BoMi Ryu | The University of Queensland, Australia (original) (raw)
Papers by BoMi Ryu
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mar 1, 2018
Toxicology Letters, Sep 1, 2016
The authors regret that the list of authors was incomplete and has now been corrected. Additional... more The authors regret that the list of authors was incomplete and has now been corrected. Additionally, the first sentence of the conclusion should read ‘This is the first chemical analysis of pituri undertaken to consider the potential for negative consequences of use.’ A new second sentence should be inserted into the conclusion to read ‘This article is one component of a larger research project investigating the use of native Nicotiana plants in Australia.’ The last sentence of the acknowledgements commencing with ‘and Angela Ratsch…’ is not required. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Methods and Protocols, 2019
Maternal tobacco smoking is a recognized risk behavior that has adverse impacts on maternal and f... more Maternal tobacco smoking is a recognized risk behavior that has adverse impacts on maternal and fetal health. However, in some populations, the use of smokeless tobacco exceeds the use of smoked tobacco. In central Australia, Aboriginal populations utilize wild tobacco plants (Nicotiana spp.) as a smokeless product. These plants are known by a variety of names, one of which is pituri. The plants are masticated and retained in the oral cavity for extended periods of time and their use continues throughout pregnancy, birth, and lactation. In contrast to the evidence related to combusted tobacco use, there is no evidence as to the effects of pituri use in pregnancy. Central Australian Aboriginal women who were at least 28 weeks pregnant were stratified into three tobacco exposure groups: (a) Pituri chewers, (b) smokers, and (c) non-tobacco users. Routine antenatal and birth information, pre-existing and pregnancy-related maternal characteristics, fetal characteristics, and biological s...
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Mar 31, 2017
Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) intra-vaginal matrices were produced for local delivery of a combinati... more Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) intra-vaginal matrices were produced for local delivery of a combination of antibacterials, by rapidly cooling a mixture of drug powders dispersed in PCL solution. Matrices loaded with different combinations of metronidazole (10, 15 and 20% w/w) and doxycycline (10% w/w), were evaluated in vitro for release behavior and antibacterial activity. Rapid 'burst release' of 8-15% of the doxycycline content and 31-37% of the metronidazole content occurred within 24 h when matrices were immersed in simulated vaginal fluid (SVF) at 37°C. The remaining drug was extracted gradually over 14 days to a maximum of 65-73% for doxycycline and 62-71% for metronidazole. High levels of antibacterial activity up to 89-91% against Gardnerella vaginalis and 84-92% against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, were recorded in vitro for release media collected on day 14, compared to 'non-formulated' metronidazole and doxycycline solutions. Based on the in vitro data, the minimum...
Toxicology letters, Jan 6, 2016
The authors regret that the list of authors was incomplete and has now been corrected. Additional... more The authors regret that the list of authors was incomplete and has now been corrected. Additionally, the first sentence of the conclusion should read ‘This is the first chemical analysis of pituri undertaken to consider the potential for negative consequences of use.’ A new second sentence should be inserted into the conclusion to read ‘This article is one component of a larger research project investigating the use of native Nicotiana plants in Australia.’ The last sentence of the acknowledgements commencing with ‘and Angela Ratsch…’ is not required. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Toxicology Letters, 2016
The Aboriginal population of Central Australia use endemic Nicotiana species to make a smokeless ... more The Aboriginal population of Central Australia use endemic Nicotiana species to make a smokeless tobacco product known usually as pituri or mingkulpa. Nicotiana leaves are masticated with wood ash into a 'quid' that is chewed/sucked for absorption of nicotine. In addition to nicotine, smokeless tobacco products contain a spectrum of biologically active compounds that may contribute to effects on health. The objective of this study was to quantify nicotine, and related alkaloids and tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), in Nicotiana leaves used in pituri, and compare in vitro toxicity of pure nicotine with Nicotiana leaf extract at the same concentration of nicotine. An aqueous extract of dry leaves of Nicotiana gossei and a reference smokeless tobacco (CORESTA CRP2) were quantified for major pyridine alkaloids and TSNAs using HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS. A range of extract concentrations and corresponding concentrations of nicotine standard were tested using an MTS assay to measure human lung epithelium cell (A549) survival. Cells treated for 24h with the maximum concentration of 1.5mg/ml of nicotine resulted in 77% viability. In contrast, extracts from N. gossei leaves and CRP2 containing a similar concentration of nicotine (1.3mg/ml) resulted in remarkably lower viability of 1.5 and 6%, respectively. Comparison of cytotoxicity of pure nicotine with that of the extracts revealed that nicotine was not the source of their cytotoxicity. Other biologically active compounds such as the known carcinogens NNK and NNN, derived from nicotine and nornicotine and found to be present in the smokeless tobacco extracts, may be responsible.
Journal of Chromatography B, 2015
Research Square (Research Square), Mar 23, 2022
Background: In central Australia, Aboriginal women use wild tobacco plants, Nicotiana spp. (local... more Background: In central Australia, Aboriginal women use wild tobacco plants, Nicotiana spp. (locally known as pituri) as a chewed smokeless tobacco, with this use continuing throughout pregnancy and lactation. Our aim was to describe the biological concentrations of nicotine and metabolites in samples from mothers and neonates and examine the relationships to maternal self-reported tobacco use, maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: Central Australian Aboriginal mothers (and their neonates) who planned to birth at the Alice Springs Hospital (Northern Territory, Australia) provided biological samples: maternal blood, arterial and venous cord blood, amniotic uid, maternal and neonatal urine, and breast milk. These were analysed for concentrations of nicotine and ve metabolites. Results: A sample of 73 women were enrolled who self-reported: no-tobacco use (n=31), tobacco chewing (n=19), or smoking (n=23). Not all biological samples were obtained from all mothers and neonates. In those where samples were available, higher total concentrations of nicotine and metabolites were found in the maternal plasma, urine, breast milk, cord bloods and Day 1 neonatal urine of chewers compared with smokers and no-tobacco users. Tobacco-exposed mothers (chewers and smokers) with elevated blood glucose had higher nicotine and metabolite concentrations than tobacco-exposed mothers without elevated glucose, and this was associated with increased neonatal birthweight. Neonates exposed to higher maternal nicotine levels were more likely to be admitted to Special Care Nursery. By Day 3, urinary concentrations in tobacco-exposed neonates had reduced from Day 1, although these remained higher than concentrations from neonates in the no-tobacco group. Conclusions: This research provides the rst evidence that maternal pituri chewing results in high nicotine concentrations in both the mother and neonate and that exposure may be associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes similar to those from smoked tobacco use in pregnancy. Screening for the use of a broader range of tobacco and nicotine products during pregnancy would provide a more inclusive assessment and contribute to a more accurate determination of tobacco exposure. This knowledge will better inform maternal and foetal care, and direct attention to targeted cessation strategies that are appropriate to the tobacco and nicotine use pro le of the population. Note to readers: In this research, the central Australian Aboriginal women chose the term 'Aboriginal' to refer to themselves, and 'Indigenous' to refer to the broader group of Australian First Peoples. That choice has been maintained in the reporting of the research ndings.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Diabetes is associated with vascular complications, such as impaired wound healing and accelerate... more Diabetes is associated with vascular complications, such as impaired wound healing and accelerated vascular growth. The different clinical manifestations, such as retinopathy and nephropathy, reveal the severity of enhanced vascular growth known as angiogenesis. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of an extract of Ishige okamurae (IO) and its constituent, Ishophloroglucin A (IPA) on high glucose-induced angiogenesis. A transgenic zebrafish (flk:EGFP) embryo model was used to evaluate vessel growth. The 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), gap closure, transwell, and Matrigel® assays were used to analyze the proliferation, migration, and capillary formation of EA.hy926 cells. Moreover, protein expression were determined using western blotting. IO extract and IPA suppressed vessel formation in the transgenic zebrafish (flk:EGFP) embryo. IPA attenuated cell proliferation, cell migration, and capillary-like structure formation in high glucose-...
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011
... Diethylaminoethyl chitosan induces apoptosis in HeLa cells via activation 1 of caspase-3 and ... more ... Diethylaminoethyl chitosan induces apoptosis in HeLa cells via activation 1 of caspase-3 and p53 expression2 3 Sang-Hoon Lee a , BoMi Ryu a ... as antioxidant activity (Park, Je & 62 Kim, 2004), antitumor activity (Qin, Du, Xiao, Li & Gao, 2002), antibacterial activity (Jeon, Park & ...
Chemico-biological Interactions, 2009
Arthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, and it is characterized by ... more Arthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, and it is characterized by structural and biochemical changes in major tissues of the joint, including degradation of the cartilage matrix, insufficient synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM). Ecklonia cava (EC) is a member of the family of Laminariaceae, which is an edible marine brown alga with various bioactivities. In this study of the methanol extract of brown alga EC, the dieckol (1) and 1-(3 ,5 -dihydroxyphenoxy)-7-(2 ,4 ,6 -trihydroxyphenoxy) 2,4,9-trihydroxydibenzo-1,4,-dioxin (2) were isolated and characterized by NMR techniques with high yield. Phlorotannin derivatives (1, 2) promoted osteosarcoma differentiation by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, total protein and collagen synthesis in human osteosarcoma cell (MG-63 cells), respectively. Furthermore, these phlorotannin derivatives (1, 2) inhibited mRNA gene and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13), iNOS and COX-2 in casein zymography, Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. In addition, it was observed that the phlorotannins inhibited phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK in human osteosarcoma cell. These results suggested the phlorotannin derivatives (1, 2) could promote cell differentiation, attenuate MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13 expressions, and inflammatory response via MAPK pathway in chronic articular diseases.
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011
In this research, a novel derivative of chitooligosaccharides (COS) was synthesized by covalently... more In this research, a novel derivative of chitooligosaccharides (COS) was synthesized by covalently linking gallic acid and COS (gallate-COS) via carbodiimide to improve cellular antioxidant activity. The direct intracellular radical scavenging effect of gallate-COS by 2 ,7 -dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) method, and the inhibition of oxidation of cellular macromolecules, such as DNA, protein and lipid in mouse macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) were determined. Furthermore, with the treatment of gallate-COS, the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly increased according to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. In addition, gallate-COS decreased reactive oxygen species induced activation of the nuclear transcription factor (NF-B). Collectively, these results suggest that gallate-COS can be used as a potential natural compound-based antioxidant in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 2009
Acid-solubilized collagen (ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) were extracted from the sea... more Acid-solubilized collagen (ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) were extracted from the seaweed pipefish (Syngnathus schlegeli) and partially characterized. The amount of collagens isolated in the subsequent treatments was 5.5% of ASC and 33.2% PSC on the basis of lyophilized pipefish body weight, respectively. According to the electrophoretic pattern and CM-cellulose column chromatogram, the collagens might be classified as type I collagens, containing α1 and α2 chain. The imino acid content of collagen from pipefish was lower than those of mammalian collagens as also were the denaturation temperatures (Td) of collagens were 34.8°C and 35.1°C, respectively. This study shows that there is a possibility to use pipefish collagen as the alternative source of collagen from industrial purposes and subsequently it may evaluate the economical value of the seaweed pipefish.
Process Biochemistry, 2011
Cancer is a serious disease with a complex pathogenesis, which threats human life greatly. Angiog... more Cancer is a serious disease with a complex pathogenesis, which threats human life greatly. Angiogenesis is directly involved in invasion and metastasis of cancer. This study reveals the effect of fucodiphloroethol G isolated from Ecklonia cava, a marine brown alga on angiogenesis through inhibiting proteinase enzymes; AP-N, MMP-2, -9 and transcriptional factor; c-fos, together with underling molecular mechanisms. The results showed that fucodiphloroethol G inhibited the activity AP-N dose dependently. Moreover, expression of MMP-2, -9 was significantly inhibited at both protein and gene levels. The responsible transcriptional factor for the activation of AP-N and MMPs, c-fos protein was significantly inhibited by the treatment of fucodiphloroethol G. Furthermore, effects of fucodiphloroethol G on signaling pathways such as MAPK and Akt, related to activation of transcription of AP-N, MMPs and c-fos were observed. Fucodiphloroethol G showed a significant inhibition on molecules of MAPK pathway; MEK, ERK, and p38, and Akt, but not JNK. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential anti-angiogenic effect of fucodiphloroethol G on VEGF induced ECV-304 and EA.hy926 through inhibition of AP-N, MMP-2, -9, c-fos via blocking of signal transduction of MAPK and Akt pathways. Therefore, fucodiphloroethol G could be used as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of angiogenesis.
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 2008
Seahorse, Hippocampus kuda (SH) a marine teleost fish, is well known not only for its special med... more Seahorse, Hippocampus kuda (SH) a marine teleost fish, is well known not only for its special medicinal composition and used as one of the most famous and expensive materials of traditional Chinese medicine. It was extracted with water (SHW), methanol (SHM), and ethanol (SHE), respectively and evaluated by various antioxidant assays. The including reducing power, total antioxidant, DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, alkyl radical scavenging, and protective effect on DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals generated. Further, the ROS level was detected using a fluorescence probe, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), which could be converted to highly fluorescent dichlorofluorescein (DCF) with the presence of intracellular ROS on mouse macrophages, RAW264.7 cell and inhibited myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in human myeloid, HL60 cells, respectively. Those various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as α-tocopherol. Among SHM exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in linoleic acid system, effective reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, alkyl radical scavenging, inhibitory intracellular ROS, and inhibited MPO activity. Furthermore, MTT assay showed no cytotoxicity on mouse macrophages cell (RAW264.7) and human cell lines (MRC-5, HL60, U937). This antioxidant property depends on concentration and increasing with increased amount of extracts. The results obtained in the present study indicated that the see horse (Hippocampus kuda Bleeker) is a potential source of natural antioxidant.
Chemico-biological Interactions, 2010
Arthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, and it is characterized by ... more Arthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, and it is characterized by structural and biochemical changes in major tissues of the joint, including degradation of the cartilage matrix, insufficient synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM). Ecklonia cava (EC) is a member of the family of Laminariaceae, which is an edible marine brown alga with various bioactivities. In this study of the methanol extract of brown alga EC, the dieckol (1) and 1-(3 ,5 -dihydroxyphenoxy)-7-(2 ,4 ,6 -trihydroxyphenoxy) 2,4,9-trihydroxydibenzo-1,4,-dioxin (2) were isolated and characterized by NMR techniques with high yield. Phlorotannin derivatives (1, 2) promoted osteosarcoma differentiation by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, total protein and collagen synthesis in human osteosarcoma cell (MG-63 cells), respectively. Furthermore, these phlorotannin derivatives (1, 2) inhibited mRNA gene and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13), iNOS and COX-2 in casein zymography, Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. In addition, it was observed that the phlorotannins inhibited phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK in human osteosarcoma cell. These results suggested the phlorotannin derivatives (1, 2) could promote cell differentiation, attenuate MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13 expressions, and inflammatory response via MAPK pathway in chronic articular diseases.
Biomedical Materials, 2011
In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was isolated from Thunnus obesus bone using alkaline h... more In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was isolated from Thunnus obesus bone using alkaline hydrolysis and thermal calcination methods. The obtained ceramic has been characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area diffraction analysis, cytotoxic analysis and cell proliferation analysis. The results indicate that there are significant differences between the ceramics and T. obesus bone. FT-IR and TGA results affirmed that the collagen and organic moieties have been eliminated by both the proposed methods. XRD results were in agreement with JCPDS data. TEM and selective area diffraction images have signified that the thermal calcination method produces good crystallinity with dimensions 0.3-1.0 µm, whereas the alkaline hydrolysis method produces nanostructured HAp crystals with 17-71 nm length and 5-10 nm width. Biocompatibility of HAp crystals was evaluated by cytotoxicity and cell proliferation with human osteoblast-like cell MG-63.
Peptides, 2011
Two new peptides derived from seaweed pipefish Syngnathus schlegeli, SPP-1(QLGNLGV) and SPP-2 (SV... more Two new peptides derived from seaweed pipefish Syngnathus schlegeli, SPP-1(QLGNLGV) and SPP-2 (SVM-PVVA) were assessed for their ability to prevent hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Both peptides showed a significant hydroxyl radical scavenging activity when tested by ESR technique. And also the peptides effectively suppressed the hydrogen peroxide induced ROS production and DNA damage in HDF cells. Furthermore the two peptides increase the protein expression levels of intracellular antioxidant enzymes SOD1, GSH and catalase in hydrogen peroxide stressed HDF cells. At the cellular signaling level, SPPs block the NF-B activation which may lead to the reduction of oxidative stress mediated damage of HDF cells. These finding indicate the potential antioxidant effects of SPPs as response to H 2 O 2 stimulation.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mar 1, 2018
Toxicology Letters, Sep 1, 2016
The authors regret that the list of authors was incomplete and has now been corrected. Additional... more The authors regret that the list of authors was incomplete and has now been corrected. Additionally, the first sentence of the conclusion should read ‘This is the first chemical analysis of pituri undertaken to consider the potential for negative consequences of use.’ A new second sentence should be inserted into the conclusion to read ‘This article is one component of a larger research project investigating the use of native Nicotiana plants in Australia.’ The last sentence of the acknowledgements commencing with ‘and Angela Ratsch…’ is not required. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Methods and Protocols, 2019
Maternal tobacco smoking is a recognized risk behavior that has adverse impacts on maternal and f... more Maternal tobacco smoking is a recognized risk behavior that has adverse impacts on maternal and fetal health. However, in some populations, the use of smokeless tobacco exceeds the use of smoked tobacco. In central Australia, Aboriginal populations utilize wild tobacco plants (Nicotiana spp.) as a smokeless product. These plants are known by a variety of names, one of which is pituri. The plants are masticated and retained in the oral cavity for extended periods of time and their use continues throughout pregnancy, birth, and lactation. In contrast to the evidence related to combusted tobacco use, there is no evidence as to the effects of pituri use in pregnancy. Central Australian Aboriginal women who were at least 28 weeks pregnant were stratified into three tobacco exposure groups: (a) Pituri chewers, (b) smokers, and (c) non-tobacco users. Routine antenatal and birth information, pre-existing and pregnancy-related maternal characteristics, fetal characteristics, and biological s...
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Mar 31, 2017
Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) intra-vaginal matrices were produced for local delivery of a combinati... more Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) intra-vaginal matrices were produced for local delivery of a combination of antibacterials, by rapidly cooling a mixture of drug powders dispersed in PCL solution. Matrices loaded with different combinations of metronidazole (10, 15 and 20% w/w) and doxycycline (10% w/w), were evaluated in vitro for release behavior and antibacterial activity. Rapid 'burst release' of 8-15% of the doxycycline content and 31-37% of the metronidazole content occurred within 24 h when matrices were immersed in simulated vaginal fluid (SVF) at 37°C. The remaining drug was extracted gradually over 14 days to a maximum of 65-73% for doxycycline and 62-71% for metronidazole. High levels of antibacterial activity up to 89-91% against Gardnerella vaginalis and 84-92% against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, were recorded in vitro for release media collected on day 14, compared to 'non-formulated' metronidazole and doxycycline solutions. Based on the in vitro data, the minimum...
Toxicology letters, Jan 6, 2016
The authors regret that the list of authors was incomplete and has now been corrected. Additional... more The authors regret that the list of authors was incomplete and has now been corrected. Additionally, the first sentence of the conclusion should read ‘This is the first chemical analysis of pituri undertaken to consider the potential for negative consequences of use.’ A new second sentence should be inserted into the conclusion to read ‘This article is one component of a larger research project investigating the use of native Nicotiana plants in Australia.’ The last sentence of the acknowledgements commencing with ‘and Angela Ratsch…’ is not required. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Toxicology Letters, 2016
The Aboriginal population of Central Australia use endemic Nicotiana species to make a smokeless ... more The Aboriginal population of Central Australia use endemic Nicotiana species to make a smokeless tobacco product known usually as pituri or mingkulpa. Nicotiana leaves are masticated with wood ash into a 'quid' that is chewed/sucked for absorption of nicotine. In addition to nicotine, smokeless tobacco products contain a spectrum of biologically active compounds that may contribute to effects on health. The objective of this study was to quantify nicotine, and related alkaloids and tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), in Nicotiana leaves used in pituri, and compare in vitro toxicity of pure nicotine with Nicotiana leaf extract at the same concentration of nicotine. An aqueous extract of dry leaves of Nicotiana gossei and a reference smokeless tobacco (CORESTA CRP2) were quantified for major pyridine alkaloids and TSNAs using HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS. A range of extract concentrations and corresponding concentrations of nicotine standard were tested using an MTS assay to measure human lung epithelium cell (A549) survival. Cells treated for 24h with the maximum concentration of 1.5mg/ml of nicotine resulted in 77% viability. In contrast, extracts from N. gossei leaves and CRP2 containing a similar concentration of nicotine (1.3mg/ml) resulted in remarkably lower viability of 1.5 and 6%, respectively. Comparison of cytotoxicity of pure nicotine with that of the extracts revealed that nicotine was not the source of their cytotoxicity. Other biologically active compounds such as the known carcinogens NNK and NNN, derived from nicotine and nornicotine and found to be present in the smokeless tobacco extracts, may be responsible.
Journal of Chromatography B, 2015
Research Square (Research Square), Mar 23, 2022
Background: In central Australia, Aboriginal women use wild tobacco plants, Nicotiana spp. (local... more Background: In central Australia, Aboriginal women use wild tobacco plants, Nicotiana spp. (locally known as pituri) as a chewed smokeless tobacco, with this use continuing throughout pregnancy and lactation. Our aim was to describe the biological concentrations of nicotine and metabolites in samples from mothers and neonates and examine the relationships to maternal self-reported tobacco use, maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: Central Australian Aboriginal mothers (and their neonates) who planned to birth at the Alice Springs Hospital (Northern Territory, Australia) provided biological samples: maternal blood, arterial and venous cord blood, amniotic uid, maternal and neonatal urine, and breast milk. These were analysed for concentrations of nicotine and ve metabolites. Results: A sample of 73 women were enrolled who self-reported: no-tobacco use (n=31), tobacco chewing (n=19), or smoking (n=23). Not all biological samples were obtained from all mothers and neonates. In those where samples were available, higher total concentrations of nicotine and metabolites were found in the maternal plasma, urine, breast milk, cord bloods and Day 1 neonatal urine of chewers compared with smokers and no-tobacco users. Tobacco-exposed mothers (chewers and smokers) with elevated blood glucose had higher nicotine and metabolite concentrations than tobacco-exposed mothers without elevated glucose, and this was associated with increased neonatal birthweight. Neonates exposed to higher maternal nicotine levels were more likely to be admitted to Special Care Nursery. By Day 3, urinary concentrations in tobacco-exposed neonates had reduced from Day 1, although these remained higher than concentrations from neonates in the no-tobacco group. Conclusions: This research provides the rst evidence that maternal pituri chewing results in high nicotine concentrations in both the mother and neonate and that exposure may be associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes similar to those from smoked tobacco use in pregnancy. Screening for the use of a broader range of tobacco and nicotine products during pregnancy would provide a more inclusive assessment and contribute to a more accurate determination of tobacco exposure. This knowledge will better inform maternal and foetal care, and direct attention to targeted cessation strategies that are appropriate to the tobacco and nicotine use pro le of the population. Note to readers: In this research, the central Australian Aboriginal women chose the term 'Aboriginal' to refer to themselves, and 'Indigenous' to refer to the broader group of Australian First Peoples. That choice has been maintained in the reporting of the research ndings.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Diabetes is associated with vascular complications, such as impaired wound healing and accelerate... more Diabetes is associated with vascular complications, such as impaired wound healing and accelerated vascular growth. The different clinical manifestations, such as retinopathy and nephropathy, reveal the severity of enhanced vascular growth known as angiogenesis. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of an extract of Ishige okamurae (IO) and its constituent, Ishophloroglucin A (IPA) on high glucose-induced angiogenesis. A transgenic zebrafish (flk:EGFP) embryo model was used to evaluate vessel growth. The 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), gap closure, transwell, and Matrigel® assays were used to analyze the proliferation, migration, and capillary formation of EA.hy926 cells. Moreover, protein expression were determined using western blotting. IO extract and IPA suppressed vessel formation in the transgenic zebrafish (flk:EGFP) embryo. IPA attenuated cell proliferation, cell migration, and capillary-like structure formation in high glucose-...
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011
... Diethylaminoethyl chitosan induces apoptosis in HeLa cells via activation 1 of caspase-3 and ... more ... Diethylaminoethyl chitosan induces apoptosis in HeLa cells via activation 1 of caspase-3 and p53 expression2 3 Sang-Hoon Lee a , BoMi Ryu a ... as antioxidant activity (Park, Je & 62 Kim, 2004), antitumor activity (Qin, Du, Xiao, Li & Gao, 2002), antibacterial activity (Jeon, Park & ...
Chemico-biological Interactions, 2009
Arthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, and it is characterized by ... more Arthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, and it is characterized by structural and biochemical changes in major tissues of the joint, including degradation of the cartilage matrix, insufficient synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM). Ecklonia cava (EC) is a member of the family of Laminariaceae, which is an edible marine brown alga with various bioactivities. In this study of the methanol extract of brown alga EC, the dieckol (1) and 1-(3 ,5 -dihydroxyphenoxy)-7-(2 ,4 ,6 -trihydroxyphenoxy) 2,4,9-trihydroxydibenzo-1,4,-dioxin (2) were isolated and characterized by NMR techniques with high yield. Phlorotannin derivatives (1, 2) promoted osteosarcoma differentiation by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, total protein and collagen synthesis in human osteosarcoma cell (MG-63 cells), respectively. Furthermore, these phlorotannin derivatives (1, 2) inhibited mRNA gene and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13), iNOS and COX-2 in casein zymography, Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. In addition, it was observed that the phlorotannins inhibited phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK in human osteosarcoma cell. These results suggested the phlorotannin derivatives (1, 2) could promote cell differentiation, attenuate MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13 expressions, and inflammatory response via MAPK pathway in chronic articular diseases.
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011
In this research, a novel derivative of chitooligosaccharides (COS) was synthesized by covalently... more In this research, a novel derivative of chitooligosaccharides (COS) was synthesized by covalently linking gallic acid and COS (gallate-COS) via carbodiimide to improve cellular antioxidant activity. The direct intracellular radical scavenging effect of gallate-COS by 2 ,7 -dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) method, and the inhibition of oxidation of cellular macromolecules, such as DNA, protein and lipid in mouse macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) were determined. Furthermore, with the treatment of gallate-COS, the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly increased according to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. In addition, gallate-COS decreased reactive oxygen species induced activation of the nuclear transcription factor (NF-B). Collectively, these results suggest that gallate-COS can be used as a potential natural compound-based antioxidant in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 2009
Acid-solubilized collagen (ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) were extracted from the sea... more Acid-solubilized collagen (ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) were extracted from the seaweed pipefish (Syngnathus schlegeli) and partially characterized. The amount of collagens isolated in the subsequent treatments was 5.5% of ASC and 33.2% PSC on the basis of lyophilized pipefish body weight, respectively. According to the electrophoretic pattern and CM-cellulose column chromatogram, the collagens might be classified as type I collagens, containing α1 and α2 chain. The imino acid content of collagen from pipefish was lower than those of mammalian collagens as also were the denaturation temperatures (Td) of collagens were 34.8°C and 35.1°C, respectively. This study shows that there is a possibility to use pipefish collagen as the alternative source of collagen from industrial purposes and subsequently it may evaluate the economical value of the seaweed pipefish.
Process Biochemistry, 2011
Cancer is a serious disease with a complex pathogenesis, which threats human life greatly. Angiog... more Cancer is a serious disease with a complex pathogenesis, which threats human life greatly. Angiogenesis is directly involved in invasion and metastasis of cancer. This study reveals the effect of fucodiphloroethol G isolated from Ecklonia cava, a marine brown alga on angiogenesis through inhibiting proteinase enzymes; AP-N, MMP-2, -9 and transcriptional factor; c-fos, together with underling molecular mechanisms. The results showed that fucodiphloroethol G inhibited the activity AP-N dose dependently. Moreover, expression of MMP-2, -9 was significantly inhibited at both protein and gene levels. The responsible transcriptional factor for the activation of AP-N and MMPs, c-fos protein was significantly inhibited by the treatment of fucodiphloroethol G. Furthermore, effects of fucodiphloroethol G on signaling pathways such as MAPK and Akt, related to activation of transcription of AP-N, MMPs and c-fos were observed. Fucodiphloroethol G showed a significant inhibition on molecules of MAPK pathway; MEK, ERK, and p38, and Akt, but not JNK. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential anti-angiogenic effect of fucodiphloroethol G on VEGF induced ECV-304 and EA.hy926 through inhibition of AP-N, MMP-2, -9, c-fos via blocking of signal transduction of MAPK and Akt pathways. Therefore, fucodiphloroethol G could be used as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of angiogenesis.
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 2008
Seahorse, Hippocampus kuda (SH) a marine teleost fish, is well known not only for its special med... more Seahorse, Hippocampus kuda (SH) a marine teleost fish, is well known not only for its special medicinal composition and used as one of the most famous and expensive materials of traditional Chinese medicine. It was extracted with water (SHW), methanol (SHM), and ethanol (SHE), respectively and evaluated by various antioxidant assays. The including reducing power, total antioxidant, DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, alkyl radical scavenging, and protective effect on DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals generated. Further, the ROS level was detected using a fluorescence probe, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), which could be converted to highly fluorescent dichlorofluorescein (DCF) with the presence of intracellular ROS on mouse macrophages, RAW264.7 cell and inhibited myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in human myeloid, HL60 cells, respectively. Those various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as α-tocopherol. Among SHM exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in linoleic acid system, effective reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, alkyl radical scavenging, inhibitory intracellular ROS, and inhibited MPO activity. Furthermore, MTT assay showed no cytotoxicity on mouse macrophages cell (RAW264.7) and human cell lines (MRC-5, HL60, U937). This antioxidant property depends on concentration and increasing with increased amount of extracts. The results obtained in the present study indicated that the see horse (Hippocampus kuda Bleeker) is a potential source of natural antioxidant.
Chemico-biological Interactions, 2010
Arthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, and it is characterized by ... more Arthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, and it is characterized by structural and biochemical changes in major tissues of the joint, including degradation of the cartilage matrix, insufficient synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM). Ecklonia cava (EC) is a member of the family of Laminariaceae, which is an edible marine brown alga with various bioactivities. In this study of the methanol extract of brown alga EC, the dieckol (1) and 1-(3 ,5 -dihydroxyphenoxy)-7-(2 ,4 ,6 -trihydroxyphenoxy) 2,4,9-trihydroxydibenzo-1,4,-dioxin (2) were isolated and characterized by NMR techniques with high yield. Phlorotannin derivatives (1, 2) promoted osteosarcoma differentiation by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, total protein and collagen synthesis in human osteosarcoma cell (MG-63 cells), respectively. Furthermore, these phlorotannin derivatives (1, 2) inhibited mRNA gene and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13), iNOS and COX-2 in casein zymography, Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. In addition, it was observed that the phlorotannins inhibited phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK in human osteosarcoma cell. These results suggested the phlorotannin derivatives (1, 2) could promote cell differentiation, attenuate MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13 expressions, and inflammatory response via MAPK pathway in chronic articular diseases.
Biomedical Materials, 2011
In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was isolated from Thunnus obesus bone using alkaline h... more In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was isolated from Thunnus obesus bone using alkaline hydrolysis and thermal calcination methods. The obtained ceramic has been characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area diffraction analysis, cytotoxic analysis and cell proliferation analysis. The results indicate that there are significant differences between the ceramics and T. obesus bone. FT-IR and TGA results affirmed that the collagen and organic moieties have been eliminated by both the proposed methods. XRD results were in agreement with JCPDS data. TEM and selective area diffraction images have signified that the thermal calcination method produces good crystallinity with dimensions 0.3-1.0 µm, whereas the alkaline hydrolysis method produces nanostructured HAp crystals with 17-71 nm length and 5-10 nm width. Biocompatibility of HAp crystals was evaluated by cytotoxicity and cell proliferation with human osteoblast-like cell MG-63.
Peptides, 2011
Two new peptides derived from seaweed pipefish Syngnathus schlegeli, SPP-1(QLGNLGV) and SPP-2 (SV... more Two new peptides derived from seaweed pipefish Syngnathus schlegeli, SPP-1(QLGNLGV) and SPP-2 (SVM-PVVA) were assessed for their ability to prevent hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Both peptides showed a significant hydroxyl radical scavenging activity when tested by ESR technique. And also the peptides effectively suppressed the hydrogen peroxide induced ROS production and DNA damage in HDF cells. Furthermore the two peptides increase the protein expression levels of intracellular antioxidant enzymes SOD1, GSH and catalase in hydrogen peroxide stressed HDF cells. At the cellular signaling level, SPPs block the NF-B activation which may lead to the reduction of oxidative stress mediated damage of HDF cells. These finding indicate the potential antioxidant effects of SPPs as response to H 2 O 2 stimulation.