Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado | Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (original) (raw)
Papers by Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado
Salud Pública de México, 2017
Señor editor: La Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2017 deberá levantarse a cinco años de la Ensanut 201... more Señor editor: La Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2017 deberá levantarse a cinco años de la Ensanut 2012, siguiendo la periodicidad esperada. La Ensanut 2017 será una herramienta fundamental para dar cuenta de tres importantes tendencias en el panorama de la salud de México: la predominancia de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, el acercamiento a la protección financiera universal y la integración de redes de atención personalizadas. La Ensanut 2012 aportó información clave para las políticas en materia de: prevalencia del sobrepeso, obesidad, diabetes e hipertensión; así como en relación con las oportunidades para mejorar la calidad de la atención y el desencuentro entre actividad física y sedentarismo…
Salud Pública de México, 2017
Objetivo. Estimar la cobertura efectiva (CE) del tratamiento de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en ad... more Objetivo. Estimar la cobertura efectiva (CE) del tratamiento de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en adultos mexicanos en 2012 y compararla con lo reportado en 2006. Material y métodos. Se analizó la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012. Se estimó la población que necesita recibir atención,la población que utiliza los servicios dado que los necesita,y la recuperación de su salud por recibir el tratamiento. La CE del tratamiento de la HT se estimó empleado variables instrumentales. Resultados. En 2012, la CE nacional del tratamiento de HTA fue 28.3% (IC95% 26.5-30.1), variando entre 19.3% (15.3-23.4) en Michoacán hasta 39.7% (25.3-54.0) en el Estado de México. De 2006 a 2012 la CE aumentó 22.5%. Conclusión. La CE del tratamiento de la HTA es baja heterogénea. El empleo de indicadores sintéticos debiera ser un ejercicio cotidiano de medición, pues informan de manera resumida el desempeño de los sistemas estatales de salud.
Salud Pública de México, 2013
Objetivos. Identificar barreras y oportunidades para la regulación de la publicidad de alimentos ... more Objetivos. Identificar barreras y oportunidades para la regulación de la publicidad de alimentos y bebidas para niños. Material y métodos. Estudio cualitativo. Se entrevistó a catorce informantes clave del ámbito legislativo, sector privado, funcionarios de la Secretaría de Salud y académicos involucrados en el tema de la regulación de la publicidad. Resultados. Barreras identificadas: concepción de la obesidad como problema individual, minimización de los efectos negativos sobre la salud, definición de la vulnerabilidad de la niñez acotada a su desarrollo cognitivo. Facilitadores: apoyo de varios sectores de la sociedad, a favor de la regulación, una amplia discusión científica acerca del tema, una experiencia exitosa similar con la industria del tabaco y sus lecciones. Conclusión. México cuenta con elementos clave para lograr una regulación eficaz de la publicidad.
Salud Pública de México, 2015
Objetivo. Identificar y reasignar defunciones mal clasificadas por sida en México, y reconstruir ... more Objetivo. Identificar y reasignar defunciones mal clasificadas por sida en México, y reconstruir la mortalidad 1983-2012, por entidad federativa, sexo, edad y derechohabiencia a la seguridad social. Material y métodos. Se analizaron 15.5 millones de defunciones de 1979 a 2012. La corrección de la mortalidad por sida se hizo en tres fases: a) por causas directamente relacionadas con sida, y b) por muertes mal codificadas; c) muertes por sida ocultas en otras causas. Se calcularon tasas estandarizadas por edad de mortalidad (TEM) por sexo, derechohabiencia a la seguridad social y entidad federativa. Resultados. Se acumularon 107 981 muertes por sida entre 1983 y 2012 (11% más del total de muertes observadas). La TEM en hombres, para todos los grupos de edad, empieza a descender desde 1996, mientras que para las mujeres la caída inicia en 2008. Un panorama similar se observa para la población con/sin seguridad social. La heterogeneidad caracteriza la TEM estatal. Conclusión. Se present...
The Lancet, 2016
Child and maternal health outcomes have notably improved in Mexico since 1990, whereas rising adu... more Child and maternal health outcomes have notably improved in Mexico since 1990, whereas rising adult mortality rates defy traditional epidemiological transition models in which decreased death rates occur across all ages. These trends suggest Mexico is experiencing a more complex, dissonant health transition than historically observed. Enduring inequalities between states further emphasise the need for more detailed health assessments over time. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2013 (GBD 2013) provides the comprehensive, comparable framework through which such national and subnational analyses can occur. This study offers a state-level quantification of disease burden and risk factor attribution in Mexico for the first time. We extracted data from GBD 2013 to assess mortality, causes of death, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) in Mexico and its 32 states, along with eight comparator countries in the Americas. States were grouped by Marginalisation Index scores to compare subnational burden along a socioeconomic dimension. We split extracted data by state and applied GBD methods to generate estimates of burden, and attributable burden due to behavioural, metabolic, and environmental or occupational risks. We present results for 306 causes, 2337 sequelae, and 79 risk factors. From 1990 to 2013, life expectancy from birth in Mexico increased by 3·4 years (95% uncertainty interval 3·1-3·8), from 72·1 years (71·8-72·3) to 75·5 years (75·3-75·7), and these gains were more pronounced in states with high marginalisation. Nationally, age-standardised death rates fell 13·3% (11·9-14·6%) since 1990, but state-level reductions for all-cause mortality varied and gaps between life expectancy and years lived in full health, as measured by HALE, widened in several states. Progress in women's life expectancy exceeded that of men, in whom negligible improvements were observed since 2000. For many states, this trend corresponded with rising YLL rates from interpersonal violence and chronic kidney disease. Nationally, age-standardised YLL rates for diarrhoeal diseases and protein-energy malnutrition markedly decreased, ranking Mexico well above comparator countries. However, amid Mexico's progress against communicable diseases, chronic kidney disease burden rapidly climbed, with age-standardised YLL and DALY rates increasing more than 130% by 2013. For women, DALY rates from breast cancer also increased since 1990, rising 12·1% (4·6-23·1%). In 2013, the leading five causes of DALYs were diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, low back and neck pain, and depressive disorders; the latter three were not among the leading five causes in 1990, further underscoring…
Salud Pública de México, 2016
Objective. To analyze mortality and incidence for 28 cancers by deprivation status, age and sex f... more Objective. To analyze mortality and incidence for 28 cancers by deprivation status, age and sex from 1990 to 2013. Materials and methods. The data and methodological approaches provided by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2013) were used. Results. Trends from 1990 to 2013 show important changes in cancer epidemiology in Mexico. While some cancers show a decreasing trend in incidence and mortality (lung, cervical) others emerge as relevant health priorities (prostate, breast, stomach, colorectal and liver cancer). Age standardized incidence and mortality rates for all cancers are higher in the northern states while the central states show a decreasing trend in the mortality rate. The analysis show that infection related cancers like cervical or liver cancer play a bigger role in more deprived states and that cancers with risk factors related to lifestyle like colorectal cancer are more common in less marginalized states. Conclusions. The burden of cancer in Mexico shows complex regional patterns by age, sex, types of cancer and deprivation status. Creation of a national cancer registry is crucial. La carga del cáncer en México, 1990-2013. Salud Publica Mex 2016;58:118-131.
PLOS ONE, 2016
To analyze whether the changes observed in the level and distribution of resources for maternal h... more To analyze whether the changes observed in the level and distribution of resources for maternal health and family planning (MHFP) programs from 2003 to 2012 were consistent with the financial goals of the related policies.
Salud pública de México, 2015
To identify and reassign misclassified AIDS deaths in Mexico, reconstructing the time series of m... more To identify and reassign misclassified AIDS deaths in Mexico, reconstructing the time series of mortality from 1983 to 2012, by state, sex, age, and affiliation to social security. 15.5 million deaths from 1979 to 2012 were analyzed. The HIV-AIDS mortality correction was done in three phases: a) those causes directly related to AIDS; b) by miscoded deaths, and c) AIDS deaths hidden in other underlying causes of death. Age-standardized rates of mortality (SMR) were calculated by sex, affiliation to social security, and state. 107 981 AIDS deaths from 1983 to 2012 were accumulated, representing 11% of total deaths observed for the period. The SMR in men for all age groups begins to decline since 1996, while for women the decline started in 2008. A similar picture is observed for the population with / without social security. Heterogeneity is a feature for SMR by state. An easily replicable methodology for the correction of mortality from AIDS, which generates relevant information for ...
The increasing burden of obesity and related non-communicable diseases in the world has encourage... more The increasing burden of obesity and related non-communicable diseases in the world has encouraged the design of effective policies in order to contain this trend. Excise taxes on low-nutritious food and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption, such as soft-drinks, have been proposed. Currently, a growing number of studies have calculated potential effects of soft-drinks taxes considering data for average consumers, and have assessed effectiveness of such measure on raising fresh revenues to the government, modifying consumption patterns, and population weight reduction. Nevertheless, there is evidence of heterogeneity of the demand of soft-drinks related to poverty and the level of consumption of soft-drinks. It has also been emphasised the need of examining the possible distributional effects of an excise tax in populations with uneven income distribution. We used Mexican data to discuss effectiveness and equity implications of an excise tax on soft-drinks consumption in populations...
Salud Pública de México, 2004
Salud pública de México, 2014
Objective. To identify barriers and opportunities for the regulation of food and beverage adverti... more Objective. To identify barriers and opportunities for the regulation of food and beverage advertising to children. Materials and methods. A qualitative study. Fourteen key informants from the congress, private sector, officials from the ministry of health and academics involved in the issue of regulation of advertising were interviewed. Results. Barriers identified: conception of obesity as an individual problem, minimization of the negative effects on health, definition of the vulnerability of children bounded to their cognitive development. Facilitators support from various sectors of society regulation, extensive scientific discussion on the subject, successful experience and its lessons on tabacco industry. Conclusion. Mexico has key elements for achieving effective regulation on advertising.
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 2006
Objetivos. Estimar el gasto en salud reproductiva en México durante el año 2003, analizar su dist... more Objetivos. Estimar el gasto en salud reproductiva en México durante el año 2003, analizar su distribución según los principales programas, agentes de financiamiento y proveedores de bienes y servicios de salud, y evaluar la relación entre el gasto en salud reproductiva y algunos indicadores económicos de los estados, mediante la metodología de cuentas en salud. Métodos. Se estimó el gasto en salud reproductiva entre enero y diciembre de 2003, tanto a nivel nacional como estatal. Se utilizó la metodología de cuentas en salud ajustada a las particularidades de México a partir de información pública y privada. El gasto se calculó para los cuatro principales programas de salud reproductiva (salud materno-perinatal, planificación familiar, cáncer cervicouterino y cáncer de mama) según los diferentes agentes de financiamiento, proveedores de bienes y servicios y funciones de salud, tanto para el sector público como privado. Se estimó el gasto público estatal por beneficiaria y se analizó su relación con el gasto público en salud y el producto interno bruto (PIB) anual per cápita de cada estado. Resultados. El gasto en salud reproductiva en México durante el año 2003 fue de 2 912,6 millones de dólares estadounidenses y representó 0,5% del PIB nacional en 2003 y poco más de 8% del gasto en salud. El gasto fue mayor en los agentes públicos (53,5%) que en los privados (46,5%). El programa de salud materno-perinatal presentó el mayor gasto, principalmente por partos y complicaciones; casi 50% de ese total provino de pagos directos de los hogares. El gasto en planificación familiar fue mayormente público y representó 5,9% del gasto total. Del gasto en salud reproductiva, 7,9% correspondió a los programas de cáncer cervicouterino y de mama. El gasto público promedio en salud reproductiva por beneficiaria fue de 680,03 USD y su distribución estatal estuvo asociada con el gasto público en salud (r = 0,80; P < 0,001) y el PIB per cápita (r = 0,75; P < 0,0001).
Background The amount of resources, particularly prepaid resources, available for health can affe... more Background The amount of resources, particularly prepaid resources, available for health can affect access to health care and health outcomes. Although health spending tends to increase with economic development, tremendous variation exists among health financing systems. Estimates of future spending can be beneficial for policy makers and planners, and can identify financing gaps. In this study, we estimate future gross domestic product (GDP), all-sector government spending, and health spending disaggregated by source, and we compare expected future spending to potential future spending.
Background An adequate amount of prepaid resources for health is important to ensure access to he... more Background An adequate amount of prepaid resources for health is important to ensure access to health services and for the pursuit of universal health coverage. Previous studies on global health financing have described the relationship between economic development and health financing. In this study, we further explore global health financing trends and examine how the sources of funds used, types of services purchased, and development assistance for health disbursed change with economic development. We also identify countries that deviate from the trends.
Background An adequate amount of prepaid resources for health is important to ensure access to he... more Background An adequate amount of prepaid resources for health is important to ensure access to health services and for the pursuit of universal health coverage. Previous studies on global health financing have described the relationship between economic development and health financing. In this study, we further explore global health financing trends and examine how the sources of funds used, types of services purchased, and development assistance for health disbursed change with economic development. We also identify countries that deviate from the trends.
Salud Pública de México, 2017
Señor editor: La Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2017 deberá levantarse a cinco años de la Ensanut 201... more Señor editor: La Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2017 deberá levantarse a cinco años de la Ensanut 2012, siguiendo la periodicidad esperada. La Ensanut 2017 será una herramienta fundamental para dar cuenta de tres importantes tendencias en el panorama de la salud de México: la predominancia de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, el acercamiento a la protección financiera universal y la integración de redes de atención personalizadas. La Ensanut 2012 aportó información clave para las políticas en materia de: prevalencia del sobrepeso, obesidad, diabetes e hipertensión; así como en relación con las oportunidades para mejorar la calidad de la atención y el desencuentro entre actividad física y sedentarismo…
Salud Pública de México, 2017
Objetivo. Estimar la cobertura efectiva (CE) del tratamiento de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en ad... more Objetivo. Estimar la cobertura efectiva (CE) del tratamiento de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en adultos mexicanos en 2012 y compararla con lo reportado en 2006. Material y métodos. Se analizó la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012. Se estimó la población que necesita recibir atención,la población que utiliza los servicios dado que los necesita,y la recuperación de su salud por recibir el tratamiento. La CE del tratamiento de la HT se estimó empleado variables instrumentales. Resultados. En 2012, la CE nacional del tratamiento de HTA fue 28.3% (IC95% 26.5-30.1), variando entre 19.3% (15.3-23.4) en Michoacán hasta 39.7% (25.3-54.0) en el Estado de México. De 2006 a 2012 la CE aumentó 22.5%. Conclusión. La CE del tratamiento de la HTA es baja heterogénea. El empleo de indicadores sintéticos debiera ser un ejercicio cotidiano de medición, pues informan de manera resumida el desempeño de los sistemas estatales de salud.
Salud Pública de México, 2013
Objetivos. Identificar barreras y oportunidades para la regulación de la publicidad de alimentos ... more Objetivos. Identificar barreras y oportunidades para la regulación de la publicidad de alimentos y bebidas para niños. Material y métodos. Estudio cualitativo. Se entrevistó a catorce informantes clave del ámbito legislativo, sector privado, funcionarios de la Secretaría de Salud y académicos involucrados en el tema de la regulación de la publicidad. Resultados. Barreras identificadas: concepción de la obesidad como problema individual, minimización de los efectos negativos sobre la salud, definición de la vulnerabilidad de la niñez acotada a su desarrollo cognitivo. Facilitadores: apoyo de varios sectores de la sociedad, a favor de la regulación, una amplia discusión científica acerca del tema, una experiencia exitosa similar con la industria del tabaco y sus lecciones. Conclusión. México cuenta con elementos clave para lograr una regulación eficaz de la publicidad.
Salud Pública de México, 2015
Objetivo. Identificar y reasignar defunciones mal clasificadas por sida en México, y reconstruir ... more Objetivo. Identificar y reasignar defunciones mal clasificadas por sida en México, y reconstruir la mortalidad 1983-2012, por entidad federativa, sexo, edad y derechohabiencia a la seguridad social. Material y métodos. Se analizaron 15.5 millones de defunciones de 1979 a 2012. La corrección de la mortalidad por sida se hizo en tres fases: a) por causas directamente relacionadas con sida, y b) por muertes mal codificadas; c) muertes por sida ocultas en otras causas. Se calcularon tasas estandarizadas por edad de mortalidad (TEM) por sexo, derechohabiencia a la seguridad social y entidad federativa. Resultados. Se acumularon 107 981 muertes por sida entre 1983 y 2012 (11% más del total de muertes observadas). La TEM en hombres, para todos los grupos de edad, empieza a descender desde 1996, mientras que para las mujeres la caída inicia en 2008. Un panorama similar se observa para la población con/sin seguridad social. La heterogeneidad caracteriza la TEM estatal. Conclusión. Se present...
The Lancet, 2016
Child and maternal health outcomes have notably improved in Mexico since 1990, whereas rising adu... more Child and maternal health outcomes have notably improved in Mexico since 1990, whereas rising adult mortality rates defy traditional epidemiological transition models in which decreased death rates occur across all ages. These trends suggest Mexico is experiencing a more complex, dissonant health transition than historically observed. Enduring inequalities between states further emphasise the need for more detailed health assessments over time. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2013 (GBD 2013) provides the comprehensive, comparable framework through which such national and subnational analyses can occur. This study offers a state-level quantification of disease burden and risk factor attribution in Mexico for the first time. We extracted data from GBD 2013 to assess mortality, causes of death, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) in Mexico and its 32 states, along with eight comparator countries in the Americas. States were grouped by Marginalisation Index scores to compare subnational burden along a socioeconomic dimension. We split extracted data by state and applied GBD methods to generate estimates of burden, and attributable burden due to behavioural, metabolic, and environmental or occupational risks. We present results for 306 causes, 2337 sequelae, and 79 risk factors. From 1990 to 2013, life expectancy from birth in Mexico increased by 3·4 years (95% uncertainty interval 3·1-3·8), from 72·1 years (71·8-72·3) to 75·5 years (75·3-75·7), and these gains were more pronounced in states with high marginalisation. Nationally, age-standardised death rates fell 13·3% (11·9-14·6%) since 1990, but state-level reductions for all-cause mortality varied and gaps between life expectancy and years lived in full health, as measured by HALE, widened in several states. Progress in women&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s life expectancy exceeded that of men, in whom negligible improvements were observed since 2000. For many states, this trend corresponded with rising YLL rates from interpersonal violence and chronic kidney disease. Nationally, age-standardised YLL rates for diarrhoeal diseases and protein-energy malnutrition markedly decreased, ranking Mexico well above comparator countries. However, amid Mexico&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s progress against communicable diseases, chronic kidney disease burden rapidly climbed, with age-standardised YLL and DALY rates increasing more than 130% by 2013. For women, DALY rates from breast cancer also increased since 1990, rising 12·1% (4·6-23·1%). In 2013, the leading five causes of DALYs were diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, low back and neck pain, and depressive disorders; the latter three were not among the leading five causes in 1990, further underscoring…
Salud Pública de México, 2016
Objective. To analyze mortality and incidence for 28 cancers by deprivation status, age and sex f... more Objective. To analyze mortality and incidence for 28 cancers by deprivation status, age and sex from 1990 to 2013. Materials and methods. The data and methodological approaches provided by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2013) were used. Results. Trends from 1990 to 2013 show important changes in cancer epidemiology in Mexico. While some cancers show a decreasing trend in incidence and mortality (lung, cervical) others emerge as relevant health priorities (prostate, breast, stomach, colorectal and liver cancer). Age standardized incidence and mortality rates for all cancers are higher in the northern states while the central states show a decreasing trend in the mortality rate. The analysis show that infection related cancers like cervical or liver cancer play a bigger role in more deprived states and that cancers with risk factors related to lifestyle like colorectal cancer are more common in less marginalized states. Conclusions. The burden of cancer in Mexico shows complex regional patterns by age, sex, types of cancer and deprivation status. Creation of a national cancer registry is crucial. La carga del cáncer en México, 1990-2013. Salud Publica Mex 2016;58:118-131.
PLOS ONE, 2016
To analyze whether the changes observed in the level and distribution of resources for maternal h... more To analyze whether the changes observed in the level and distribution of resources for maternal health and family planning (MHFP) programs from 2003 to 2012 were consistent with the financial goals of the related policies.
Salud pública de México, 2015
To identify and reassign misclassified AIDS deaths in Mexico, reconstructing the time series of m... more To identify and reassign misclassified AIDS deaths in Mexico, reconstructing the time series of mortality from 1983 to 2012, by state, sex, age, and affiliation to social security. 15.5 million deaths from 1979 to 2012 were analyzed. The HIV-AIDS mortality correction was done in three phases: a) those causes directly related to AIDS; b) by miscoded deaths, and c) AIDS deaths hidden in other underlying causes of death. Age-standardized rates of mortality (SMR) were calculated by sex, affiliation to social security, and state. 107 981 AIDS deaths from 1983 to 2012 were accumulated, representing 11% of total deaths observed for the period. The SMR in men for all age groups begins to decline since 1996, while for women the decline started in 2008. A similar picture is observed for the population with / without social security. Heterogeneity is a feature for SMR by state. An easily replicable methodology for the correction of mortality from AIDS, which generates relevant information for ...
The increasing burden of obesity and related non-communicable diseases in the world has encourage... more The increasing burden of obesity and related non-communicable diseases in the world has encouraged the design of effective policies in order to contain this trend. Excise taxes on low-nutritious food and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption, such as soft-drinks, have been proposed. Currently, a growing number of studies have calculated potential effects of soft-drinks taxes considering data for average consumers, and have assessed effectiveness of such measure on raising fresh revenues to the government, modifying consumption patterns, and population weight reduction. Nevertheless, there is evidence of heterogeneity of the demand of soft-drinks related to poverty and the level of consumption of soft-drinks. It has also been emphasised the need of examining the possible distributional effects of an excise tax in populations with uneven income distribution. We used Mexican data to discuss effectiveness and equity implications of an excise tax on soft-drinks consumption in populations...
Salud Pública de México, 2004
Salud pública de México, 2014
Objective. To identify barriers and opportunities for the regulation of food and beverage adverti... more Objective. To identify barriers and opportunities for the regulation of food and beverage advertising to children. Materials and methods. A qualitative study. Fourteen key informants from the congress, private sector, officials from the ministry of health and academics involved in the issue of regulation of advertising were interviewed. Results. Barriers identified: conception of obesity as an individual problem, minimization of the negative effects on health, definition of the vulnerability of children bounded to their cognitive development. Facilitators support from various sectors of society regulation, extensive scientific discussion on the subject, successful experience and its lessons on tabacco industry. Conclusion. Mexico has key elements for achieving effective regulation on advertising.
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 2006
Objetivos. Estimar el gasto en salud reproductiva en México durante el año 2003, analizar su dist... more Objetivos. Estimar el gasto en salud reproductiva en México durante el año 2003, analizar su distribución según los principales programas, agentes de financiamiento y proveedores de bienes y servicios de salud, y evaluar la relación entre el gasto en salud reproductiva y algunos indicadores económicos de los estados, mediante la metodología de cuentas en salud. Métodos. Se estimó el gasto en salud reproductiva entre enero y diciembre de 2003, tanto a nivel nacional como estatal. Se utilizó la metodología de cuentas en salud ajustada a las particularidades de México a partir de información pública y privada. El gasto se calculó para los cuatro principales programas de salud reproductiva (salud materno-perinatal, planificación familiar, cáncer cervicouterino y cáncer de mama) según los diferentes agentes de financiamiento, proveedores de bienes y servicios y funciones de salud, tanto para el sector público como privado. Se estimó el gasto público estatal por beneficiaria y se analizó su relación con el gasto público en salud y el producto interno bruto (PIB) anual per cápita de cada estado. Resultados. El gasto en salud reproductiva en México durante el año 2003 fue de 2 912,6 millones de dólares estadounidenses y representó 0,5% del PIB nacional en 2003 y poco más de 8% del gasto en salud. El gasto fue mayor en los agentes públicos (53,5%) que en los privados (46,5%). El programa de salud materno-perinatal presentó el mayor gasto, principalmente por partos y complicaciones; casi 50% de ese total provino de pagos directos de los hogares. El gasto en planificación familiar fue mayormente público y representó 5,9% del gasto total. Del gasto en salud reproductiva, 7,9% correspondió a los programas de cáncer cervicouterino y de mama. El gasto público promedio en salud reproductiva por beneficiaria fue de 680,03 USD y su distribución estatal estuvo asociada con el gasto público en salud (r = 0,80; P < 0,001) y el PIB per cápita (r = 0,75; P < 0,0001).
Background The amount of resources, particularly prepaid resources, available for health can affe... more Background The amount of resources, particularly prepaid resources, available for health can affect access to health care and health outcomes. Although health spending tends to increase with economic development, tremendous variation exists among health financing systems. Estimates of future spending can be beneficial for policy makers and planners, and can identify financing gaps. In this study, we estimate future gross domestic product (GDP), all-sector government spending, and health spending disaggregated by source, and we compare expected future spending to potential future spending.
Background An adequate amount of prepaid resources for health is important to ensure access to he... more Background An adequate amount of prepaid resources for health is important to ensure access to health services and for the pursuit of universal health coverage. Previous studies on global health financing have described the relationship between economic development and health financing. In this study, we further explore global health financing trends and examine how the sources of funds used, types of services purchased, and development assistance for health disbursed change with economic development. We also identify countries that deviate from the trends.
Background An adequate amount of prepaid resources for health is important to ensure access to he... more Background An adequate amount of prepaid resources for health is important to ensure access to health services and for the pursuit of universal health coverage. Previous studies on global health financing have described the relationship between economic development and health financing. In this study, we further explore global health financing trends and examine how the sources of funds used, types of services purchased, and development assistance for health disbursed change with economic development. We also identify countries that deviate from the trends.