Ramón Arce | University of Santiago de Compostela (original) (raw)

Papers by Ramón Arce

Sustainability

A field study was designed to determine if traffic offenders were characterised by substance-rela... more A field study was designed to determine if traffic offenders were characterised by substance-related and addictive disorders and behavioural addictions, and to examine their prevalence in this population. A total of 268 regular drivers (weekly or daily use) participated in the study; 132 incarcerated traffic offenders and 136 drivers with no criminal background. Subsamples were matched in age, sex, and time elapsed since their driving test. Participants responded to a measure of impulse control and addictions. The results revealed a more-than-problematic effect regarding drug addiction, alcohol consumption, and compulsive purchasing in the population of traffic offenders. In contrast, a trivial effect (insignificant) was observed in addiction to gambling, internet, videogames, eating, and sex. Comparatively, traffic offenders reported higher addiction to drugs, alcohol, gambling, compulsive purchasing, and sex, but less addiction to internet than controls. As for caseness analysis, ...

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

The prevalence of traditional bullying victimization has been estimated at around 36%, while that... more The prevalence of traditional bullying victimization has been estimated at around 36%, while that of cyberbullying has been estimated at 15%. The victimization of bullying brings with it harm to mental health that must be compensated for, after a forensic evaluation, by the aggressor or legal guardian. Thus, a meta-analytic review was undertaken with the aim of knowing the effect of bullying victimization on psychological harm, as well as quantifying the magnitude of the harm and estimating the probability that no harm associated with bullying victimization is generated. Method: A random-effects correlational meta-analysis correcting effect size by sampling error and criterion and predictor unreliability was performed. Results: The results exhibited a positive (i.e., more victimization and more psychological harm) and significant mean true effect size, implying an average psychological harm associated to bullying victimization of 29.7%. Nevertheless, 26.7% of students victimized by ...

Psychology and Law: Research for practice

Despite the low rate of sexual assault allegations, this crime type is one of the most present in... more Despite the low rate of sexual assault allegations, this crime type is one of the most present in oral trials in Chile, given the seriousness of the legal right contravened. Current evidence supports the fact that extralegal factors and previous cognitive schemes might influence judges' penal decisions in this matter. Having in mind this scenario, the present study aims at identifying the criminological characteristics of sexual crimes against adult women disputed on trial, as well as the relationship between verdict and the variables of the process/victim considered conducive to or indicative of potential bias on part of the court. To accomplish such aim, we proceeded by the exhaust revision of 102 randomly selected criminal sentences of oral trials corresponding to sexual crimes against adult women between 2015 and 2016, analysing the presence and frequency of sexual assault attributes. The relationship between certain extralegal variables and the verdicts was examined by means of the Chi square association statistic and its effect size. Concerning criminological characteristics of sexual crimes, the results show a predominance of aggressions committed in the close physical and relational environment of the victim, and a low presence of genital injuries as a result. Findings also indicate the influence of some variables on sentencing outcomes, such as a prior complainant-offender relationship, as well as "negative" or counter-stereotypical victim characteristics (drug use, prostitution, social vulnerability) notoriously reducing condemnatory verdicts. When committed by strangers, on the other hand, sexual assault was associated with more condemnatory sentences. Implications of these findings are discussed in the context of criminal justice.

Psicothema, 2019

espanolAntecedentes: la ruptura de pareja, como evento estresante, puede derivar en Problemas en ... more espanolAntecedentes: la ruptura de pareja, como evento estresante, puede derivar en Problemas en la Salud Mental (PSM) de los progenitores. Para afrontar esta contingencia se han desarrollado programas educativos que han mostrado su eficacia en la reduccion del conflicto y la mejora de la coparentalidad. Pero los efectos en los PSMs no han sido estudiados. Asi, nos planteamos un estudio campo para conocer los efectos de un programa educativo para la ruptura de pareja en los PSMs. Metodo: 116 progenitores separados que cumplimentaron el programa “Ruptura de Pareja, no de Familia” respondieron, pre- y post-intervencion, al Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Resultados: los resultados mostraron, en contraste con la poblacion normativa, que los progenitores separados puntuaban significativamente mas alto en los PSMs. La intervencion implico una mejora significativa en todos PSMs, oscilando desde el 19% en ansiedad fobica al 36% en depresion y ansiedad generalizada, asi como en los indices g...

Anuario de Psicología Jurídica

producción científica de la psicología forense española se encuentra plenamente con-solidada, aco... more producción científica de la psicología forense española se encuentra plenamente con-solidada, acompañada de un gran tasa de co-nocimiento a la práctica profesional (Arch, Pe-Aula Abierta. ISSN: 0210-2773. Volumen 41. Número 2. Mayo-agosto 2013 Ramón Arce, Francisca Fariña e Irene Quinteiro Evaluación forense de la simulación en casos de acoso escolar La evaluación forense del daño psicológico precisa del diagnóstico del daño válido para el con-texto forense y del diagnóstico diferencial de simulación, lo que requiere una evaluación multi-método: entrevista clínica-forense e instrumentación psicométrica. Para el acoso escolar, no se ha contrastado la eficacia de ningún instrumento psicométrico. Por ello, mediante un diseño experi-mental de simulación se planeó un estudio para contrastar la capacidad de simulación en el SCL-90-R (Derogatis, 1977, simulación del 100%, al tiempo que simulaban otros trastornos no relacionados. En relación al diagnóstico diferencial de simulación, los índ...

JC Sierra, EM Jiménez, y G. Buela-Casal (Coords.), …, 2006

Sustainability

A field study was designed to determine if traffic offenders were characterised by substance-rela... more A field study was designed to determine if traffic offenders were characterised by substance-related and addictive disorders and behavioural addictions, and to examine their prevalence in this population. A total of 268 regular drivers (weekly or daily use) participated in the study; 132 incarcerated traffic offenders and 136 drivers with no criminal background. Subsamples were matched in age, sex, and time elapsed since their driving test. Participants responded to a measure of impulse control and addictions. The results revealed a more-than-problematic effect regarding drug addiction, alcohol consumption, and compulsive purchasing in the population of traffic offenders. In contrast, a trivial effect (insignificant) was observed in addiction to gambling, internet, videogames, eating, and sex. Comparatively, traffic offenders reported higher addiction to drugs, alcohol, gambling, compulsive purchasing, and sex, but less addiction to internet than controls. As for caseness analysis, ...

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

The prevalence of traditional bullying victimization has been estimated at around 36%, while that... more The prevalence of traditional bullying victimization has been estimated at around 36%, while that of cyberbullying has been estimated at 15%. The victimization of bullying brings with it harm to mental health that must be compensated for, after a forensic evaluation, by the aggressor or legal guardian. Thus, a meta-analytic review was undertaken with the aim of knowing the effect of bullying victimization on psychological harm, as well as quantifying the magnitude of the harm and estimating the probability that no harm associated with bullying victimization is generated. Method: A random-effects correlational meta-analysis correcting effect size by sampling error and criterion and predictor unreliability was performed. Results: The results exhibited a positive (i.e., more victimization and more psychological harm) and significant mean true effect size, implying an average psychological harm associated to bullying victimization of 29.7%. Nevertheless, 26.7% of students victimized by ...

Psychology and Law: Research for practice

Despite the low rate of sexual assault allegations, this crime type is one of the most present in... more Despite the low rate of sexual assault allegations, this crime type is one of the most present in oral trials in Chile, given the seriousness of the legal right contravened. Current evidence supports the fact that extralegal factors and previous cognitive schemes might influence judges' penal decisions in this matter. Having in mind this scenario, the present study aims at identifying the criminological characteristics of sexual crimes against adult women disputed on trial, as well as the relationship between verdict and the variables of the process/victim considered conducive to or indicative of potential bias on part of the court. To accomplish such aim, we proceeded by the exhaust revision of 102 randomly selected criminal sentences of oral trials corresponding to sexual crimes against adult women between 2015 and 2016, analysing the presence and frequency of sexual assault attributes. The relationship between certain extralegal variables and the verdicts was examined by means of the Chi square association statistic and its effect size. Concerning criminological characteristics of sexual crimes, the results show a predominance of aggressions committed in the close physical and relational environment of the victim, and a low presence of genital injuries as a result. Findings also indicate the influence of some variables on sentencing outcomes, such as a prior complainant-offender relationship, as well as "negative" or counter-stereotypical victim characteristics (drug use, prostitution, social vulnerability) notoriously reducing condemnatory verdicts. When committed by strangers, on the other hand, sexual assault was associated with more condemnatory sentences. Implications of these findings are discussed in the context of criminal justice.

Psicothema, 2019

espanolAntecedentes: la ruptura de pareja, como evento estresante, puede derivar en Problemas en ... more espanolAntecedentes: la ruptura de pareja, como evento estresante, puede derivar en Problemas en la Salud Mental (PSM) de los progenitores. Para afrontar esta contingencia se han desarrollado programas educativos que han mostrado su eficacia en la reduccion del conflicto y la mejora de la coparentalidad. Pero los efectos en los PSMs no han sido estudiados. Asi, nos planteamos un estudio campo para conocer los efectos de un programa educativo para la ruptura de pareja en los PSMs. Metodo: 116 progenitores separados que cumplimentaron el programa “Ruptura de Pareja, no de Familia” respondieron, pre- y post-intervencion, al Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Resultados: los resultados mostraron, en contraste con la poblacion normativa, que los progenitores separados puntuaban significativamente mas alto en los PSMs. La intervencion implico una mejora significativa en todos PSMs, oscilando desde el 19% en ansiedad fobica al 36% en depresion y ansiedad generalizada, asi como en los indices g...

Anuario de Psicología Jurídica

producción científica de la psicología forense española se encuentra plenamente con-solidada, aco... more producción científica de la psicología forense española se encuentra plenamente con-solidada, acompañada de un gran tasa de co-nocimiento a la práctica profesional (Arch, Pe-Aula Abierta. ISSN: 0210-2773. Volumen 41. Número 2. Mayo-agosto 2013 Ramón Arce, Francisca Fariña e Irene Quinteiro Evaluación forense de la simulación en casos de acoso escolar La evaluación forense del daño psicológico precisa del diagnóstico del daño válido para el con-texto forense y del diagnóstico diferencial de simulación, lo que requiere una evaluación multi-método: entrevista clínica-forense e instrumentación psicométrica. Para el acoso escolar, no se ha contrastado la eficacia de ningún instrumento psicométrico. Por ello, mediante un diseño experi-mental de simulación se planeó un estudio para contrastar la capacidad de simulación en el SCL-90-R (Derogatis, 1977, simulación del 100%, al tiempo que simulaban otros trastornos no relacionados. En relación al diagnóstico diferencial de simulación, los índ...

JC Sierra, EM Jiménez, y G. Buela-Casal (Coords.), …, 2006