ZDENEK VANECEK | Palacky University, Olomouc (original) (raw)
Papers by ZDENEK VANECEK
Přispěvek se zabýva pozdně latenskými nalezy z lokality Hněvotin, poloha U zahradek (okr. Olomouc... more Přispěvek se zabýva pozdně latenskými nalezy z lokality Hněvotin, poloha U zahradek (okr. Olomouc), ktere byly ziskany v ramci zachranneho archeologickeho výzkumu v roce 2010. Celkem bylo evidovano osm objektů, z nichž pět bylo možne přiřadit k pozdni době latenske, v jednom připadě, vzhledem k absenci nalezů, byla datace nejasna, jeden naležel patrně k mladsi době bronzove (kultura lužických popelnicových poli) a jeden byl nejspise zviřeciho původu.
Kniha shrnuje udaje o ekologii, biologii, ohroženi a možnostech ochrany 830 druhů a poddruhů cevn... more Kniha shrnuje udaje o ekologii, biologii, ohroženi a možnostech ochrany 830 druhů a poddruhů cevnatých rostlin, ktere jsou v jižni casti Cech ohrožene, vyhynule, nezvěstne ci potencialně ohrožene (nedostatecně dokumentovane). Dale obsahuje detailni rozbor historickeho i recentniho rozsiřeni každeho druhu. Rozsiřeni větsiny taxonů je znazorněno v mapkach. U vybraných druhů jsou texty doplněny fotografiemi.
Výzkum pravěkých dobývek jurských rohovců v Krumlovskem lese pokracoval i po vydani zakladni mono... more Výzkum pravěkých dobývek jurských rohovců v Krumlovskem lese pokracoval i po vydani zakladni monografie (OLIVA 2010) až do roku 2016.Tento přispěvek týka souborů z východni casti II. reviru, ziskaných vletech 2015–16. Archeologicke výzkumy byly doplněny i studiem palynologie a antrakologie.
Quaternary International, 2018
Although charcoal and pollen analyses have been used for many years for the reconstruction of the... more Although charcoal and pollen analyses have been used for many years for the reconstruction of the vegetation history, the combination and comparison of their records is still not commonly used. Our study focuses on the lowland region of Litovelsk e Pomoraví in NE Czech Republic, which is characterised by the presence of long-term human activities. The archaeo-anthracological records were used to reconstruct a species composition of woodland in the vicinity of archaeological sites. This vegetation was characterised by an abundant presence of heliophilous and stress tolerant arboreal taxa. The pedoanthracological record documented a history of local vegetation, which was usually more distant from archaeological sites. Although pedoanthracological profiles were excavated from analogical locations, with the recent dominance of Quercus, the species composition confirmed the importance of environmental differences in the vicinity of the localities. The cluster analysis of our charcoal dataset differentiated six woodland types in the study area, and the pollen analysis provided a record of the vegetation history from another habitat. The pollen analysis reveal not only closed local canopy vegetation but also influence of fire events and human impact on pollen rain. The cross-correlation of archaeoanthracological, pedoanthracological and pollen data provided a comprehensive reconstruction and interpretation of the vegetation history of this lowland habitat.
The Holocene, 2016
The aims of this article are, first, to investigate the middle- and upper-Holocene woodland histo... more The aims of this article are, first, to investigate the middle- and upper-Holocene woodland history along the altitudinal gradient between the lowlands and uplands of Central Europe (190–550 m a.s.l.) and, second, to outline possible biases inherent in the charcoal record based on a comparison with the pollen record and its known biases. Our anthracological data set contains 42,547 determinations made in 120 charcoal samples taken at 69 sites. The lowest elevated part of the study region (below 200 m a.s.l.) is characterized by the long-term presence of a species-rich hardwood forest (mixed oak–elm–ash forest). Quercus charcoals dominated in the rest of the altitude zones during the Neolithic and Aeneolithic; however, shrub charcoals appearing in samples from areas with chernozem soils (generally up to 230 m a.s.l.) indicate open-canopy oak woodlands. The species composition differed along the altitudinal gradient during the Bronze Age period, when Carpinus, Fagus and Abies expanded...
Preslia, 2018
The invasion history of archaeophytes (i.e. alien taxa that were introduced into Europe prior to ... more The invasion history of archaeophytes (i.e. alien taxa that were introduced into Europe prior to AD 1500), their effect on past vegetation and their present status based on their residence time were studied. The residence times of archaeophytes range from 7500 to 500 years. It is likely that species with other functional traits came at different times. We summarized assemblages of macroremains obtained from the Archaeobotanical Database of the Czech Republic. The data based on 202 archaeological sites cover the period from the Neolithic to the Early Middle Ages. We found 123 alien species and 94 synanthropic species native in the Czech Republic. Three waves of immigration of increasing magnitude were distinguished: (i) the Neolithic, (ii) the Bronze Age, and (iii) the Early Middle Ages. The first phase of synanthropic plant immigration was characterized by the prevalence of native and alien generalist species, which are still very abundant, sharing both ruderal and segetal habitats. Specialist weeds of cereal fields occurred only since the Eneolithic. In the ruderal flora, the successive development started from a stage dominated by species associated with disturbance of less fertile soils and species that need nutrient-rich soils prevailed later. The composition of the oldest grassland flora corresponded with that of short lawns at disturbed and/or trampled sites, whereas a sudden increase in meadow species occurred in the Late Bronze Age. Since the Middle Ages, pastural species, avoided by grazing animals, indicate the intense use of pastures and their expansion into wet conditions. The species that arrived early in this era, i.e. in the Neolithic, are currently more successful than the later arrivals. Such a trend cannot be explained by the length of time they have had to naturalize and spread because all archaeophytes have been here long enough, whether they arrived early or late, to be
Applied Vegetation Science, 2014
Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica - Natural Sciences in Archaeology, 2015
According to the core-periphery model of economic geography, the Medieval and Early Modern Czech ... more According to the core-periphery model of economic geography, the Medieval and Early Modern Czech lands can be called a semi-periphery. They are located in a hilly part of central Europe, in the shadows of the world's naval powers. Over the centuries this location has greatly influenced their domestic consumer society, in many ways lacking in self-sufficiency and often having to rely on the import of foreign and exotic goods through a global sales network; amongst these rare goods were different kinds of spices. These imported species, specifically assimilated, became not only an important part of the diet, but also a symbol of luxury. This paper presents the current state of research into exotic spices that have been discovered in archaeological contexts in today's Czech Republic, and illustrates their importance for the interpretation of trade in exotic goods and the historical socio-cultural level of local consumers.
Památky archeologické
Some of the most extraordinary finds from the Early Neolithic period are wooden wells. These cons... more Some of the most extraordinary finds from the Early Neolithic period are wooden wells. These constructions permit unusual insights into Neolithic settlements, their subsistence and environment, as well as into the surrounding landscape. A recent excavation of a Neo lithic settlement at Uničov in central Moravia, Czech Republic, yielded the discovery of a wooden well with a sediment infill from the beginning of the Neolithic period and allowed to study an array of topics by a multi-proxy approach using a set of complementary methods. Our study of the wooden lining demonstrates the carpeting skills of the first farmers, required also for building so-called ‘longhouses’. By comparing dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating, we estimated the time span of the well’s existence. The construction was used repeatedly over a longer time and was finally filled in intentionally. Studies of the well’s infill shed light on its usage and decline, providing a great proxy for the study of living ...
Applied Vegetation Science, 2014
This paper describes distribution and use of barley in prehistory and the Early Middle Ages in th... more This paper describes distribution and use of barley in prehistory and the Early Middle Ages in the context of the development of agriculture
and landscape. Study focused on Central Europe, but also other European areas. Based on the analysis of archaeobotanic findings
of barley, an interesting history of this key crop can be traced – from the introduction of barley into the package of grown plants in
the Neolithic period to the commencement of the top medieval economy. In the period of the oldest farming, barley was only a marginal cereal in Central Europe, however, its frequency and importance gradually rose.
Kvasny Prum. 61, 2015, č. 5, s. 153–158, May 26, 2015
(Article in Czech) The history of the barley use as a raw material for malt- and beer production ... more (Article in Czech) The history of the barley use as a raw material for malt- and beer production in middle ages and early modern era was still in the environment of the Czech lands constructed solely on the basis of archival records and historical pictures. Less importance was given to archaeological finds. Unjustly neglected remained finds of botanical macro remains of barley and barley malt from younger historical epochs, although in the Central European context it is in terms of quantity and quality of the findings a unique fi le. The aim of this article is therefore historical and archaeological context to highlight the benefits of archaeobotany for understanding the history of barley, while the integrity of the present all findings malt barley in Czech Republic.
Papers - Postmedieval archaeology by ZDENEK VANECEK
According to the core-periphery model of economic geography, the Medieval and Early Modern Czech ... more According to the core-periphery model of economic geography, the Medieval and Early Modern Czech
lands can be called a semi-periphery. They are located in a hilly part of central Europe, in the shadows
of the world’s naval powers. Over the centuries this location has greatly influenced their domestic
consumer society, in many ways lacking in self-sufficiency and often having to rely on the import
of foreign and exotic goods through a global sales network; amongst these rare goods were different
kinds of spices. These imported species, specifically assimilated, became not only an important part
of the diet, but also a symbol of luxury. This paper presents the current state of research into exotic
spices that have been discovered in archaeological contexts in today’s Czech Republic, and illustrates
their importance for the interpretation of trade in exotic goods and the historical socio-cultural level
of local consumers.
Papers - Prehistory by ZDENEK VANECEK
Botanically, barleys represent a separate genus of the grass (Poaceae) family with total number o... more Botanically, barleys represent a separate genus of the grass (Poaceae) family with total number of 45 taxa. This study describes the history of barley domestication and barley spread in the Old Word at the end of the last ice age and during the Holocene especially from an archaeobotanical point of view. This article describes the spread of wild barley Hordeum spontaneum and domestication conditions in the Near East and other regions of the Old World. The study then pays attention to a so-called Neolithic package with respect to morphological domestication of barley in the territory of the Near East and spread of this plant in southeastern Europe. Description is based mainly on archaeobotanical evidence of gathering and growing, minor attention is also paid to barley genetic aspects.
Přispěvek se zabýva pozdně latenskými nalezy z lokality Hněvotin, poloha U zahradek (okr. Olomouc... more Přispěvek se zabýva pozdně latenskými nalezy z lokality Hněvotin, poloha U zahradek (okr. Olomouc), ktere byly ziskany v ramci zachranneho archeologickeho výzkumu v roce 2010. Celkem bylo evidovano osm objektů, z nichž pět bylo možne přiřadit k pozdni době latenske, v jednom připadě, vzhledem k absenci nalezů, byla datace nejasna, jeden naležel patrně k mladsi době bronzove (kultura lužických popelnicových poli) a jeden byl nejspise zviřeciho původu.
Kniha shrnuje udaje o ekologii, biologii, ohroženi a možnostech ochrany 830 druhů a poddruhů cevn... more Kniha shrnuje udaje o ekologii, biologii, ohroženi a možnostech ochrany 830 druhů a poddruhů cevnatých rostlin, ktere jsou v jižni casti Cech ohrožene, vyhynule, nezvěstne ci potencialně ohrožene (nedostatecně dokumentovane). Dale obsahuje detailni rozbor historickeho i recentniho rozsiřeni každeho druhu. Rozsiřeni větsiny taxonů je znazorněno v mapkach. U vybraných druhů jsou texty doplněny fotografiemi.
Výzkum pravěkých dobývek jurských rohovců v Krumlovskem lese pokracoval i po vydani zakladni mono... more Výzkum pravěkých dobývek jurských rohovců v Krumlovskem lese pokracoval i po vydani zakladni monografie (OLIVA 2010) až do roku 2016.Tento přispěvek týka souborů z východni casti II. reviru, ziskaných vletech 2015–16. Archeologicke výzkumy byly doplněny i studiem palynologie a antrakologie.
Quaternary International, 2018
Although charcoal and pollen analyses have been used for many years for the reconstruction of the... more Although charcoal and pollen analyses have been used for many years for the reconstruction of the vegetation history, the combination and comparison of their records is still not commonly used. Our study focuses on the lowland region of Litovelsk e Pomoraví in NE Czech Republic, which is characterised by the presence of long-term human activities. The archaeo-anthracological records were used to reconstruct a species composition of woodland in the vicinity of archaeological sites. This vegetation was characterised by an abundant presence of heliophilous and stress tolerant arboreal taxa. The pedoanthracological record documented a history of local vegetation, which was usually more distant from archaeological sites. Although pedoanthracological profiles were excavated from analogical locations, with the recent dominance of Quercus, the species composition confirmed the importance of environmental differences in the vicinity of the localities. The cluster analysis of our charcoal dataset differentiated six woodland types in the study area, and the pollen analysis provided a record of the vegetation history from another habitat. The pollen analysis reveal not only closed local canopy vegetation but also influence of fire events and human impact on pollen rain. The cross-correlation of archaeoanthracological, pedoanthracological and pollen data provided a comprehensive reconstruction and interpretation of the vegetation history of this lowland habitat.
The Holocene, 2016
The aims of this article are, first, to investigate the middle- and upper-Holocene woodland histo... more The aims of this article are, first, to investigate the middle- and upper-Holocene woodland history along the altitudinal gradient between the lowlands and uplands of Central Europe (190–550 m a.s.l.) and, second, to outline possible biases inherent in the charcoal record based on a comparison with the pollen record and its known biases. Our anthracological data set contains 42,547 determinations made in 120 charcoal samples taken at 69 sites. The lowest elevated part of the study region (below 200 m a.s.l.) is characterized by the long-term presence of a species-rich hardwood forest (mixed oak–elm–ash forest). Quercus charcoals dominated in the rest of the altitude zones during the Neolithic and Aeneolithic; however, shrub charcoals appearing in samples from areas with chernozem soils (generally up to 230 m a.s.l.) indicate open-canopy oak woodlands. The species composition differed along the altitudinal gradient during the Bronze Age period, when Carpinus, Fagus and Abies expanded...
Preslia, 2018
The invasion history of archaeophytes (i.e. alien taxa that were introduced into Europe prior to ... more The invasion history of archaeophytes (i.e. alien taxa that were introduced into Europe prior to AD 1500), their effect on past vegetation and their present status based on their residence time were studied. The residence times of archaeophytes range from 7500 to 500 years. It is likely that species with other functional traits came at different times. We summarized assemblages of macroremains obtained from the Archaeobotanical Database of the Czech Republic. The data based on 202 archaeological sites cover the period from the Neolithic to the Early Middle Ages. We found 123 alien species and 94 synanthropic species native in the Czech Republic. Three waves of immigration of increasing magnitude were distinguished: (i) the Neolithic, (ii) the Bronze Age, and (iii) the Early Middle Ages. The first phase of synanthropic plant immigration was characterized by the prevalence of native and alien generalist species, which are still very abundant, sharing both ruderal and segetal habitats. Specialist weeds of cereal fields occurred only since the Eneolithic. In the ruderal flora, the successive development started from a stage dominated by species associated with disturbance of less fertile soils and species that need nutrient-rich soils prevailed later. The composition of the oldest grassland flora corresponded with that of short lawns at disturbed and/or trampled sites, whereas a sudden increase in meadow species occurred in the Late Bronze Age. Since the Middle Ages, pastural species, avoided by grazing animals, indicate the intense use of pastures and their expansion into wet conditions. The species that arrived early in this era, i.e. in the Neolithic, are currently more successful than the later arrivals. Such a trend cannot be explained by the length of time they have had to naturalize and spread because all archaeophytes have been here long enough, whether they arrived early or late, to be
Applied Vegetation Science, 2014
Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica - Natural Sciences in Archaeology, 2015
According to the core-periphery model of economic geography, the Medieval and Early Modern Czech ... more According to the core-periphery model of economic geography, the Medieval and Early Modern Czech lands can be called a semi-periphery. They are located in a hilly part of central Europe, in the shadows of the world's naval powers. Over the centuries this location has greatly influenced their domestic consumer society, in many ways lacking in self-sufficiency and often having to rely on the import of foreign and exotic goods through a global sales network; amongst these rare goods were different kinds of spices. These imported species, specifically assimilated, became not only an important part of the diet, but also a symbol of luxury. This paper presents the current state of research into exotic spices that have been discovered in archaeological contexts in today's Czech Republic, and illustrates their importance for the interpretation of trade in exotic goods and the historical socio-cultural level of local consumers.
Památky archeologické
Some of the most extraordinary finds from the Early Neolithic period are wooden wells. These cons... more Some of the most extraordinary finds from the Early Neolithic period are wooden wells. These constructions permit unusual insights into Neolithic settlements, their subsistence and environment, as well as into the surrounding landscape. A recent excavation of a Neo lithic settlement at Uničov in central Moravia, Czech Republic, yielded the discovery of a wooden well with a sediment infill from the beginning of the Neolithic period and allowed to study an array of topics by a multi-proxy approach using a set of complementary methods. Our study of the wooden lining demonstrates the carpeting skills of the first farmers, required also for building so-called ‘longhouses’. By comparing dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating, we estimated the time span of the well’s existence. The construction was used repeatedly over a longer time and was finally filled in intentionally. Studies of the well’s infill shed light on its usage and decline, providing a great proxy for the study of living ...
Applied Vegetation Science, 2014
This paper describes distribution and use of barley in prehistory and the Early Middle Ages in th... more This paper describes distribution and use of barley in prehistory and the Early Middle Ages in the context of the development of agriculture
and landscape. Study focused on Central Europe, but also other European areas. Based on the analysis of archaeobotanic findings
of barley, an interesting history of this key crop can be traced – from the introduction of barley into the package of grown plants in
the Neolithic period to the commencement of the top medieval economy. In the period of the oldest farming, barley was only a marginal cereal in Central Europe, however, its frequency and importance gradually rose.
Kvasny Prum. 61, 2015, č. 5, s. 153–158, May 26, 2015
(Article in Czech) The history of the barley use as a raw material for malt- and beer production ... more (Article in Czech) The history of the barley use as a raw material for malt- and beer production in middle ages and early modern era was still in the environment of the Czech lands constructed solely on the basis of archival records and historical pictures. Less importance was given to archaeological finds. Unjustly neglected remained finds of botanical macro remains of barley and barley malt from younger historical epochs, although in the Central European context it is in terms of quantity and quality of the findings a unique fi le. The aim of this article is therefore historical and archaeological context to highlight the benefits of archaeobotany for understanding the history of barley, while the integrity of the present all findings malt barley in Czech Republic.
According to the core-periphery model of economic geography, the Medieval and Early Modern Czech ... more According to the core-periphery model of economic geography, the Medieval and Early Modern Czech
lands can be called a semi-periphery. They are located in a hilly part of central Europe, in the shadows
of the world’s naval powers. Over the centuries this location has greatly influenced their domestic
consumer society, in many ways lacking in self-sufficiency and often having to rely on the import
of foreign and exotic goods through a global sales network; amongst these rare goods were different
kinds of spices. These imported species, specifically assimilated, became not only an important part
of the diet, but also a symbol of luxury. This paper presents the current state of research into exotic
spices that have been discovered in archaeological contexts in today’s Czech Republic, and illustrates
their importance for the interpretation of trade in exotic goods and the historical socio-cultural level
of local consumers.
Botanically, barleys represent a separate genus of the grass (Poaceae) family with total number o... more Botanically, barleys represent a separate genus of the grass (Poaceae) family with total number of 45 taxa. This study describes the history of barley domestication and barley spread in the Old Word at the end of the last ice age and during the Holocene especially from an archaeobotanical point of view. This article describes the spread of wild barley Hordeum spontaneum and domestication conditions in the Near East and other regions of the Old World. The study then pays attention to a so-called Neolithic package with respect to morphological domestication of barley in the territory of the Near East and spread of this plant in southeastern Europe. Description is based mainly on archaeobotanical evidence of gathering and growing, minor attention is also paid to barley genetic aspects.