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Papers by Émilie Pigeon-Gagné

Research paper thumbnail of Leading health systems change through research from within West and Central African experiences

Ghana Medical Journal, Sep 30, 2022

Health problems are often driven by complex embedded intertwined social determinants of health. 1... more Health problems are often driven by complex embedded intertwined social determinants of health. 1 Individual interventions, isolated from system considerations, rarely result in sustainable solutions. As noted by Rutter et al., "Instead of asking whether an intervention works to fix a problem, researchers should aim to identify if and how it contributes to reshaping a system in favourable ways" 2 Research and capacity strengthening to generate and implement solutions need to be appropriate to the context and focus on policies and systems as well as specific interventions. There is a need to strengthen national and sub-national capacities and systems for contextually relevant evidence generation rather than just focusing on identifying "proven effective interventions" for transfer to varying contexts in a travelling models approach. 3 This supplement presents experiences and research findings from efforts by West and Central African researchers to address pressing health problems collaboratively and to strengthen health policies and systems from within.

Research paper thumbnail of La maladie mentale et la folie : représentations sociales des troubles de santé mentale à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

Sciences Sociales Et Sante, Mar 1, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and determinants of mental health among an indigent population in rural Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study

Journal of global health reports, Apr 25, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Itinéraires thérapeutiques et accès aux soins en santé mentale : une ethnographie au Burkina Faso

Santé publique, Sep 28, 2022

Introduction : Au Burkina Faso, le manque d’études sur les itinéraires thérapeutiques en santé me... more Introduction : Au Burkina Faso, le manque d’études sur les itinéraires thérapeutiques en santé mentale limite la compréhension des obstacles associés au recours aux soins. Comme dans plusieurs pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, cette situation se traduit par une difficulté des systèmes de santé à adapter l’offre de soins disponible à la réalité des personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux. But de l’étude : Dans cette étude, des observations participantes ont été faites ; sept groupes de discussion et 25 entretiens individuels ont ainsi été organisés afin d’explorer les représentations sociales et l’utilisation des soins existants en santé mentale. Différents acteurs ont été interrogés : patients, soignants, accompagnants et informateurs clés. Résultats : Une analyse thématique a révélé la présence de trois systèmes de soins dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso : 1) les soins psychiatriques associés à une fonction diagnostique et à la prise en charge de pathologies graves ou déclenchées par des causes « naturelles », 2) les soins traditionnels perçus comme ayant une fonction de guérison pour les pathologies « surnaturelles », mais associés à un risque d’escroquerie, et 3) les soins informels prodigués par la famille identifiés comme représentant le pilier des itinéraires thérapeutiques. Conclusions : Cette étude révèle qu’à travers la diversité des ressources consultées, l’entourage direct représente le principal pourvoyeur de soins et que les contraintes financières constituent l’obstacle principal aux recours aux soins. Ce constat nous amène à formuler des recommandations relatives à l’élaboration d’éventuelles politiques publiques à l’échelle nationale ainsi qu’à l’organisation des services de santé dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso.

Research paper thumbnail of Du concept d'indigence aux interventions de santé publique : réflexions du Burkina Faso

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific r... more HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Du concept d’indigence aux interventions de santé publique réflexions du Burkina Faso Nicole Atchessi, Manuela de Allegri, Kadidiatou Kadio, Emilie Pigeon-Gagné , Samiratou Ouedraogo, Valéry Ridde

Research paper thumbnail of La maladie mentale et la folie : représentations sociales des troubles de santé mentale à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

Sciences Sociales et Santé

Research paper thumbnail of Explanatory models of psychotic-like experiences in rural Burkina Faso: A qualitative study among indigents and their community

SSM - Mental Health

Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, psychiatric care for severe mental disorders is scarce. This i... more Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, psychiatric care for severe mental disorders is scarce. This is especially true for people living in chronic poverty in rural areas. The way in which people with psychotic manifestations are socially perceived and treated remains under-researched, limiting the possibility of adapting services to their needs. Methods: In May 2017, 29 semi-structured individual interviews with indigent people reporting psychotic-like experiences and 8 focus groups with members of their community were conducted in the rural region of Di ebougou (Burkina Faso). Indigents were questioned on their subjective interpretation regarding these experiences. Community members were asked about their perceptions of people manifesting psychotic-like experiences. A thematic analysis was carried out. Results: Three distinct conceptions of psychotic-like experiences were identified. First, these experiences were often understood as a reflection of a mental disorder involving evil supernatural entities. Second, some people were considered as possessing a faculty that conferred supernatural powers that could be used for healing purposes. Finally, psychotic-like experiences might also reflect a temporary disturbance for which no significant repercussions were raised. Conclusions: This study suggests that certain manifestations qualified as psychotic according to the biomedical nosology seem to be considered differently from communities' perspectives. These experiences were frequently interpreted as being personal and not requiring medical attention or even as socially valuable faculties. Although psychotic-like experiences were not always perceived negatively, people who experienced them were reluctant to talk about them. This suggests that a form of stigmatization is associated with psychotic-like experiences.

Research paper thumbnail of Leading health systems change through research from within West and Central African experiences

Ghana Medical Journal

Health problems are often driven by complex embedded intertwined social determinants of health. I... more Health problems are often driven by complex embedded intertwined social determinants of health. Individual interventions, isolated from system considerations, rarely result in sustainable solutions. As noted by Rutter et al., “Instead of asking whether an intervention works to fix a problem, researchers should aim to identify if and how it contributes to reshaping a system in favourable ways” Research and capacity strengthening to generate and implement solutions need to be appropriate to the context and focus on policies and systems as well as specific interventions. There is a need to strengthen national and sub-national capacities and systems for contextually relevant evidence generation rather than just focusing on identifying “proven effective interventions” for transfer to varying contexts in a travelling models approach. This supplement presents experiences and research findings from efforts by West and Central African researchers to address pressing health problems collabora...

Research paper thumbnail of Explanatory models of psychotic-like experiences in rural Burkina Faso: A qualitative study among indigents and their community

Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, psychiatric care for severe mental disorders is scarce. This i... more Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, psychiatric care for severe mental disorders is scarce. This is especially true for people living in chronic poverty in rural areas. The way in which people with psychotic manifestations are socially perceived and treated remains under-researched, limiting the possibility of adapting services to their needs. Methods: In May 2017, 29 semi-structured individual interviews with indigent people reporting psychotic-like experiences and 8 focus groups with members of their community were conducted in the rural region of Di ebougou (Burkina Faso). Indigents were questioned on their subjective interpretation regarding these experiences. Community members were asked about their perceptions of people manifesting psychotic-like experiences. A thematic analysis was carried out. Results: Three distinct conceptions of psychotic-like experiences were identified. First, these experiences were often understood as a reflection of a mental disorder involving evil supernatural entities. Second, some people were considered as possessing a faculty that conferred supernatural powers that could be used for healing purposes. Finally, psychotic-like experiences might also reflect a temporary disturbance for which no significant repercussions were raised. Conclusions: This study suggests that certain manifestations qualified as psychotic according to the biomedical nosology seem to be considered differently from communities' perspectives. These experiences were frequently interpreted as being personal and not requiring medical attention or even as socially valuable faculties. Although psychotic-like experiences were not always perceived negatively, people who experienced them were reluctant to talk about them. This suggests that a form of stigmatization is associated with psychotic-like experiences.

Research paper thumbnail of Itinéraires thérapeutiques et accès aux soins en santé mentale : une ethnographie au Burkina Faso

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and determinants of mental health among an indigent population in rural Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study

Journal of Global Health Reports

Background In Burkina Faso, prevalence of mental health disorders and the characteristics of peop... more Background In Burkina Faso, prevalence of mental health disorders and the characteristics of people living with these disorders are scarce, especially among the poorest. Methods This study aims at providing a descriptive portrait of the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and their determinants among indigent individuals living in rural Burkina Faso. A cross-sectional design was chosen, using a stratified sampling procedure. A questionnaire comprising 73 questions was administered to 1314 respondents. Results Mental health symptoms were grouped into three types: anxiodepressive, somatic and psychotic. A total of 1234 (93.9 %) participants reported having experienced at least one anxiodepressive symptom and 1087 (82.7%) respondents reported at least one somatic symptom one month prior to the interview. Furthermore, 256 (19.5%) participants reported at least one psychotic symptom in their lifetime. Differences in the expression of distress between regions were noted as well as a feelin...

Research paper thumbnail of An exploratory study assessing psychological distress of indigents in Burkina Faso: a step forward in understanding mental health needs in West Africa

International Journal for Equity in Health

Research paper thumbnail of Leading health systems change through research from within West and Central African experiences

Ghana Medical Journal, Sep 30, 2022

Health problems are often driven by complex embedded intertwined social determinants of health. 1... more Health problems are often driven by complex embedded intertwined social determinants of health. 1 Individual interventions, isolated from system considerations, rarely result in sustainable solutions. As noted by Rutter et al., "Instead of asking whether an intervention works to fix a problem, researchers should aim to identify if and how it contributes to reshaping a system in favourable ways" 2 Research and capacity strengthening to generate and implement solutions need to be appropriate to the context and focus on policies and systems as well as specific interventions. There is a need to strengthen national and sub-national capacities and systems for contextually relevant evidence generation rather than just focusing on identifying "proven effective interventions" for transfer to varying contexts in a travelling models approach. 3 This supplement presents experiences and research findings from efforts by West and Central African researchers to address pressing health problems collaboratively and to strengthen health policies and systems from within.

Research paper thumbnail of La maladie mentale et la folie : représentations sociales des troubles de santé mentale à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

Sciences Sociales Et Sante, Mar 1, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and determinants of mental health among an indigent population in rural Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study

Journal of global health reports, Apr 25, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Itinéraires thérapeutiques et accès aux soins en santé mentale : une ethnographie au Burkina Faso

Santé publique, Sep 28, 2022

Introduction : Au Burkina Faso, le manque d’études sur les itinéraires thérapeutiques en santé me... more Introduction : Au Burkina Faso, le manque d’études sur les itinéraires thérapeutiques en santé mentale limite la compréhension des obstacles associés au recours aux soins. Comme dans plusieurs pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, cette situation se traduit par une difficulté des systèmes de santé à adapter l’offre de soins disponible à la réalité des personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux. But de l’étude : Dans cette étude, des observations participantes ont été faites ; sept groupes de discussion et 25 entretiens individuels ont ainsi été organisés afin d’explorer les représentations sociales et l’utilisation des soins existants en santé mentale. Différents acteurs ont été interrogés : patients, soignants, accompagnants et informateurs clés. Résultats : Une analyse thématique a révélé la présence de trois systèmes de soins dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso : 1) les soins psychiatriques associés à une fonction diagnostique et à la prise en charge de pathologies graves ou déclenchées par des causes « naturelles », 2) les soins traditionnels perçus comme ayant une fonction de guérison pour les pathologies « surnaturelles », mais associés à un risque d’escroquerie, et 3) les soins informels prodigués par la famille identifiés comme représentant le pilier des itinéraires thérapeutiques. Conclusions : Cette étude révèle qu’à travers la diversité des ressources consultées, l’entourage direct représente le principal pourvoyeur de soins et que les contraintes financières constituent l’obstacle principal aux recours aux soins. Ce constat nous amène à formuler des recommandations relatives à l’élaboration d’éventuelles politiques publiques à l’échelle nationale ainsi qu’à l’organisation des services de santé dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso.

Research paper thumbnail of Du concept d'indigence aux interventions de santé publique : réflexions du Burkina Faso

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific r... more HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Du concept d’indigence aux interventions de santé publique réflexions du Burkina Faso Nicole Atchessi, Manuela de Allegri, Kadidiatou Kadio, Emilie Pigeon-Gagné , Samiratou Ouedraogo, Valéry Ridde

Research paper thumbnail of La maladie mentale et la folie : représentations sociales des troubles de santé mentale à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

Sciences Sociales et Santé

Research paper thumbnail of Explanatory models of psychotic-like experiences in rural Burkina Faso: A qualitative study among indigents and their community

SSM - Mental Health

Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, psychiatric care for severe mental disorders is scarce. This i... more Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, psychiatric care for severe mental disorders is scarce. This is especially true for people living in chronic poverty in rural areas. The way in which people with psychotic manifestations are socially perceived and treated remains under-researched, limiting the possibility of adapting services to their needs. Methods: In May 2017, 29 semi-structured individual interviews with indigent people reporting psychotic-like experiences and 8 focus groups with members of their community were conducted in the rural region of Di ebougou (Burkina Faso). Indigents were questioned on their subjective interpretation regarding these experiences. Community members were asked about their perceptions of people manifesting psychotic-like experiences. A thematic analysis was carried out. Results: Three distinct conceptions of psychotic-like experiences were identified. First, these experiences were often understood as a reflection of a mental disorder involving evil supernatural entities. Second, some people were considered as possessing a faculty that conferred supernatural powers that could be used for healing purposes. Finally, psychotic-like experiences might also reflect a temporary disturbance for which no significant repercussions were raised. Conclusions: This study suggests that certain manifestations qualified as psychotic according to the biomedical nosology seem to be considered differently from communities' perspectives. These experiences were frequently interpreted as being personal and not requiring medical attention or even as socially valuable faculties. Although psychotic-like experiences were not always perceived negatively, people who experienced them were reluctant to talk about them. This suggests that a form of stigmatization is associated with psychotic-like experiences.

Research paper thumbnail of Leading health systems change through research from within West and Central African experiences

Ghana Medical Journal

Health problems are often driven by complex embedded intertwined social determinants of health. I... more Health problems are often driven by complex embedded intertwined social determinants of health. Individual interventions, isolated from system considerations, rarely result in sustainable solutions. As noted by Rutter et al., “Instead of asking whether an intervention works to fix a problem, researchers should aim to identify if and how it contributes to reshaping a system in favourable ways” Research and capacity strengthening to generate and implement solutions need to be appropriate to the context and focus on policies and systems as well as specific interventions. There is a need to strengthen national and sub-national capacities and systems for contextually relevant evidence generation rather than just focusing on identifying “proven effective interventions” for transfer to varying contexts in a travelling models approach. This supplement presents experiences and research findings from efforts by West and Central African researchers to address pressing health problems collabora...

Research paper thumbnail of Explanatory models of psychotic-like experiences in rural Burkina Faso: A qualitative study among indigents and their community

Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, psychiatric care for severe mental disorders is scarce. This i... more Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, psychiatric care for severe mental disorders is scarce. This is especially true for people living in chronic poverty in rural areas. The way in which people with psychotic manifestations are socially perceived and treated remains under-researched, limiting the possibility of adapting services to their needs. Methods: In May 2017, 29 semi-structured individual interviews with indigent people reporting psychotic-like experiences and 8 focus groups with members of their community were conducted in the rural region of Di ebougou (Burkina Faso). Indigents were questioned on their subjective interpretation regarding these experiences. Community members were asked about their perceptions of people manifesting psychotic-like experiences. A thematic analysis was carried out. Results: Three distinct conceptions of psychotic-like experiences were identified. First, these experiences were often understood as a reflection of a mental disorder involving evil supernatural entities. Second, some people were considered as possessing a faculty that conferred supernatural powers that could be used for healing purposes. Finally, psychotic-like experiences might also reflect a temporary disturbance for which no significant repercussions were raised. Conclusions: This study suggests that certain manifestations qualified as psychotic according to the biomedical nosology seem to be considered differently from communities' perspectives. These experiences were frequently interpreted as being personal and not requiring medical attention or even as socially valuable faculties. Although psychotic-like experiences were not always perceived negatively, people who experienced them were reluctant to talk about them. This suggests that a form of stigmatization is associated with psychotic-like experiences.

Research paper thumbnail of Itinéraires thérapeutiques et accès aux soins en santé mentale : une ethnographie au Burkina Faso

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and determinants of mental health among an indigent population in rural Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study

Journal of Global Health Reports

Background In Burkina Faso, prevalence of mental health disorders and the characteristics of peop... more Background In Burkina Faso, prevalence of mental health disorders and the characteristics of people living with these disorders are scarce, especially among the poorest. Methods This study aims at providing a descriptive portrait of the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and their determinants among indigent individuals living in rural Burkina Faso. A cross-sectional design was chosen, using a stratified sampling procedure. A questionnaire comprising 73 questions was administered to 1314 respondents. Results Mental health symptoms were grouped into three types: anxiodepressive, somatic and psychotic. A total of 1234 (93.9 %) participants reported having experienced at least one anxiodepressive symptom and 1087 (82.7%) respondents reported at least one somatic symptom one month prior to the interview. Furthermore, 256 (19.5%) participants reported at least one psychotic symptom in their lifetime. Differences in the expression of distress between regions were noted as well as a feelin...

Research paper thumbnail of An exploratory study assessing psychological distress of indigents in Burkina Faso: a step forward in understanding mental health needs in West Africa

International Journal for Equity in Health