Margaret McLaughlin | University of Southern California (original) (raw)
Papers by Margaret McLaughlin
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2016
African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans are disproportionately affected by cancer, yet underrepr... more African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans are disproportionately affected by cancer, yet underrepresented in cancer clinical trials. Because of this, it is important to understand how attitudes and beliefs about clinical trials vary by ethnicity. A national, random sample of 860 adults was given an online survey about attitudes toward clinical trials. We examined willingness to participate in clinical trials, attitudes toward clinical trials, trust in doctors, attitudes toward alternative and complementary medicine, and preferred information channels. Results indicate that African-American and Hispanic-American participants have more negative attitudes about clinical trials, more distrust toward doctors, more interest in complementary and alternative medicine, and less willingness to participate in clinical trials than white/non-Hispanics, although specific factors affecting willingness to participate vary. The channels people turn to for information on clinical trials also varied by ethnicity. These results help explain the ethnic disparities in cancer clinical trial enrollment by highlighting some potential underlying causes and drawing attention to areas of importance to these groups.
Journal of health communication, Jun 13, 2016
This study aims to (a) examine the roles of knowledge, distrust in medical professionals, informa... more This study aims to (a) examine the roles of knowledge, distrust in medical professionals, information sources, and 2 dimensions of religiosity (i.e., religious activity and religious belief) in influencing willingness to participate (WTP) in cancer clinical trials and to (b) compare the results for Caucasians and African Americans in order to inform future recruitment. An online survey was fielded via a Knowledge Networks panel with a nationally representative sample including 478 Caucasians and 173 African Americans. The results showed that distrust in medical professionals was a strong barrier to WTP for both ethnic groups, whereas factual knowledge about trial procedures was not associated with WTP for either ethnic group. Seeking trial information from doctors was positively associated with WTP for Caucasians; seeking trial information from hospitals was positively associated with WTP for African Americans. More interestingly, levels of religious activity negatively predicted WT...
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2013
Incorporating the virtual reality technology into stroke rehabilitation has been proved to be eff... more Incorporating the virtual reality technology into stroke rehabilitation has been proved to be effective in improving upper extremity function for stroke survivors. However, without haptic feedback, the recovery of pinch skill will not be sufficient for daily activities. Pinch skill is an important component for hand manipulation. Impaired pinch skill affects dexterity function after stroke. This study aimed to develop a haptic virtual reality pinch task and to investigate its feasibility and effectiveness for chronic hemiparesis. The pinch task in the virtual environment was accomplished by coordinating two PHANTOM devices that provide haptic feedback. Participants grasped and lifted a virtual cube within 30 seconds for 10 trials. Cube size, cube mass and lift height were systematically varied. The participant poststroke attempted an average of 38 trials per session with a 60% success rate and without complaint of fatigue or pain. After training, the participant poststroke decreased the total time. However, the peak pinch force did not change. The results suggest that the haptic virtual reality pinch task was feasible for chronic hemiparesis. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the pinch force regulation using hepatic feedback.
Incorporating the virtual reality technology into stroke rehabilitation has been proved to be eff... more Incorporating the virtual reality technology into stroke rehabilitation has been proved to be effective in improving upper extremity function for stroke survivors. However, without haptic feedback, the recovery of pinch skill will not be sufficient for daily activities. Pinch skill is an important component for hand manipulation. Impaired pinch skill affects dexterity function after stroke. This study aimed to develop a haptic virtual reality pinch task and to investigate its feasibility and effectiveness for chronic hemiparesis. The pinch task in the virtual environment was accomplished by coordinating two PHANTOM devices that provide haptic feedback. Participants grasped and lifted a virtual cube within 30 seconds for 10 trials. Cube size, cube mass and lift height were systematically varied. The participant poststroke attempted an average of 38 trials per session with a 60% success rate and without complaint of fatigue or pain. After training, the participant poststroke decreased the total time. However, the peak pinch force did not change. The results suggest that the haptic virtual reality pinch task was feasible for chronic hemiparesis. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the pinch force regulation using hepatic feedback.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2014
Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a new approach to HIV prevention. The study aims to... more Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a new approach to HIV prevention. The study aims to examine how PrEP has been represented and disseminated on one of the most popular social networking sites -Twitter. We collected 1435 public tweets containing the word "Truvada." After computermediated and manual de-duplication, we analyzed 447 unique tweets and calculated weights between two words to measure their co-occurrence in 7word windows. Semantic networks of PrEP-related tweets were constructed. We found that Twitter was used to generate public discussions and collectively interpret new medical information, especially in frequently propagated tweets and from users with more followers. In the meantime, the results revealed the presence of illicit online pharmacies that marketed and sold PrEP without the need for a prescription. We discussed implications for public health and made urgent call for better regulation of online pharmacies.
Fourth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PERCOMW'06)
In recent years, rapid technological advances have changed how many existing tasks are performed.... more In recent years, rapid technological advances have changed how many existing tasks are performed. For example, the combination of virtual environments and the Internet is presenting a powerful opportunity in the area of medical training and rehabilitation. Here we present our design and preliminary experience with a tele-haptic environment augmented with a voice conferencing system. Initial tests are encouraging and reveal the promise of our system.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013
Health care organizations face challenges in providing language services for Limited English prof... more Health care organizations face challenges in providing language services for Limited English proficiency (LEP) clients. Supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation, we have been working to develop a technology for proximate simultaneous medical interpretation. In an effort to understand the relative importance of physical proximity, audio cues and visual cues to effective interpretation, we conducted two controlled trials of the comparative impact on patient and provider satisfaction of four conditions which represent the interpretation circumstances with LEP patients and monolingual providers in hospital settings; a certified interpreter present in the consultation room ("In Person"); at a remote location mediated by audio only ("Telephone"); at a remote location mediated by audio and video ("Videoconference"), and no interpreter present ("No Interpreter). In study 1, dyads of a medical student and a standardized patient were randomly assigned to In Person or No Interpreter condition on a rotating basis, producing a total of 25 encounter sessions. In Study 2, four interpretation communication modes including Videoconference and Telephone condition simulated 25 encounters. Repeated measure one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) showed preferences of patients and physicians for four different methods of interpretation. Patients expressed high satisfaction for their doctors regardless of the communication mode. Doctors' perception of the interpretation quality was also as desirable in remote communication as onsite human interpretation. Patients reported significantly greater feelings of being guarded for their privacy and were more satisfied with the interpretation quality in the remote communication via telephone over in-person interpretation.
Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 1996
This article compares respondents' beliefs about others' private and public explanations ... more This article compares respondents' beliefs about others' private and public explanations for failure to fulfill two compliance-gaining goals: providing assistance and accepting advice. Participants generated open-ended responses that were either acceptable accounts (public explanations) or probable causes (private attributions) for another's noncompliance. Data analysis showed that attributions and accounts tend to vary in form, and, as expected, public explanations perceived as likely to be communicated were more unintentional, uncontrollable, unstable, and external than were private explanations for both failure types. People's reports for both attributions and accounts, however, were influenced by the nature of the compliance goal, with means for scenarios depicting failures to take advice consistently more intentional and controllable than the responses for failing to provide assistance.
Communication Research, 2011
Online community participation has not been well understood from the perspective of technology ad... more Online community participation has not been well understood from the perspective of technology adoption and use. Using a national sample of 537 online community participants in the United States and structural equation modeling, this study demonstrates that the technology acceptance model (TAM) can provide a useful foundation for theoretical explanation. By empirically testing the original TAM and comparing it with an alternative model, our results confirmed that perceived usefulness (PU) outweighs perceived ease of use (PEOU) in explaining actual use. Our final model further suggested a feedback loop between PU and PEOU, which significantly improved the model fit at both global and local levels. In addition, three exogenous variables (i.e., Internet self-efficacy, community environment, and intrinsic motivation) were proposed and validated. These findings have clear implications for the structure of the TAM as well as for its usefulness for the newly burgeoning practice of online c...
Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 1996
This article compares respondents' beliefs about others' private and public expla... more This article compares respondents' beliefs about others' private and public explanations for failure to fulfill two compliance-gaining goals: providing assistance and accepting advice. Participants generated open-ended responses that were either acceptable accounts (public explanations) or probable causes (private attributions) for another's noncompliance. Data analysis showed that attributions and accounts tend to vary in form, and, as expected, public explanations perceived
Journal of Applied Communication Research, 1979
... Margaret L. McLaughlin T. Richard-Cheatham Keith V. Erickson Beth M. Waggenspack Increasingly... more ... Margaret L. McLaughlin T. Richard-Cheatham Keith V. Erickson Beth M. Waggenspack Increasingly, social scientists are investigating the dynamics of courtroom personalities and interaction effects on ... The statistic normally employed to assess discrimination is Wilks' lambda. ...
Communication Monographs, 1975
This paper proposes and illustrates the application of a non‐metric multidimensional scaling appr... more This paper proposes and illustrates the application of a non‐metric multidimensional scaling approach to recovering the structure of judgments of communicator credibility: solutions are proposed to certain recurrent problems in the application of factor analysis to such research.
Communication Quarterly, 1976
Data derived from a sorting task and multidimensional scaling analysis support the hypothesis tha... more Data derived from a sorting task and multidimensional scaling analysis support the hypothesis that decoders do perceive a figurative/literal dimension in language. Likewise the data support the hypothesis that multidimensional scaling will yield information concerning the semantic intensity of terms relative to their distance from the subject of the metaphor.
Journal of Linguistics, 1986
AbstractThis paper introduces a National Institutes of Healthsupported interdisciplinary project... more AbstractThis paper introduces a National Institutes of Healthsupported interdisciplinary project, involving researchers from the fields of Communication, Cell Neurobiology, Computer Science, and Physical Therapy. The purpose of the project is to develop virtual ...
Communication Quarterly, 1976
This study investigated the degree to which applicants' perceptions of interview behaviors differ... more This study investigated the degree to which applicants' perceptions of interview behaviors differed from interviewers' perceptions. Data were drawn from 188 actual employment interviews conducted under the auspices of a university‐operated placement center. Data analyses revealed applicants rating themselves and the interviewers significantly higher than the interviewers' ratings of either themselves or the applicants.
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2016
African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans are disproportionately affected by cancer, yet underrepr... more African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans are disproportionately affected by cancer, yet underrepresented in cancer clinical trials. Because of this, it is important to understand how attitudes and beliefs about clinical trials vary by ethnicity. A national, random sample of 860 adults was given an online survey about attitudes toward clinical trials. We examined willingness to participate in clinical trials, attitudes toward clinical trials, trust in doctors, attitudes toward alternative and complementary medicine, and preferred information channels. Results indicate that African-American and Hispanic-American participants have more negative attitudes about clinical trials, more distrust toward doctors, more interest in complementary and alternative medicine, and less willingness to participate in clinical trials than white/non-Hispanics, although specific factors affecting willingness to participate vary. The channels people turn to for information on clinical trials also varied by ethnicity. These results help explain the ethnic disparities in cancer clinical trial enrollment by highlighting some potential underlying causes and drawing attention to areas of importance to these groups.
Journal of health communication, Jun 13, 2016
This study aims to (a) examine the roles of knowledge, distrust in medical professionals, informa... more This study aims to (a) examine the roles of knowledge, distrust in medical professionals, information sources, and 2 dimensions of religiosity (i.e., religious activity and religious belief) in influencing willingness to participate (WTP) in cancer clinical trials and to (b) compare the results for Caucasians and African Americans in order to inform future recruitment. An online survey was fielded via a Knowledge Networks panel with a nationally representative sample including 478 Caucasians and 173 African Americans. The results showed that distrust in medical professionals was a strong barrier to WTP for both ethnic groups, whereas factual knowledge about trial procedures was not associated with WTP for either ethnic group. Seeking trial information from doctors was positively associated with WTP for Caucasians; seeking trial information from hospitals was positively associated with WTP for African Americans. More interestingly, levels of religious activity negatively predicted WT...
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2013
Incorporating the virtual reality technology into stroke rehabilitation has been proved to be eff... more Incorporating the virtual reality technology into stroke rehabilitation has been proved to be effective in improving upper extremity function for stroke survivors. However, without haptic feedback, the recovery of pinch skill will not be sufficient for daily activities. Pinch skill is an important component for hand manipulation. Impaired pinch skill affects dexterity function after stroke. This study aimed to develop a haptic virtual reality pinch task and to investigate its feasibility and effectiveness for chronic hemiparesis. The pinch task in the virtual environment was accomplished by coordinating two PHANTOM devices that provide haptic feedback. Participants grasped and lifted a virtual cube within 30 seconds for 10 trials. Cube size, cube mass and lift height were systematically varied. The participant poststroke attempted an average of 38 trials per session with a 60% success rate and without complaint of fatigue or pain. After training, the participant poststroke decreased the total time. However, the peak pinch force did not change. The results suggest that the haptic virtual reality pinch task was feasible for chronic hemiparesis. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the pinch force regulation using hepatic feedback.
Incorporating the virtual reality technology into stroke rehabilitation has been proved to be eff... more Incorporating the virtual reality technology into stroke rehabilitation has been proved to be effective in improving upper extremity function for stroke survivors. However, without haptic feedback, the recovery of pinch skill will not be sufficient for daily activities. Pinch skill is an important component for hand manipulation. Impaired pinch skill affects dexterity function after stroke. This study aimed to develop a haptic virtual reality pinch task and to investigate its feasibility and effectiveness for chronic hemiparesis. The pinch task in the virtual environment was accomplished by coordinating two PHANTOM devices that provide haptic feedback. Participants grasped and lifted a virtual cube within 30 seconds for 10 trials. Cube size, cube mass and lift height were systematically varied. The participant poststroke attempted an average of 38 trials per session with a 60% success rate and without complaint of fatigue or pain. After training, the participant poststroke decreased the total time. However, the peak pinch force did not change. The results suggest that the haptic virtual reality pinch task was feasible for chronic hemiparesis. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the pinch force regulation using hepatic feedback.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2014
Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a new approach to HIV prevention. The study aims to... more Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a new approach to HIV prevention. The study aims to examine how PrEP has been represented and disseminated on one of the most popular social networking sites -Twitter. We collected 1435 public tweets containing the word "Truvada." After computermediated and manual de-duplication, we analyzed 447 unique tweets and calculated weights between two words to measure their co-occurrence in 7word windows. Semantic networks of PrEP-related tweets were constructed. We found that Twitter was used to generate public discussions and collectively interpret new medical information, especially in frequently propagated tweets and from users with more followers. In the meantime, the results revealed the presence of illicit online pharmacies that marketed and sold PrEP without the need for a prescription. We discussed implications for public health and made urgent call for better regulation of online pharmacies.
Fourth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PERCOMW'06)
In recent years, rapid technological advances have changed how many existing tasks are performed.... more In recent years, rapid technological advances have changed how many existing tasks are performed. For example, the combination of virtual environments and the Internet is presenting a powerful opportunity in the area of medical training and rehabilitation. Here we present our design and preliminary experience with a tele-haptic environment augmented with a voice conferencing system. Initial tests are encouraging and reveal the promise of our system.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013
Health care organizations face challenges in providing language services for Limited English prof... more Health care organizations face challenges in providing language services for Limited English proficiency (LEP) clients. Supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation, we have been working to develop a technology for proximate simultaneous medical interpretation. In an effort to understand the relative importance of physical proximity, audio cues and visual cues to effective interpretation, we conducted two controlled trials of the comparative impact on patient and provider satisfaction of four conditions which represent the interpretation circumstances with LEP patients and monolingual providers in hospital settings; a certified interpreter present in the consultation room ("In Person"); at a remote location mediated by audio only ("Telephone"); at a remote location mediated by audio and video ("Videoconference"), and no interpreter present ("No Interpreter). In study 1, dyads of a medical student and a standardized patient were randomly assigned to In Person or No Interpreter condition on a rotating basis, producing a total of 25 encounter sessions. In Study 2, four interpretation communication modes including Videoconference and Telephone condition simulated 25 encounters. Repeated measure one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) showed preferences of patients and physicians for four different methods of interpretation. Patients expressed high satisfaction for their doctors regardless of the communication mode. Doctors' perception of the interpretation quality was also as desirable in remote communication as onsite human interpretation. Patients reported significantly greater feelings of being guarded for their privacy and were more satisfied with the interpretation quality in the remote communication via telephone over in-person interpretation.
Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 1996
This article compares respondents' beliefs about others' private and public explanations ... more This article compares respondents' beliefs about others' private and public explanations for failure to fulfill two compliance-gaining goals: providing assistance and accepting advice. Participants generated open-ended responses that were either acceptable accounts (public explanations) or probable causes (private attributions) for another's noncompliance. Data analysis showed that attributions and accounts tend to vary in form, and, as expected, public explanations perceived as likely to be communicated were more unintentional, uncontrollable, unstable, and external than were private explanations for both failure types. People's reports for both attributions and accounts, however, were influenced by the nature of the compliance goal, with means for scenarios depicting failures to take advice consistently more intentional and controllable than the responses for failing to provide assistance.
Communication Research, 2011
Online community participation has not been well understood from the perspective of technology ad... more Online community participation has not been well understood from the perspective of technology adoption and use. Using a national sample of 537 online community participants in the United States and structural equation modeling, this study demonstrates that the technology acceptance model (TAM) can provide a useful foundation for theoretical explanation. By empirically testing the original TAM and comparing it with an alternative model, our results confirmed that perceived usefulness (PU) outweighs perceived ease of use (PEOU) in explaining actual use. Our final model further suggested a feedback loop between PU and PEOU, which significantly improved the model fit at both global and local levels. In addition, three exogenous variables (i.e., Internet self-efficacy, community environment, and intrinsic motivation) were proposed and validated. These findings have clear implications for the structure of the TAM as well as for its usefulness for the newly burgeoning practice of online c...
Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 1996
This article compares respondents' beliefs about others' private and public expla... more This article compares respondents' beliefs about others' private and public explanations for failure to fulfill two compliance-gaining goals: providing assistance and accepting advice. Participants generated open-ended responses that were either acceptable accounts (public explanations) or probable causes (private attributions) for another's noncompliance. Data analysis showed that attributions and accounts tend to vary in form, and, as expected, public explanations perceived
Journal of Applied Communication Research, 1979
... Margaret L. McLaughlin T. Richard-Cheatham Keith V. Erickson Beth M. Waggenspack Increasingly... more ... Margaret L. McLaughlin T. Richard-Cheatham Keith V. Erickson Beth M. Waggenspack Increasingly, social scientists are investigating the dynamics of courtroom personalities and interaction effects on ... The statistic normally employed to assess discrimination is Wilks' lambda. ...
Communication Monographs, 1975
This paper proposes and illustrates the application of a non‐metric multidimensional scaling appr... more This paper proposes and illustrates the application of a non‐metric multidimensional scaling approach to recovering the structure of judgments of communicator credibility: solutions are proposed to certain recurrent problems in the application of factor analysis to such research.
Communication Quarterly, 1976
Data derived from a sorting task and multidimensional scaling analysis support the hypothesis tha... more Data derived from a sorting task and multidimensional scaling analysis support the hypothesis that decoders do perceive a figurative/literal dimension in language. Likewise the data support the hypothesis that multidimensional scaling will yield information concerning the semantic intensity of terms relative to their distance from the subject of the metaphor.
Journal of Linguistics, 1986
AbstractThis paper introduces a National Institutes of Healthsupported interdisciplinary project... more AbstractThis paper introduces a National Institutes of Healthsupported interdisciplinary project, involving researchers from the fields of Communication, Cell Neurobiology, Computer Science, and Physical Therapy. The purpose of the project is to develop virtual ...
Communication Quarterly, 1976
This study investigated the degree to which applicants' perceptions of interview behaviors differ... more This study investigated the degree to which applicants' perceptions of interview behaviors differed from interviewers' perceptions. Data were drawn from 188 actual employment interviews conducted under the auspices of a university‐operated placement center. Data analyses revealed applicants rating themselves and the interviewers significantly higher than the interviewers' ratings of either themselves or the applicants.