Pierre Benckendorff | The University of Queensland, Australia (original) (raw)

Papers by Pierre Benckendorff

The balance between liberal and vocational education within tourism and hospitality (T&H) curricu... more The balance between liberal and vocational education within tourism and hospitality (T&H) curricula has become an increasingly noteworthy topic of discussion since Tribe (2002a), drawing from Schön’s reflective practitioner (1982, 1983; Schön & Rein, 1994), argued for a curriculum that nurtures the ‘philosophic practitioner’. The philosophic practitioner education (PPE) requires a curriculum that is composed of vocational, professional, social science and humanities knowledge and skills that promote a balance between satisfying the demands of business and those required to operate within the wider tourism world. Several authors have been calling for this balance in education for some time (e.g. see Baum, 2005; Inui & Lankford, 2006; Lashley, 1999; McKercher, 2002), but there remain considerable challenges in terms of defining programme content, modes of delivery, appropriate pedagogies, skills and graduate capabilities (Tribe 2000). These challenges are derived from a range of inter...

Tourism and Souvenirs

Tourism is often encouraged by governments and development agencies as a way to support tradition... more Tourism is often encouraged by governments and development agencies as a way to support traditional economic and social activities in regional areas, especially peripheral or marginal places. Many small villages on the margins have turned to tourism as a development option and have pursued, either deliberately or by serendipity, a strategy of offering tourist shopping as a way to support local production of arts, crafts and specialist food and beverage (Murphy et al., 2011a). Small villages on the margins that provide retail outlets have been referred to as Tourist Shopping Villages (TSVs) (Getz, 2000). But there is little consistent evidence that the development of tourist shopping brings benefits for local residents and/or producers. This chapter will examine the challenges that tourism presents to these TSVs, focusing on the links between the availability of locally produced souvenirs, positive tourism experiences and the maintenance of support for local souvenir production and sales. In particular the chapter will analyse the nature of shopping experiences in these villages on the margin, the links between these experiences and consumption of locally produced souvenirs.

TheFuture Past of Tourism, 2019

Tourist shopping villages (TSVs) are small towns that base their visitor appeal on heritage and r... more Tourist shopping villages (TSVs) are small towns that base their visitor appeal on heritage and retailing (Getz, 2000). They are spaces which bring together tourist experiences, retail settings and regional community development. As researchers have begun to focus attention on this phenomenon some of the following issues have been identified; negative environmental and social impacts, authenticity and commodification, and a failure to provide expected benefits to regional communities (Murphy, Benckendorff, Moscardo & Pearce, 2011). Further research is needed to understand the different evolutionary pathways which lead to particular outcomes, either positive or negative, for both visitors and the local communities in which they are situated. This paper reports on a detailed case study analysis of three TSVs; Hahndorf in Australia, St. Jacob's in Canada and Cheddar in England. These three villages are well established tourist destinations with a long evolutionary history. The paper will argue that these three villages are currently at important points in their development where decisions made could lead them down divergent pathways. The aim of the case study analysis is to identify the key factors connected to different pathways. A better understanding of that process could inform decisions made about alternative futures. A better understanding of alternative future pathways will allow village communities to make decisions that are more likely to contribute to their wellbeing.

Additional file 1: Review data.

Handbook of e-Tourism, 2020

Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2018, 2017

This research proposes a framework of intergenerational learning (IGL) that supports child-to-par... more This research proposes a framework of intergenerational learning (IGL) that supports child-to-parent influence in the context of heritage learning using augmented reality (AR) and serious game applications. Positioning children as the behavioural catalysts in the learning process, the framework is developed based on several considerations and requirements. First, the technologies are designed to play a role in attracting and engaging children in learning and providing an intergenerational participation structure to allow children to influence parents' attitudes and behaviour. Second, using the mechanics, dynamics, and aesthetics framework of game design, the game elements are designed to provide realistic context for experiential learning, informative guiding and player interactions to increase engagement, as well as clear and measurable success indicators to increase motivation. The outcome of this framework is attitude and behaviour change in children and parents with regards to heritage preservation and appreciation, which is one of the main goals of heritage tourism managers.

Support for the production of this guide has been provided by the Australian Government Office fo... more Support for the production of this guide has been provided by the Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching. The views expressed in this guide do not necessarily reflect the views of the Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching.

Prior research has found that travel contributes to individuals' wellbeing and relaxation. Th... more Prior research has found that travel contributes to individuals' wellbeing and relaxation. This study links the peace of mind and wellbeing that can be experienced during travel to the concept of mindfulness, which is a psychological construct that has been applied in social psychology, tourism and clinical psychology studies. In this paper, meditative mindfulness is distinguished from socio-cognitive mindfulness. In a qualitative study of 43 Taiwanese backpackers, mindfulness is found to be associated with attention to one's surroundings, awareness of those surroundings in a non-judgmental manner, and a lack of elaboration of awareness regarding one's surroundings. The results of this study indicate four antecedents associated with meditative mindfulness experiences. Nature-based destinations in Australia are found to trigger tourists' attention and mindfulness for Taiwanese visitors to Australia. As a consequence, a model of meditative mindful tourist experience is...

Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2019, 2018

Live-streaming has become popular worldwide as digital solutions provide ever creative opportunit... more Live-streaming has become popular worldwide as digital solutions provide ever creative opportunities to bring activities in life that were previously impossible. Travel is one of the most favourable activities on live-streaming. Live-streaming tourism (LST) recognised as a distinct information and communication technology (ICT) phenomenon. However, research in LST remains under-explored. This study sheds light on live-streaming tourism, to develop a systematic review on live-streaming tourism, and propose the blended tourism experiencescape model to address the absence of live-streaming tourism from a theoretical perspective. The future research directions and agenda are also provided.

Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 2018

The Australian working holiday maker (WHM) program has contributed to the international youth tra... more The Australian working holiday maker (WHM) program has contributed to the international youth travel market in Australia for many years. Despite a recent increase in the number of participants from Asian countries, their travel behaviours, including accommodation preferences, have not yet been fully explored. In fact, Asian WHMs have often been treated as backpackers in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to explore whether Asian WHMs differ from traditional backpackers on the basis of accommodation preferences. The study employed a sequential mixed methods design consisting of six focus groups followed by a self-administered questionnaire survey. Analyses of both the qualitative and quantitative data revealed that similar to European WHMs, backpacker accommodation was used by many Asian WHMs. However, a sizeable proportion of this market did not stay at this type of accommodation for reasons such as concerns about cleanliness and safety, cultural and language barriers and unfamiliarity with the style of accommodation. Whereas, shared accommodation with people from similar cultural backgrounds was a preferred accommodation style. The main implication of this study is that Asian WHMs cannot be fully understood when they are simply categorised as part of the wider backpacker market. Further consideration of their unique characteristics is required to obtain a comprehensive understanding of this cohort in the current youth travel market.

Computers & Education, 2018

This paper presents a narrative review of the literature related to the landscape of learning and... more This paper presents a narrative review of the literature related to the landscape of learning and teaching in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Past reviews of the MOOC literature have primarily focused on identifying trends and categorising MOOC studies. Syntheses of recent empirical contributions on learning and teaching in MOOCs are scarce. This review evaluated academic studies published between 2014 and 2016 on the learning and teaching aspects of MOOCs. These studies were analysed using Biggs' 3P Model of Teaching and Learning as an organising framework. The analysis examines four key learning and teaching factors: learner factors, teaching context, learner engagement, and learning outcomes. Five important findings emerged from this analysis: (1) evidence-based research on non-mainstream consumers of MOOCs is scarce; (2) the role of learner factors is oversimplified in evidence-based MOOC research; (3) there is no attempt to reconcile different approaches to measuring learner engagement with MOOCs; (4) measures of learning outcomes lack sophistication and are often based on single variables; and (5) the relationships between many of the key learning and teaching factors have not been clarified. It is argued that continuing to study learning and teaching factors in isolation without considering how they interact with each other does not move the research field forward. Keywords Massive Open Online Courses; MOOCs; review; engagement; teaching and learning 3.3. Article search strategies The search strategies employed in this study are displayed in Figure 2. Keywords were identified through screening titles, abstracts, and keywords of MOOC literature. Keywords representing learner factors, teaching context, learner engagement, and learning outcomes were paired with 'Massive Open Online Course(s)', 'MOOC(s)' and names of leading MOOC platforms. Five electronic databases (ERIC, Google/Google Scholar, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched using the keywords as a filter, and a preliminary list of publications was acquired. Both UK and US spellings of terms were used in the article search process.

Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 2017

Handbook of Teaching and Learning in Tourism

The aim of this original contribution is to evaluate the future of teaching and learning in touri... more The aim of this original contribution is to evaluate the future of teaching and learning in tourism by considering developments at the macro, meso and micro levels. First, we review some of the megatrends impacting on the future and we use these as a foundation to provide a synthesis of the future of teaching and learning in tourism at the macro level. We also discuss meso and micro-level trends by synthesizing and extending the key themes that emerge from a number of the chapters presented in this volume. We attempt to extend on the work already presented by not only summarizing key themes but also adding additional commentary and analysis about the future of institutions, curricula, social and critical pedagogies, students and learning outcomes. Despite the challenges faced by higher education, we conclude that the intersection of two of the world’s most exciting post-industrial industries, tourism and education, offers many opportunities for innovation and disruption of traditional systems and models.

Annals of Tourism Research, 2017

This paper distinguishes between the concepts of socio-cognitive mindfulness applied in a number ... more This paper distinguishes between the concepts of socio-cognitive mindfulness applied in a number of tourism studies and meditative mindfulness derived from a Buddhist philosophy. An operational definition of meditative mindful tourist experiences is proposed based on forty-three semi-structured interviews involving 77 episodes of meditative mindful experiences. The paper also proposes a framework of meditative mindfulness in tourism. The framework identifies a number of antecedents to meditative mindful experience episodes and reveals several psychological and physical benefits including mental ease and response flexibility. This is the first paper to examine meditative mindful tourist experiences in tourism contexts and to explore their antecedents and consequences.

International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 2017

This study reviews research methods commonly adopted in scholarly literature on students' and ins... more This study reviews research methods commonly adopted in scholarly literature on students' and instructors' experiences of using Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), published from January 2014 to April 2016. 53 articles were identified through a search of four electronic databases. The findings show that surveys, interviews, and log files extracted from MOOC platforms were the most frequently adopted methods for data collection. The use of other qualitative research methods such as diary studies and focus groups was less common. The majority of identified articles adopt a single research method. Methodological triangulation is observed in studies which collect data from multiple sources. For studies which adopted methodological triangulation, it is observed that surveys are often triangulated with interviews and log files. The ways in which MOOC scholars use the key research methods are discussed, and future research avenues based on the research results are provided.

Tourism and Souvenirs

TheFuture Past of Tourism, 2019

Additional file 1: Review data.

Handbook of e-Tourism, 2020

Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2018, 2017

Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2019, 2018

Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 2018

Computers & Education, 2018

Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 2017

Handbook of Teaching and Learning in Tourism

Annals of Tourism Research, 2017

International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 2017

Abstract The future growth of tourism will depend to some extent on how well the tourism industry... more Abstract The future growth of tourism will depend to some extent on how well the tourism industry understands the social and demographic trends influencing traveller behaviour. Age has long been recognised as a major demographic variable, but some authors have ...

Generation Y has become more than simply a label used to describe people born between 1980 and 19... more Generation Y has become more than simply a label used to describe people born between 1980 and 1994, it has become a symbol of a proposed new culture said to be unlike any before it, with a unique set of values, skills and behaviors that transcend geography and ethnicity. The consequences of this emerging culture are only just beginning to be discussed in higher education as these individuals become the core group of college students and in human relations as they enter the workforce. But Generation Y also represents a significant market for tourist operations. So are the claims made about this group true? And what are the implications of these claims for tourism managers? Both longitudinal and cross-sectional research is needed to reduce the risks that tourism managers face in dealing with this new generational cohort. This paper demonstrates the value of such research by describing a specific study that utilised time series data to examine the emergence of Generation Y in a major tourist destination in Australia, the Great Barrier Reef. The overall pattern of results suggested that the use of generational cohorts as a market segmentation tool was valid and that Generation Y was indeed emerging as a group of travellers with a unique pattern of characteristics, motivations and expectations. The data in the study showed that emerging youth markets are not like those in the past and this has implications for the provision, marketing and sustainability of current tourism activities.

The discipline of psychology consists of a sprawling array of theories, methods and levels of ana... more The discipline of psychology consists of a sprawling array of theories, methods and levels of analysis as its researchers attempt to forge a scientific approach to the analysis of people's behaviour and experience. From its foundation period through to its most contemporary summaries, the discipline has been characterised by highly abstract areas of inquiry as well as substantial fields of applied expertise . The present consideration of psychology and its contribution to the study of events draws on select insights from both the theoretical area and the applied fields. The specialised area of social psychology, which can be succinctly defined as how other people influence behaviour, is particularly relevant to the management of events as leisure activities. The initial section of this chapter succinctly documents the main psychological concepts and applications which will be used to frame the present analysis of people's involvement in events. These considerations include a discussion of motivation and personality, role theory, identity and liminality, experience analysis, and post event attitudes. The emotional, aesthetic and performative labour which describes the world of event participants will also be reviewed. Additionally, the concepts of flow and mindfulness will be noted to help understand elite performance. The key sections which then follow these introductory remarks are the psychology of event spectators and attendees, the psychology of event performers and active participants, and then, briefly, the psychology of elite event participants. An organising diagram illustrating these links and approaches is provided in .

The increasing use of a variety of new and developing technologies presents a number of challenge... more The increasing use of a variety of new and developing technologies presents a number of challenges and opportunities for both tourism management and research. One area that has been given little research attention is the role of technology in creating and enhancing tourist experiences. This paper reports on a study of this aspect of tourism and technology which had the dual aims of providing practical advice for the design of technology-based experiences at tourist attractions, and of exploring the potential role of mindfulness as a construct to explain and predict tourist behaviour. The study involved a grounded theory analysis of positive critical incidents related to memorable technology and non technologybased experiences. The results suggested that mindfulness was a useful explanatory construct for both types of tourist experiences, although the pathways to mindfulness differed between the technology and non technology-based options. For the technology-based examples mindfulness appeared to be based on the ability of the attraction to offer new and multiple perspectives on a topic, the stimulation of multiple senses and ability of the technology to create a complete illusion. For the non-technology based examples mindfulness was associated with living things, authenticity and closeness. In both cases the concept of immersion appears to be important, although that perception is supported by different characteristics. Implications are drawn for both tourist attraction design and the use of mindfulness in tourism research.

Destination Management Organisations (DMOs), whose jurisdiction may cover a country, state/provin... more Destination Management Organisations (DMOs), whose jurisdiction may cover a country, state/province, region or specific city or town, are a critical component of the tourism industry (Blain, Levy and Ritchie, 2005). Increasingly, destination branding is being used by DMOs ...

Despite a growing body of work on destination branding in general, particularly at a country or n... more Despite a growing body of work on destination branding in general, particularly at a country or nation level, there has been little investigation of whether or not tourists do attribute brand personality characteristics to tourism destinations or whether an emotional connection exists based on tourists' perceived self-image and the 'brand personality' of destinations. The aim of this study was to determine which elements of destination brands, if any, are included by tourists in their destination images. This aim was broken into three more specific research questions -Do tourists use brand personality characteristics in their destination images? Can tourists articulate an emotional response to a destination image? Do tourists make connections between destination images and their self-identity? The study involved a survey of tourists' perceptions of two branded regional tourism destinations -Cairns and the Whitsundays in Queensland, Australia. A total of 480 surveys were collected, with a response rate of 62%. Of the surveys collected, 464 were usable.

The influence of tourist national culture on the importance of destination attributes 123 Yvette ... more The influence of tourist national culture on the importance of destination attributes 123 Yvette Reisinger ABSTRACT:

… Tourism: Creating a …, 2011

The aims of this paper are firstly to identify and critically examine the range of issues current... more The aims of this paper are firstly to identify and critically examine the range of issues currently facing Australian tourism and hospitality education curriculum planners and secondly to conceptualise the curriculum space as a first step in identifying opportunities and choices available to curriculum planners. The paper is conceptual in nature and makes two key contributions: Firstly the paper draws together a broad range of influences faced by curriculum planners and designers in considering the future of tourism and hospitality ...

… Education Network National …, 2012

All papers reproduced in these proceedings have been independently and blind peer reviewed, by at... more All papers reproduced in these proceedings have been independently and blind peer reviewed, by at least two qualified reviewers, with consideration for HERDC reporting requirements.

As part of a wider study attempting to clarify the liberal and vocational blend within tourism an... more As part of a wider study attempting to clarify the liberal and vocational blend within tourism and hospitality degree curricula, this paper reports on interim findings of an analysis of tourism and hospitality programs at Australian universities. While issues have been identified such as complex degree structures, cumbersome university websites and inconsistency of terminology used, some preliminary observations have emerged. There appears to be a move towards business-oriented units (with these often being generic ...

In the knowledge-based networked economy the ability to harness digital technologies to capture a... more In the knowledge-based networked economy the ability to harness digital technologies to capture and manage information is a critical skill for tourism professionals. This study examines the use of wikis as teaching and learning tool to help students develop a range of knowledge management skills, including creative collaboration, consensus building and technical literacy. The purpose of the study is to provide an exploratory analysis of student attitudes toward the use of wikis as a collaborative assessment task. The results indicate that wikis are perceived to be a flexible, convenient and fair pedagogical technique for collaborative learning. Many students readily understood and exploited the collaborative and reflective nature of wikis. However some students did not spend enough time on the task and appeared not to gain as much from the learning experience. This impacted on the extent and quality of collaboration in some groups. It is suggested that a staged wiki assessment might overcome some of the perceived shortcomings reported by students.

... email, electronic discussion boards, gradebooks and quizzes provide a virtual learning commun... more ... email, electronic discussion boards, gradebooks and quizzes provide a virtual learning community similar ... blended learning'approach which incorporates aspects of technology mediatedenvironments and face ... face-to-face, text-based and technology enhanced learning options. ...

The onsite experiences of visitors at attractions are increasingly being influenced by innovative... more The onsite experiences of visitors at attractions are increasingly being influenced by innovative exhibits that utilise both high-technology and non-technology techniques. However, it is unclear how different types of visitors respond to these exhibits. This paper identifies four groups of tourists based on visitor preferences for technology use in tourist attractions and technology experience in general. These groups, named compensators, spillovers, luddites and opportunity seekers, are contrasted according to their reports of positive technology based and non-technology based incidents in tourist attractions. The results suggest that there does appear to be an interaction between technology preference and experience type, especially for high-tech attraction experiences.

Getz defines tourist shopping villages (TSV'S) as small towns and villages that base their touris... more Getz defines tourist shopping villages (TSV'S) as small towns and villages that base their tourist appeal on retailing, often in a pleasant setting marked by historical or natural amenities which differ from urban shopping districts. This research is based on focus group interviews and examines the issues and challenges associated with the development and management of TSV's. The common themes of uniqueness and diversity of the products sold and the presentation of the village and it surrounds to tourists, both of which help to differentiate the experience from mainstream urban shopping experiences, were identified as key success factors. Also at core, are the fundamental issues and challenges faced by regional and rural tourism destinations, issues of local government support and leadership, stakeholder co-ordination, community participation, lack of understanding of the importance of tourism, and the lack of skills and professionalism in the local areas to develop coordinated plans and strategies.

Much academic effort has been expended on describing tourist typologies and labelling groups of t... more Much academic effort has been expended on describing tourist typologies and labelling groups of tourists. Typically these labels have been developed by researchers and practitioners with little formal evaluation of their validity or usefulness. In the study reported in this paper tourists were asked to describe themselves from a selection of commonly used tourist labels. This self-selection procedure resulted in four groups of tourists who were then compared on a range of other variables. Although significant differences existed between these four groups for some variables, there was also considerable variation within the groups. The overall results indicated that many tourist labels may have only limited predictive ability.

Although satisfaction is a core concept in understanding visitor behaviour and shopping is a core... more Although satisfaction is a core concept in understanding visitor behaviour and shopping is a core activity for many visitors, visitor satisfaction with shopping activities has been given only limited research attention. This paper seeks to address this by examining the relationships ...

ABSTRACT The spectacular growth and adoption of the Internet has created a myriad of opportunitie... more ABSTRACT The spectacular growth and adoption of the Internet has created a myriad of opportunities in the field of marketing. These opportunities include not only promotion and customer relationship management but also market research. Tourism academics have ...

... A number of authors in the tourism and hospitality literature have written about online learn... more ... A number of authors in the tourism and hospitality literature have written about online learning under the guise of virtual learning environments (VLE's). ... of the motivations and barriers associated with developing and implementing VLE's in sport, leisure and tourism in the ...

The study develops an overview of the Internet as a marketing medium and investigates its applica... more The study develops an overview of the Internet as a marketing medium and investigates its applicability to the tourism industry and to destination marketing in particular. The research focuses on Australian Regional Tourism Authorities (RTAs) and their current and future use and perceptions of ...

... ABSTRACT Tourist attractions are frequently described as the key components of adestination&#... more ... ABSTRACT Tourist attractions are frequently described as the key components of adestination's ... 76 TABLE 2.2: Business planning-related studies in the tourism and hospitality literature ..... ... 93 TABLE 2.5: Common strategy types and their content ..... ...