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Papers by Dr Bharat Raj Singh
This Paper investigates the flow inside an S- Shaped square Duct. In this paper, a computational ... more This Paper investigates the flow inside an S- Shaped square Duct. In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of fully developed turbulent flow(k- model) is implemented with the help of FLUENT software and the variation of pressure along the length of bend with variation in Reynolds number is analyzed. The curvatures is investigated at Reynolds
numbers Re=4.73x104 and 1.47x105. A non-dimensional parameter ω, defined as the total pressure loss coefficient is analyzed for finding out the total pressure loss in the duct. Cp Data obtained from the simulation of S-shaped ducts show that there is flow separation at the near side wall of the first
bend and far side wall of the second bend. At high Reynolds number separation is more dominant near junction of bend as compare to low Reynolds number flow. To improve the flow in S-ducts, vortex generators as flow control methods is implemented. This methods shown to be effective in suppressing flow separation and reducing total pressure loss.
Global Warming is now becoming a challenge for survival of species on Earth and draws attention ... more Global Warming is now becoming a challenge for survival of species on Earth and draws attention of many modern societies, power and energy engineers, academicians, researchers and stakeholders to go for deeper study. Almost all countries are required to act
fast and attend to major problems of depletion of fossil fuel resources, poor energy efficiency and environmental pollution and its dire consequences on priority. This book is written
to create awareness of the energy engineers, academicians, researchers, industry personnel
and society as a whole, and to emphasize current status of global warming and its impact on climate changes. We all know that humanity is at risk due to Greenhouse gases which are the
main source of Global Warming . Our beautiful planet is being destroyed, due to excessive
exploitation of Earth’s resources from its reservoirs and other serious man-made problems. The main objective of this book is to produce a good documentation from the point of view
of knowledge seekers or public readers at large, and also those who are eager to know more
about Global Warming and its impact on the Climate Changes, besides those who have raisen their voice for its remedial measures. Present state of environmental damage and continuous occurrence of natural disasters have made the environmentalist and scientists inevitable
for their extensive study, and to carry out detailed analysis of the following threats faced by civilization across the entire globe due to global warming:
i). Is Global Warming caused by human activity?
ii). What are Greenhouse Gases?
iii). Fast shrinkage of polar ice may leave us with no ice by summer 2040.
iv). Fast rise of the Sea Level.
v). Danger for species like polar bear, etc.
vi). Ice sheets, where they meet at the Atlantic sea. This area may be affected by cold waves, heavy snow falls and intense storms.
vii). Permafrost may create further warming which cannot be reversed.
The Global Warming is increasing Earth's average surface temperature, due to the effect of Greenhouse gases such as: Carbon dioxide through emissions produced from burning of
fossil fuels or from deforestation, which traps heat that would otherwise escape the Earth.
This is a type of Greenhouse effect . The most significant Greenhouse gas is actually Water Vapor , not something produced directly by humankind in significant amounts. However,
even slight increase in atmospheric levels of Carbon dioxide (CO2) can cause a substantial increase in Earth’s atmospheric temperature. The ultimate effects, which we are likely to be
faced as 21 st century.
Environmentalist and Scientists are now of the opinion that the entire globe may face threats of:... more Environmentalist and Scientists are now of the opinion that the entire globe may face threats
of: fast shrinkage of polar ice due to its melting and may eventually diminish by 2040, fast rise
in the sea level, danger for species like: polar bears, penguins etc., northern portion of Canada,
USA and UK may be affected by cold waves, heavy snow falls and storms due to shifting and
melting of largest ice sheets in the Atlantic sea.
Scientists warn that the warming in the region of Arctic is due to the increment of Permafrost
which is also one cause of the Tundra fires. The warming this way cannot be hence reversed
and thus the entire Arctic region may turn into a dangerous source of methane from a vast
carbon sink in less than a decade.
In view of better identification and prediction of the melting and rising of the sea level a
continuous monitoring via satellite is needed, according to the findings published in Nature Geoscience. According to a survey and readings, the ice sheet covering Antarctica and
Greenland contain about 99.5 percent of the earth’s glacier ice that has the potential to raise
the sea level by 63m (about 200 ft.), if melted completely
This entire action may lead to shift of heavy movement of masses of the Arctic sheets to sea
and may likely to have an effect on the spinning angle of the earth due to differential changes
in masses apart from the above mentioned threats.
Present state of environment and continuous occurrence of natural disasters has made ... more Present state of environment and continuous occurrence of natural disasters has made it
inevitable for the environmentalists and scientists to extensively study and carry out detailed
analysis of the following threats faced by civilization across the entire globe:
• Fast shrinkage of the polar ice and by 2040, there will be no polar ice seen during summer.
• Fast rise in the Sea Level,
• Danger for species like: polar bear etc.
• Ice sheets, where it meets the Atlantic sea, that this area may be affected by cold waves,
heavy snow falls and intense storms.
• Permafrost may create further warming which cannot be reversed.
Thus, it is essential to act promptly to avoid further catastrophic warming and stabilize the
planet on which all lives depend, as permafrost’s melt is a potential source of runaway global
warming.
In this paper, authors are focusing mainly on the shrinkage of the polar ice and its serious
effects on humanities, especially in January to March in USA and UK as well as on the entire
global lively hoods.
International Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 3:4 2009, Apr 25, 2009
In view of fast depleting fossil fuel reserves, the major thrust has now been laid upon search of... more In view of fast depleting fossil fuel reserves, the major thrust has now been laid upon search of alternative energy source and also for cost effective energy conversion system. The compressed air
can be utilized as potential working fluid for producing shaft work in the air turbine, thus offering the capability of being a early zero pollution fuel. Such air turbine can be used as prime-mover to light vehicles or motorbikes. This paper details with the mathematical modeling and performance evaluation of a small capacity compressed air driven vaned type novel air turbine. Effect of expansion action and flow power at high pressure air for varying injection angle in turbine have been quantified and analyzed here. Study shows that the total shaft work output comprises of expansion work and flow work. In which major contribution is that of expansion work and flow work constitute up to 15.0% of the total work output. The injection angle has been varied from 10o- 80o at the interval of 10o for air admission pressure of 6 bar, vane angle varying as 30o, 45o, 60o, 90o, 120o for the number of vanes being 12, 8, 6, 4, 3 respectively at 2500 rpm.
Present study shows that the optimum power is obtained at vane angle 90o (4 vanes) when injection angle varies from 10o
-60o and at vane angle 60o (6 vanes) when injection angle varies from 70o- 80o.
Thus the study is helpful for designing the vane turbine for optimum power output by considering 4 to 6 vanes rotor where its corresponding air injection angles are derived from the mathematical data or graph drawn in this paper.
This Paper investigates the flow inside an S- Shaped square Duct. In this paper, a computational ... more This Paper investigates the flow inside an S- Shaped square Duct. In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of fully developed turbulent flow(k- model) is implemented with the help of FLUENT software and the variation of pressure along the length of bend with variation in Reynolds number is analyzed. The curvatures is investigated at Reynolds
numbers Re=4.73x104 and 1.47x105. A non-dimensional parameter ω, defined as the total pressure loss coefficient is analyzed for finding out the total pressure loss in the duct. Cp Data obtained from the simulation of S-shaped ducts show that there is flow separation at the near side wall of the first
bend and far side wall of the second bend. At high Reynolds number separation is more dominant near junction of bend as compare to low Reynolds number flow. To improve the flow in S-ducts, vortex generators as flow control methods is implemented. This methods shown to be effective in suppressing flow separation and reducing total pressure loss.
Global Warming is now becoming a challenge for survival of species on Earth and draws attention ... more Global Warming is now becoming a challenge for survival of species on Earth and draws attention of many modern societies, power and energy engineers, academicians, researchers and stakeholders to go for deeper study. Almost all countries are required to act
fast and attend to major problems of depletion of fossil fuel resources, poor energy efficiency and environmental pollution and its dire consequences on priority. This book is written
to create awareness of the energy engineers, academicians, researchers, industry personnel
and society as a whole, and to emphasize current status of global warming and its impact on climate changes. We all know that humanity is at risk due to Greenhouse gases which are the
main source of Global Warming . Our beautiful planet is being destroyed, due to excessive
exploitation of Earth’s resources from its reservoirs and other serious man-made problems. The main objective of this book is to produce a good documentation from the point of view
of knowledge seekers or public readers at large, and also those who are eager to know more
about Global Warming and its impact on the Climate Changes, besides those who have raisen their voice for its remedial measures. Present state of environmental damage and continuous occurrence of natural disasters have made the environmentalist and scientists inevitable
for their extensive study, and to carry out detailed analysis of the following threats faced by civilization across the entire globe due to global warming:
i). Is Global Warming caused by human activity?
ii). What are Greenhouse Gases?
iii). Fast shrinkage of polar ice may leave us with no ice by summer 2040.
iv). Fast rise of the Sea Level.
v). Danger for species like polar bear, etc.
vi). Ice sheets, where they meet at the Atlantic sea. This area may be affected by cold waves, heavy snow falls and intense storms.
vii). Permafrost may create further warming which cannot be reversed.
The Global Warming is increasing Earth's average surface temperature, due to the effect of Greenhouse gases such as: Carbon dioxide through emissions produced from burning of
fossil fuels or from deforestation, which traps heat that would otherwise escape the Earth.
This is a type of Greenhouse effect . The most significant Greenhouse gas is actually Water Vapor , not something produced directly by humankind in significant amounts. However,
even slight increase in atmospheric levels of Carbon dioxide (CO2) can cause a substantial increase in Earth’s atmospheric temperature. The ultimate effects, which we are likely to be
faced as 21 st century.
Environmentalist and Scientists are now of the opinion that the entire globe may face threats of:... more Environmentalist and Scientists are now of the opinion that the entire globe may face threats
of: fast shrinkage of polar ice due to its melting and may eventually diminish by 2040, fast rise
in the sea level, danger for species like: polar bears, penguins etc., northern portion of Canada,
USA and UK may be affected by cold waves, heavy snow falls and storms due to shifting and
melting of largest ice sheets in the Atlantic sea.
Scientists warn that the warming in the region of Arctic is due to the increment of Permafrost
which is also one cause of the Tundra fires. The warming this way cannot be hence reversed
and thus the entire Arctic region may turn into a dangerous source of methane from a vast
carbon sink in less than a decade.
In view of better identification and prediction of the melting and rising of the sea level a
continuous monitoring via satellite is needed, according to the findings published in Nature Geoscience. According to a survey and readings, the ice sheet covering Antarctica and
Greenland contain about 99.5 percent of the earth’s glacier ice that has the potential to raise
the sea level by 63m (about 200 ft.), if melted completely
This entire action may lead to shift of heavy movement of masses of the Arctic sheets to sea
and may likely to have an effect on the spinning angle of the earth due to differential changes
in masses apart from the above mentioned threats.
Present state of environment and continuous occurrence of natural disasters has made ... more Present state of environment and continuous occurrence of natural disasters has made it
inevitable for the environmentalists and scientists to extensively study and carry out detailed
analysis of the following threats faced by civilization across the entire globe:
• Fast shrinkage of the polar ice and by 2040, there will be no polar ice seen during summer.
• Fast rise in the Sea Level,
• Danger for species like: polar bear etc.
• Ice sheets, where it meets the Atlantic sea, that this area may be affected by cold waves,
heavy snow falls and intense storms.
• Permafrost may create further warming which cannot be reversed.
Thus, it is essential to act promptly to avoid further catastrophic warming and stabilize the
planet on which all lives depend, as permafrost’s melt is a potential source of runaway global
warming.
In this paper, authors are focusing mainly on the shrinkage of the polar ice and its serious
effects on humanities, especially in January to March in USA and UK as well as on the entire
global lively hoods.
International Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 3:4 2009, Apr 25, 2009
In view of fast depleting fossil fuel reserves, the major thrust has now been laid upon search of... more In view of fast depleting fossil fuel reserves, the major thrust has now been laid upon search of alternative energy source and also for cost effective energy conversion system. The compressed air
can be utilized as potential working fluid for producing shaft work in the air turbine, thus offering the capability of being a early zero pollution fuel. Such air turbine can be used as prime-mover to light vehicles or motorbikes. This paper details with the mathematical modeling and performance evaluation of a small capacity compressed air driven vaned type novel air turbine. Effect of expansion action and flow power at high pressure air for varying injection angle in turbine have been quantified and analyzed here. Study shows that the total shaft work output comprises of expansion work and flow work. In which major contribution is that of expansion work and flow work constitute up to 15.0% of the total work output. The injection angle has been varied from 10o- 80o at the interval of 10o for air admission pressure of 6 bar, vane angle varying as 30o, 45o, 60o, 90o, 120o for the number of vanes being 12, 8, 6, 4, 3 respectively at 2500 rpm.
Present study shows that the optimum power is obtained at vane angle 90o (4 vanes) when injection angle varies from 10o
-60o and at vane angle 60o (6 vanes) when injection angle varies from 70o- 80o.
Thus the study is helpful for designing the vane turbine for optimum power output by considering 4 to 6 vanes rotor where its corresponding air injection angles are derived from the mathematical data or graph drawn in this paper.