Aaron Gutiérrez | Universitat Rovira i Virgili (original) (raw)

Peer-reviewed journal articles by Aaron Gutiérrez

Research paper thumbnail of Profiling tourists' use of public transport through smart travel card data

Journal of Transport Geography, 2020

Highlights • Smart card data are used to define public transport passenger profiles. • The study ... more Highlights • Smart card data are used to define public transport passenger profiles. • The study is based on a coastal tourist destination during peak season. • The analysis focuses on travellers using a multipersonal transport fare. • Model-based clustering is used to identify passenger profiles. • The method provides useful information for public transport policy and management. Abstract Data collected through smart travel cards in public transport networks have become a valuable source of information for transport geography studies. During the last two decades, a growing body of literature has used this sort of data source to study the behaviour of public transport users in cities and regions around the world. However, its use has been scarce in contexts where public transport demand is highly influenced by the activities of the tourist sector. Therefore, it remains to be seen whether these data can be leveraged to optimize the supply of public transport. In this article, data drawn from the Camp de Tarragona automated fare collection system extracted during 2018 are used to study tourists' use of public transport in Costa Daurada (Catalonia, Spain). This is a popular coastal destination with a high concentration of visitors during the summer period. The analysis f ocuses on the use of the T-10, a multipersonal transport fare with no time limitations on its use which makes it appealing for tourists. Model-based clustering has been applied to identify different clusters of passengers according to their activity and spatial profiles. Differences between profiles are significant and, as a result, this study allowed the validation of a method that could be replicated in other contexts, as it provides highly useful information for public transport policy and mobility management.

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Research paper thumbnail of COVID-19 and urban public transport services: emerging challenges and research agenda

Cities & Health, 2020

This article explores the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for public transport. Three eleme... more This article explores the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for public transport. Three elements are explored. Firstly, the short-term effects, including perceptions of public transport as a vector of virus transmission and shifts towards less-sustainable modes of transport.
Secondly, we discuss key challenges such as the new difficulties of providing safe and reliable public transport services, the consequent barriers for the promotion of sustainable and healthy urban mobilities and the potential exacerbation of inequalities. Finally, we assess future
research directions focussing on how pandemics should be monitored and the need to construct sustainable and human-scale cities.

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Research paper thumbnail of Understanding the spatiality of short-term rentals in Spain: Airbnb and the intensification of the commodification of housing

Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 2020

This article analyses the spatiality of the proliferation of short-term rentals in Spain. The stu... more This article analyses the spatiality of the proliferation of short-term rentals in Spain. The study was based on geolocalised data for all the Airbnb listings in the country. A multiscale analysis enabled us to identify the socioeconomic , tourism market and housing stock variables that have had the greatest influence on the proliferation of short-term rental offers. The results obtained confirmed that Airbnb listings exhibit a pattern of concentration that validates the central hypothesis of this study: the uneven distribution of Airbnb listings has a strong spatial correlation with the potential for generating new profits in the housing market. At the national level, the urban areas with the highest concentration of Airbnb listings are those with the highest tourist demand. These are the largest cities, coastal tourist regions and archipelagos. At the city level, clusters of Airbnb concentrations are located in central areas where short-term rentals tend to be more expensive. They are also located in working-class neighbourhoods with lower housing prices with great potential for investors due to their proximity to tourist sites. These findings provide new evidence of how the so-called sharing economy is playing a central role in the intensification of the commodification of housing and how this is correlated with the intensive touristification of urban areas.

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Research paper thumbnail of Identifying the Socio-Spatial Logics of Foreclosed Housing Accumulated by Large Private Landlords in Post-Crisis Catalan Cities

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2020

The article analyses the socio-spatial logic behind the accumulation of foreclosed housing in the... more The article analyses the socio-spatial logic behind the accumulation of foreclosed housing in the hands of large private landlords in the neighbourhoods of all the Catalan cities with over 100,000 inhabitants. Spatial regression and clustering techniques are applied to identify the determinants of the concentration patterns of 10,725 housing units in these cities. The socioeconomic variables, such as income level, percentage of foreign population, level of studies or percentage of unemployed residents, are identified as key explanatory factors of clustering of foreclosures in working-class neighbourhoods. A high presence of previously mortgaged homes is a variable especially relevant in the case of working-class neighbourhoods, but it has no incidence in the case of the medium-high class neighbourhoods. Our findings provide a detailed urban geography of the housing accumulated by banks which, at the same time, correspond to areas in which the vulture funds are focusing their business in the present and in the forthcoming years. New evidences of the spatial logic of the housing crisis and detailed information for the understanding of the new scenarios that have emerged during the post-crisis phase are revealed.

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Research paper thumbnail of Understanding the spatiality of short-term rentals in Spain: Airbnb and the intensification of the commodification of housing

Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 2020

This article analyses the spatiality of the proliferation of short-term rentals in Spain. The stu... more This article analyses the spatiality of the proliferation of short-term rentals in Spain. The study was based on geolocalised data for all the Airbnb listings in the country. A multiscale analysis enabled us to identify the socioeconomic , tourism market and housing stock variables that have had the greatest influence on the proliferation of short-term rental offers. The results obtained confirmed that Airbnb listings exhibit a pattern of concentration that validates the central hypothesis of this study: the uneven distribution of Airbnb listings has a strong spatial correlation with the potential for generating new profits in the housing market. At the national level, the urban areas with the highest concentration of Airbnb listings are those with the highest tourist demand. These are the largest cities, coastal tourist regions and archipelagos. At the city level, clusters of Airbnb concentrations are located in central areas where short-term rentals tend to be more expensive. They are also located in working-class neighbourhoods with lower housing prices with great potential for investors due to their proximity to tourist sites. These findings provide new evidence of how the so-called sharing economy is playing a central role in the intensification of the commodification of housing and how this is correlated with the intensive touristification of urban areas.

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Research paper thumbnail of Built environment and urban cruise tourists' mobility

Annals of Tourism Research, 2020

The article studies the relationship between the characteristics of the built environment and the... more The article studies the relationship between the characteristics of the built environment and the spatial behaviour of cruise passengers in a city. For this purpos e, the mobility of c ruise passengers visiting the city of Tarragona (Catalonia) is monitored by means of GPS tracking technologies and analysed through the use of Geographic Information Systems. In order to identify what determines the spatial behaviour of cruise passengers, consideration has been given to diverse and multiple indicators related to the syntax of the urban s pace, the physical attributes of the urban space, the commercial activity and the visibility of tourist points of int erest. Results show that the visibility of tourist points of interest and the type of economic activity found in the streets of Tarragona have more influence over the spatial behaviour of the cruise passengers than other factors relat ed to the characteristics of the urban lay out. The resulting information is particularly valuable for city management, since it provides a better knowledge of the characteristics of the areas that cruis e tourists move t hrough and spend more time in.

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Research paper thumbnail of The contribution of football clubs to the international projection of cities: a causal analysis based on German and English cases

Sport in Society, 2019

The study analyses the extent to which the presence of a football club with an international proj... more The study analyses the extent to which the presence of a football club with an international projection increases the visibility and global projection of the city that it belongs to. It specifically focuses on knowledge of a selection of English and German cities. The analysis is based on probabilistic methodology and uses data from surveys completed by Catalan university students. Our findings demonstrate that cities with famous football clubs are better known than others from the same country and similar urban hierarchy. Moreover, the best-known cities are also the ones where football has the greatest weight in the overall knowledge of the city. Furthermore, the study also demonstrates that the inclusion of the name of the city in that of the football club becomes a key factor for determining the intensity of the previously mentioned effects.

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Research paper thumbnail of High-speed rail, tourists' destination choice, and length of stay: A survival model analysis

Tourism Economics, 2019

High-speed rail, tourists' destination choice and length of stay: A survival model analysis. Tour... more High-speed rail, tourists' destination choice and length of stay: A survival model analysis. Tourism Economics. Abstract We analysed the determinants of the length of stay for tourists arriving in a Mediterranean coastal destination by means of high-speed rail (HSR) service. This study is based on data obtained from a survey completed by HSR passengers returning from holiday in Costa Daurada (Catalonia). The empirical analysis is based on estimations made using a survival model. The influence of the availability of HSR service on tourists' destination choices together with the tourists' profiles, party structure or accommodation characteristics were used as explanatory variables. Results revealed that the existence of HSR services played a minor role in tourists' decision of whether to visit the Costa Daurada. Also, evidence suggests that the existence of the HSR station would only affect the length of stay of those tourists who stay overnight in second residences.

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Research paper thumbnail of Mining bus travel card data for analysing mobilities in tourist regions Mining bus travel card data for analysing mobilities in tourist regions

Journal of Maps, 2020

Mobilities that take place in coastal tourist regions are not regular in time nor in space, since... more Mobilities that take place in coastal tourist regions are not regular in time nor in space, since the arrival of tourists follows a distinctly seasonal pattern. A key agent in the mobility sector, such as the public transport, is directly affected by these alterations. This article aims at analysing this phenomenon from a geographical perspective, by means of the use of big (geo)data generated by travel cards that monitor the demand for interurban public transport in the region of Camp de Tarragona, in south Catalonia. The maps presented in this article constitute a first attempt to appraise the impact of seasonality of tourist activities on public transport demand in coastal tourist regions. They allow detailing large spatiotemporal fluctuations in the use of public transport between winter and summer periods, and also significant differences in daily time slots between both periods. The results are from interest to understand the mobilities in tourist regions and for agents involved in public transport provision and tourism management. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of cruise tourists' expenditure visiting port cities

Tourism Review, 2019

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to detect the determinants of cruise tourists' expenditure l... more Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to detect the determinants of cruise tourists' expenditure level during their visits to an emergent Mediterranean port city. The article also aims to discuss its findings and contrast them with previous similar studies in other territorial contexts. Design/methodology/approach-The study is based on surveys conducted on 1,010 cruise tourists that visited the city of Tarragona (Catalonia) during 2017. An ordered logit model is implemented to measure the impact of different variables related to the tourists' characteristics and their activities developed at the destination. Findings-Results underline diverse significant influences of multiple factors on the expenditures, such as the travel party, the age of the visitors, the length of stay and the tourists' activities in the city. Although no incidence has been detected of variables related to the satisfaction with the visit of the cruise passengers in general, a positive association has been identified for those cruise passengers travelling on super-sized ships. Originality/value-This study tests the effect of different variables that the literature pinpointed as determinants of the cruise tourists' expenditures as well as other variables that have been underexplored in existing studies. The findings of this article are of special value for public and private organisations to optimally manage and market cruise tourism and boost the local economic impact. Prop osito : El objetivo principal de este artículo es detectar los determinantes del nivel de gasto econ omico de los turistas de cruceros durante sus visitas en una ciudad portuaria emergente y mediterránea. El artículo tambi en pretende discutir sus hallazgos y contrastarlos con estudios similares realizados previamente enotros contextos territoriales. Diseño/Metodología : El estudio se basa en encuestas realizadas a 1.010 turistas de cruceros que visitaron la ciudad de Tarragona (Catalunya) durante 2017. Se ha implementado un modelo logit ordenado, para medir el impacto de diferentes variables relacionadas con las características de los turistas y sus actividades desarrolladas en el destino. Resultados : Los resultados subrayan diversas influencias significativas de múltiples factores sobre los gastos econ omicos de los turistas de cruceros, como el tamaño del grupo de viaje, la edad de los Antoni Dom enech and Aaron Guti errez are both based

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Research paper thumbnail of Transport Mode Choice by Tourists Transferring from a Peripheral High-Speed Rail Station to Their Destinations: Empirical Evidence from Costa Daurada

Sustainability, 2019

This article analyses the factors that determine the mode of transport (bus, taxi or private car)... more This article analyses the factors that determine the mode of transport (bus, taxi or private car) chosen by tourists for transfers from a peripherally located high-speed rail station to their final destination. The study is based on a survey completed by tourists who used high-speed rail services to travel to the Costa Daurada, a tourism area on the Mediterranean coast of Southern Catalonia, Spain. The results of this study show that variables associated with the characteristics of the stay had a more decisive influence upon the decisions made by the travellers than the socio-demographic profiles of the tourists surveyed. The availability of direct public transport services for transfers from the station to the final destinations was a much more relevant factor than the cost and duration of the resulting trip. This study provides empirical evidence of the importance of accessibility for peripheral stations. In these cases, good connections via public transport apparently play a key role in both improving tourism development and promoting more sustainable mobility within the region.

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Research paper thumbnail of Cruise passengers' spatial behaviour and expenditure levels at destination

Tourism Planning & Development, 2019

The article uses the spatial-temporal behaviour of cruise passengers at a given destination as an... more The article uses the spatial-temporal behaviour of cruise passengers at a given destination as an explanatory factor of their expenditure. First, it shows that different expenditure levels imply different mobility patterns. Second, it identifies the spatial-temporal variables that better explain the cruise passengers' expenditure at destination. GPS tracking technologies are employed to monitor the mobility of cruise passengers in the city of Tarragona (Catalonia) along with traditional surveys about their expenditure in the city. The combination of both sources allowed for the observation that those tourists with a higher per-capita expenditure are those who spend more time onshore, visit a lower number of tourist sites and spend more time in places with a tourist-oriented, mixed commercial and recreational function. This more thorough knowledge of the relationship between spatial-temporal behaviour and expenditure of cruise passengers at an onshore destination is essential for planning the commercial supply and the management of tourists' mobility.

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Research paper thumbnail of The mortgage crisis and evictions in Barcelona: identifying the determinants of the spatial clustering of foreclosures

European Planning Studies, 2018

The article identifies the determinants of the uneven spatial distribution of housing accumulated... more The article identifies the determinants of the uneven spatial distribution of housing accumulated by banks via foreclosures in the city of Barcelona. Working with a new data source, we geolocalised foreclosed housing and analysed its tendency to spatially cluster. Using the bivariate version of the Local Moran Indicator, we confirmed the spatial correlation between the concentration of foreclosed housing and indicators of the socioeconomic vulnerability of the neighbourhoods containing it. We also applied an OLS model to identify and weight the determinants of this clustering at the neighbourhood level. Our findings revealed that the growth of unemployment, the concentration of (non-EU) immigrant population and a greater presence of residents with low levels of studies were the key variables that explain the uneven geography of foreclosures in Barcelona. The results obtained also allowed us to characterise the spatial distribution of the housing accumulated by the banks during the mortgage crisis. As a result of the massive wave of evictions, banks have emerged as large-scale property owners in Spain and key agents for present and future housing policies.

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Research paper thumbnail of Acumulación de viviendas por parte de los bancos a través de los desahucios: geografía de la desposesión de vivienda en Cataluña

EURE, 2018

resumen | La extensión de los desahucios desde 2008 es una manifestación de las consecuencias del... more resumen | La extensión de los desahucios desde 2008 es una manifestación de las consecuencias del modelo inmobiliario y financiero español, y también el mecanismo necesario para mantener la lógica de este modelo de acumulación por desposesión. Así, los desahucios por ejecución hipotecaria están alimentando un proceso de con-centración de vivienda en manos de la banca. El trabajo aborda el análisis de este proceso a través del estudio de la concentración de la propiedad y la emergencia de unos nuevos grandes propietarios de vivienda y de sus lógicas territoriales en Cata-luña. Concluimos argumentando que las llamadas soluciones a la crisis han supuesto la intensificación del desarrollo geográfico desigual mediante la apropiación de rentas urbanas a través de la desposesión de vivienda. Mientras bbva y Bankia son las enti-dades que han concentrado más ayudas públicas, son también las que más vivienda vacía proveniente de desahucios acumulan, concentrándose, además, en los barrios más precarizados. palabras clave | desigualdades regionales, mercado inmobiliario, vivienda. abstract | The extension of evictions since 2008 is a manifestation of the consequences of the Spanish real estate and financial model, as well as a needed mechanism to maintain the logic of the model of accumulation by dispossession. The evictions due to foreclosures are fuelling a process of accumulation of housing in hands of bank entities. This paper studies the process of ownership concentration and the emergence of new grand landlords and, secondly, develops an analysis of the territorial logics of this process in Catalonia. We conclude by arguing that the so-called solutions to the crisis have led to the intensification of uneven geographical development through the appropriation of urban incomes through dispossession housing. In this sense, while bbva and Bankia are the entities that have concentrated most public funds, they are also the ones that have accumulated most empty housing units acquired by foreclosures. These housing units are concentrated in the most precarious neighborhoods. keywords | regional inequalities, real estate market, housing.

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Research paper thumbnail of High-speed rail and tourism destination choice: the role and significance of the Camp de Tarragona station for passengers visiting the Costa Daurada

Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 2018

We analysed how the availability of high-speed rail (HSR) services affects destination choices am... more We analysed how the availability of high-speed rail (HSR) services affects destination choices among tourists who have arrived by HSR. To that end, we used data from a survey of travellers at Camp de Tarragona Station in Catalonia, Spain, and applied a probabilistic method to measure the increase in probability of visiting the Costa Daurada due to the existence of the HSR station. Results demonstrated a slight increase in the probability of visiting the destination (14.1%), which varied significantly according to the sociodemographic profile of tourists and the characteristics of their travel and stays.

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Research paper thumbnail of Influencia de la alta velocidad ferroviaria en la elección del destino turístico según el origen de los viajeros. El caso de la Costa Dorada en Cataluña

Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, 2018

La llegada de la alta velocidad ferroviaria (AVF) a Tarragona en 2006 añade otra opción de transp... more La llegada de la alta velocidad ferroviaria (AVF) a Tarragona en 2006 añade otra opción de transporte para los turistas que se desplazan hasta un destino litoral como es la Costa Dorada (Cataluña). Mediante la aplicación de un método probabilístico causal hemos calculado el incremento en la probabilidad de que este destino turístico haya sido visitado debido a la existencia de la estación de AVF Camp de Tarragona. El trabajo se ha basado en los resultados de una encuesta a pasajeros españoles de la AVF que han realizado sus vacaciones en la Costa Dorada. Los resultados muestran que el incremento de probabilidad es mayor entre aquellos que residen en regiones más alejadas. Este incremento es de un 12% entre los pasajeros españoles de la AVF procedentes de Aragón y un 16,6% entre los de Madrid, regiones que representan casi dos terceras partes de los pasajeros de la muestra. Se ha demostrado también la existencia de importantes diferencias de carácter sociodemográfico y en relación con las características del viaje y de la estancia en función de la región de origen de los pasajeros.

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Research paper thumbnail of Spatial Analysis of Clustering of Foreclosures in the Poorest-Quality Housing Urban Areas: Evidence from Catalan Cities

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2018

This paper uses data on housing stock owned by financial entities as a result of foreclosures to ... more This paper uses data on housing stock owned by financial entities as a result of foreclosures to analyze (1) the spatial logic of Spain's mortgage crisis in urban areas, and (2) the characteristics of the types of housing most affected by this phenomenon. Nearest-Neighbor Index and Ripley's K function analyses were applied in two Catalan cities (Tarragona and Terrassa). The results obtained show that foreclosures tend to be concentrated in the most deprived neighborhoods. The general pattern of clustering also tends to be most intense for smaller and cheaper housing. Our findings show that home foreclosures have been concentrated in only a few neighborhoods and precisely in those containing the poorest-quality housing stock. They also provide new evidence of the characteristics and spatial patterns of the housing stock accumulated by banks in Catalonia as a result of the recent wave of evictions associated with foreclosures.

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Research paper thumbnail of Extracting rents through foreclosures: The rescue of Catalunya Banc as a new urban strategy following the burst of the Spanish bubble

Miscellanea Geographica, 2017

Using the paradigmatic example of Catalunya Banc, this paper analyses the Spanish varieties of th... more Using the paradigmatic example of Catalunya Banc, this paper analyses the Spanish varieties of the new financial engineering used to appropriate urban rent by home dispossession. It aims to contribute to the study of the new forms of financialization that have appeared since 2008. Particular attention is given to the role of the state, the emergence of private equity funds as global real estate owners and how this has translated into a wave of evictions due to mortgage foreclosures. In short, this article highlights the implications of the uneven development resulting from the exhaustion
of the so-called Spanish model of accumulation during the real estate boom years.

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Research paper thumbnail of Geografía de los desahucios por ejecución hipotecaria en las ciudades españolas: evidencias a partir de las viviendas propiedad de la SAREB

Revista de Geografía Norte Grande, 2017

El estallido de la burbuja inmobiliaria y el inicio de la crisis financiero-inmobiliaria se han t... more El estallido de la burbuja inmobiliaria y el inicio de la crisis financiero-inmobiliaria se han traducido, en España, en la mayor proliferación de las ejecuciones hipotecarias y desahucios de Europa occidental. Ello pone en evidencia las lógicas depredadoras del modelo inmobiliario español, el cual ha alimentado un gigantesco proceso de desposesión de vivienda. El artículo aporta evidencias del desigual desarrollo de la crisis hipotecaria en las ciudades españolas a partir de la explotación de datos del stock de vivienda en manos de la SAREB proveniente de ejecuciones hipotecarias. El análisis territorial de la distribución de las viviendas propiedad de la SAREB en tres ciudades (Alicante, Murcia y Zaragoza) permite identificar los barrios con una especial afectación de procesos de desposesión de vivienda. Los resultados demuestran como las ejecuciones hipotecarias están tendiendo a concentrarse en los barrios más vulnerables, profundizando su situación de precariedad. Ello evidencia como la crisis financiero-inmobiliaria está contribuyendo a profundizar las desigualdades urbanas.

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Research paper thumbnail of Spanish mortgage crisis and accumulation of foreclosed housing by SAREB: a geographical approach

Journal of Maps, 2017

SAREB (Sociedad de Gestión de Activos Procedentes de la Reestructuración Bancaria – Company for t... more SAREB (Sociedad de Gestión de Activos Procedentes de la Reestructuración Bancaria – Company for the Management of Assets proceeding from the Restructuring of the Banking System) has played a key role in the process of restructuring the Spanish banking system and managing the property assets of the banks since the bursting of the housing bubble. This company has concentrated the housing stock that the rescued banks had accumulated through foreclosures. As a result, the identification of the territorial patterns of its assets is key to understanding the spatial logics of the housing crisis in Spain. There are no publicly available data about the location of the housing stock in the hands of SAREB. For this reason, the study explores an alternative secondary source. The resulting map allowed the researchers to check the utility of this source and to carry out calculations of spatial correlation using indicators relating to the impact of the property boom in different municipalities. This made it possible to spatially correlate exposure to the hyperproduction of housing and the concentration of housing in the hands of SAREB as a result of mortgage foreclosures and to open a route towards a novel geographical reading of Spain's mortgage crisis.

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Research paper thumbnail of Profiling tourists' use of public transport through smart travel card data

Journal of Transport Geography, 2020

Highlights • Smart card data are used to define public transport passenger profiles. • The study ... more Highlights • Smart card data are used to define public transport passenger profiles. • The study is based on a coastal tourist destination during peak season. • The analysis focuses on travellers using a multipersonal transport fare. • Model-based clustering is used to identify passenger profiles. • The method provides useful information for public transport policy and management. Abstract Data collected through smart travel cards in public transport networks have become a valuable source of information for transport geography studies. During the last two decades, a growing body of literature has used this sort of data source to study the behaviour of public transport users in cities and regions around the world. However, its use has been scarce in contexts where public transport demand is highly influenced by the activities of the tourist sector. Therefore, it remains to be seen whether these data can be leveraged to optimize the supply of public transport. In this article, data drawn from the Camp de Tarragona automated fare collection system extracted during 2018 are used to study tourists' use of public transport in Costa Daurada (Catalonia, Spain). This is a popular coastal destination with a high concentration of visitors during the summer period. The analysis f ocuses on the use of the T-10, a multipersonal transport fare with no time limitations on its use which makes it appealing for tourists. Model-based clustering has been applied to identify different clusters of passengers according to their activity and spatial profiles. Differences between profiles are significant and, as a result, this study allowed the validation of a method that could be replicated in other contexts, as it provides highly useful information for public transport policy and mobility management.

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Research paper thumbnail of COVID-19 and urban public transport services: emerging challenges and research agenda

Cities & Health, 2020

This article explores the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for public transport. Three eleme... more This article explores the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for public transport. Three elements are explored. Firstly, the short-term effects, including perceptions of public transport as a vector of virus transmission and shifts towards less-sustainable modes of transport.
Secondly, we discuss key challenges such as the new difficulties of providing safe and reliable public transport services, the consequent barriers for the promotion of sustainable and healthy urban mobilities and the potential exacerbation of inequalities. Finally, we assess future
research directions focussing on how pandemics should be monitored and the need to construct sustainable and human-scale cities.

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Research paper thumbnail of Understanding the spatiality of short-term rentals in Spain: Airbnb and the intensification of the commodification of housing

Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 2020

This article analyses the spatiality of the proliferation of short-term rentals in Spain. The stu... more This article analyses the spatiality of the proliferation of short-term rentals in Spain. The study was based on geolocalised data for all the Airbnb listings in the country. A multiscale analysis enabled us to identify the socioeconomic , tourism market and housing stock variables that have had the greatest influence on the proliferation of short-term rental offers. The results obtained confirmed that Airbnb listings exhibit a pattern of concentration that validates the central hypothesis of this study: the uneven distribution of Airbnb listings has a strong spatial correlation with the potential for generating new profits in the housing market. At the national level, the urban areas with the highest concentration of Airbnb listings are those with the highest tourist demand. These are the largest cities, coastal tourist regions and archipelagos. At the city level, clusters of Airbnb concentrations are located in central areas where short-term rentals tend to be more expensive. They are also located in working-class neighbourhoods with lower housing prices with great potential for investors due to their proximity to tourist sites. These findings provide new evidence of how the so-called sharing economy is playing a central role in the intensification of the commodification of housing and how this is correlated with the intensive touristification of urban areas.

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Research paper thumbnail of Identifying the Socio-Spatial Logics of Foreclosed Housing Accumulated by Large Private Landlords in Post-Crisis Catalan Cities

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2020

The article analyses the socio-spatial logic behind the accumulation of foreclosed housing in the... more The article analyses the socio-spatial logic behind the accumulation of foreclosed housing in the hands of large private landlords in the neighbourhoods of all the Catalan cities with over 100,000 inhabitants. Spatial regression and clustering techniques are applied to identify the determinants of the concentration patterns of 10,725 housing units in these cities. The socioeconomic variables, such as income level, percentage of foreign population, level of studies or percentage of unemployed residents, are identified as key explanatory factors of clustering of foreclosures in working-class neighbourhoods. A high presence of previously mortgaged homes is a variable especially relevant in the case of working-class neighbourhoods, but it has no incidence in the case of the medium-high class neighbourhoods. Our findings provide a detailed urban geography of the housing accumulated by banks which, at the same time, correspond to areas in which the vulture funds are focusing their business in the present and in the forthcoming years. New evidences of the spatial logic of the housing crisis and detailed information for the understanding of the new scenarios that have emerged during the post-crisis phase are revealed.

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Research paper thumbnail of Understanding the spatiality of short-term rentals in Spain: Airbnb and the intensification of the commodification of housing

Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 2020

This article analyses the spatiality of the proliferation of short-term rentals in Spain. The stu... more This article analyses the spatiality of the proliferation of short-term rentals in Spain. The study was based on geolocalised data for all the Airbnb listings in the country. A multiscale analysis enabled us to identify the socioeconomic , tourism market and housing stock variables that have had the greatest influence on the proliferation of short-term rental offers. The results obtained confirmed that Airbnb listings exhibit a pattern of concentration that validates the central hypothesis of this study: the uneven distribution of Airbnb listings has a strong spatial correlation with the potential for generating new profits in the housing market. At the national level, the urban areas with the highest concentration of Airbnb listings are those with the highest tourist demand. These are the largest cities, coastal tourist regions and archipelagos. At the city level, clusters of Airbnb concentrations are located in central areas where short-term rentals tend to be more expensive. They are also located in working-class neighbourhoods with lower housing prices with great potential for investors due to their proximity to tourist sites. These findings provide new evidence of how the so-called sharing economy is playing a central role in the intensification of the commodification of housing and how this is correlated with the intensive touristification of urban areas.

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Research paper thumbnail of Built environment and urban cruise tourists' mobility

Annals of Tourism Research, 2020

The article studies the relationship between the characteristics of the built environment and the... more The article studies the relationship between the characteristics of the built environment and the spatial behaviour of cruise passengers in a city. For this purpos e, the mobility of c ruise passengers visiting the city of Tarragona (Catalonia) is monitored by means of GPS tracking technologies and analysed through the use of Geographic Information Systems. In order to identify what determines the spatial behaviour of cruise passengers, consideration has been given to diverse and multiple indicators related to the syntax of the urban s pace, the physical attributes of the urban space, the commercial activity and the visibility of tourist points of int erest. Results show that the visibility of tourist points of interest and the type of economic activity found in the streets of Tarragona have more influence over the spatial behaviour of the cruise passengers than other factors relat ed to the characteristics of the urban lay out. The resulting information is particularly valuable for city management, since it provides a better knowledge of the characteristics of the areas that cruis e tourists move t hrough and spend more time in.

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Research paper thumbnail of The contribution of football clubs to the international projection of cities: a causal analysis based on German and English cases

Sport in Society, 2019

The study analyses the extent to which the presence of a football club with an international proj... more The study analyses the extent to which the presence of a football club with an international projection increases the visibility and global projection of the city that it belongs to. It specifically focuses on knowledge of a selection of English and German cities. The analysis is based on probabilistic methodology and uses data from surveys completed by Catalan university students. Our findings demonstrate that cities with famous football clubs are better known than others from the same country and similar urban hierarchy. Moreover, the best-known cities are also the ones where football has the greatest weight in the overall knowledge of the city. Furthermore, the study also demonstrates that the inclusion of the name of the city in that of the football club becomes a key factor for determining the intensity of the previously mentioned effects.

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Research paper thumbnail of High-speed rail, tourists' destination choice, and length of stay: A survival model analysis

Tourism Economics, 2019

High-speed rail, tourists' destination choice and length of stay: A survival model analysis. Tour... more High-speed rail, tourists' destination choice and length of stay: A survival model analysis. Tourism Economics. Abstract We analysed the determinants of the length of stay for tourists arriving in a Mediterranean coastal destination by means of high-speed rail (HSR) service. This study is based on data obtained from a survey completed by HSR passengers returning from holiday in Costa Daurada (Catalonia). The empirical analysis is based on estimations made using a survival model. The influence of the availability of HSR service on tourists' destination choices together with the tourists' profiles, party structure or accommodation characteristics were used as explanatory variables. Results revealed that the existence of HSR services played a minor role in tourists' decision of whether to visit the Costa Daurada. Also, evidence suggests that the existence of the HSR station would only affect the length of stay of those tourists who stay overnight in second residences.

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Research paper thumbnail of Mining bus travel card data for analysing mobilities in tourist regions Mining bus travel card data for analysing mobilities in tourist regions

Journal of Maps, 2020

Mobilities that take place in coastal tourist regions are not regular in time nor in space, since... more Mobilities that take place in coastal tourist regions are not regular in time nor in space, since the arrival of tourists follows a distinctly seasonal pattern. A key agent in the mobility sector, such as the public transport, is directly affected by these alterations. This article aims at analysing this phenomenon from a geographical perspective, by means of the use of big (geo)data generated by travel cards that monitor the demand for interurban public transport in the region of Camp de Tarragona, in south Catalonia. The maps presented in this article constitute a first attempt to appraise the impact of seasonality of tourist activities on public transport demand in coastal tourist regions. They allow detailing large spatiotemporal fluctuations in the use of public transport between winter and summer periods, and also significant differences in daily time slots between both periods. The results are from interest to understand the mobilities in tourist regions and for agents involved in public transport provision and tourism management. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of cruise tourists' expenditure visiting port cities

Tourism Review, 2019

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to detect the determinants of cruise tourists' expenditure l... more Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to detect the determinants of cruise tourists' expenditure level during their visits to an emergent Mediterranean port city. The article also aims to discuss its findings and contrast them with previous similar studies in other territorial contexts. Design/methodology/approach-The study is based on surveys conducted on 1,010 cruise tourists that visited the city of Tarragona (Catalonia) during 2017. An ordered logit model is implemented to measure the impact of different variables related to the tourists' characteristics and their activities developed at the destination. Findings-Results underline diverse significant influences of multiple factors on the expenditures, such as the travel party, the age of the visitors, the length of stay and the tourists' activities in the city. Although no incidence has been detected of variables related to the satisfaction with the visit of the cruise passengers in general, a positive association has been identified for those cruise passengers travelling on super-sized ships. Originality/value-This study tests the effect of different variables that the literature pinpointed as determinants of the cruise tourists' expenditures as well as other variables that have been underexplored in existing studies. The findings of this article are of special value for public and private organisations to optimally manage and market cruise tourism and boost the local economic impact. Prop osito : El objetivo principal de este artículo es detectar los determinantes del nivel de gasto econ omico de los turistas de cruceros durante sus visitas en una ciudad portuaria emergente y mediterránea. El artículo tambi en pretende discutir sus hallazgos y contrastarlos con estudios similares realizados previamente enotros contextos territoriales. Diseño/Metodología : El estudio se basa en encuestas realizadas a 1.010 turistas de cruceros que visitaron la ciudad de Tarragona (Catalunya) durante 2017. Se ha implementado un modelo logit ordenado, para medir el impacto de diferentes variables relacionadas con las características de los turistas y sus actividades desarrolladas en el destino. Resultados : Los resultados subrayan diversas influencias significativas de múltiples factores sobre los gastos econ omicos de los turistas de cruceros, como el tamaño del grupo de viaje, la edad de los Antoni Dom enech and Aaron Guti errez are both based

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Research paper thumbnail of Transport Mode Choice by Tourists Transferring from a Peripheral High-Speed Rail Station to Their Destinations: Empirical Evidence from Costa Daurada

Sustainability, 2019

This article analyses the factors that determine the mode of transport (bus, taxi or private car)... more This article analyses the factors that determine the mode of transport (bus, taxi or private car) chosen by tourists for transfers from a peripherally located high-speed rail station to their final destination. The study is based on a survey completed by tourists who used high-speed rail services to travel to the Costa Daurada, a tourism area on the Mediterranean coast of Southern Catalonia, Spain. The results of this study show that variables associated with the characteristics of the stay had a more decisive influence upon the decisions made by the travellers than the socio-demographic profiles of the tourists surveyed. The availability of direct public transport services for transfers from the station to the final destinations was a much more relevant factor than the cost and duration of the resulting trip. This study provides empirical evidence of the importance of accessibility for peripheral stations. In these cases, good connections via public transport apparently play a key role in both improving tourism development and promoting more sustainable mobility within the region.

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Research paper thumbnail of Cruise passengers' spatial behaviour and expenditure levels at destination

Tourism Planning & Development, 2019

The article uses the spatial-temporal behaviour of cruise passengers at a given destination as an... more The article uses the spatial-temporal behaviour of cruise passengers at a given destination as an explanatory factor of their expenditure. First, it shows that different expenditure levels imply different mobility patterns. Second, it identifies the spatial-temporal variables that better explain the cruise passengers' expenditure at destination. GPS tracking technologies are employed to monitor the mobility of cruise passengers in the city of Tarragona (Catalonia) along with traditional surveys about their expenditure in the city. The combination of both sources allowed for the observation that those tourists with a higher per-capita expenditure are those who spend more time onshore, visit a lower number of tourist sites and spend more time in places with a tourist-oriented, mixed commercial and recreational function. This more thorough knowledge of the relationship between spatial-temporal behaviour and expenditure of cruise passengers at an onshore destination is essential for planning the commercial supply and the management of tourists' mobility.

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Research paper thumbnail of The mortgage crisis and evictions in Barcelona: identifying the determinants of the spatial clustering of foreclosures

European Planning Studies, 2018

The article identifies the determinants of the uneven spatial distribution of housing accumulated... more The article identifies the determinants of the uneven spatial distribution of housing accumulated by banks via foreclosures in the city of Barcelona. Working with a new data source, we geolocalised foreclosed housing and analysed its tendency to spatially cluster. Using the bivariate version of the Local Moran Indicator, we confirmed the spatial correlation between the concentration of foreclosed housing and indicators of the socioeconomic vulnerability of the neighbourhoods containing it. We also applied an OLS model to identify and weight the determinants of this clustering at the neighbourhood level. Our findings revealed that the growth of unemployment, the concentration of (non-EU) immigrant population and a greater presence of residents with low levels of studies were the key variables that explain the uneven geography of foreclosures in Barcelona. The results obtained also allowed us to characterise the spatial distribution of the housing accumulated by the banks during the mortgage crisis. As a result of the massive wave of evictions, banks have emerged as large-scale property owners in Spain and key agents for present and future housing policies.

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Research paper thumbnail of Acumulación de viviendas por parte de los bancos a través de los desahucios: geografía de la desposesión de vivienda en Cataluña

EURE, 2018

resumen | La extensión de los desahucios desde 2008 es una manifestación de las consecuencias del... more resumen | La extensión de los desahucios desde 2008 es una manifestación de las consecuencias del modelo inmobiliario y financiero español, y también el mecanismo necesario para mantener la lógica de este modelo de acumulación por desposesión. Así, los desahucios por ejecución hipotecaria están alimentando un proceso de con-centración de vivienda en manos de la banca. El trabajo aborda el análisis de este proceso a través del estudio de la concentración de la propiedad y la emergencia de unos nuevos grandes propietarios de vivienda y de sus lógicas territoriales en Cata-luña. Concluimos argumentando que las llamadas soluciones a la crisis han supuesto la intensificación del desarrollo geográfico desigual mediante la apropiación de rentas urbanas a través de la desposesión de vivienda. Mientras bbva y Bankia son las enti-dades que han concentrado más ayudas públicas, son también las que más vivienda vacía proveniente de desahucios acumulan, concentrándose, además, en los barrios más precarizados. palabras clave | desigualdades regionales, mercado inmobiliario, vivienda. abstract | The extension of evictions since 2008 is a manifestation of the consequences of the Spanish real estate and financial model, as well as a needed mechanism to maintain the logic of the model of accumulation by dispossession. The evictions due to foreclosures are fuelling a process of accumulation of housing in hands of bank entities. This paper studies the process of ownership concentration and the emergence of new grand landlords and, secondly, develops an analysis of the territorial logics of this process in Catalonia. We conclude by arguing that the so-called solutions to the crisis have led to the intensification of uneven geographical development through the appropriation of urban incomes through dispossession housing. In this sense, while bbva and Bankia are the entities that have concentrated most public funds, they are also the ones that have accumulated most empty housing units acquired by foreclosures. These housing units are concentrated in the most precarious neighborhoods. keywords | regional inequalities, real estate market, housing.

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Research paper thumbnail of High-speed rail and tourism destination choice: the role and significance of the Camp de Tarragona station for passengers visiting the Costa Daurada

Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 2018

We analysed how the availability of high-speed rail (HSR) services affects destination choices am... more We analysed how the availability of high-speed rail (HSR) services affects destination choices among tourists who have arrived by HSR. To that end, we used data from a survey of travellers at Camp de Tarragona Station in Catalonia, Spain, and applied a probabilistic method to measure the increase in probability of visiting the Costa Daurada due to the existence of the HSR station. Results demonstrated a slight increase in the probability of visiting the destination (14.1%), which varied significantly according to the sociodemographic profile of tourists and the characteristics of their travel and stays.

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Research paper thumbnail of Influencia de la alta velocidad ferroviaria en la elección del destino turístico según el origen de los viajeros. El caso de la Costa Dorada en Cataluña

Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, 2018

La llegada de la alta velocidad ferroviaria (AVF) a Tarragona en 2006 añade otra opción de transp... more La llegada de la alta velocidad ferroviaria (AVF) a Tarragona en 2006 añade otra opción de transporte para los turistas que se desplazan hasta un destino litoral como es la Costa Dorada (Cataluña). Mediante la aplicación de un método probabilístico causal hemos calculado el incremento en la probabilidad de que este destino turístico haya sido visitado debido a la existencia de la estación de AVF Camp de Tarragona. El trabajo se ha basado en los resultados de una encuesta a pasajeros españoles de la AVF que han realizado sus vacaciones en la Costa Dorada. Los resultados muestran que el incremento de probabilidad es mayor entre aquellos que residen en regiones más alejadas. Este incremento es de un 12% entre los pasajeros españoles de la AVF procedentes de Aragón y un 16,6% entre los de Madrid, regiones que representan casi dos terceras partes de los pasajeros de la muestra. Se ha demostrado también la existencia de importantes diferencias de carácter sociodemográfico y en relación con las características del viaje y de la estancia en función de la región de origen de los pasajeros.

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Research paper thumbnail of Spatial Analysis of Clustering of Foreclosures in the Poorest-Quality Housing Urban Areas: Evidence from Catalan Cities

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2018

This paper uses data on housing stock owned by financial entities as a result of foreclosures to ... more This paper uses data on housing stock owned by financial entities as a result of foreclosures to analyze (1) the spatial logic of Spain's mortgage crisis in urban areas, and (2) the characteristics of the types of housing most affected by this phenomenon. Nearest-Neighbor Index and Ripley's K function analyses were applied in two Catalan cities (Tarragona and Terrassa). The results obtained show that foreclosures tend to be concentrated in the most deprived neighborhoods. The general pattern of clustering also tends to be most intense for smaller and cheaper housing. Our findings show that home foreclosures have been concentrated in only a few neighborhoods and precisely in those containing the poorest-quality housing stock. They also provide new evidence of the characteristics and spatial patterns of the housing stock accumulated by banks in Catalonia as a result of the recent wave of evictions associated with foreclosures.

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Research paper thumbnail of Extracting rents through foreclosures: The rescue of Catalunya Banc as a new urban strategy following the burst of the Spanish bubble

Miscellanea Geographica, 2017

Using the paradigmatic example of Catalunya Banc, this paper analyses the Spanish varieties of th... more Using the paradigmatic example of Catalunya Banc, this paper analyses the Spanish varieties of the new financial engineering used to appropriate urban rent by home dispossession. It aims to contribute to the study of the new forms of financialization that have appeared since 2008. Particular attention is given to the role of the state, the emergence of private equity funds as global real estate owners and how this has translated into a wave of evictions due to mortgage foreclosures. In short, this article highlights the implications of the uneven development resulting from the exhaustion
of the so-called Spanish model of accumulation during the real estate boom years.

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Research paper thumbnail of Geografía de los desahucios por ejecución hipotecaria en las ciudades españolas: evidencias a partir de las viviendas propiedad de la SAREB

Revista de Geografía Norte Grande, 2017

El estallido de la burbuja inmobiliaria y el inicio de la crisis financiero-inmobiliaria se han t... more El estallido de la burbuja inmobiliaria y el inicio de la crisis financiero-inmobiliaria se han traducido, en España, en la mayor proliferación de las ejecuciones hipotecarias y desahucios de Europa occidental. Ello pone en evidencia las lógicas depredadoras del modelo inmobiliario español, el cual ha alimentado un gigantesco proceso de desposesión de vivienda. El artículo aporta evidencias del desigual desarrollo de la crisis hipotecaria en las ciudades españolas a partir de la explotación de datos del stock de vivienda en manos de la SAREB proveniente de ejecuciones hipotecarias. El análisis territorial de la distribución de las viviendas propiedad de la SAREB en tres ciudades (Alicante, Murcia y Zaragoza) permite identificar los barrios con una especial afectación de procesos de desposesión de vivienda. Los resultados demuestran como las ejecuciones hipotecarias están tendiendo a concentrarse en los barrios más vulnerables, profundizando su situación de precariedad. Ello evidencia como la crisis financiero-inmobiliaria está contribuyendo a profundizar las desigualdades urbanas.

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Research paper thumbnail of Spanish mortgage crisis and accumulation of foreclosed housing by SAREB: a geographical approach

Journal of Maps, 2017

SAREB (Sociedad de Gestión de Activos Procedentes de la Reestructuración Bancaria – Company for t... more SAREB (Sociedad de Gestión de Activos Procedentes de la Reestructuración Bancaria – Company for the Management of Assets proceeding from the Restructuring of the Banking System) has played a key role in the process of restructuring the Spanish banking system and managing the property assets of the banks since the bursting of the housing bubble. This company has concentrated the housing stock that the rescued banks had accumulated through foreclosures. As a result, the identification of the territorial patterns of its assets is key to understanding the spatial logics of the housing crisis in Spain. There are no publicly available data about the location of the housing stock in the hands of SAREB. For this reason, the study explores an alternative secondary source. The resulting map allowed the researchers to check the utility of this source and to carry out calculations of spatial correlation using indicators relating to the impact of the property boom in different municipalities. This made it possible to spatially correlate exposure to the hyperproduction of housing and the concentration of housing in the hands of SAREB as a result of mortgage foreclosures and to open a route towards a novel geographical reading of Spain's mortgage crisis.

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Research paper thumbnail of Towards an Affordable GIS for Analysing Public Transport Mobility Data: A Preliminary File Naming Convention for Avoiding Duplication of Efforts

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management (GISTAM 2020), 2020

Automated fare collection systems for public transport generate a large volume of information on ... more Automated fare collection systems for public transport generate a large volume of information on the mobility of people in urban environments. New technologies associated with Big Data can facilitate the analysis of these data. However, the application of these technologies can be expensive and resource-demanding, especially in medium and small cities. This paper presents the case of the metropolitan transport authority of Tarragona, for which an affordable and extensible analysis system has been developed, based on relational databases and custom scripts. Among the technical problems that have had to be overcome, one of the first has been the unambiguous definition of the numerous queries required by mobility experts. For different reasons, mobility researchers request aggregate data queries from smart transport cards logs (e.g. providing a descriptive statement) and expect manageable tables to be analysed in a spreadsheet. To standardise the definition of queries, a domain-specific language as a file naming convention has been proposed with which database managers and mobility experts can communicate efficiently, avoiding confusion, duplication of efforts and other problems detected. The file naming convention has been applied as an early version within the defined use case to verify the viability of this idea.

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Research paper thumbnail of Migraciones residenciales en Cataluña (2003-2012) ¿Cambios de pautas a partir de la crisis económica? (Aaron Gutiérrez & Xavier Delclòs, 2014)

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Research paper thumbnail of Crisis económica y contrastes socioterritoriales en Cataluña: una aproximación a partir de las ciudades medias (Aaron Gutiérrez & Xavier Delclòs, 2014).

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Research paper thumbnail of Pautas territoriales de la sobreproducción de vivienda en Cataluña durante el boom inmobiliario. Un análisis de sus lógicas espaciales y los desiguales efectos territoriales (Xavier Delclòs & Aaron Gutiérrez, 2014)

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Research paper thumbnail of El potencial industrial del corredor configurado por la autovía A-2 en las comarcas de Lleida

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Research paper thumbnail of Los efectos territoriales del crecimiento y la producción inmobiliaria en ciudades medias españolas. El caso de Lleida (1990-2012)

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Research paper thumbnail of La regeneración integral de barrios en Cataluña mediante la "Llei de Barris": análisis comparado y valoración de los casos de "La Mariola" (Lleida) y Campclar (Tarragona)

Polígonos. Revista de Geografía, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of Universitat, Innovació i desenvolupament regional a les comarques de Tarragona

Publicacions URV, 2017

L’estudi Universitat, innovació i desenvolupament regional a les comarques de Tarragona és un enc... more L’estudi Universitat, innovació i desenvolupament regional a les comarques de Tarragona és un encàrrec de la Càtedra Universitat i Regió del Coneixement, que està patrocinada per la Diputació de Tarragona i el Banc Santander. El contingut de l’estudi es fonamenta en una anàlisi geogràfica regional per identificar les característiques de les comarques de la demarcació de Tarragona com a regió del coneixement i, al mateix temps, destacar els reptes i les oportunitats que ha d’afrontar aquest espai per aconseguir-ho plenament. Amb la finalitat anteriorment ressenyada, s’analitzen les característiques socioeconòmiques, demogràfiques i urbanístiques de la regió dins el context de la societat de la innovació i del coneixement, en la qual les universitats, en aliança amb les empreses i les institucions, hi tenen un paper fonamental. L’estudi permet destacar alguns punts febles de la societat establerta a les comarques meridionals, com els desequilibris regionals, el nivell de formació, la feble governança supralocal, etc. També s’hi identifiquen les fortaleses i oportunitats que cal estimular i no desaprofitar, com la mateixa estructura urbana o la dotació infraestructural, malgrat els colls d’ampolla existents. En resum, el text permet constatar fets i apuntar reflexions que haurien d’ajudar a impulsar sinergies en favor d’una estratègia de desenvolupament integral basada en el coneixement i la innovació. Una estratègia de desenvolupament on la Universitat hi ha de jugar un paper destacat, però també la resta d’actors públics i privats implicats.

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