Ana Peinado | Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (original) (raw)
Papers by Ana Peinado
Nutrición hospitalaria
Many exercise studies, although generally showing the beneficial effects of supervised aerobic, r... more Many exercise studies, although generally showing the beneficial effects of supervised aerobic, resistance or combined exercise on blood lipids, have sometimes reached equivocal conclusions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of different programs that combined exercise and dietary restriction on blood lipids versus a clinical practice intervention for weight loss, in overweight adults. For this study 66 subjects participated in a supervised 22 weeks training program, composed of three sessions per week and they were randomized in three groups: strength training (S; n = 19), endurance training (E; n = 25), a combination of E and S (SE; n = 22). Eighteen subjects served as physical activity group (PA) that followed a clinical intervention consisted of physical activity recommendations. All groups followed the same dietary treatment, and blood samples were obtained for lipids measurements, at the beginning and end of the study. Lipid profile improved in all groups. No sig...
Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of different physical activity programs, ... more The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of different physical activity programs, in combination with a hypocaloric diet, on anthropometric variables and body composition in obese subjects. Ninety six obese (men=48; women =48; age range 18-50 years) participated in a supervised 22 week program. They were randomized into four groups: strength training (S, n=24), endurance training (E, n=26), combined strength + endurance training (SE, n=24), and physical activity recommendations (C, n=22). In addition, all groups followed the same hypocaloric diet. At baseline and at end of the intervention, dietetic and physical activity variables were assessed using validated questionnaires. Anthropometric variables were recorded along with body composition variables measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry techniques. At the end of the intervention, significant improvements were seen within groups in terms of body weight (S: -9.21±0.83 kg; E: -10.55±0.80 kg; SE: -9.88±0.85 kg; C: -8.69±0.89 kg), and total fat mass (S: -5.24±0.55%; E: -5.35±0.55%; SE: -4.85±0.56%; C: -4.89±0.59%). No differences were seen between groups at this time in terms of any other anthropometric or body composition variables examined. All groups increased their total physical activity per week during the intervention, but with no difference between groups (S: 976±367 MET-min/week; E: 954±355 MET-min/week; SE: 1 329±345 MET-min/week; C: 763±410 MET-min/week). This study shows that, when combined with a hypocaloric diet, exercise training and the following of physical activity recommendations are equally effective at reducing body weight and modifying body composition in the treatment of obesity (Clinical Trials Gov. number: NCT01116856).
Revista de investigación clínica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutrición
Few works have approached the study of the tidal volume/inspiratory time (V(T)/ t(I)) relationshi... more Few works have approached the study of the tidal volume/inspiratory time (V(T)/ t(I)) relationship during long and constant load exercise in treadmill. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship V(T)/ t(I) to an intensity corresponding to the mean point among the two ventilatory thresholds. Twenty-four males have participated, carrying out two tests in treadmill: (1) maximal incremental test and (2) a 30 minutes constant load test at the intensity corresponding to the mean point among the two ventilatory thresholds. The respiratory parameters, acid-base parameters and lactate concentration was analysed during the constant load test. The breakpoint of relationship V(T)/ t(I) during the maximum test was reached at V(T) 2886 (465) mL, tI 0.57 (0.10) s and oxygen uptake (VO2) 4606 (532.9) mL/min. During the effort at constant load the relationships V(T)/ t(I), and tI/ tTOT (inspiratory time/total time) were significantly lower to those corresponding to the breakpoint o...
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 2014
During postexercise recovery, heart rate (HR) initially falls rapidly, followed by a period of sl... more During postexercise recovery, heart rate (HR) initially falls rapidly, followed by a period of slower decrease, until resting values are reached. The aim of the present work was to examine the differences in the recovery heart rate (RHR) between athletes engaged in static and dynamic sports. The study subjects were 294 federated sportsmen competing at the national and international level in sports classified using the criteria of Mitchell et al. as either prevalently static (N.=89) or prevalently dynamic (N.=205). Within the dynamic group, the subjects who practised the most dynamic sports were assigned to further subgroups: triathlon (N.=20), long distance running (N.=58), cycling (N.=28) and swimming (N.=12). All athletes were subjected to a maximum exertion stress test and their HR recorded at 1, 2, 3 and 4 min (RHR1,2,3,4) into the HR recovery period. The following indices of recovery (IR) were then calculated: IR1=(HRpeak-RHR1,2,3,4)/(HRmax-HRrest)*100, IR2=(HRpeak-RHR1,2,3,4)/...
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2014
The anaerobic threshold (AT) has been one of the most studied of all physiological variables. Man... more The anaerobic threshold (AT) has been one of the most studied of all physiological variables. Many authors have proposed the use of several markers to determine the moment at with the AT is reached. The present work discusses the physiological responses made to exercise -the measurement of which indicates the point at which the AT is reached -and how these responses might be controlled by the central nervous system. The detection of the AT having been reached is a sign for the central nervous system (CNS) to respond via an increase in efferent activity via the peripheral nervous system (PNS). An increase in CNS and PNS activities are related to changes in ventilation, cardiovascular function, and gland and muscle function. The directing action of the central command (CC) allows for the coordination of the autonomous and motor systems, suggesting that the AT can be identified in the many ways: changes in lactate, ventilation, plasma catecholamines, heart rate (HR), salivary amylase and muscular electrical activity. This change in response could be indicative that the organism would face failure if the exercise load continued to increase. To avoid this, the CC manages the efferent signals that show the organism that it is running out of homeostatic potential.
The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2010
We assessed the changes in cardiac morphology between elite endurance-trained runners (n = 42) an... more We assessed the changes in cardiac morphology between elite endurance-trained runners (n = 42) and elite sprinters (n = 34) over a 5-year period. In addition, we studied the relationship between heart size and maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2 max). Methods: At the beginning of 5 consecutive seasons, all athletes underwent an incremental running test to determine VO 2 max and a color-coded pulsed Doppler examination to determine baseline echocardiographic variables. We hypothesized that cardiac morphology had reached its upper limit in elite athletes, and showed only minor changes during 5 years of regular training. Results: Although all echocardiographic variables remained stable in nearly all sprinters studied, in the endurance runners (who presented higher cardiac cavity dimensions compared with sprinters), variations in heart morphology became evident from the third season, and were within established physiological limits. Conclusion: Only 6 (17%) endurance runners and 3 (9%) sprinters showed a left ventricular internal diameter of . 60 mm (the threshold pathological value) at end diastole at some point during the observational period. Moreover, no statistically significant association was detected between changes in VO 2 max and changes in heart size. After 5 years of intense training, the changes of the echocardiographic variables examined remained different between endurance runners and sprinters.
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2011
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2012
To analyze the effect of the MCT1 T1470A polymorphism (rs1049434) on venous blood lactate levels ... more To analyze the effect of the MCT1 T1470A polymorphism (rs1049434) on venous blood lactate levels in men and women, during three different circuit weight training protocols. Cross-sectional laboratory study. 14 women and 15 men, all caucasian and moderately active, performed three circuit training sessions (Weight Machine Protocol, Free Weight Protocol and Combined Protocol) at 70% of the 15 repetition maximum and 70% of the heart rate reserve, in non-consecutive days. The sessions included three sets of a circuit of eight exercises. Venous lactate measurements were obtained after each set and during the recoveries between sets (i.e. in min 3, 5, 7 and 9). One-way analysis of covariance and one-way analysis of covariance with repeated measures were used to determine differences among genotypes (AA, TA and TT) in lactate levels. In men, the AA group had higher lactate values than the TT group in all the measures (p ≤ 0.03) except for the average lactate during the Weight Machine Protocol, in which a borderline significant difference was found (p=0.07). We did not observe differences across genotypes in females. Our data suggest an influence of the MCT1 polymorphism on lactate transport across sarcolemma in males. Future studies on lactate transport and metabolism should take into account the gender-specific results.
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestión on consecu... more The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestión on consecutive "all out" sprint tests, analyzing the acid-base status and its influence on performance and perceived effort. Ten élite bicycle motocross (BMX) riders (20.7 ± 1.4 years, training experience 8-12 years) participated in this study which consisted of two triáis. Each trial consisted of three consecutive Wingate tests (WTs) separated by 15 min recovery. Ninety minutes prior to exercise subjects ingested either NaHC03~ (0.3 g kg~ body weight) or placebo. Blood samples were collected for the assessment of blood acid-base status: bicarbonate concentration ]), pH, base excess (BE) and blood lactate concentration ([La -]). Performance variables of peak power (PP), mean power Communicated by Susan A. Ward. M. Zabala and A. B. Peinado contributed equally to this work.
BMC Public Health, 2012
At present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesity. Both prof... more At present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesity. Both professionals and researchers agree that treatment must also have a multifactorial approach, including diet, physical activity, pharmacology and/or surgical treatment. These two last ones should be reserved for those cases of morbid obesities or in case of failure of the previous ones. The aim of the PRONAF study is to determine what type of exercise combined with caloric restriction is the most appropriate to be included in overweigth and obesity intervention programs, and the aim of this paper is to describe the design and the evaluation methods used to carry out the PRONAF study.
We tested a new portable metabolic system, the Jaeger Oxycon Mobile (OM) at a range of running sp... more We tested a new portable metabolic system, the Jaeger Oxycon Mobile (OM) at a range of running speeds. Six subjects carried out, in random order, two incremental tests on a treadmill, one of them using the OM, and the other using the Jaeger Oxycon Pro (OP). There are systematic errors in the measurements of oxygen consumption (VO2) and respiratory exchange
Nutrición hospitalaria
Many exercise studies, although generally showing the beneficial effects of supervised aerobic, r... more Many exercise studies, although generally showing the beneficial effects of supervised aerobic, resistance or combined exercise on blood lipids, have sometimes reached equivocal conclusions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of different programs that combined exercise and dietary restriction on blood lipids versus a clinical practice intervention for weight loss, in overweight adults. For this study 66 subjects participated in a supervised 22 weeks training program, composed of three sessions per week and they were randomized in three groups: strength training (S; n = 19), endurance training (E; n = 25), a combination of E and S (SE; n = 22). Eighteen subjects served as physical activity group (PA) that followed a clinical intervention consisted of physical activity recommendations. All groups followed the same dietary treatment, and blood samples were obtained for lipids measurements, at the beginning and end of the study. Lipid profile improved in all groups. No sig...
Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of different physical activity programs, ... more The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of different physical activity programs, in combination with a hypocaloric diet, on anthropometric variables and body composition in obese subjects. Ninety six obese (men=48; women =48; age range 18-50 years) participated in a supervised 22 week program. They were randomized into four groups: strength training (S, n=24), endurance training (E, n=26), combined strength + endurance training (SE, n=24), and physical activity recommendations (C, n=22). In addition, all groups followed the same hypocaloric diet. At baseline and at end of the intervention, dietetic and physical activity variables were assessed using validated questionnaires. Anthropometric variables were recorded along with body composition variables measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry techniques. At the end of the intervention, significant improvements were seen within groups in terms of body weight (S: -9.21±0.83 kg; E: -10.55±0.80 kg; SE: -9.88±0.85 kg; C: -8.69±0.89 kg), and total fat mass (S: -5.24±0.55%; E: -5.35±0.55%; SE: -4.85±0.56%; C: -4.89±0.59%). No differences were seen between groups at this time in terms of any other anthropometric or body composition variables examined. All groups increased their total physical activity per week during the intervention, but with no difference between groups (S: 976±367 MET-min/week; E: 954±355 MET-min/week; SE: 1 329±345 MET-min/week; C: 763±410 MET-min/week). This study shows that, when combined with a hypocaloric diet, exercise training and the following of physical activity recommendations are equally effective at reducing body weight and modifying body composition in the treatment of obesity (Clinical Trials Gov. number: NCT01116856).
Revista de investigación clínica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutrición
Few works have approached the study of the tidal volume/inspiratory time (V(T)/ t(I)) relationshi... more Few works have approached the study of the tidal volume/inspiratory time (V(T)/ t(I)) relationship during long and constant load exercise in treadmill. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship V(T)/ t(I) to an intensity corresponding to the mean point among the two ventilatory thresholds. Twenty-four males have participated, carrying out two tests in treadmill: (1) maximal incremental test and (2) a 30 minutes constant load test at the intensity corresponding to the mean point among the two ventilatory thresholds. The respiratory parameters, acid-base parameters and lactate concentration was analysed during the constant load test. The breakpoint of relationship V(T)/ t(I) during the maximum test was reached at V(T) 2886 (465) mL, tI 0.57 (0.10) s and oxygen uptake (VO2) 4606 (532.9) mL/min. During the effort at constant load the relationships V(T)/ t(I), and tI/ tTOT (inspiratory time/total time) were significantly lower to those corresponding to the breakpoint o...
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 2014
During postexercise recovery, heart rate (HR) initially falls rapidly, followed by a period of sl... more During postexercise recovery, heart rate (HR) initially falls rapidly, followed by a period of slower decrease, until resting values are reached. The aim of the present work was to examine the differences in the recovery heart rate (RHR) between athletes engaged in static and dynamic sports. The study subjects were 294 federated sportsmen competing at the national and international level in sports classified using the criteria of Mitchell et al. as either prevalently static (N.=89) or prevalently dynamic (N.=205). Within the dynamic group, the subjects who practised the most dynamic sports were assigned to further subgroups: triathlon (N.=20), long distance running (N.=58), cycling (N.=28) and swimming (N.=12). All athletes were subjected to a maximum exertion stress test and their HR recorded at 1, 2, 3 and 4 min (RHR1,2,3,4) into the HR recovery period. The following indices of recovery (IR) were then calculated: IR1=(HRpeak-RHR1,2,3,4)/(HRmax-HRrest)*100, IR2=(HRpeak-RHR1,2,3,4)/...
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2014
The anaerobic threshold (AT) has been one of the most studied of all physiological variables. Man... more The anaerobic threshold (AT) has been one of the most studied of all physiological variables. Many authors have proposed the use of several markers to determine the moment at with the AT is reached. The present work discusses the physiological responses made to exercise -the measurement of which indicates the point at which the AT is reached -and how these responses might be controlled by the central nervous system. The detection of the AT having been reached is a sign for the central nervous system (CNS) to respond via an increase in efferent activity via the peripheral nervous system (PNS). An increase in CNS and PNS activities are related to changes in ventilation, cardiovascular function, and gland and muscle function. The directing action of the central command (CC) allows for the coordination of the autonomous and motor systems, suggesting that the AT can be identified in the many ways: changes in lactate, ventilation, plasma catecholamines, heart rate (HR), salivary amylase and muscular electrical activity. This change in response could be indicative that the organism would face failure if the exercise load continued to increase. To avoid this, the CC manages the efferent signals that show the organism that it is running out of homeostatic potential.
The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2010
We assessed the changes in cardiac morphology between elite endurance-trained runners (n = 42) an... more We assessed the changes in cardiac morphology between elite endurance-trained runners (n = 42) and elite sprinters (n = 34) over a 5-year period. In addition, we studied the relationship between heart size and maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2 max). Methods: At the beginning of 5 consecutive seasons, all athletes underwent an incremental running test to determine VO 2 max and a color-coded pulsed Doppler examination to determine baseline echocardiographic variables. We hypothesized that cardiac morphology had reached its upper limit in elite athletes, and showed only minor changes during 5 years of regular training. Results: Although all echocardiographic variables remained stable in nearly all sprinters studied, in the endurance runners (who presented higher cardiac cavity dimensions compared with sprinters), variations in heart morphology became evident from the third season, and were within established physiological limits. Conclusion: Only 6 (17%) endurance runners and 3 (9%) sprinters showed a left ventricular internal diameter of . 60 mm (the threshold pathological value) at end diastole at some point during the observational period. Moreover, no statistically significant association was detected between changes in VO 2 max and changes in heart size. After 5 years of intense training, the changes of the echocardiographic variables examined remained different between endurance runners and sprinters.
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2011
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2012
To analyze the effect of the MCT1 T1470A polymorphism (rs1049434) on venous blood lactate levels ... more To analyze the effect of the MCT1 T1470A polymorphism (rs1049434) on venous blood lactate levels in men and women, during three different circuit weight training protocols. Cross-sectional laboratory study. 14 women and 15 men, all caucasian and moderately active, performed three circuit training sessions (Weight Machine Protocol, Free Weight Protocol and Combined Protocol) at 70% of the 15 repetition maximum and 70% of the heart rate reserve, in non-consecutive days. The sessions included three sets of a circuit of eight exercises. Venous lactate measurements were obtained after each set and during the recoveries between sets (i.e. in min 3, 5, 7 and 9). One-way analysis of covariance and one-way analysis of covariance with repeated measures were used to determine differences among genotypes (AA, TA and TT) in lactate levels. In men, the AA group had higher lactate values than the TT group in all the measures (p ≤ 0.03) except for the average lactate during the Weight Machine Protocol, in which a borderline significant difference was found (p=0.07). We did not observe differences across genotypes in females. Our data suggest an influence of the MCT1 polymorphism on lactate transport across sarcolemma in males. Future studies on lactate transport and metabolism should take into account the gender-specific results.
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestión on consecu... more The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestión on consecutive "all out" sprint tests, analyzing the acid-base status and its influence on performance and perceived effort. Ten élite bicycle motocross (BMX) riders (20.7 ± 1.4 years, training experience 8-12 years) participated in this study which consisted of two triáis. Each trial consisted of three consecutive Wingate tests (WTs) separated by 15 min recovery. Ninety minutes prior to exercise subjects ingested either NaHC03~ (0.3 g kg~ body weight) or placebo. Blood samples were collected for the assessment of blood acid-base status: bicarbonate concentration ]), pH, base excess (BE) and blood lactate concentration ([La -]). Performance variables of peak power (PP), mean power Communicated by Susan A. Ward. M. Zabala and A. B. Peinado contributed equally to this work.
BMC Public Health, 2012
At present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesity. Both prof... more At present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesity. Both professionals and researchers agree that treatment must also have a multifactorial approach, including diet, physical activity, pharmacology and/or surgical treatment. These two last ones should be reserved for those cases of morbid obesities or in case of failure of the previous ones. The aim of the PRONAF study is to determine what type of exercise combined with caloric restriction is the most appropriate to be included in overweigth and obesity intervention programs, and the aim of this paper is to describe the design and the evaluation methods used to carry out the PRONAF study.
We tested a new portable metabolic system, the Jaeger Oxycon Mobile (OM) at a range of running sp... more We tested a new portable metabolic system, the Jaeger Oxycon Mobile (OM) at a range of running speeds. Six subjects carried out, in random order, two incremental tests on a treadmill, one of them using the OM, and the other using the Jaeger Oxycon Pro (OP). There are systematic errors in the measurements of oxygen consumption (VO2) and respiratory exchange