Javier Merchán Sánchez-Jara | University of Salamanca (original) (raw)

Papers by Javier Merchán Sánchez-Jara

Research paper thumbnail of Jazz Standards: From the Manuscript to Multiple Possibilities Through Computation

Research paper thumbnail of Collaborative Composition and Urban Popular Music in Digital Music Didactics

Education Sciences, Jul 28, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of The Co-Poem Project: Didactic Resources and Pedagogical Projection for Musical Education in Primary School

Education in the Knowledge Society (EKS)

Orally transmitted traditional music constitutes an invaluable intangible legacy for understandin... more Orally transmitted traditional music constitutes an invaluable intangible legacy for understanding the development of local cultures and observing social dynamics over time. The Co-Poem project aims to make a significant corpus of these musical cultures available to any user in the Mediterranean basin by creating the I-Folk database, which allows access and consultation through semantic technologies and artificial intelligence, to promote knowledge of this cultural reality and perpetuate its intergenerational transmission. The conceptualization of both resources is oriented to the practice of music teaching in primary education. From this point of view, the structure of metadata that musically describes each work and the implementation of access resources to the corpus under study are analyzed from the point of view of the pedagogical function. All these issues are materialized in creation of various educational resources based on the possibilities of the I-Folk database to promote ...

Research paper thumbnail of Edición académica digital y procesos de evaluación en el territorio de las humanidades digital

La comunicación a la vanguardia: Tendencias, métodos y perspectivas, 2021, ISBN 978-84-7074-899-8, págs. 1508-1529, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Humanidades digitales y ecosistema educativo: hacia una nueva estructura epistémica desde las didácticas digitales

Anuario Think EPI, Dec 8, 2022

González-Gutiérrez, Sara; Merchán-Sánchez-Jara, Javier (2022). "Humanidades digitales y ecosistem... more González-Gutiérrez, Sara; Merchán-Sánchez-Jara, Javier (2022). "Humanidades digitales y ecosistema educativo: hacia una nueva estructura epistémica desde las didácticas digitales". Anuario ThinkEPI, v. 16, e16a35.

Research paper thumbnail of Las evaluaciones y pruebas de diagnóstico como instrumentos de la política educativa: significado y balance de su aplicación

Research paper thumbnail of Escritura y lectura en la web social. Interacciones, nuevos roles y construcción identitaria

Caracteres: Estudios Culturales y Críticos de la Esfera Digital, 2019

Caracteres. Estudios culturales y críticos de la esfera digital Caracteres es una revista académi... more Caracteres. Estudios culturales y críticos de la esfera digital Caracteres es una revista académica interdisciplinar y plurilingüe orientada al análisis crítico de la cultura, el pensamiento y la sociedad de la esfera digital. Esta publicación prestará especial atención a las colaboraciones que aporten nuevas perspectivas sobre los ámbitos de estudio que cubre, dentro del espacio de las Humanidades Digitales. Puede consultar las normas de publicación en la web (http://revistacaracteres.net/normativa/).

Research paper thumbnail of Partituras electrónicas : lectoescritura musical en el ámbito digital

Partituras electrónicas, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Music Reading in Digital Environments; Apps for Tablets

Reading music allows, through different processes, learnt abilities and previous experiences, for... more Reading music allows, through different processes, learnt abilities and previous experiences, for the recreation or interpretation of the musical message which had been previously coded using one of the many notation systems available. In the same way, reading music enables the experienced musician to generate musical images internally, which silently represent the coded message. The most generic processes and characteristics amongst musical reading will be analysed, along with the most common forms and applications of these reading models and the most widely used codes and notation systems. In the second part, the development and use of new tecnologies for reading music in electronic devices are described and the penetration of these tools in the musical community analysed and classified, bearing in mind the most common types and functions and the characteristics and basic functionalities of the most representative applications. Some solutions, developed in order to deal with histo...

Research paper thumbnail of Youtube y Los Simulacros De La Reacción a La Música: Retóricas De La Exégesis Musical y Didácticas Informales en La Era De La Videocracia

YOUTUBE Y LOS SIMULACROS DE LA REACCIÓN A LA MÚSICA: RETÓRICAS DE LA EXÉGESIS MUSICAL Y DIDÁCTICAS INFORMALES EN LA ERA DE LA VIDEOCRACIA, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Identificación y análisis de factores de desapego de la lectura digital en el entorno académico: una revisión crítica de la bibliografía

El Profesional de la información, 2022

The factors that predetermine and condition reading practices in the digital environment are one ... more The factors that predetermine and condition reading practices in the digital environment are one of the hottest and most productive research objects. This article studies the factors and contexts that produce rejection of or detachment from the adoption of digital compared with printed texts in the educational environment. For this, a systematic review of the literature was carried out through a critical analysis of the most relevant works addressing this issue from 2005 to the present day. By applying the methodology proposed by Petticrew and Roberts, a sample (n = 28) synthesizing the most relevant findings published to date in relation to the object of study was selected. The results obtained enable us to identify a series of key factors that predetermine the rejection of digital reading that can be ascribed to three essential categories (esthetic, physiological and cognitive, and pragmatic) and nine subcategories (sensory, emotional, complexity of the text, comprehension and ret...

Research paper thumbnail of Jazz Music in the Educational Institution: A Journey of Translation from the Periphery to the Heart of the Canon of Cultured Music in the West

This paper aims to conform a theoretical approach around the process of insertion and translation... more This paper aims to conform a theoretical approach around the process of insertion and translation of jazz music into the canon of cultured western music, monopolized in a paradigmatic way by European classical music. Starting from a theoretical substratum formed in relation to polysystem theory, postulated by the Israeli researcher Itamar Even-Zohar, the synergies, conjunctures and conditioning factors underlying a movement of translation that has led to the change of consideration of a musical genre such as jazz, from a conception as marginal and minority music, associated with a specific socio-cultural context, to its recognition as one of the most avant-garde, refined and valued artistic expressions of Western culture are analysed.El presente artículo pretende constituirse como una aproximación teórica en torno al proceso de inserción y traslación de la música de jazz en el canon de la música culta en Occidente, monopolizado de manera paradigmática por la música clásica europea. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Ecosistemas educativos para la práctica musical en el entorno de la Web Social: una revisión sistemática de literatura

Revista de Investigación Educativa

In recent years, countless platforms and resources have proliferated in the web environment which... more In recent years, countless platforms and resources have proliferated in the web environment which are devoted to the development of new didactic and methodological strategies in the context of the teaching-learning of music. This paper is a systematic review that aims to identify and critically analyze the main contributions of the scientific literature on the pedagogical, didactic, and methodological transformations that are developed in the webspace. Research papers published between 1990 and 2020 and indexed in the main academic databases have been sought and selected according to a series of relevance criteria, resulting in a study sample n=57. The results show that the web environment is an ecosystem for teaching-learning in a permanent state of development and renewal, which favors the socialization of musical practice, self-learning based on the development of creativity, and the proliferation of systems for self-assessment or assisted tutoring in the environment of learning ...

Research paper thumbnail of Digital editing of scholarly monographs by Spanish publishers in Library and Information Science

The current state of the Spanish market of the academic digital books is analyzed. To do this, a ... more The current state of the Spanish market of the academic digital books is analyzed. To do this, a set of publishers selected by various experts as the most prestigious within the field of Library and Information Science was chosen. The analyzed parameters focus on digital production percentage in relation to the size of the publisher, existing formats, information offered and the access facilities. Results show that digital publishing is a little significant phenomenon, that has been developed without well defined strategies. This fact translates into a scarce availability of titles and formats, as well as a lack of many of the features that the new medium offers

Research paper thumbnail of Universo Roald Dahl: la magia a golpe de click

Research paper thumbnail of Universo de Roald Dahl o como integrar diferentes asignaturas en un proyecto común II

Memoria ID-0085. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovacion docente, curso 2016-2017.

Research paper thumbnail of Plan de investigación: Hacia un modelo hipermedia para la edición académica de textos musicales en la esfera digital basado en el estándar MEI (Music Encoding Initiative); integración de tradiciones ocultas dentro del paradigma de la edición

El presente proyecto defiende la hipótesis que afirma que el actual desarrollo tecnológico posibi... more El presente proyecto defiende la hipótesis que afirma que el actual desarrollo tecnológico posibilita el diseño de sistemas que integren la edición académica de texto musicales en el entorno web, con las funcionalidades y recursos necesarios para el consumo digital de la edición en el ámbito interpretativo, integrando las denominadas tradiciones ocultas. Además, el proyecto está motivado por la confluencia de una serie de coyunturas que le otorgan un alto grado de interés académico

Research paper thumbnail of Towards a hypermedia model for digital scholarly edition of musical texts based on MEI (Music Encoding Initiative) standard: Integration of hidden traditions within social editing paradigm

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality, 2017

Digital scholarly editions are substantially modifying the way musical editions has been thought ... more Digital scholarly editions are substantially modifying the way musical editions has been thought and conceptualized over long periods of time. It's hypermedia capabilities, and its multi-layered structure makes it possible to put in context different sources and testimonies in a virtual space where all objects are semantically related, as well as to take into account explicit distinctions about original sources, related historical information, or editorial interventions. Music digital scholarly editions embodied an interactive nature allowing users to choose from different outputs or reading paths on the bias of different purposes; namely musicological study, learning/teaching activities or performing. In this context, this Ph.D. dissertation aims to develop a theoretical model for the integration of performing variants (technical and/or expressive) that are transmitted orally or through informal channels (marks, notes or text annotations), and usually from teacher to student, w...

Research paper thumbnail of Reseña: Leyendo entre pantallas, de Raquel Gómez Díaz, Araceli García Rodríguez, José Antonio Cordón García y Julio Alonso Arévalo

Review of the book "Leyendo entre pantallas" by Raquel Gómez Díaz, Araceli García Rodrí... more Review of the book "Leyendo entre pantallas" by Raquel Gómez Díaz, Araceli García Rodríguez, José Antonio Cordón García and Julio Alonso Arévalo.

Research paper thumbnail of Encoding, Analysing and Modeling I-Folk: A New Database of Iberian Folk Music

8th International Conference on Digital Libraries for Musicology, 2021

Folk music is a fundamental immaterial heritage that promotes cultural identity. However, it lack... more Folk music is a fundamental immaterial heritage that promotes cultural identity. However, it lacks a substantial body of open access materials, and its promotion has been disconnected from the education curriculum. In this context, facilitated access to annotated high-quality folk music content can promote better educational tools and enhance cultural heritage literacy. Based on this, we advance and detail three main contributions: 1) a standardized model to musically annotate Iberian folk music; 2) a new database, named I-Folk, with annotated files following the proposed model; and 3) tools for navigating and retrieving folk music contents from the database. A particular emphasis is given to the educational application of the proposed model, contents, and tools in education. Ultimately, we strive for the promotion of Iberian folk music to the educators’ community.

Research paper thumbnail of Jazz Standards: From the Manuscript to Multiple Possibilities Through Computation

Research paper thumbnail of Collaborative Composition and Urban Popular Music in Digital Music Didactics

Education Sciences, Jul 28, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of The Co-Poem Project: Didactic Resources and Pedagogical Projection for Musical Education in Primary School

Education in the Knowledge Society (EKS)

Orally transmitted traditional music constitutes an invaluable intangible legacy for understandin... more Orally transmitted traditional music constitutes an invaluable intangible legacy for understanding the development of local cultures and observing social dynamics over time. The Co-Poem project aims to make a significant corpus of these musical cultures available to any user in the Mediterranean basin by creating the I-Folk database, which allows access and consultation through semantic technologies and artificial intelligence, to promote knowledge of this cultural reality and perpetuate its intergenerational transmission. The conceptualization of both resources is oriented to the practice of music teaching in primary education. From this point of view, the structure of metadata that musically describes each work and the implementation of access resources to the corpus under study are analyzed from the point of view of the pedagogical function. All these issues are materialized in creation of various educational resources based on the possibilities of the I-Folk database to promote ...

Research paper thumbnail of Edición académica digital y procesos de evaluación en el territorio de las humanidades digital

La comunicación a la vanguardia: Tendencias, métodos y perspectivas, 2021, ISBN 978-84-7074-899-8, págs. 1508-1529, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Humanidades digitales y ecosistema educativo: hacia una nueva estructura epistémica desde las didácticas digitales

Anuario Think EPI, Dec 8, 2022

González-Gutiérrez, Sara; Merchán-Sánchez-Jara, Javier (2022). "Humanidades digitales y ecosistem... more González-Gutiérrez, Sara; Merchán-Sánchez-Jara, Javier (2022). "Humanidades digitales y ecosistema educativo: hacia una nueva estructura epistémica desde las didácticas digitales". Anuario ThinkEPI, v. 16, e16a35.

Research paper thumbnail of Las evaluaciones y pruebas de diagnóstico como instrumentos de la política educativa: significado y balance de su aplicación

Research paper thumbnail of Escritura y lectura en la web social. Interacciones, nuevos roles y construcción identitaria

Caracteres: Estudios Culturales y Críticos de la Esfera Digital, 2019

Caracteres. Estudios culturales y críticos de la esfera digital Caracteres es una revista académi... more Caracteres. Estudios culturales y críticos de la esfera digital Caracteres es una revista académica interdisciplinar y plurilingüe orientada al análisis crítico de la cultura, el pensamiento y la sociedad de la esfera digital. Esta publicación prestará especial atención a las colaboraciones que aporten nuevas perspectivas sobre los ámbitos de estudio que cubre, dentro del espacio de las Humanidades Digitales. Puede consultar las normas de publicación en la web (http://revistacaracteres.net/normativa/).

Research paper thumbnail of Partituras electrónicas : lectoescritura musical en el ámbito digital

Partituras electrónicas, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Music Reading in Digital Environments; Apps for Tablets

Reading music allows, through different processes, learnt abilities and previous experiences, for... more Reading music allows, through different processes, learnt abilities and previous experiences, for the recreation or interpretation of the musical message which had been previously coded using one of the many notation systems available. In the same way, reading music enables the experienced musician to generate musical images internally, which silently represent the coded message. The most generic processes and characteristics amongst musical reading will be analysed, along with the most common forms and applications of these reading models and the most widely used codes and notation systems. In the second part, the development and use of new tecnologies for reading music in electronic devices are described and the penetration of these tools in the musical community analysed and classified, bearing in mind the most common types and functions and the characteristics and basic functionalities of the most representative applications. Some solutions, developed in order to deal with histo...

Research paper thumbnail of Youtube y Los Simulacros De La Reacción a La Música: Retóricas De La Exégesis Musical y Didácticas Informales en La Era De La Videocracia

YOUTUBE Y LOS SIMULACROS DE LA REACCIÓN A LA MÚSICA: RETÓRICAS DE LA EXÉGESIS MUSICAL Y DIDÁCTICAS INFORMALES EN LA ERA DE LA VIDEOCRACIA, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Identificación y análisis de factores de desapego de la lectura digital en el entorno académico: una revisión crítica de la bibliografía

El Profesional de la información, 2022

The factors that predetermine and condition reading practices in the digital environment are one ... more The factors that predetermine and condition reading practices in the digital environment are one of the hottest and most productive research objects. This article studies the factors and contexts that produce rejection of or detachment from the adoption of digital compared with printed texts in the educational environment. For this, a systematic review of the literature was carried out through a critical analysis of the most relevant works addressing this issue from 2005 to the present day. By applying the methodology proposed by Petticrew and Roberts, a sample (n = 28) synthesizing the most relevant findings published to date in relation to the object of study was selected. The results obtained enable us to identify a series of key factors that predetermine the rejection of digital reading that can be ascribed to three essential categories (esthetic, physiological and cognitive, and pragmatic) and nine subcategories (sensory, emotional, complexity of the text, comprehension and ret...

Research paper thumbnail of Jazz Music in the Educational Institution: A Journey of Translation from the Periphery to the Heart of the Canon of Cultured Music in the West

This paper aims to conform a theoretical approach around the process of insertion and translation... more This paper aims to conform a theoretical approach around the process of insertion and translation of jazz music into the canon of cultured western music, monopolized in a paradigmatic way by European classical music. Starting from a theoretical substratum formed in relation to polysystem theory, postulated by the Israeli researcher Itamar Even-Zohar, the synergies, conjunctures and conditioning factors underlying a movement of translation that has led to the change of consideration of a musical genre such as jazz, from a conception as marginal and minority music, associated with a specific socio-cultural context, to its recognition as one of the most avant-garde, refined and valued artistic expressions of Western culture are analysed.El presente artículo pretende constituirse como una aproximación teórica en torno al proceso de inserción y traslación de la música de jazz en el canon de la música culta en Occidente, monopolizado de manera paradigmática por la música clásica europea. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Ecosistemas educativos para la práctica musical en el entorno de la Web Social: una revisión sistemática de literatura

Revista de Investigación Educativa

In recent years, countless platforms and resources have proliferated in the web environment which... more In recent years, countless platforms and resources have proliferated in the web environment which are devoted to the development of new didactic and methodological strategies in the context of the teaching-learning of music. This paper is a systematic review that aims to identify and critically analyze the main contributions of the scientific literature on the pedagogical, didactic, and methodological transformations that are developed in the webspace. Research papers published between 1990 and 2020 and indexed in the main academic databases have been sought and selected according to a series of relevance criteria, resulting in a study sample n=57. The results show that the web environment is an ecosystem for teaching-learning in a permanent state of development and renewal, which favors the socialization of musical practice, self-learning based on the development of creativity, and the proliferation of systems for self-assessment or assisted tutoring in the environment of learning ...

Research paper thumbnail of Digital editing of scholarly monographs by Spanish publishers in Library and Information Science

The current state of the Spanish market of the academic digital books is analyzed. To do this, a ... more The current state of the Spanish market of the academic digital books is analyzed. To do this, a set of publishers selected by various experts as the most prestigious within the field of Library and Information Science was chosen. The analyzed parameters focus on digital production percentage in relation to the size of the publisher, existing formats, information offered and the access facilities. Results show that digital publishing is a little significant phenomenon, that has been developed without well defined strategies. This fact translates into a scarce availability of titles and formats, as well as a lack of many of the features that the new medium offers

Research paper thumbnail of Universo Roald Dahl: la magia a golpe de click

Research paper thumbnail of Universo de Roald Dahl o como integrar diferentes asignaturas en un proyecto común II

Memoria ID-0085. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovacion docente, curso 2016-2017.

Research paper thumbnail of Plan de investigación: Hacia un modelo hipermedia para la edición académica de textos musicales en la esfera digital basado en el estándar MEI (Music Encoding Initiative); integración de tradiciones ocultas dentro del paradigma de la edición

El presente proyecto defiende la hipótesis que afirma que el actual desarrollo tecnológico posibi... more El presente proyecto defiende la hipótesis que afirma que el actual desarrollo tecnológico posibilita el diseño de sistemas que integren la edición académica de texto musicales en el entorno web, con las funcionalidades y recursos necesarios para el consumo digital de la edición en el ámbito interpretativo, integrando las denominadas tradiciones ocultas. Además, el proyecto está motivado por la confluencia de una serie de coyunturas que le otorgan un alto grado de interés académico

Research paper thumbnail of Towards a hypermedia model for digital scholarly edition of musical texts based on MEI (Music Encoding Initiative) standard: Integration of hidden traditions within social editing paradigm

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality, 2017

Digital scholarly editions are substantially modifying the way musical editions has been thought ... more Digital scholarly editions are substantially modifying the way musical editions has been thought and conceptualized over long periods of time. It's hypermedia capabilities, and its multi-layered structure makes it possible to put in context different sources and testimonies in a virtual space where all objects are semantically related, as well as to take into account explicit distinctions about original sources, related historical information, or editorial interventions. Music digital scholarly editions embodied an interactive nature allowing users to choose from different outputs or reading paths on the bias of different purposes; namely musicological study, learning/teaching activities or performing. In this context, this Ph.D. dissertation aims to develop a theoretical model for the integration of performing variants (technical and/or expressive) that are transmitted orally or through informal channels (marks, notes or text annotations), and usually from teacher to student, w...

Research paper thumbnail of Reseña: Leyendo entre pantallas, de Raquel Gómez Díaz, Araceli García Rodríguez, José Antonio Cordón García y Julio Alonso Arévalo

Review of the book "Leyendo entre pantallas" by Raquel Gómez Díaz, Araceli García Rodrí... more Review of the book "Leyendo entre pantallas" by Raquel Gómez Díaz, Araceli García Rodríguez, José Antonio Cordón García and Julio Alonso Arévalo.

Research paper thumbnail of Encoding, Analysing and Modeling I-Folk: A New Database of Iberian Folk Music

8th International Conference on Digital Libraries for Musicology, 2021

Folk music is a fundamental immaterial heritage that promotes cultural identity. However, it lack... more Folk music is a fundamental immaterial heritage that promotes cultural identity. However, it lacks a substantial body of open access materials, and its promotion has been disconnected from the education curriculum. In this context, facilitated access to annotated high-quality folk music content can promote better educational tools and enhance cultural heritage literacy. Based on this, we advance and detail three main contributions: 1) a standardized model to musically annotate Iberian folk music; 2) a new database, named I-Folk, with annotated files following the proposed model; and 3) tools for navigating and retrieving folk music contents from the database. A particular emphasis is given to the educational application of the proposed model, contents, and tools in education. Ultimately, we strive for the promotion of Iberian folk music to the educators’ community.

Research paper thumbnail of 2021 _ Lectura, edición académica y creación literaria en el medio digital: una transformación silenciosa en la era de las Humanidades digitales

Pedro M. Cátedra & Juan Miguel Valero (dirs.), Javier Burguillo & Javier Merchán Sánchez-Jara (ed... more Pedro M. Cátedra & Juan Miguel Valero (dirs.), Javier Burguillo & Javier Merchán Sánchez-Jara (eds.), Patrimonio textual y Humanidades digitales, VIII. Lectura, edición académica y creación literaria en el medio digital: una transformación silenciosa en la era de las Humanidades digitales, Salamanca: Instituto de Estudios Medievales y Renacentistas y de Humanidades Digitales, Sociedad de Estudios Medievales y Renacentistas, 2021. ISBN 978-84-121557-8-5

Research paper thumbnail of El copista en el valle de los ecos: fuentes y recursos especializados para el estudio de la música

Research paper thumbnail of Universo Roald Dahl: la magia a golpe de click. I Congreso Iberoamericano de Memorias del Agua

GARCÍA-RODRÍGUEZ, Araceli; GÓMEZ-DÍAZ, Raquel; DANTAS, Taisa; MANGAS VEGA, Almudena; MERCHÁN SÁNC... more GARCÍA-RODRÍGUEZ, Araceli; GÓMEZ-DÍAZ, Raquel; DANTAS, Taisa; MANGAS VEGA, Almudena; MERCHÁN SÁNCHEZ-JARA, Javier; MÚÑOZ RICO, María; RAMOS ALONSO, Alberto; CORDÓN GARCÍA, José Antonio. Universo Roald Dahl: la magia a golpe de click. I Congreso Iberoamericano de Memorias del Agua. Sevilla, 24 de marzo de 2017.

Research paper thumbnail of Otra onda. Una aproximación didáctica al mundo exocanónico.

Leer.es, 2021

Este proyecto ofrece al profesorado y alumnado de ESO y Bachillerato siete capítulos en los que v... more Este proyecto ofrece al profesorado y alumnado de ESO y Bachillerato siete capítulos en los que varios expertos y expertas de la Universidad de Salamanca son entrevistados sobre materias o cuestiones relevantes, útiles e interesantes para la sociedad actual, pero que han quedado tradicionalmente fuera del canon escolar: la ciencia ficción, los videojuegos, el rock progresivo o la realidad de las personas trans son algunas de las materias abordadas a lo largo de estos programas.
Se han planteado como entrevistas breves para un público amplio donde los temas abordados se tratan pensando en la docencia, el debate y, también, la investigación. Además, cada capítulo va acompañado de una serie de propuestas didácticas que sirven como base para presentar estos y otros temas con enfoques adaptados para múltiples circunstancias. Esto incluye debates, talleres de radio y lecturas complementarias: actividades que han sido diseñadas por estos investigadores con el objetivo de estimular el espíritu crítico, desarrollar nuevas destrezas, estimular el respeto y la empatía, y descubrir nuevas áreas de interés dentro y fuera del espacio de las aulas.