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Papers by Bernhard Juurlink

Alberto Bravin received his PhD in Physics at the University of Trieste (Italy) on the developmen... more Alberto Bravin received his PhD in Physics at the University of Trieste (Italy) on the development of X-ray phase contrast imaging. In 1999, he joined the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble (France) and since 2003 he has been in charge of the Bio-medical beamline ID17. At the ESRF, he is leading the preclinical phase contrast imaging programs applied to mammography and cartilage studies and the in-house research program on Microbeam Radiation Therapy applied to brain tumors. Dr. Bravin has co-authored more than 60 peer-reviewed papers.

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided t... more License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The evidence that hypoxia is a precipitating factor in causing earlyMS lesions includes increased protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1

The Journals …, 2008

Oxidative stress drives many aging-associated problems. Because oxidative stress can be decreased... more Oxidative stress drives many aging-associated problems. Because oxidative stress can be decreased by induction of phase 2 proteins, we hypothesized that incorporating the phase 2 protein inducer 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (tBHA) into the diet would result in healthier aging. ...

Veins and Lymphatics, May 14, 2018

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the commonest and most aggressive primary brain tumor in humans.... more Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the commonest and most aggressive primary brain tumor in humans. The high rate of tumor recurrence results in a poor prognosis despite multimodality treatment. One reason for high rate of recurrence is the invasive nature of the tumor into the surrounding normal brain tissue or multifocal occurrence at sites remote from that of the primary tumor establishment. Existing imaging demonstrates the primary tumor but fail to show the residual tumor microaggregates left behind following initial treatment. In this study, we employed diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) in an attempt to find an imaging modality that will provide visualization of residual disease that is not be apparent on MRI or CT scans.

Background: Hypertension is defined as a failure to achieve a blood pressure (BP) target – smalle... more Background: Hypertension is defined as a failure to achieve a blood pressure (BP) target – smaller than 140/90 mmHg. The worldwide burden of hypertension has been associated with globally increased rates of death and disability. There is increasing evidence of strong relation between hypertension and oxidative stress, where either increased oxidative stress or depressed antioxidant level may lead to hypertension. Using stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) rats, previous studies in our laboratory have shown that broccoli sprouts (high in sulforaphane, a phase-2 protein inducer) attenuate BP and inflammation. Objectives: The question this study addressed was whether sulforaphane (a potent phase-2 protein inducer) can attenuate hypertension in the experimental model using the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp). Materials and Methods: Sulforaphane (LKT Laboratories) or vehicle was orally gavaged to SHRsp or Sprague–Dawley rats (SD) daily for 15 weeks. T...

Journal of Neurology and Neuroscience

Background: The current pharmacotherapies longest in use to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) do not ... more Background: The current pharmacotherapies longest in use to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) do not slow progression to disability. The aim of this commentary is to stimulate interest in looking at MS from a new perspective. There is an abundance of evidence that MS is not primarily an autoimmune disease but is a disease where there is first damage to the blood-brain barrier as well as the oligodendrocyte-myelin unit; this damage then elicits an immune response in a subset of people that have an immune system predisposed to attacking myelin-associated antigens. A brief overview is given of the evidence for arterial compliance problems, intracranial compliance problems, venous return problems and hypoperfusion problems in MS. Conclusions: A rationale is given for the conduction of clinical trials examining the ability of dietary changes, hyperbaric oxygen treatment and approaches to improve venous return as means to ameliorate MS.

Proceedings of the …, 2004

Imbalance between production and scavenging of superoxide anion results in hypertension by the in... more Imbalance between production and scavenging of superoxide anion results in hypertension by the inactivation of nitric oxide, and the increased oxidative stress from the resultant peroxynitrite that is produced promotes inflammatory processes such as atherosclerosis. Induction of ...

eid, 1999

The synthetic purine 4-[[3-(1,6 dihydro-6-oxo-9-purin-9-yl)-1-oxypropyl] amino] benzoic acid (AIT... more The synthetic purine 4-[[3-(1,6 dihydro-6-oxo-9-purin-9-yl)-1-oxypropyl] amino] benzoic acid (AIT-082, Neotrofin, leteprinim potassium) possesses several biological properties of note: it stimulates outgrowth of neurites from PC12 cells and neurones, stimulates synthesis and/or release of neurotrophic factors from astrocytes, enhances nerve fibre regeneration in vivo and enhances of memory in animals and humans. AIT-082 also protects against glutamate neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, which has led to successful tests of AIT-082 in animal models of acute central nervous system injury. In such cases, AIT-082 probably functions by both acutely reducing glutamate excitotoxicity and, over a longer period, by enhancing neuronal sprouting and functional recovery.

Journal of Neuroscience Research, 1990

Cell dissociation of E6 chick spinal cord followed by isolation of larger low-density cells by us... more Cell dissociation of E6 chick spinal cord followed by isolation of larger low-density cells by using a discontinuous density metrizamide gradient resulted in the obtention of a motoneuron-enriched fraction of cells. These cells were cultured in the presence of horse serum and muscle extract for a period of 8 days and examined for the presence of calcitonin gene-related peptide. More than 90% of such cells were positive for calcitonin gene-related peptide. When E14 spinal cord was examined, calcitonin gene-related peptide was present only in the axons of primary sensory neurons and in the somas of motoneurons in the ventral horns. It is concluded that more than 90% of the neurons in our cultures are motoneurons.

Glia, 2005

In a study examining for apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we observed the cons... more In a study examining for apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we observed the constitutive presence of activated caspase 3 in Bergmann glia. We then examined stroke-prone SHR as well as the normotensive strains Wistar, Wistar Kyoto, and Sprague-...

The FASEB Journal, 2005

An imbalance between production and scavenging of oxidants is a commonality found in factors that... more An imbalance between production and scavenging of oxidants is a commonality found in factors that result in fetal determinants that negatively affect adult health. We reasoned that a dietary intervention that promotes oxidant scavenging through phase 2 protein induction would have positive effects on fetal programming of adult health. Previously, we demonstrated that a diet containing broccoli sprouts high in glucoraphanin (Grn), precursor of the phase 2 protein inducer sulforaphane, decreased oxidative stress and associated problems in male spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRsp). We hypothesized that placing females on a Grn-containing (Grn+) diet would have similar positive effects and that the adult offspring of such females would have lower blood pressures and less tissue inflammation than offspring from mothers on control diet. We demonstrate that female SHRsp on a Grn+ diet had decreased oxidative stress and associated problems such as hypertension than females on control diet. The offspring of females on Grn+ diet also had lower blood pressures and less tissue inflammation in adulthood regardless of diet, with offspring placed on a Grn+ diet having the best health outcomes. We conclude that reducing oxidative stress in pregnant females has profound outcomes in the health of their adult offspring.

The FASEB Journal, 2005

An imbalance between production and scavenging of oxidants is a commonality found in factors that... more An imbalance between production and scavenging of oxidants is a commonality found in factors that result in fetal determinants that negatively affect adult health. We reasoned that a dietary intervention that promotes oxidant scavenging through phase 2 protein induction would have positive effects on fetal programming of adult health. Previously, we demonstrated that a diet containing broccoli sprouts high in glucoraphanin (Grn), precursor of the phase 2 protein inducer sulforaphane, decreased oxidative stress and associated problems in male spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRsp). We hypothesized that placing females on a Grn-containing (Grn+) diet would have similar positive effects and that the adult offspring of such females would have lower blood pressures and less tissue inflammation than offspring from mothers on control diet. We demonstrate that female SHRsp on a Grn+ diet had decreased oxidative stress and associated problems such as hypertension than females on control diet. The offspring of females on Grn+ diet also had lower blood pressures and less tissue inflammation in adulthood regardless of diet, with offspring placed on a Grn+ diet having the best health outcomes. We conclude that reducing oxidative stress in pregnant females has profound outcomes in the health of their adult offspring.

Journal of neuroscience research, 1990

Cell dissociation of E6 chick spinal cord followed by isolation of larger low-density cells by us... more Cell dissociation of E6 chick spinal cord followed by isolation of larger low-density cells by using a discontinuous density metrizamide gradient resulted in the obtention of a motoneuron-enriched fraction of cells. These cells were cultured in the presence of horse serum and muscle extract for a period of 8 days and examined for the presence of calcitonin gene-related peptide. More than 90% of such cells were positive for calcitonin gene-related peptide. When E14 spinal cord was examined, calcitonin gene-related peptide was present only in the axons of primary sensory neurons and in the somas of motoneurons in the ventral horns. It is concluded that more than 90% of the neurons in our cultures are motoneurons.

American Journal of Hypertension

been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (in humans and in experimental models)

Neurochemical Research, 1987

Mouse astroglial cells were grown during the last week of culture in either glutamine-free or glu... more Mouse astroglial cells were grown during the last week of culture in either glutamine-free or glutamine-containing medium. The addition of cortisol to the glutamine-containing medium resulted in a doubling of astroglial glutamine synthetase (GS) activity. Withdrawal of glutamine from the medium resulted in a 50% elevation of GS and addition of cortisol to such a medium resulted in a further increase in GS which was not additive to glutamine withdrawal. Both in glutamine-free and glutamine-containing medium, the addition of glutamate resulted in a depression of both basal and cortisol induced GS activity. The simultaneous addition of ammonia plus glutamate to the culture medium ameliorated the glutamate mediated depressive effects on cortisol induced but not basal GS activity. Glutamine withdrawal from the culture medium resulted in an astroglial protein deficit. The addition of ammonia to the medium considerably reduced this deficit and the addition of glutamate completely eliminated this protein deficit.

Alberto Bravin received his PhD in Physics at the University of Trieste (Italy) on the developmen... more Alberto Bravin received his PhD in Physics at the University of Trieste (Italy) on the development of X-ray phase contrast imaging. In 1999, he joined the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble (France) and since 2003 he has been in charge of the Bio-medical beamline ID17. At the ESRF, he is leading the preclinical phase contrast imaging programs applied to mammography and cartilage studies and the in-house research program on Microbeam Radiation Therapy applied to brain tumors. Dr. Bravin has co-authored more than 60 peer-reviewed papers.

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided t... more License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The evidence that hypoxia is a precipitating factor in causing earlyMS lesions includes increased protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1

The Journals …, 2008

Oxidative stress drives many aging-associated problems. Because oxidative stress can be decreased... more Oxidative stress drives many aging-associated problems. Because oxidative stress can be decreased by induction of phase 2 proteins, we hypothesized that incorporating the phase 2 protein inducer 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (tBHA) into the diet would result in healthier aging. ...

Veins and Lymphatics, May 14, 2018

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the commonest and most aggressive primary brain tumor in humans.... more Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the commonest and most aggressive primary brain tumor in humans. The high rate of tumor recurrence results in a poor prognosis despite multimodality treatment. One reason for high rate of recurrence is the invasive nature of the tumor into the surrounding normal brain tissue or multifocal occurrence at sites remote from that of the primary tumor establishment. Existing imaging demonstrates the primary tumor but fail to show the residual tumor microaggregates left behind following initial treatment. In this study, we employed diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) in an attempt to find an imaging modality that will provide visualization of residual disease that is not be apparent on MRI or CT scans.

Background: Hypertension is defined as a failure to achieve a blood pressure (BP) target – smalle... more Background: Hypertension is defined as a failure to achieve a blood pressure (BP) target – smaller than 140/90 mmHg. The worldwide burden of hypertension has been associated with globally increased rates of death and disability. There is increasing evidence of strong relation between hypertension and oxidative stress, where either increased oxidative stress or depressed antioxidant level may lead to hypertension. Using stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) rats, previous studies in our laboratory have shown that broccoli sprouts (high in sulforaphane, a phase-2 protein inducer) attenuate BP and inflammation. Objectives: The question this study addressed was whether sulforaphane (a potent phase-2 protein inducer) can attenuate hypertension in the experimental model using the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp). Materials and Methods: Sulforaphane (LKT Laboratories) or vehicle was orally gavaged to SHRsp or Sprague–Dawley rats (SD) daily for 15 weeks. T...

Journal of Neurology and Neuroscience

Background: The current pharmacotherapies longest in use to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) do not ... more Background: The current pharmacotherapies longest in use to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) do not slow progression to disability. The aim of this commentary is to stimulate interest in looking at MS from a new perspective. There is an abundance of evidence that MS is not primarily an autoimmune disease but is a disease where there is first damage to the blood-brain barrier as well as the oligodendrocyte-myelin unit; this damage then elicits an immune response in a subset of people that have an immune system predisposed to attacking myelin-associated antigens. A brief overview is given of the evidence for arterial compliance problems, intracranial compliance problems, venous return problems and hypoperfusion problems in MS. Conclusions: A rationale is given for the conduction of clinical trials examining the ability of dietary changes, hyperbaric oxygen treatment and approaches to improve venous return as means to ameliorate MS.

Proceedings of the …, 2004

Imbalance between production and scavenging of superoxide anion results in hypertension by the in... more Imbalance between production and scavenging of superoxide anion results in hypertension by the inactivation of nitric oxide, and the increased oxidative stress from the resultant peroxynitrite that is produced promotes inflammatory processes such as atherosclerosis. Induction of ...

eid, 1999

The synthetic purine 4-[[3-(1,6 dihydro-6-oxo-9-purin-9-yl)-1-oxypropyl] amino] benzoic acid (AIT... more The synthetic purine 4-[[3-(1,6 dihydro-6-oxo-9-purin-9-yl)-1-oxypropyl] amino] benzoic acid (AIT-082, Neotrofin, leteprinim potassium) possesses several biological properties of note: it stimulates outgrowth of neurites from PC12 cells and neurones, stimulates synthesis and/or release of neurotrophic factors from astrocytes, enhances nerve fibre regeneration in vivo and enhances of memory in animals and humans. AIT-082 also protects against glutamate neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, which has led to successful tests of AIT-082 in animal models of acute central nervous system injury. In such cases, AIT-082 probably functions by both acutely reducing glutamate excitotoxicity and, over a longer period, by enhancing neuronal sprouting and functional recovery.

Journal of Neuroscience Research, 1990

Cell dissociation of E6 chick spinal cord followed by isolation of larger low-density cells by us... more Cell dissociation of E6 chick spinal cord followed by isolation of larger low-density cells by using a discontinuous density metrizamide gradient resulted in the obtention of a motoneuron-enriched fraction of cells. These cells were cultured in the presence of horse serum and muscle extract for a period of 8 days and examined for the presence of calcitonin gene-related peptide. More than 90% of such cells were positive for calcitonin gene-related peptide. When E14 spinal cord was examined, calcitonin gene-related peptide was present only in the axons of primary sensory neurons and in the somas of motoneurons in the ventral horns. It is concluded that more than 90% of the neurons in our cultures are motoneurons.

Glia, 2005

In a study examining for apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we observed the cons... more In a study examining for apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we observed the constitutive presence of activated caspase 3 in Bergmann glia. We then examined stroke-prone SHR as well as the normotensive strains Wistar, Wistar Kyoto, and Sprague-...

The FASEB Journal, 2005

An imbalance between production and scavenging of oxidants is a commonality found in factors that... more An imbalance between production and scavenging of oxidants is a commonality found in factors that result in fetal determinants that negatively affect adult health. We reasoned that a dietary intervention that promotes oxidant scavenging through phase 2 protein induction would have positive effects on fetal programming of adult health. Previously, we demonstrated that a diet containing broccoli sprouts high in glucoraphanin (Grn), precursor of the phase 2 protein inducer sulforaphane, decreased oxidative stress and associated problems in male spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRsp). We hypothesized that placing females on a Grn-containing (Grn+) diet would have similar positive effects and that the adult offspring of such females would have lower blood pressures and less tissue inflammation than offspring from mothers on control diet. We demonstrate that female SHRsp on a Grn+ diet had decreased oxidative stress and associated problems such as hypertension than females on control diet. The offspring of females on Grn+ diet also had lower blood pressures and less tissue inflammation in adulthood regardless of diet, with offspring placed on a Grn+ diet having the best health outcomes. We conclude that reducing oxidative stress in pregnant females has profound outcomes in the health of their adult offspring.

The FASEB Journal, 2005

An imbalance between production and scavenging of oxidants is a commonality found in factors that... more An imbalance between production and scavenging of oxidants is a commonality found in factors that result in fetal determinants that negatively affect adult health. We reasoned that a dietary intervention that promotes oxidant scavenging through phase 2 protein induction would have positive effects on fetal programming of adult health. Previously, we demonstrated that a diet containing broccoli sprouts high in glucoraphanin (Grn), precursor of the phase 2 protein inducer sulforaphane, decreased oxidative stress and associated problems in male spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRsp). We hypothesized that placing females on a Grn-containing (Grn+) diet would have similar positive effects and that the adult offspring of such females would have lower blood pressures and less tissue inflammation than offspring from mothers on control diet. We demonstrate that female SHRsp on a Grn+ diet had decreased oxidative stress and associated problems such as hypertension than females on control diet. The offspring of females on Grn+ diet also had lower blood pressures and less tissue inflammation in adulthood regardless of diet, with offspring placed on a Grn+ diet having the best health outcomes. We conclude that reducing oxidative stress in pregnant females has profound outcomes in the health of their adult offspring.

Journal of neuroscience research, 1990

Cell dissociation of E6 chick spinal cord followed by isolation of larger low-density cells by us... more Cell dissociation of E6 chick spinal cord followed by isolation of larger low-density cells by using a discontinuous density metrizamide gradient resulted in the obtention of a motoneuron-enriched fraction of cells. These cells were cultured in the presence of horse serum and muscle extract for a period of 8 days and examined for the presence of calcitonin gene-related peptide. More than 90% of such cells were positive for calcitonin gene-related peptide. When E14 spinal cord was examined, calcitonin gene-related peptide was present only in the axons of primary sensory neurons and in the somas of motoneurons in the ventral horns. It is concluded that more than 90% of the neurons in our cultures are motoneurons.

American Journal of Hypertension

been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (in humans and in experimental models)

Neurochemical Research, 1987

Mouse astroglial cells were grown during the last week of culture in either glutamine-free or glu... more Mouse astroglial cells were grown during the last week of culture in either glutamine-free or glutamine-containing medium. The addition of cortisol to the glutamine-containing medium resulted in a doubling of astroglial glutamine synthetase (GS) activity. Withdrawal of glutamine from the medium resulted in a 50% elevation of GS and addition of cortisol to such a medium resulted in a further increase in GS which was not additive to glutamine withdrawal. Both in glutamine-free and glutamine-containing medium, the addition of glutamate resulted in a depression of both basal and cortisol induced GS activity. The simultaneous addition of ammonia plus glutamate to the culture medium ameliorated the glutamate mediated depressive effects on cortisol induced but not basal GS activity. Glutamine withdrawal from the culture medium resulted in an astroglial protein deficit. The addition of ammonia to the medium considerably reduced this deficit and the addition of glutamate completely eliminated this protein deficit.