Diego Carrión | Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (original) (raw)
Papers by Diego Carrión
Energies
This research proposes a methodology for the optimal location and sizing of reactive compensation... more This research proposes a methodology for the optimal location and sizing of reactive compensation in an electrical transmission system through a deep neural network (DNN) by considering the smallest cost for compensation. An electrical power system (EPS) is subjected to unexpected increases in loads which are physically translated as an increment of users in the EPS. This phenomenon decreases voltage profiles in the whole system which also decreases the EPS’s reliability. One strategy to face this problem is reactive compensation; however, finding the optimal location and sizing of this compensation is not an easy task. Different algorithms and techniques such as genetic algorithms and non-linear programming have been used to find an optimal solution for this problem; however, these techniques generally need big processing power and the processing time is usually considerable. That being stated, this paper’s methodology aims to improve the voltage profile in the whole transmission s...
Energies
This research focuses its efforts on the prediction of medium-term electricity consumption for sc... more This research focuses its efforts on the prediction of medium-term electricity consumption for scenarios of highly variable electricity demand. Numerous approaches are used to predict electricity demand, among which the use of time series (ARMA, ARIMA) and the use of machine learning techniques, such as artificial neural networks, are the most covered in the literature review. All these approaches evaluate the prediction error when comparing the generated models with the data that fed the model, but they do not compare these values with the actual data of electricity demand once these are obtained, in addition, these techniques present high error values when there are unexpected changes in the trend of electricity consumption. This work proposes a methodology to generate an adaptive model for unexpected changes in electricity demand through the use of optimization in conjunction with SARIMA time series. The proposed case study is the electricity consumption in Quito, Ecuador to pred...
Increased demand in the different electrical power systems (EPS) has a negative impact in voltage... more Increased demand in the different electrical power systems (EPS) has a negative impact in voltage stability, reliability and quality of the power supply. Voltage profile is reduced when generation units are not capable of supplying reactive power to the EPS at the times it is required. With the development of power electronics and complex control systems, flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices have been introduced. In this article, the impact of the introduction of a type of FACTS that allows reactive power compensation in the EPS is analyzed in detail. Furthermore, a methodology to decide the capacity of the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and its optimal location with the execution of continuous power flows (CPF) will be analyzed. Finally, the positive impact of installing a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) control to ensure voltage stability in the EPS will be studied. This article is developed using the IEEE 14-bus base system under two mathematic...
Energies
Currently, operating electrical power systems (EPS) is a complex task that relies on the experien... more Currently, operating electrical power systems (EPS) is a complex task that relies on the experience of the operators or the strength of algorithms developed for autonomous operation. The continuous operation of EPS is vulnerable to intentional cybernetic and physical attacks. With the most significant extension and distribution in the EPS, the transmission lines are most exposed to potential attacks. Before this, the entire behavior of the EPS changes, and, on occasions, a blackout can even be generated. The present investigation focused on developing a methodology for reconfiguring the power system against intentional attacks, considering the topology change through optimal switching of transmission lines (OTS) based on optimal DC flows and quantifying the contingency index, which allows for the identification of the weaknesses of the EPS. The methodology was applied to the IEEE 30−bus system, and contingencies were randomly generated, as is typical with intentional attacks. The st...
El aumento de la demanda en los distintos sistemas eléctricos de potencia (SEP) tiene un impacto ... more El aumento de la demanda en los distintos sistemas
eléctricos de potencia (SEP) tiene un impacto negativo
en la estabilidad de la tensión, la confiabilidad y
la calidad del suministro eléctrico. El perfil de tensión
disminuye cuando las unidades de generación no son
capaces de suministrar potencia reactiva al sistema
eléctrico en los momentos que se requiere. Con el desarrollo
de la electrónica de potencia y los complejos
sistemas de control, se han podido introducir dispositivos
de sistemas flexibles de transmisión de corriente
alterna (FACTS, del inglés Flexible Alternating Current
Transmission System). En este artículo se analiza
en detalle el impacto que genera la introducción de
un tipo de FACTS que permite la compensación de
potencia reactiva en el SEP. Además, se analizará
una metodología para decidir la capacidad del compensador
síncrono estático (STATCOM, del inglés
Static Synchronous Compensator) y su ubicación óptima
con la ejecución de flujos de potencia continuos
(FPC). Finalmente, se estudiará el impacto positivo
de la instalación de un control estabilizador de potencia
(PSS, del inglés Power System Stabilizer) para
asegurar la estabilidad de tensión en el SEP. Este
artículo se desarrolla utilizando el sistema base IEEE
de 14 barras bajo dos modelos matemáticos para el
cálculo del flujo de potencia desarrollados en el software
Matlab, que son: i) utilizando las ecuaciones
de balance de potencia y ii) Newton Raphson con el
toolbox de MATLAB (PSAT, del inglés Power System
Analysis Toolbox).
Energies
This research aims to maximize the resilience of an electrical power system after an N−1 continge... more This research aims to maximize the resilience of an electrical power system after an N−1 contingency, and this objective is achieved by switching the transmission lines connection using a heuristic that integrates optimal dc power flows (DCOPF), optimal transmission switching (OTS) and contingencies analysis. This paper’s methodology proposes to identify the order of re-entry of the elements that go out of the operation of an electrical power system after a contingency, for which DCOPF is used to determine the operating conditions accompanied by OTS that seeks to identify the maximum number of lines that can be disconnected seeking the most negligible impact on the contingency index J. The model allows each possible line-switching scenario to be analyzed and the one with the lowest value of J is chosen as the option to reconnect, this process is repeated until the entire power system is fully operational. As study cases, the IEEE 14, 30 and 39 bus bars were selected, in which the pr...
Ingenius
This research focuses on the georeferenced location of distributed resources, specifically the in... more This research focuses on the georeferenced location of distributed resources, specifically the injection of active power through distributed generation. A rural-urban marginal feeder of a distribution company in Ecuador with georeferenced information was taken as a case study, which has a three-phase primary link at a medium voltage and several single-phase branches at a medium voltage of great length to supply users who are far away from the local company's network. Consequently, to analyze the behavior of the electrical network, the Cymdist software was used to perform simulations in a steady state without and with the insertion of distributed generation. For the location of the distributed generation, the voltage collapse prediction index was used as a technique for quantifying and identifying problems in the network nodes. Moreover, based on the proposed methodology, the optimal georeferencing of the sites where it is necessary to inject active power to improve the voltage p...
The measurement of electrical parameters through phasor measurement units in the power systems is... more The measurement of electrical parameters through phasor measurement units in the power systems is fundamental, since the obtained data is used to estimate the state of its operation. In the present investigation the problem arises for the optimal deployment of phasor measurement units regarding restrictions of observability, redundancy and N-1 contingencies. Unit minimization considers the output of a transmission line or the failure of a phasor measurement unit and guarantees 100 % observability of the power system; For the optimization mixed integer linear programming was used. The proposed algorithm was tested with the IEEE test models of 9, 14, 30 and 118 nodes
ABSTRACT The energy consumption in cooking process has direct influence over the economy and soci... more ABSTRACT The energy consumption in cooking process has direct influence over the economy and social and energetic policy of the countries. It is important to analyze the efficiency in cooking processes of the residential sector, due that the percent of consumption compared with the global energy available in a determinate region can get values around 90% of total; when they are fossil fuels. Another important consideration is the velocity of the cooking process. This document shows an analysis the energy and time consumptions in residential cooking process; The study show the comparative between two energy sources like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity by means of a LGP cooker and an induction cooker power limited and unlimited. As a result of the experiments we have compared which technology is more energy efficient and takes less time in the cooking processes. The technology of induction cookers unlimited or limited power of 4 kW showed low energy consumption and reduced cooking times in the analysis.
IEEE Latin America Transactions, 2018
This work presents a methodology to determine the behavior of the power through the networks of t... more This work presents a methodology to determine the behavior of the power through the networks of the Electric Power Systems (SEP) based on the load behavior that can be characterized by the static model ZIP, which has components of constant impedance, constant current and constant power, which are estimated by the method of least squares that are considered as a problem of nonlinear optimization (NLP). The problem approach begins with the location of phasor measurement units (PMUs) within the SEP, posing an optimization problem that is solved by mixed linear programming (MILP) subject to observability constraints. Then an AC power flow is proposed, which is solved by the Newton Raphson approximation algorithm, to determine the initial operating conditions in the bars, where the PMUs are to be installed. Finally, the problem of optimization with least squares is proposed to estimate the coefficients of impedance, current and constant power, which together with the synchrophasor data presented by the PMUs allow to characterize the load in the installation bars and through the characteristics of the load I was able to study the behavior of the power flow through the SEP networks. As a practical case, this methodology is developed in the 9-bar system of the IEEE.
2017 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America), 2017
In the present research, a methodology was developed to determine the faults location in transmis... more In the present research, a methodology was developed to determine the faults location in transmission lines, a hybrid model was developed that combines the advantages of the Relief algorithm with those of the Wavelet Transform in the presence of a contingency. For this, the information of the voltage and current synchrophasors obtained from the PMUs deployed in the power electrical system is used so as to minimize the number of them and to maximize the observability of the electrical system by means of a mixed mixed linear programming (MILP). The proposed method was tested in the 9 and 14 IEEE test systems against contingencies, finding the line with problems and the distance at which the fault occurs.
2017 International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Science (INCISCOS), 2017
In the present paper is shown a methodology for characterization of the electric load carried out... more In the present paper is shown a methodology for characterization of the electric load carried out using as baseline the information obtained from the measurement of the electrical parameters at the medium voltage level by means of the phasorial measurement units (PMUs) and low voltage level by means of the smart meters (SM) in a smart campus. A network topology is also developed for the connection of both PMUs and SMs to the control center using the Ethernet network that is available in the place, the control center is the site where all the optimization algorithms are merged for the energy management system (EMS) on smart campus. Load characterization is done by means of the ZIP model, in which the impedance, current, active and reactive power constants are calibrated. Then, simply with the voltage information obtained from the measurements, the load characterization curve over time is shown. For the location of the PMUs, the clustering technique of k-medoids is used, where the number of clusters represents the number of PMUs in the SEP which is calculated by a MILP optimization considering the 100% observability of the SEP, in terms of the location of SM is performed in each of the substations of the SEP on the low voltage side. Finally, a comparison of load characterization at the medium and low voltage level is performed, obtaining very similar values.
2016 51st International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2016
In this paper, we propose an optimal deployment of phasor measurement units (PMUs), devices that ... more In this paper, we propose an optimal deployment of phasor measurement units (PMUs), devices that allow the measurements of voltage and current parameters in electrical power systems (EPS). We assume a geo-referenced scenery and candidate places for the location of PMU's on each system node. We consider an optimization model to minimize the number of PMU's in the electrical system under a percentage of system observability. We use pseudo-optimal clustering techniques that allow us to contrast with the optimization model where the lowest number of PMUs are activated with the best system observability; therefore, through this research it is proposed an homogeneous group of EPS nodes, considering the minimum and maximum quantity of nodes that belong to the cluster-centroid; furthermore, we consider take the feasible and candidates system nodes, and the maximum link distance is proposed like a restriction, for the PMU placement on each system node, and it is determines which the observability percentage.
2018 International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Science (INCISCOS), 2018
In the present investigation a model of optimal PMU location for electrical power systems under N... more In the present investigation a model of optimal PMU location for electrical power systems under N-1 contingency is proposed; based on constraints of complete observability and redundancy in measurements. A comparison of the location before and after the occurrence of contingencies is made, for which mixed integer linear programming is used as an optimization technique. The optimal solution that minimizes the quantity of PMU deployed in a power system guarantees full observability and maximizes redundancy in case some transmission line or PMU goes out of operation. To test the proposed model, the IEEE test models of 9, 14, 30 and 118 buses were used.
Revista Técnica "Energía", 2015
En esta investigación se presentan los resultados de la selección de materiales para menaje de c... more En esta investigación se presentan los resultados de la selección de materiales para menaje de cocinas de inducción, donde se ha tenido en cuenta la interrelación entre los requisitos de diseño, material y procesado del producto. Se han identificado las propiedades físicas que deben tener, junto con las restricciones para la salud, apariencia, costo de material y procesado, así como, la capacidad de adaptar los procesos de fabricación para realizar el menaje por parte de la industria de Ecuador. A continuación, se han identificado materiales candidatos que cumplen con los requerimientos anteriores como el caso del AISI 430 o los aceros electromagnéticos, así como, materiales que suelen utilizarse en el menaje. Por último, se han utilizado distintos modelos de selección de materiales como el método Pugh, Dominic y Pahl-Beitz, que permitieron elegir los mejores materiales para el proceso. Los resultados muestran la existencia de tres configuraciones de materiales candidatos como son:...
Ingenius, 2013
El presente artículo hace referencia a las diferentes maneras de generar electricidad en los sist... more El presente artículo hace referencia a las diferentes maneras de generar electricidad en los sistemas de generación distribuida, creando microredes eléctricas las cuales necesitan sistemas de gestión de electricidad.La generación distribuida se ha convertido en la mejor alternativa para reducir el consumo de energía en las edificaciones y también para generar ingresos económicos adicionales. La importancia de generar electricidad desde las propias edificaciones ha hecho que el ser humano vaya elaborando distintos dispositivos para aprovechar las diferentes y variadas energías, siendo las más usuales: la solar y eólica. El aprovechamiento del movimiento de las máquinas estáticas para hacer ejercicio es una nueva fuente para generar electricidad, muy poco aprovechada y por ello es necesario verificar como es su comportamiento asociada a una microred eléctrica y al sistema de gestión energética. Al finalizar este proyecto, se tendrá un enfoque como punto de partida para futuras investi...
IEEE Latin America Transactions, 2016
This paper presents an optimization model based on minimum spanning tree required to deploy phaso... more This paper presents an optimization model based on minimum spanning tree required to deploy phasor measurement units PMU throughout the power system. Each candidate site for a PMU is placed at random from georeferenced form and possible links between each release candidate site; therefore. The proposed algorithm allows to optimize the connections between each of the PMUs through the minimum spanning tree. The optimum placement of each PMU will facilitate failure analysis power system with the minimum cost for resources used. The work presented is based on the concept of smart grids seeking efficiency and reliability of the power system.
IEEE Latin America Transactions, 2015
This article proposes an analysis of energy losses in distribution circuits with asymmetric topol... more This article proposes an analysis of energy losses in distribution circuits with asymmetric topologies, starting from mathematical comparisons of the parameters of electrical losses among the three constructive approaches for distribution networks (monophasic, biphasic and three-phase). Approximations, that allow us to know asymmetric loss factors, will be established in order to develop appropriate criteria of designs in distribution networks that feed transformers purely monophasic, depending on the charge states, caliber of drivers and distances of the lines; thus minimizing the losses of energy due to unbalanced construction concept. These obtained factors provide a tool for the optimum design of more efficient networks, either to correct inefficient systems with high levels of losses, which are already in operation, or for new electrical investments projects pointing to the development of future smart grids with high energy efficiency.
Energy Procedia, 2015
The efficient use of energy is a priority when a technology migration plan is being executed. Sev... more The efficient use of energy is a priority when a technology migration plan is being executed. Several factors must be taken into account in order to achieve this goal. In this paper the migration from liquefied petroleum gas based cookers to electric induction cookers is analyzed, emphasizing on the selection of the best material to produce the cookware suitable for induction cookers in terms of energy saving and performance. To accomplish this study, several tests have been performed in three kind of pots made of different materials: stainless steel, cast iron and aluminium. These tests have allowed to evaluate some material properties as rust resistance, structural stability of pot bottom under thermal impact conditions, energy efficiency measurements in different body cookware materials, energy efficiency with different distances between induction zone and pot bottom, relation between energy efficiency and initial measurements of concavity/convexity and energy efficiency before and after thermal impact conditions. After completing this research, it has been found that the enameled cast iron and the stainless steel present higher efficiency in the same stove.
2013 Workshop on Power Electronics and Power Quality Applications (PEPQA), 2013
ABSTRACT This paper presents different ways to make lighting controls, a review of the various ty... more ABSTRACT This paper presents different ways to make lighting controls, a review of the various types of luminaires, lighting control modes and equipment used for the management of residential lighting. The goal of the management of lighting will be have a reduction in energy consumption and an increase in the useful life of the luminaries. To analyze the energy consumption of dimmers for lights was used equipment for power measurements; with this data was obtained algorithms behavior of the power consumed in relation to the rates of attenuation, thereby being able to predict the energy savings according attenuation of the luminaries. Finally it was concluded that the savings in paying the electricity bill is directly proportional to the level of attenuation of the luminaries.
Energies
This research proposes a methodology for the optimal location and sizing of reactive compensation... more This research proposes a methodology for the optimal location and sizing of reactive compensation in an electrical transmission system through a deep neural network (DNN) by considering the smallest cost for compensation. An electrical power system (EPS) is subjected to unexpected increases in loads which are physically translated as an increment of users in the EPS. This phenomenon decreases voltage profiles in the whole system which also decreases the EPS’s reliability. One strategy to face this problem is reactive compensation; however, finding the optimal location and sizing of this compensation is not an easy task. Different algorithms and techniques such as genetic algorithms and non-linear programming have been used to find an optimal solution for this problem; however, these techniques generally need big processing power and the processing time is usually considerable. That being stated, this paper’s methodology aims to improve the voltage profile in the whole transmission s...
Energies
This research focuses its efforts on the prediction of medium-term electricity consumption for sc... more This research focuses its efforts on the prediction of medium-term electricity consumption for scenarios of highly variable electricity demand. Numerous approaches are used to predict electricity demand, among which the use of time series (ARMA, ARIMA) and the use of machine learning techniques, such as artificial neural networks, are the most covered in the literature review. All these approaches evaluate the prediction error when comparing the generated models with the data that fed the model, but they do not compare these values with the actual data of electricity demand once these are obtained, in addition, these techniques present high error values when there are unexpected changes in the trend of electricity consumption. This work proposes a methodology to generate an adaptive model for unexpected changes in electricity demand through the use of optimization in conjunction with SARIMA time series. The proposed case study is the electricity consumption in Quito, Ecuador to pred...
Increased demand in the different electrical power systems (EPS) has a negative impact in voltage... more Increased demand in the different electrical power systems (EPS) has a negative impact in voltage stability, reliability and quality of the power supply. Voltage profile is reduced when generation units are not capable of supplying reactive power to the EPS at the times it is required. With the development of power electronics and complex control systems, flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices have been introduced. In this article, the impact of the introduction of a type of FACTS that allows reactive power compensation in the EPS is analyzed in detail. Furthermore, a methodology to decide the capacity of the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and its optimal location with the execution of continuous power flows (CPF) will be analyzed. Finally, the positive impact of installing a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) control to ensure voltage stability in the EPS will be studied. This article is developed using the IEEE 14-bus base system under two mathematic...
Energies
Currently, operating electrical power systems (EPS) is a complex task that relies on the experien... more Currently, operating electrical power systems (EPS) is a complex task that relies on the experience of the operators or the strength of algorithms developed for autonomous operation. The continuous operation of EPS is vulnerable to intentional cybernetic and physical attacks. With the most significant extension and distribution in the EPS, the transmission lines are most exposed to potential attacks. Before this, the entire behavior of the EPS changes, and, on occasions, a blackout can even be generated. The present investigation focused on developing a methodology for reconfiguring the power system against intentional attacks, considering the topology change through optimal switching of transmission lines (OTS) based on optimal DC flows and quantifying the contingency index, which allows for the identification of the weaknesses of the EPS. The methodology was applied to the IEEE 30−bus system, and contingencies were randomly generated, as is typical with intentional attacks. The st...
El aumento de la demanda en los distintos sistemas eléctricos de potencia (SEP) tiene un impacto ... more El aumento de la demanda en los distintos sistemas
eléctricos de potencia (SEP) tiene un impacto negativo
en la estabilidad de la tensión, la confiabilidad y
la calidad del suministro eléctrico. El perfil de tensión
disminuye cuando las unidades de generación no son
capaces de suministrar potencia reactiva al sistema
eléctrico en los momentos que se requiere. Con el desarrollo
de la electrónica de potencia y los complejos
sistemas de control, se han podido introducir dispositivos
de sistemas flexibles de transmisión de corriente
alterna (FACTS, del inglés Flexible Alternating Current
Transmission System). En este artículo se analiza
en detalle el impacto que genera la introducción de
un tipo de FACTS que permite la compensación de
potencia reactiva en el SEP. Además, se analizará
una metodología para decidir la capacidad del compensador
síncrono estático (STATCOM, del inglés
Static Synchronous Compensator) y su ubicación óptima
con la ejecución de flujos de potencia continuos
(FPC). Finalmente, se estudiará el impacto positivo
de la instalación de un control estabilizador de potencia
(PSS, del inglés Power System Stabilizer) para
asegurar la estabilidad de tensión en el SEP. Este
artículo se desarrolla utilizando el sistema base IEEE
de 14 barras bajo dos modelos matemáticos para el
cálculo del flujo de potencia desarrollados en el software
Matlab, que son: i) utilizando las ecuaciones
de balance de potencia y ii) Newton Raphson con el
toolbox de MATLAB (PSAT, del inglés Power System
Analysis Toolbox).
Energies
This research aims to maximize the resilience of an electrical power system after an N−1 continge... more This research aims to maximize the resilience of an electrical power system after an N−1 contingency, and this objective is achieved by switching the transmission lines connection using a heuristic that integrates optimal dc power flows (DCOPF), optimal transmission switching (OTS) and contingencies analysis. This paper’s methodology proposes to identify the order of re-entry of the elements that go out of the operation of an electrical power system after a contingency, for which DCOPF is used to determine the operating conditions accompanied by OTS that seeks to identify the maximum number of lines that can be disconnected seeking the most negligible impact on the contingency index J. The model allows each possible line-switching scenario to be analyzed and the one with the lowest value of J is chosen as the option to reconnect, this process is repeated until the entire power system is fully operational. As study cases, the IEEE 14, 30 and 39 bus bars were selected, in which the pr...
Ingenius
This research focuses on the georeferenced location of distributed resources, specifically the in... more This research focuses on the georeferenced location of distributed resources, specifically the injection of active power through distributed generation. A rural-urban marginal feeder of a distribution company in Ecuador with georeferenced information was taken as a case study, which has a three-phase primary link at a medium voltage and several single-phase branches at a medium voltage of great length to supply users who are far away from the local company's network. Consequently, to analyze the behavior of the electrical network, the Cymdist software was used to perform simulations in a steady state without and with the insertion of distributed generation. For the location of the distributed generation, the voltage collapse prediction index was used as a technique for quantifying and identifying problems in the network nodes. Moreover, based on the proposed methodology, the optimal georeferencing of the sites where it is necessary to inject active power to improve the voltage p...
The measurement of electrical parameters through phasor measurement units in the power systems is... more The measurement of electrical parameters through phasor measurement units in the power systems is fundamental, since the obtained data is used to estimate the state of its operation. In the present investigation the problem arises for the optimal deployment of phasor measurement units regarding restrictions of observability, redundancy and N-1 contingencies. Unit minimization considers the output of a transmission line or the failure of a phasor measurement unit and guarantees 100 % observability of the power system; For the optimization mixed integer linear programming was used. The proposed algorithm was tested with the IEEE test models of 9, 14, 30 and 118 nodes
ABSTRACT The energy consumption in cooking process has direct influence over the economy and soci... more ABSTRACT The energy consumption in cooking process has direct influence over the economy and social and energetic policy of the countries. It is important to analyze the efficiency in cooking processes of the residential sector, due that the percent of consumption compared with the global energy available in a determinate region can get values around 90% of total; when they are fossil fuels. Another important consideration is the velocity of the cooking process. This document shows an analysis the energy and time consumptions in residential cooking process; The study show the comparative between two energy sources like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity by means of a LGP cooker and an induction cooker power limited and unlimited. As a result of the experiments we have compared which technology is more energy efficient and takes less time in the cooking processes. The technology of induction cookers unlimited or limited power of 4 kW showed low energy consumption and reduced cooking times in the analysis.
IEEE Latin America Transactions, 2018
This work presents a methodology to determine the behavior of the power through the networks of t... more This work presents a methodology to determine the behavior of the power through the networks of the Electric Power Systems (SEP) based on the load behavior that can be characterized by the static model ZIP, which has components of constant impedance, constant current and constant power, which are estimated by the method of least squares that are considered as a problem of nonlinear optimization (NLP). The problem approach begins with the location of phasor measurement units (PMUs) within the SEP, posing an optimization problem that is solved by mixed linear programming (MILP) subject to observability constraints. Then an AC power flow is proposed, which is solved by the Newton Raphson approximation algorithm, to determine the initial operating conditions in the bars, where the PMUs are to be installed. Finally, the problem of optimization with least squares is proposed to estimate the coefficients of impedance, current and constant power, which together with the synchrophasor data presented by the PMUs allow to characterize the load in the installation bars and through the characteristics of the load I was able to study the behavior of the power flow through the SEP networks. As a practical case, this methodology is developed in the 9-bar system of the IEEE.
2017 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America), 2017
In the present research, a methodology was developed to determine the faults location in transmis... more In the present research, a methodology was developed to determine the faults location in transmission lines, a hybrid model was developed that combines the advantages of the Relief algorithm with those of the Wavelet Transform in the presence of a contingency. For this, the information of the voltage and current synchrophasors obtained from the PMUs deployed in the power electrical system is used so as to minimize the number of them and to maximize the observability of the electrical system by means of a mixed mixed linear programming (MILP). The proposed method was tested in the 9 and 14 IEEE test systems against contingencies, finding the line with problems and the distance at which the fault occurs.
2017 International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Science (INCISCOS), 2017
In the present paper is shown a methodology for characterization of the electric load carried out... more In the present paper is shown a methodology for characterization of the electric load carried out using as baseline the information obtained from the measurement of the electrical parameters at the medium voltage level by means of the phasorial measurement units (PMUs) and low voltage level by means of the smart meters (SM) in a smart campus. A network topology is also developed for the connection of both PMUs and SMs to the control center using the Ethernet network that is available in the place, the control center is the site where all the optimization algorithms are merged for the energy management system (EMS) on smart campus. Load characterization is done by means of the ZIP model, in which the impedance, current, active and reactive power constants are calibrated. Then, simply with the voltage information obtained from the measurements, the load characterization curve over time is shown. For the location of the PMUs, the clustering technique of k-medoids is used, where the number of clusters represents the number of PMUs in the SEP which is calculated by a MILP optimization considering the 100% observability of the SEP, in terms of the location of SM is performed in each of the substations of the SEP on the low voltage side. Finally, a comparison of load characterization at the medium and low voltage level is performed, obtaining very similar values.
2016 51st International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2016
In this paper, we propose an optimal deployment of phasor measurement units (PMUs), devices that ... more In this paper, we propose an optimal deployment of phasor measurement units (PMUs), devices that allow the measurements of voltage and current parameters in electrical power systems (EPS). We assume a geo-referenced scenery and candidate places for the location of PMU's on each system node. We consider an optimization model to minimize the number of PMU's in the electrical system under a percentage of system observability. We use pseudo-optimal clustering techniques that allow us to contrast with the optimization model where the lowest number of PMUs are activated with the best system observability; therefore, through this research it is proposed an homogeneous group of EPS nodes, considering the minimum and maximum quantity of nodes that belong to the cluster-centroid; furthermore, we consider take the feasible and candidates system nodes, and the maximum link distance is proposed like a restriction, for the PMU placement on each system node, and it is determines which the observability percentage.
2018 International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Science (INCISCOS), 2018
In the present investigation a model of optimal PMU location for electrical power systems under N... more In the present investigation a model of optimal PMU location for electrical power systems under N-1 contingency is proposed; based on constraints of complete observability and redundancy in measurements. A comparison of the location before and after the occurrence of contingencies is made, for which mixed integer linear programming is used as an optimization technique. The optimal solution that minimizes the quantity of PMU deployed in a power system guarantees full observability and maximizes redundancy in case some transmission line or PMU goes out of operation. To test the proposed model, the IEEE test models of 9, 14, 30 and 118 buses were used.
Revista Técnica "Energía", 2015
En esta investigación se presentan los resultados de la selección de materiales para menaje de c... more En esta investigación se presentan los resultados de la selección de materiales para menaje de cocinas de inducción, donde se ha tenido en cuenta la interrelación entre los requisitos de diseño, material y procesado del producto. Se han identificado las propiedades físicas que deben tener, junto con las restricciones para la salud, apariencia, costo de material y procesado, así como, la capacidad de adaptar los procesos de fabricación para realizar el menaje por parte de la industria de Ecuador. A continuación, se han identificado materiales candidatos que cumplen con los requerimientos anteriores como el caso del AISI 430 o los aceros electromagnéticos, así como, materiales que suelen utilizarse en el menaje. Por último, se han utilizado distintos modelos de selección de materiales como el método Pugh, Dominic y Pahl-Beitz, que permitieron elegir los mejores materiales para el proceso. Los resultados muestran la existencia de tres configuraciones de materiales candidatos como son:...
Ingenius, 2013
El presente artículo hace referencia a las diferentes maneras de generar electricidad en los sist... more El presente artículo hace referencia a las diferentes maneras de generar electricidad en los sistemas de generación distribuida, creando microredes eléctricas las cuales necesitan sistemas de gestión de electricidad.La generación distribuida se ha convertido en la mejor alternativa para reducir el consumo de energía en las edificaciones y también para generar ingresos económicos adicionales. La importancia de generar electricidad desde las propias edificaciones ha hecho que el ser humano vaya elaborando distintos dispositivos para aprovechar las diferentes y variadas energías, siendo las más usuales: la solar y eólica. El aprovechamiento del movimiento de las máquinas estáticas para hacer ejercicio es una nueva fuente para generar electricidad, muy poco aprovechada y por ello es necesario verificar como es su comportamiento asociada a una microred eléctrica y al sistema de gestión energética. Al finalizar este proyecto, se tendrá un enfoque como punto de partida para futuras investi...
IEEE Latin America Transactions, 2016
This paper presents an optimization model based on minimum spanning tree required to deploy phaso... more This paper presents an optimization model based on minimum spanning tree required to deploy phasor measurement units PMU throughout the power system. Each candidate site for a PMU is placed at random from georeferenced form and possible links between each release candidate site; therefore. The proposed algorithm allows to optimize the connections between each of the PMUs through the minimum spanning tree. The optimum placement of each PMU will facilitate failure analysis power system with the minimum cost for resources used. The work presented is based on the concept of smart grids seeking efficiency and reliability of the power system.
IEEE Latin America Transactions, 2015
This article proposes an analysis of energy losses in distribution circuits with asymmetric topol... more This article proposes an analysis of energy losses in distribution circuits with asymmetric topologies, starting from mathematical comparisons of the parameters of electrical losses among the three constructive approaches for distribution networks (monophasic, biphasic and three-phase). Approximations, that allow us to know asymmetric loss factors, will be established in order to develop appropriate criteria of designs in distribution networks that feed transformers purely monophasic, depending on the charge states, caliber of drivers and distances of the lines; thus minimizing the losses of energy due to unbalanced construction concept. These obtained factors provide a tool for the optimum design of more efficient networks, either to correct inefficient systems with high levels of losses, which are already in operation, or for new electrical investments projects pointing to the development of future smart grids with high energy efficiency.
Energy Procedia, 2015
The efficient use of energy is a priority when a technology migration plan is being executed. Sev... more The efficient use of energy is a priority when a technology migration plan is being executed. Several factors must be taken into account in order to achieve this goal. In this paper the migration from liquefied petroleum gas based cookers to electric induction cookers is analyzed, emphasizing on the selection of the best material to produce the cookware suitable for induction cookers in terms of energy saving and performance. To accomplish this study, several tests have been performed in three kind of pots made of different materials: stainless steel, cast iron and aluminium. These tests have allowed to evaluate some material properties as rust resistance, structural stability of pot bottom under thermal impact conditions, energy efficiency measurements in different body cookware materials, energy efficiency with different distances between induction zone and pot bottom, relation between energy efficiency and initial measurements of concavity/convexity and energy efficiency before and after thermal impact conditions. After completing this research, it has been found that the enameled cast iron and the stainless steel present higher efficiency in the same stove.
2013 Workshop on Power Electronics and Power Quality Applications (PEPQA), 2013
ABSTRACT This paper presents different ways to make lighting controls, a review of the various ty... more ABSTRACT This paper presents different ways to make lighting controls, a review of the various types of luminaires, lighting control modes and equipment used for the management of residential lighting. The goal of the management of lighting will be have a reduction in energy consumption and an increase in the useful life of the luminaries. To analyze the energy consumption of dimmers for lights was used equipment for power measurements; with this data was obtained algorithms behavior of the power consumed in relation to the rates of attenuation, thereby being able to predict the energy savings according attenuation of the luminaries. Finally it was concluded that the savings in paying the electricity bill is directly proportional to the level of attenuation of the luminaries.