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Books/Papers by Diego Garcia de Jalon

RESTAURACIÓN DE RÍOS. Guia Metodológica para la Elaboración de Proyectos, 2008

Este documento digital está basado en el contenido del libro del mismo título editado por el Cent... more Este documento digital está basado en el contenido del libro del mismo título editado por el Centro de publicaciones de la Secretaría General Técnica del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y publicado en Diciembre del 2007 con ISBN-I3: 978-84-8320-413-9. Dada la relevancia del tema y las ideas que desarrolla a escala mundial y sobre todo su importante aplicación práctica en la mejora ecológica de los ríos consideramos que es útil su edición digital para que pueda ampliarse su área de distribución y especialmente en el ámbito latino americano.

Restauración de Rios y Riberas, 1998

This is a text book dedicated to the Restoration of Rivers and Riparian Systems. It includes 14 c... more This is a text book dedicated to the Restoration of Rivers and Riparian Systems. It includes 14 chapters groupesd into four parts:

Fluvial Systems: analysis and main components (Hydromorphology, Ecology and Floodplains)
Basic principles on River Restoration
Measures and Technics for the restoration of rivers and its floodplains
River Restoration Projects: Contents and Planning

Proceedings 10th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics, 2014

Water temperature is a central issue in freshwater ecology because it influences on physical, che... more Water temperature is a central issue in freshwater ecology because it influences on physical, chemical and biological processes and, therefore, on organisms that live all the time or part of this in water. Therefore, climate change might drive the availability of suitable habitat for many fish species including brown trout. This paper deals with the mechanics of the effects of Climate Change on thermal performance in two streams in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula (Duero basin) and its consequences on brown trout (Salmo trutta) distribution. Water temperature data were collected by means of 11 thermographs located along the altitudinal gradient of the trout range in the streams. Trout abundance was studied using electrofishing samplings conducted at 37 sites. A high resolution spatio-temporal model was developed to reconstruct the temperature regime of the streams in the past and to simulate its behaviour in the future, using air temperature as the independent variable. The thermal behaviour simulations of the streams were based on the most recent climate change scenarios used in the 5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. According to observations in this study, climate warming might drive a retraction up to 56% of the current brown trout thermal habitat in the studied streams.

Conference Presentations by Diego Garcia de Jalon

Streamflow and temperature regimes are well-known to influence on the availability of suitable ph... more Streamflow and temperature regimes are well-known to influence on the availability of suitable physical habitat for instream biological communities. General Circulation Models (GCMs) have predicted significant changes in timing and geographic distribution of precipitation and atmospheric temperature for the ongoing century. However, differences in these predictions may arise when focusing on different spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, to perform substantiated mitigation and management actions detailed scales are necessary to adequately forecast the consequent thermal and flow regimes. Regional predictions are relatively abundant but detailed ones, both spatially and temporally, are still scarce. The present study aimed at predicting the effects of climate change on the thermal and flow regime in the Iberian Peninsula, refining the resolution of previous studies. For this purpose, the study encompassed 28 sites at eight different mountain rivers and streams in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain). The daily flow was modelled using different daily, monthly and quarterly lags of the historical precipitation and temperature time series. These precipitation-runoff models were developed by means of M5 model trees. On the other hand water temperature was modelled at similar time scale by means of nonlinear regression from dedicated site-specific data. The developed models were used to simulate the temperature and flow regime under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCPs) climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) until the end of the present century by considering nine different GCMs, which were pertinently downscaled.

This study is aimed at forecasting the changes in the suitability of brown trout habitat (Salmo t... more This study is aimed at forecasting the changes in the suitability of brown trout habitat (Salmo trutta L.), caused by alterations in the stream temperature and the flow regime under climate change scenarios. The stream temperature and instantaneous flow in several streams in Central Spain were modelled from daily temperature and precipitation data. Logistic models were used for stream temperature modelling whereas M5' model trees were used to develop the precipitation-runoff models. These models were utilized to simulate the running flows under the climate change scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 (5 th IPCC). The resulting forecasts suggested a different response of the stream temperature to the atmospheric warming in accordance with the geologic nature of basins. At the same time, significant decreases in summer flow and increases in the frequency of zero-flow events were predicted. In the future, significant declines in summer flow could exacerbate the negative impact on trout populations of increased water temperature by reducing both the suitable spatial habitat and the warming resistance of the water mass.

En los últimos años, bajo el requerimiento de la Directiva Marco del Agua y en algunos casos aten... more En los últimos años, bajo el requerimiento de la Directiva Marco del Agua y en algunos casos atendiendo a propuestas formuladas en la Estrategia Nacional de Restauración de Ríos desarrollada por el anterior Ministerio de Medio Ambiente (2007), se han realizado numerosas intervenciones en los ríos bajo el paradigma de “la restauración fluvial”.
En este trabajo se presenta una revisión crítica de muchas de estas actuaciones, algunas de ellas analizadas dentro del Proyecto de investigación FORECASTER (Facilitating the application of Output from REsearch and CAse STudies on Ecological Responses to hydro-morphological degradation and rehabilitation) durante los años 2009 y 2010. Para cada intervención se han considerado las características físicas del río, los objetivos del proyecto, las presiones y los impactos descritos, las medidas propuestas, el presupuesto y plan de ejecución, y el programa de seguimiento y evaluación de los resultados, contando con la información disponible en páginas web, facilitada por los organismos promotores o adquirida a través de visitas de campo a los tramos fluviales correspondientes.
La mayoría de los proyectos analizados responde a una estructura de proyecto de ingeniería civil tradicional, sin incorporar estudios detallados previos de diagnóstico, objetivos concretos de actuación, condiciones de referencias y planes de evaluación, ni considerar los conceptos de “incertidumbre” y gestión adaptativa esenciales en las intervenciones en el medio natural. Comparando las presiones mencionadas en los tramos de proyecto con las medidas en ellos propuestas, se constata una tendencia a reforzar la vegetación de las riberas y la estabilización de los cauces, así como a ignorar la necesidad de mejorar el régimen de caudales circulantes y aumentar la movilidad y dinámica fluvial. Los resultados obtenidos en este análisis ponen en duda el éxito de restauración de tales actuaciones, ante las cuales se formula una reflexión sobre si se dispone del conocimiento necesario para valorar los efectos de dichas actuaciones en el ecosistema fluvial, o si éstas responden a una visión tradicional del funcionamiento de los ríos, reducida a la de un canal que es necesario “estabilizar” y en su caso “revegetar”.

Papers by Diego Garcia de Jalon

River ecosystems are severely affected by dams and reservoirs. The Water Framework Directive stat... more River ecosystems are severely affected by dams and reservoirs. The Water Framework Directive states that polluters should be financially responsible for the caused environmental damage. Nevertheless, the environmental costs associated to flow regulation often are not fully paid by water users. This study presents an approach to value the environmental costs of flow regulation based on the "polluter pays" principle, i.e., the amount to be paid should be proportional to the caused environmental impact. The procedure includes three major steps: (i) assessing the admissible range of regulated flow variability based on flow data during the pre-dam period, (ii) estimating the daily environmental impact of regulated flows according to the resulting hydrological change in terms of the intensity, duration and frequency of the impact, and (iii) calculating the environmental costs of flow regulation subject to spatiotemporal characteristics. This paper applies the proposed methodolog...

Canadian Water Resources Journal, 2003

Journal of Vegetation Science, 2011

Water Resources Management, 2017

Ecological Restoration, 2010

the difference from other Goeridae larvae are indicated. The French Goeridae larvae key (Grenier,... more the difference from other Goeridae larvae are indicated. The French Goeridae larvae key (Grenier, Decamps and Giudicelli 1969) is modified to include this species. The key may be extended to the whole of western Europe, excepting Silo mediterraneus from Sardinia. La larve de Larcasia partita Nav. (Trichoptera). La larve de Larcasia partita Nav. est décrite en détail et les différences avec les autres larves de Goeridae sont indiquées. La clé des larves françaises de Goeridae (Grenier, Decamps et Giudicelli 1969) est modifiée pour inclure l'espèce L. partita; la clé ainsi obtenue peut être étendue à l'ensemble de l'Europe occidentale, à l'exception de Silo mediterraneus de Sardaigne. The adult stage of Larcasia partita Navas was first described by Navas in 1917. Schmid (1949) studied the collection of Navas and made his own description, accepting the genus Larcasia but not the tribe Larcasini. Vera (1973) also included Larcasia in his « Claves de determina-ción de...

The Science of the total environment, Jan 17, 2016

Most flow regime characterizations focus on long time scale flow patterns, which are not precise ... more Most flow regime characterizations focus on long time scale flow patterns, which are not precise enough to capture key components of short-term flow fluctuations. Recent proposed methods describing sub-daily flow fluctuations are focused on limited components of the flow regime being unable to fully represent it, or on the identification of peaking events based on subjectively defined thresholds, being unsuitable for evaluations of short-term flow regime alterations through comparisons between regulated and free-flowing rivers. This study aims to launch an innovative approach based on the visual display of quantitative information to address the challenge of the short-term hydrologic characterization and evaluation of alteration resulting from hydropeaking. We propose a graphical method to represent a discrete set of ecologically relevant indices that characterize and evaluate the alteration of sub-daily flow regimes. The frequency of occurrence of classified values of a descriptive...

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 02705060 1995 9663453, Jan 6, 2011

Structural and trophic changes in a benthic macroinvertebrate community downriver from Valparaíso... more Structural and trophic changes in a benthic macroinvertebrate community downriver from Valparaíso Reservoir (northwestern Spain) were compared before (1986) and after (1990–1991) the creation of that hydropower impoundment. The number of taxonomic groups, total biomass and total density significantly declined under the influence of the new flow regulation, with scrapers (as relative density) being the functional feeding group most adversely

RESTAURACIÓN DE RÍOS. Guia Metodológica para la Elaboración de Proyectos, 2008

Restauración de Rios y Riberas, 1998

Fluvial Systems: analysis and main components (Hydromorphology, Ecology and Floodplains)
Basic principles on River Restoration
Measures and Technics for the restoration of rivers and its floodplains
River Restoration Projects: Contents and Planning

Proceedings 10th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics, 2014

Canadian Water Resources Journal, 2003

Journal of Vegetation Science, 2011

Water Resources Management, 2017

Ecological Restoration, 2010

The Science of the total environment, Jan 17, 2016

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 02705060 1995 9663453, Jan 6, 2011

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, May 1, 1995

Aquat Insect, 1992

Short‐term static bioassays were conducted in duplicate to determine sublethal effects of fluorid... more Short‐term static bioassays were conducted in duplicate to determine sublethal effects of fluoride in soft water (hardness average value of 15.6 mg CaCO3/I) to larvae of Hydropsyche bulbifera, H. exocellata, H. lobata, H. pellucidula and Chimarra marginata (Trichoptera, Insecta). Last instar larvae of each species were exposed to 5–6 different concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) for 4 days. In addition,

El Campo Boletin De Informacion Agraria, 1985

Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015

The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) explicitly requires the full cost recovery of water servic... more The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) explicitly requires the full cost recovery of water services, including the environmental costs incurred from the damage that water uses inflict on the environment. Although flow regulation by river damming is one of the most prominent human impact on fresh water ecosystems its environmental costs are not properly included in water pricing. This paper presents a novel approach to assessing the environmental costs of flow regulation based on the polluter-pays principle. The methodology includes three steps: (i) assessing the admissible range of regulated flow variability, derived from the natural flow regime variability, (ii) estimating the daily environmental impact of regulated flows according to deviations from the admissible range of flow variability, and (iii) calculating the environmental costs of flow regulation. The procedure is applied to four river case studies in Spain, UK and Norway. The advantages over other water cost valuation methods are discussed. The methodology enlarges the current recognition of environmental costs of water use and represents a practical management tool within the WFD context, encouraging transparency and stakeholder communication. Highlights: • A methodology to assess the environmental costs of flow regulation by dams is presented • The polluter-pays principle is applied to calculate costs proportionally to hydrological alterations • The method enlarges the current environmental costs recognition within the WFD • It measures environmental costs of river damming with advantages over stated preference techniques • It represents a practical management tool and encourages transparency and stakeholder communication

Hydroécologie Apliquée, nº14, Vol 1. Pp. 139-159. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/hydro:2004009

"Although more explicit habitat simulation models for calculating instream habitat are being deve... more "Although more explicit habitat simulation models for calculating instream habitat are being developed, current applications of PHABSIM for instream flow assessments are based on average velocities. This article focuses on the behavior of Barbus bocagei (a species native to the Iberian Peninsula) in terms of focal (nose) height and velocities. In a four-year research project, we first surveyed habitat use in four rivers (by underwater observation) and developed site-specific and generalized habitat suitability criteria (category II) for focal velocity and focal height (distance from bed). Second, we
calculated focal velocities from the average in four different ways and computed the consequent errors to compare the models’ precision in the 4 study sites. Third, as a practical approach, habitat criteria for focal velocities were introduced in a selected example, to
measure the changes affecting W.U.A./flow functions. We discuss the problems in implementation and the general consequences for instream flow studies."

Ingeniería hidráulica en México, vol. XXIII, núm. 4, pp. 41-52. 2008.

En el presente trabajo se efectúa la simulación del hábitat físico de un tramo de 609 m del río L... more En el presente trabajo se efectúa la simulación del hábitat físico de un tramo de 609 m del río Lozoya, con la finalidad de estimar la disponibilidad de hábitat potencialmente utilizable (HPU) por
la especie Barbus bocagei (endémica de la península Ibérica), en sus estadios de vida adulto, juvenil y alevín; así como estimar el caudal que maximiza dicho HPU. Para tal efecto, se utilizó el sistema PHABSIM (Physical Habitat Simulation System), el cual forma parte de la metodología IFIM (Instream Flow Incremental Methodology). En el PHABSIM se realiza la simulación del hábitat fluvial utilizando modelos de simulación de la hidrodinámica, del hábitat y modelos de las preferencias de hábitat de la(s) especie(s) objetivo, obteniendo como resultado la evolución del HPU en función del caudal del río, la cual se plasma gráficamente en las curvas caudal-hábitat potencialmente utilizable (Q-HPU); en las que se identificó, para el presente trabajo, que el caudal que maximiza el HPU para los estadios de vida adulto y juvenil de la especie Barbus bocagei es
del orden de 1.45m3/s. En el caso del estadio alevín, la tendencia del HPU es a crecer con el caudal, pero se identifica que en el intervalo de caudales comprendido entre 0.2 y 1.45 m3/s se da el mayor crecimiento. Las curvas Q-HPU proporcionan información valiosa al gestor, y a los diferentes usuarios de los recursos fluviales, para determinar regímenes de caudales ecológicos destinados a la conservación del ecosistema correspondiente.