

Research paper thumbnail of El cambio climático en los Andes y la Amazonía : preguntas frecuentes

Que es el cambio climatico, como se produce, como nos afecta. Que es el conocimiento tradicional ... more Que es el cambio climatico, como se produce, como nos afecta. Que es el conocimiento tradicional y por que es importante. Que son los ecosistemas andino y amazonico y por que son importantes. Que respuestas tenemos para enfrentar al cambio climatico. Este documento ofrece de manera sencilla y breve las respuestas a estas y otras preguntas que constituyen conceptos claves del proyecto El clima cambia, cambia tu tambien, implementado por la Oficina Regional para America del Sur de la UICN y la Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Ambiental, gracias al apoyo de AECID.

Research paper thumbnail of Summary of selected publications

<p>Summary of selected publications.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Summary statistics of Humboldt penguins based on the 13 microsatellites: Sample size (n), mean number of alleles (N<sub>a</sub>), Shannon Index (I), expected (H<sub>e</sub>) and observed (H<sub>o</sub>) heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient (<i>F</i><sub><i>IS</i></sub>), and mitochondrial DNA c...

<p>In bold, values that were significant for <i>Fs</i> (p < 0.02) and <i&... more <p>In bold, values that were significant for <i>Fs</i> (p < 0.02) and <i>D</i> (p < 0.05). Population reference: CHI (Chiloé), PUP (Pupuya), ALG (Algarrobo), CAC (Cachagua), TIL (Tilgo), PAJ (Pajaros), CHO (Choros), CHA (Chañaral), GRA (Isla Grande), AZU (Pan de Azucar), PSJ (Punta San Juan).</p

Research paper thumbnail of Flowchart

<p>Flowchart of study selection process.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Factors relating to land use change

<p>Conceptualization process for determining LUC and health topics.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Data collection sources/instruments used in selected papers

<p>Data collection sources/instruments used in selected papers.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Haplotype network for the D-loop region and RAG1 from Humboldt penguin sequences

<p>Node size corresponds to haplotype frequency.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Map of South America showing sampling locations of the Humboldt penguin: CHI (Chiloé), PUP (Pupuya), ALG (Algarrobo), CAC (Cachagua), TIL (Tilgo), PAJ (Pajaros), CHO (Choros), CHA (Chañaral), GRA (Isla Grande), AZU (Pan de Azucar), and PSJ (Punta San Juan)

Map of South America showing sampling locations of the Humboldt penguin: CHI (Chiloé), PUP (Pupuya), ALG (Algarrobo), CAC (Cachagua), TIL (Tilgo), PAJ (Pajaros), CHO (Choros), CHA (Chañaral), GRA (Isla Grande), AZU (Pan de Azucar), and PSJ (Punta San Juan)

<p>Map of South America showing sampling locations of the Humboldt penguin: CHI (Chiloé), P... more <p>Map of South America showing sampling locations of the Humboldt penguin: CHI (Chiloé), PUP (Pupuya), ALG (Algarrobo), CAC (Cachagua), TIL (Tilgo), PAJ (Pajaros), CHO (Choros), CHA (Chañaral), GRA (Isla Grande), AZU (Pan de Azucar), and PSJ (Punta San Juan).</p

Research paper thumbnail of Bayesian STRUCTURE of the Humboldt penguin, delta K = 3, using admixture model

<p>1- Punta San Juan; 2- Isla Pan de Azucar; 3- Isla Grande de Atacama; 4- Chañaral; 5- Cho... more <p>1- Punta San Juan; 2- Isla Pan de Azucar; 3- Isla Grande de Atacama; 4- Chañaral; 5- Choros; 6- Pájaros; 7- Tilgo; 8- Cachagua; 9- Algarrobo; 10- Pupuya; 11- Chiloé.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Keywords (with synonyms) and syntax used for literature search

<p>Keywords (with synonyms) and syntax used for literature search.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Inference of theta (θ) of each population and historical migrate number of among Humboldt penguin population, estimated by maximum likelihood based on allele frequencies on MIGRATE software, where rows represent immigrants and columns represent emigrants

<p>Population reference: CHI (Chiloé), PUP (Pupuya), ALG (Algarrobo), CAC (Cachagua), TIL (... more <p>Population reference: CHI (Chiloé), PUP (Pupuya), ALG (Algarrobo), CAC (Cachagua), TIL (Tilgo), PAJ (Pajaros), CHO (Choros), CHA (Chañaral), GRA (Isla Grande), AZU (Pan de Azucar), and PSJ (Punta San Juan).</p

Research paper thumbnail of Basic details of included publications

<p>Basic details of included publications.</p

Research paper thumbnail of Pairwise R<sub>ST</sub> based on 10 microsatellites (a), pairwise ϕ<sub>ST</sub> based on RAG1 (b) of the Humboldt penguin (* p value < 0.05)

<p>Pairwise R<sub>ST</sub> based on 10 microsatellites (a), pairwise ϕ<sub&g... more <p>Pairwise R<sub>ST</sub> based on 10 microsatellites (a), pairwise ϕ<sub>ST</sub> based on RAG1 (b) of the Humboldt penguin (* p value < 0.05).</p

Research paper thumbnail of Have we achieved a sustainable balance? Evaluating the effects of regulated guano extraction on an important penguin breeding colony (2008–2019)

Global Ecology and Conservation

Research paper thumbnail of The “Double Burden of Malnutrition” in the Amazon: dietary change and drastic increases in obesity and anemia over 40 years among the Awajún

Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 2021

ABSTRACT Undernutrition and overnutrition are interconnected. Yet few studies have examined the “... more ABSTRACT Undernutrition and overnutrition are interconnected. Yet few studies have examined the “double burden of malnutrition” (DBM) over time in indigenous communities. We investigated changes in the food systems and nutritional health of Awajún communities in the Peruvian Amazon in the 1970s and in 2013. Methods included ethnography, 24 hr food recalls, and biological measures. In 2013, the number of traditional foods consumed decreased to 10% of levels in the 1970s and the number of market foods consumed increased 40-fold. Rates of anemia and obesity were also substantially higher in 2013 compared to the 1970s (23% vs 6% for anemia and 30% vs. 0% for obesity) indicating a DBM has emerged. Examining the predictors of hemoglobin levels and body mass indices in the 2013 sample reveals that this DBM is differentially impacting women and that risk for obesity among the Awajún is associated with multiple proxies of market integration beyond just the consumption of market foods. These findings highlight the complex pathways by which rapid lifestyle changes are creating gendered health inequalities within indigenous communities over time.

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring the building blocks of social capital in the Sechura Bay (Peru): Insights from Peruvian scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) aquaculture

Ocean & Coastal Management, 2018

Social capital has been a key factor for co-management initiatives' success in small-scale fisher... more Social capital has been a key factor for co-management initiatives' success in small-scale fisheries. Nonetheless, this is a complex concept, which can be operationalized in different ways and has no specific standardized measures. This research explores Peruvian scallop aquaculture in the Sechura Bay of Peru as a case study, focusing on the development of social capital among fishers, enterprises and authorities. We evaluated social capital through three of its conceptual building components: (i) trust, (ii) collaboration and reciprocity, and (iii) common norms and sanctions. Specific indicators for each component were developed for analytical purposes. We conducted 66 surveys and 12 interviews with fishers and other key stakeholders. Based on our results, there is weak social capital among aquaculture fishers, enterprises and authorities in the Sechura Bay. This is evident through the low levels of trust and collaboration, as well as the lack of respect for common norms. Weak social capital may explain the two critical problems the system is currently facing for achieving sustainability: reduced availability of seeds and unfair agreements between enterprises and fishermen associations. Strengthening social ties and collaboration can increase aquaculture's resilience at Sechura Bay.