asmadi ishak | Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (original) (raw)

Papers by asmadi ishak

Asian Journal of Sports Medicine

Background: Studies assessing post-activation potentiation (PAP) responses comparing male and fem... more Background: Studies assessing post-activation potentiation (PAP) responses comparing male and female athletes are conflicting. Objectives: This study investigated whether differences exist in the duration for optimal post-preload stimulus measures on performance in male and female team sport athletes. Methods: Twenty-four participants (12 males and 12 females) participated in the study. Two familiarization sessions were conducted with each participant. Then, three experimental conditions were implemented, incorporating a standardized warm-up, followed by back squats (conditioning exercises) and varying passive recovery times of 4 min (PAP4), 8 min (PAP8), or 12 min (PAP12). Following the recovery, players performed three physical performance measures related to team sports: A countermovement jump, a modified agility t-test, and a 20-m linear sprint. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: All performance measures were significantly greater in PAP12 than in PAP4 and P...

International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences

Force-velocity imbalance (FVimb) has been proposed as an effective tool for prescribing training ... more Force-velocity imbalance (FVimb) has been proposed as an effective tool for prescribing training loads to improve physical performance. An optimized training program was used according to individual Fv-profile to decrease FVimb thus indirectly improving sprint performance. This systematic review aimed to study the effectiveness of optimized training based on force-velocity (Fv) profiling in sprint performances among young athletes. The database of Google Scholar, ProQuest, Scopus, and PubMed was conducted in March 2022, and studies published since 1990 were considered for inclusion. A total of 2873 publications were initially identified, of which 6 studies qualify for this review. The studies were independently evaluated for methodological quality and evidence of specific training effects on optimized training. Altogether there were 244 highly or semi-trained athletes (20±5 years,80± 13kg). This review suggests that optimized training based on Fv-profile was more efficient than the generalized training program as 70.1% of participants had improved their jump and sprint performances based on their Fv-profile by reducing their FVimb. However, there is still a limitation to the studies. Future work should focus on critical factors such as training duration, sample size, and immediate assessments to ensure a better performance regarding optimized training based on Fv-profile.

Physical Education Theory and Methodology

Study purpose. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of calisthenics exercis... more Study purpose. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of calisthenics exercise on physical fitness. Materials and methods. 28 obese female students aged 20–30 with a BMI ranging between 30 kg/m2 and 35 kg/m2 were involved in this study. Participants were randomly divided into three groups which comprised a calisthenics exercise group, an aerobic calisthenics exercise and a control group. Sit and reach test (flexibility), sit up test (muscular endurance) and 20-meter shuttle run test (cardiovascular endurance) were measured as physical fitness parameters. All the tests were conducted before and after a 12-week intervention training program. Results. The results of this study indicate that the calisthenics and aerobic calisthenics groups had significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the sit and reach test performance compared to the control group. The aerobic calisthenics group also showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the sit up and 20-metre shuttle run ...

Solid State Technology, Jan 31, 2020

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019

The purpose of this study is to look and review the implementation of Physical Education and Heal... more The purpose of this study is to look and review the implementation of Physical Education and Health (PJK) teaching in secondary schools as well as factors that support teaching and learning. This PJK subject in school covers aspects of infrastructure and equipment as well as teachers' accountability and competency involved in the implementation of the teaching for this subject. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between teacher competency, accountability and teaching experience, options and graduation. The findings also show that there is a significant relationship between school facilities in the teaching and learning process of PJK. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process in Physical Education and Health subjects depends on the competency, accountability of teachers and school infrastructure in planning well teaching sessions.

Annals of Applied Sport Science

Background. The outbreak of Coronavirus-19 or COVID-19 has detrimental effects on the sports indu... more Background. The outbreak of Coronavirus-19 or COVID-19 has detrimental effects on the sports industry. Cancellation of sports training and competitions, movement restriction, and social isolation present an emotional challenge for athletes. Objectives. This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of emotional distress among athletes during the MCO of Covid-19 in Malaysia. Methods. 224 male and 264 female athletes participated in this study in May 2020. The majority of the participants were archers (20.7%), followed by athletics (12.9), netball (8.4%), and badminton (6.6%). An online survey was employed, which consists of three measures: (a) demographic information, (b) Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, and (c) Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10. Results. The results indicated that 7.2% (N=35) of the participants reported severe to extremely severe stress, 20.5% (N=100) of participants experienced severe to extremely severe anxiety, and 10% (N=49) participants reported severe to extremely severe depression. Moreover, Chi-Square analysis revealed no significant differences between the level of stress, anxiety, and depression based on age, gender, and category of sports (individual vs. team sports), except for gender and depression (X 2 (4, N=488) = 12.18, P= 0.016). More female athletes reported severe depression (20.3%) compared to male athletes (13.4%). Conclusion. This finding suggests further assessment, monitoring, and treatment plan for athletes, especially female athletes, to ensure their mental health and emotional wellbeing during this Covid19 pandemic.

International journal of academic research in progressive education and development, Mar 18, 2022

This paper focuses on the effects of different intensity training interventions on the physiologi... more This paper focuses on the effects of different intensity training interventions on the physiological and psychological of young throwing athletes. [Methods]: Randomized controlled trials on the effects of different intensity training interventions on physiological indicators in young throwing athletes were searched by computer using the China Biomedical Literature Database, China Knowledge Network full-text journal database, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China Vipers full-text database, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, by 2 evaluators independently evaluated and cross-checked the quality of the included studies, and the quality of the included studies was evaluated using the quality evaluation method of the Cochrane-Handbook 5.0 manual. Data were collected on the effects of different intensity training interventions on the psychological indicators of young throwing athletes using a questionnaire, and the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software. A meta-analysis of the collected literature data was conducted using RevMan 5.0 software with funnel plots and sensitivity tests. [RESULTS]: The results of the analysis confirmed that a sudden shift based on the absence of high-intensity training is most likely to cause muscle damage. However, excessive training loads can cause increased levels of physical injury and psychological stress in athletes.

European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Nov 24, 2020

PLOS ONE, 2022

The purpose of this research was to establish the optimal recovery duration following a pre-load ... more The purpose of this research was to establish the optimal recovery duration following a pre-load stimulus on performance measures related to handball players. Seventeen senior male University handball players (mean ± SD: age 23.6 ± 2.3 yrs., height 1.79 ± 0.06 m and body mass 72.5 ± 10.7 kg) performed three experimental sessions. All sessions consisted of a standardised warm-up followed by a pre-load stimulus (HSR) back squats followed by a passive rest for either 4-min (PAP4), 8-min (PAP8), or 12-min (PAP12). Following the completion of the passive recovery, players then performed a countermovement jump (CMJ), a 20-m linear sprint and a modified agility t-test. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. There was a significant main effect of passive rest duration after the pre-load stimulus. The PAP12 condition improved CMJ scores (2.3–2.6%; effect size = small), 20-m linear sprint times (3.3–3.7%; effect size = small to moderate) and agility times (1.6–1.9%; effect size = triv...

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Sports injury is a variety of injuries and diseases that occur during physical education and trai... more Sports injury is a variety of injuries and diseases that occur during physical education and training activities. It not only affects the athletes' academic life and physical exercise, but also easily causes bad psychology to the athletes. [Objective]: In this paper, the prevention and treatment measures of sports injuries in youth discus players are studied. [Methods]: Based on the collection and collation of relevant literature, the situation of sports injuries in youth discus players is analysed through questionnaires, and the main parts, nature, types and degrees of sports injuries in youth discus players are summarised, and the causes of the injuries are discussed. [Subjects]: Forty youth discus players (16.8±1.6 yrs) from secondary schools were selected as the subjects of this study. [Results]: The prevention and control measures of sports injuries in youth discus athletes were discussed, the characteristics and causes of sports injuries in youth discus athletes were summarized, and the corresponding prevention and control measures were proposed to provide some reference and reference for the development of youth discus athletes' sports.

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

The purpose of this within-subjects counterbalanced design study is to elucidate the effects of d... more The purpose of this within-subjects counterbalanced design study is to elucidate the effects of different volumes of dynamic stretching on Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA) performance. Thirteen male team sport athletes perfromed a repeated sprint ability test consisting of a maximal 6 x 20 meter sprint (with 30s active recovery between each sprint) following different volumes of dynamic stretching (DSS1, DSS2 and DSS3). The results showed no significant difference for all parameters between all the all dynamic stretching volumes. Results show that any of the dynamic stretching volumes may be used as a warm up prior to the repeated sprints session. However, DSS1 confers some advantage in terms of lesser times, though not statistically significant for BST, MST and TST

This study aimed to compare the effects of different sets of ballistic stretching protocol on rep... more This study aimed to compare the effects of different sets of ballistic stretching protocol on repeated sprint ability (RSA) performance among football players. Fourteen male university football players [age (mean ±SD) 23.4 ± 1.3 years, body mass 70.0 ± 4.8 kg, height 171.6 ± 5.8 cm, body mass index (BMI) 23.4 ± 2.1 kg.m] underwent 4 sessions in the counterbalance design. All sessions included a general warm-up, followed by a ballistic stretching protocol (one set –DSS1; two sets –DSS2; three sets – DSS3) consists of 5 ballistic exercises (gastrocnemius, gluteus maximus, hamstrings, quadriceps femoris and hip extensions). A standardized specific warm-up was then undertaken followed by 5 x 20m with interspersed 30-s active recovery. The finding of study shown a values of total time sprint (TST), mean time sprint (MST) and best time sprint (BST) were significant faster for BSS1 compared to BSS2 and BSS3 (P < 0.05). Fatigue index (FI) was significantly lower in BSS1 compared to BSS2 ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic endurance training and circuit tr... more The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic endurance training and circuit training program on cardiovascular endurance among junior archers. The study involved 21 junior archers (age= 15.0 ± 1.7 years) both from recurve and compound division of Terangganu and Penang State’s team. The sample study was randomly divided into three groups: Aerobic Endurance Training group (AET; n=7), Circuit Training group (CT, n=7) and Control group (CON, n=7). Baselines data on height, body mass (kg), body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (%), cardiovascular endurance (20m Endurance Shuttle Run Test) and VO2 max (maximal oxygen uptake) were collected. The aerobic endurance training program is jogging for 2km in week 1-4, 3km in week 5-8, and 4km in week 9-12. Meanwhile, for the circuit training program included one circuit of ten stations of 30/60 seconds of work/rest interval with two cycles in week 1-4, 40/60 seconds of work/rest interval with three cycles in week 5-8, and ...

This study to investigate the level of goal orientation and tactical knowledge for Kuala Lumpur h... more This study to investigate the level of goal orientation and tactical knowledge for Kuala Lumpur hockey players under 15 years of age at Sekolah Sukan Seri Titiwangsa. A total of 37 players were involved in the study which answered the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) questionnaire and The Tactical Scale Inventory for Sport (TACSIS) which has been translated into Bahasa Malaysia. The data were analysed using two way Anova. The findings show that Kuala Lumpur hockey players below 15 years are more motivated to the task orientation than the ego orientation. Thereafter, there is a significant difference between state and national level to know the action of the ball (Scale A) p <0.05 only. While difference in experience there is no significant difference. The findings of this study can be used as a reference to increase tactical knowledge and encourage athlete to task oriented. Research suggests that sports management focuses on player orientation goals and tac...

Our finding may improve the understanding of Dynamic warm-up protocol with and without weighted v... more Our finding may improve the understanding of Dynamic warm-up protocol with and without weighted vest on fitness performance and may help clinicians develop effective warm-up protocols for sports practice and competition. This paper aims to investigate the effect of dynamic warm-up protocol with and without weighted vest on fitness performance in varsity female athlete. A total of 40 female university athletes were recruited voluntarily. After 5 minutes of jogging, subjects performed dynamic warm-up protocols: (1) Nine moderate-intensity to high-intensity dynamic exercises without weighted vest (DY), (2) the same nine dynamic exercises performed with a vest weighted with 6% of body weight weighted vest (DY6) and (3) the same nine dynamic exercises performed with a vest weighted with 12% of body mass (DY12). The main outcome measures are vertical jump (VJ), standing broad jump jump (SBJ), seated medicine the ball toss (SMBJ), and 20 meter sprint (S). The result showed that VJ performa...

Asian Journal of Sports Medicine

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences

Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji kesan peningkatan beban latihan dalam tiga har... more Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji kesan peningkatan beban latihan dalam tiga hari terakhir fasa taper menggunakan protokol taper eksponen ke atas pemboleh ubah fisiologi, psikologi dan ujian masa 20KM dalam kalangan pelumba basikal remaja. Kajian ini melibatkan kumpulan kawalan dan dua kumpulan eksperimental iaitu kumpulan taper eksponen yang telah diubah suai dan kumpulan taper eksponen biasa. Dua puluh satu pelumba basikal remaja lelaki terlibat dalam kajian ini dan sembilan belas (19) peserta (purata umur = 16.95 ± 0.8 tahun) menamatkan kajian sehingga ke peringkat akhir. Peserta dipadankan berdasarkan nilai pengambilan oksigen maksimum (V02max) dari pengukuran awal dan dibahagikan kepada tiga kumpulan; taper eksponen biasa (NET), taper eksponen yang telah diubah suai (MET) dan kumpulan kawalan (CON). Kedua-dua kumpulan eksperimental menjalani latihan kecergasan berbentuk progresif selama tiga bulan diikuti dengan dua minggu latihan taper. Kumpulan kawalan meneru...

Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 2(1 ): 1–10, 2014 - The aim of this study was to... more Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 2(1 ): 1–10, 2014 - The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a two week reduction in training load on selected physiological and performance among junior cyclist. Twenty seven male junior cyclists (age= 16.6±0.7 years, height=165.6±6.1 cm, weight= 54.1±8.1 kg) were matched into either the control group (n=13) or the experimental group (n=14) using their initial VO2max values. Both groups followed a 12-week progressive endurance training program and subsequently, the experimental group (EXP) engaged in a two week tapering (recovery via a reduction in training loads) phase. The control group continued with their normal training routine. A simulated 20 km time trials performance and a graded exercise test on cycle ergometer were performed before and after endurance training and after the two week tapering protocol. Following the conclusion of the two week intervention or no intervention program both groups undertook a TT20...

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of audio imagery with video modelling on part... more The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of audio imagery with video modelling on participants’ self-efficacy during resistance exercise. Forty five individuals volunteered as research participant and were divided homogenously into imagery with modelling end instruction (EIM) or initial instruction (IIM) groups and a modelling only (M) as control group. During the pre-test all participants employed self-efficacy (SE) of lunges exercise. All participants were provided with the interventions (EIM, IIM, & M) during 10 minutes rest before the first post-test which, all measurements were conducted to look at the acute effects of interventions employed. Participants’ android phones were downloaded with specific intervention according to their group and they were advised to employ the intervention once a day for seven days. The second post-test was conducted consist of all measurements after seven days of intervention duration. For self-efficacy, significant results were recorde...

Asian Journal of Sports Medicine

Background: Studies assessing post-activation potentiation (PAP) responses comparing male and fem... more Background: Studies assessing post-activation potentiation (PAP) responses comparing male and female athletes are conflicting. Objectives: This study investigated whether differences exist in the duration for optimal post-preload stimulus measures on performance in male and female team sport athletes. Methods: Twenty-four participants (12 males and 12 females) participated in the study. Two familiarization sessions were conducted with each participant. Then, three experimental conditions were implemented, incorporating a standardized warm-up, followed by back squats (conditioning exercises) and varying passive recovery times of 4 min (PAP4), 8 min (PAP8), or 12 min (PAP12). Following the recovery, players performed three physical performance measures related to team sports: A countermovement jump, a modified agility t-test, and a 20-m linear sprint. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: All performance measures were significantly greater in PAP12 than in PAP4 and P...

International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences

Force-velocity imbalance (FVimb) has been proposed as an effective tool for prescribing training ... more Force-velocity imbalance (FVimb) has been proposed as an effective tool for prescribing training loads to improve physical performance. An optimized training program was used according to individual Fv-profile to decrease FVimb thus indirectly improving sprint performance. This systematic review aimed to study the effectiveness of optimized training based on force-velocity (Fv) profiling in sprint performances among young athletes. The database of Google Scholar, ProQuest, Scopus, and PubMed was conducted in March 2022, and studies published since 1990 were considered for inclusion. A total of 2873 publications were initially identified, of which 6 studies qualify for this review. The studies were independently evaluated for methodological quality and evidence of specific training effects on optimized training. Altogether there were 244 highly or semi-trained athletes (20±5 years,80± 13kg). This review suggests that optimized training based on Fv-profile was more efficient than the generalized training program as 70.1% of participants had improved their jump and sprint performances based on their Fv-profile by reducing their FVimb. However, there is still a limitation to the studies. Future work should focus on critical factors such as training duration, sample size, and immediate assessments to ensure a better performance regarding optimized training based on Fv-profile.

Physical Education Theory and Methodology

Study purpose. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of calisthenics exercis... more Study purpose. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of calisthenics exercise on physical fitness. Materials and methods. 28 obese female students aged 20–30 with a BMI ranging between 30 kg/m2 and 35 kg/m2 were involved in this study. Participants were randomly divided into three groups which comprised a calisthenics exercise group, an aerobic calisthenics exercise and a control group. Sit and reach test (flexibility), sit up test (muscular endurance) and 20-meter shuttle run test (cardiovascular endurance) were measured as physical fitness parameters. All the tests were conducted before and after a 12-week intervention training program. Results. The results of this study indicate that the calisthenics and aerobic calisthenics groups had significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the sit and reach test performance compared to the control group. The aerobic calisthenics group also showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the sit up and 20-metre shuttle run ...

Solid State Technology, Jan 31, 2020

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019

The purpose of this study is to look and review the implementation of Physical Education and Heal... more The purpose of this study is to look and review the implementation of Physical Education and Health (PJK) teaching in secondary schools as well as factors that support teaching and learning. This PJK subject in school covers aspects of infrastructure and equipment as well as teachers' accountability and competency involved in the implementation of the teaching for this subject. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between teacher competency, accountability and teaching experience, options and graduation. The findings also show that there is a significant relationship between school facilities in the teaching and learning process of PJK. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process in Physical Education and Health subjects depends on the competency, accountability of teachers and school infrastructure in planning well teaching sessions.

Annals of Applied Sport Science

Background. The outbreak of Coronavirus-19 or COVID-19 has detrimental effects on the sports indu... more Background. The outbreak of Coronavirus-19 or COVID-19 has detrimental effects on the sports industry. Cancellation of sports training and competitions, movement restriction, and social isolation present an emotional challenge for athletes. Objectives. This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of emotional distress among athletes during the MCO of Covid-19 in Malaysia. Methods. 224 male and 264 female athletes participated in this study in May 2020. The majority of the participants were archers (20.7%), followed by athletics (12.9), netball (8.4%), and badminton (6.6%). An online survey was employed, which consists of three measures: (a) demographic information, (b) Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, and (c) Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10. Results. The results indicated that 7.2% (N=35) of the participants reported severe to extremely severe stress, 20.5% (N=100) of participants experienced severe to extremely severe anxiety, and 10% (N=49) participants reported severe to extremely severe depression. Moreover, Chi-Square analysis revealed no significant differences between the level of stress, anxiety, and depression based on age, gender, and category of sports (individual vs. team sports), except for gender and depression (X 2 (4, N=488) = 12.18, P= 0.016). More female athletes reported severe depression (20.3%) compared to male athletes (13.4%). Conclusion. This finding suggests further assessment, monitoring, and treatment plan for athletes, especially female athletes, to ensure their mental health and emotional wellbeing during this Covid19 pandemic.

International journal of academic research in progressive education and development, Mar 18, 2022

This paper focuses on the effects of different intensity training interventions on the physiologi... more This paper focuses on the effects of different intensity training interventions on the physiological and psychological of young throwing athletes. [Methods]: Randomized controlled trials on the effects of different intensity training interventions on physiological indicators in young throwing athletes were searched by computer using the China Biomedical Literature Database, China Knowledge Network full-text journal database, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China Vipers full-text database, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, by 2 evaluators independently evaluated and cross-checked the quality of the included studies, and the quality of the included studies was evaluated using the quality evaluation method of the Cochrane-Handbook 5.0 manual. Data were collected on the effects of different intensity training interventions on the psychological indicators of young throwing athletes using a questionnaire, and the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software. A meta-analysis of the collected literature data was conducted using RevMan 5.0 software with funnel plots and sensitivity tests. [RESULTS]: The results of the analysis confirmed that a sudden shift based on the absence of high-intensity training is most likely to cause muscle damage. However, excessive training loads can cause increased levels of physical injury and psychological stress in athletes.

European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Nov 24, 2020

PLOS ONE, 2022

The purpose of this research was to establish the optimal recovery duration following a pre-load ... more The purpose of this research was to establish the optimal recovery duration following a pre-load stimulus on performance measures related to handball players. Seventeen senior male University handball players (mean ± SD: age 23.6 ± 2.3 yrs., height 1.79 ± 0.06 m and body mass 72.5 ± 10.7 kg) performed three experimental sessions. All sessions consisted of a standardised warm-up followed by a pre-load stimulus (HSR) back squats followed by a passive rest for either 4-min (PAP4), 8-min (PAP8), or 12-min (PAP12). Following the completion of the passive recovery, players then performed a countermovement jump (CMJ), a 20-m linear sprint and a modified agility t-test. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. There was a significant main effect of passive rest duration after the pre-load stimulus. The PAP12 condition improved CMJ scores (2.3–2.6%; effect size = small), 20-m linear sprint times (3.3–3.7%; effect size = small to moderate) and agility times (1.6–1.9%; effect size = triv...

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Sports injury is a variety of injuries and diseases that occur during physical education and trai... more Sports injury is a variety of injuries and diseases that occur during physical education and training activities. It not only affects the athletes' academic life and physical exercise, but also easily causes bad psychology to the athletes. [Objective]: In this paper, the prevention and treatment measures of sports injuries in youth discus players are studied. [Methods]: Based on the collection and collation of relevant literature, the situation of sports injuries in youth discus players is analysed through questionnaires, and the main parts, nature, types and degrees of sports injuries in youth discus players are summarised, and the causes of the injuries are discussed. [Subjects]: Forty youth discus players (16.8±1.6 yrs) from secondary schools were selected as the subjects of this study. [Results]: The prevention and control measures of sports injuries in youth discus athletes were discussed, the characteristics and causes of sports injuries in youth discus athletes were summarized, and the corresponding prevention and control measures were proposed to provide some reference and reference for the development of youth discus athletes' sports.

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

The purpose of this within-subjects counterbalanced design study is to elucidate the effects of d... more The purpose of this within-subjects counterbalanced design study is to elucidate the effects of different volumes of dynamic stretching on Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA) performance. Thirteen male team sport athletes perfromed a repeated sprint ability test consisting of a maximal 6 x 20 meter sprint (with 30s active recovery between each sprint) following different volumes of dynamic stretching (DSS1, DSS2 and DSS3). The results showed no significant difference for all parameters between all the all dynamic stretching volumes. Results show that any of the dynamic stretching volumes may be used as a warm up prior to the repeated sprints session. However, DSS1 confers some advantage in terms of lesser times, though not statistically significant for BST, MST and TST

This study aimed to compare the effects of different sets of ballistic stretching protocol on rep... more This study aimed to compare the effects of different sets of ballistic stretching protocol on repeated sprint ability (RSA) performance among football players. Fourteen male university football players [age (mean ±SD) 23.4 ± 1.3 years, body mass 70.0 ± 4.8 kg, height 171.6 ± 5.8 cm, body mass index (BMI) 23.4 ± 2.1 kg.m] underwent 4 sessions in the counterbalance design. All sessions included a general warm-up, followed by a ballistic stretching protocol (one set –DSS1; two sets –DSS2; three sets – DSS3) consists of 5 ballistic exercises (gastrocnemius, gluteus maximus, hamstrings, quadriceps femoris and hip extensions). A standardized specific warm-up was then undertaken followed by 5 x 20m with interspersed 30-s active recovery. The finding of study shown a values of total time sprint (TST), mean time sprint (MST) and best time sprint (BST) were significant faster for BSS1 compared to BSS2 and BSS3 (P < 0.05). Fatigue index (FI) was significantly lower in BSS1 compared to BSS2 ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic endurance training and circuit tr... more The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic endurance training and circuit training program on cardiovascular endurance among junior archers. The study involved 21 junior archers (age= 15.0 ± 1.7 years) both from recurve and compound division of Terangganu and Penang State’s team. The sample study was randomly divided into three groups: Aerobic Endurance Training group (AET; n=7), Circuit Training group (CT, n=7) and Control group (CON, n=7). Baselines data on height, body mass (kg), body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (%), cardiovascular endurance (20m Endurance Shuttle Run Test) and VO2 max (maximal oxygen uptake) were collected. The aerobic endurance training program is jogging for 2km in week 1-4, 3km in week 5-8, and 4km in week 9-12. Meanwhile, for the circuit training program included one circuit of ten stations of 30/60 seconds of work/rest interval with two cycles in week 1-4, 40/60 seconds of work/rest interval with three cycles in week 5-8, and ...

This study to investigate the level of goal orientation and tactical knowledge for Kuala Lumpur h... more This study to investigate the level of goal orientation and tactical knowledge for Kuala Lumpur hockey players under 15 years of age at Sekolah Sukan Seri Titiwangsa. A total of 37 players were involved in the study which answered the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) questionnaire and The Tactical Scale Inventory for Sport (TACSIS) which has been translated into Bahasa Malaysia. The data were analysed using two way Anova. The findings show that Kuala Lumpur hockey players below 15 years are more motivated to the task orientation than the ego orientation. Thereafter, there is a significant difference between state and national level to know the action of the ball (Scale A) p <0.05 only. While difference in experience there is no significant difference. The findings of this study can be used as a reference to increase tactical knowledge and encourage athlete to task oriented. Research suggests that sports management focuses on player orientation goals and tac...

Our finding may improve the understanding of Dynamic warm-up protocol with and without weighted v... more Our finding may improve the understanding of Dynamic warm-up protocol with and without weighted vest on fitness performance and may help clinicians develop effective warm-up protocols for sports practice and competition. This paper aims to investigate the effect of dynamic warm-up protocol with and without weighted vest on fitness performance in varsity female athlete. A total of 40 female university athletes were recruited voluntarily. After 5 minutes of jogging, subjects performed dynamic warm-up protocols: (1) Nine moderate-intensity to high-intensity dynamic exercises without weighted vest (DY), (2) the same nine dynamic exercises performed with a vest weighted with 6% of body weight weighted vest (DY6) and (3) the same nine dynamic exercises performed with a vest weighted with 12% of body mass (DY12). The main outcome measures are vertical jump (VJ), standing broad jump jump (SBJ), seated medicine the ball toss (SMBJ), and 20 meter sprint (S). The result showed that VJ performa...

Asian Journal of Sports Medicine

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences

Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji kesan peningkatan beban latihan dalam tiga har... more Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji kesan peningkatan beban latihan dalam tiga hari terakhir fasa taper menggunakan protokol taper eksponen ke atas pemboleh ubah fisiologi, psikologi dan ujian masa 20KM dalam kalangan pelumba basikal remaja. Kajian ini melibatkan kumpulan kawalan dan dua kumpulan eksperimental iaitu kumpulan taper eksponen yang telah diubah suai dan kumpulan taper eksponen biasa. Dua puluh satu pelumba basikal remaja lelaki terlibat dalam kajian ini dan sembilan belas (19) peserta (purata umur = 16.95 ± 0.8 tahun) menamatkan kajian sehingga ke peringkat akhir. Peserta dipadankan berdasarkan nilai pengambilan oksigen maksimum (V02max) dari pengukuran awal dan dibahagikan kepada tiga kumpulan; taper eksponen biasa (NET), taper eksponen yang telah diubah suai (MET) dan kumpulan kawalan (CON). Kedua-dua kumpulan eksperimental menjalani latihan kecergasan berbentuk progresif selama tiga bulan diikuti dengan dua minggu latihan taper. Kumpulan kawalan meneru...

Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 2(1 ): 1–10, 2014 - The aim of this study was to... more Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 2(1 ): 1–10, 2014 - The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a two week reduction in training load on selected physiological and performance among junior cyclist. Twenty seven male junior cyclists (age= 16.6±0.7 years, height=165.6±6.1 cm, weight= 54.1±8.1 kg) were matched into either the control group (n=13) or the experimental group (n=14) using their initial VO2max values. Both groups followed a 12-week progressive endurance training program and subsequently, the experimental group (EXP) engaged in a two week tapering (recovery via a reduction in training loads) phase. The control group continued with their normal training routine. A simulated 20 km time trials performance and a graded exercise test on cycle ergometer were performed before and after endurance training and after the two week tapering protocol. Following the conclusion of the two week intervention or no intervention program both groups undertook a TT20...

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of audio imagery with video modelling on part... more The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of audio imagery with video modelling on participants’ self-efficacy during resistance exercise. Forty five individuals volunteered as research participant and were divided homogenously into imagery with modelling end instruction (EIM) or initial instruction (IIM) groups and a modelling only (M) as control group. During the pre-test all participants employed self-efficacy (SE) of lunges exercise. All participants were provided with the interventions (EIM, IIM, & M) during 10 minutes rest before the first post-test which, all measurements were conducted to look at the acute effects of interventions employed. Participants’ android phones were downloaded with specific intervention according to their group and they were advised to employ the intervention once a day for seven days. The second post-test was conducted consist of all measurements after seven days of intervention duration. For self-efficacy, significant results were recorde...