Francis Nakayama | USDA Agricultural Research Service (original) (raw)

Papers by Francis Nakayama

Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, 1978

Water treatment requirements of Colorado River water for eight types of trickle emitters were bei... more Water treatment requirements of Colorado River water for eight types of trickle emitters were being determined using six kinds of treatments, including screen and sand filtration, and combinations of hypochlorite and acid additions. With the water used, removal of suspended particulate materials by sand filtration maintained emitter performance over the 2-yr study, but sediment buildup had to be controlled for long-term maintenance by flushing the lines and treating with chemicals.

Developments in Agricultural Engineering, 2007

Irrigation Science, 1982

Bacterial numbers and predominant bacterial types were determined in trickle irrigation systems r... more Bacterial numbers and predominant bacterial types were determined in trickle irrigation systems receiving treated Colorado River water. Fourteen bacterial genera were isolated and identified from 86 water and sediment samples collected from trickle emitter systems receiving six water treatments. The bacteria identified were common aquatic and soil microbes and the genera in order of prevalence were Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Vibrio, Brevibacterium,

Industrial Crops and Products, 2006

Current guayule commercialization efforts are based upon the production of hypoallergenic latex. ... more Current guayule commercialization efforts are based upon the production of hypoallergenic latex. The objective of this study was to determine how latex yield and quality are affected by post-harvest plant storage in order to provide flexibility in the harvesting, chipping, and processing steps for guayule latex. The experiments were conducted on two lines (11591 and AZ-2) at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center, from March 2001, through December 2004. Weight-average molecular weight of guayule latex increased as the plants aged from 1.7 to 2.7 years. Guayule latex quality was affected by shrub storage conditions, and addition of moisture extended the storage time for guayule shrub without negatively impacting molecular weight for both varieties. However, under extreme conditions, for example, high temperatures and extended dry storage times, polymer molecular weight reduction of up to 30% occurred.

Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 1971

The dissociation constants of NaHCO3 ° and NaCOs-and related thermodynamic functions were obtaine... more The dissociation constants of NaHCO3 ° and NaCOs-and related thermodynamic functions were obtained for temperatures ranging from 0 to 50°C incorporating the experimental data originally obtained by Hzrned et al. for determining the dissociation constants of H2COa and HCOa-. From the electromotive force measurement on Na-carbonate solutions in cells without liquid junction potential, the dissociation constants for NaHCO3 °, NaCOa-, H2COa and HCO3-were estimated simultaneously.

Industrial Crops and Products, 1998

Abstract Lesquerella synthesizes unique hydroxy fatty acids (HFA) with potential industrial and c... more Abstract Lesquerella synthesizes unique hydroxy fatty acids (HFA) with potential industrial and consumer applications. However, information about its water use requirement and yield response to irrigation is limited. Detailed irrigation studies were conducted with Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) Wats. on a sandy loam in Arizona during the 1991–1992 and 1992–1993, fall–spring seasons to determine its water requirement and yield. In 1991–1992, dry matter yield was linearly related to the total evapotranspiration (ET). The highest dry matter yield was obtained for a control irrigation treatment with seven post-emergence irrigations. Four limited water treatments were given either three or four irrigations, and yielded 26–36% less dry matter than the control. Total ET for the control was 634 mm, whereas ET for the limited water treatments varied from 460 to 500 mm. Total seed yield in 1991–1992, was not determined. However, seed oil content was significantly higher for the control than for the limited water treatments. In 1992–1993, Lesquerella was grown under eight irrigation treatments: weekly (W; 12 post-emergence irrigations), biweekly (B; 7), weekly with two supplemental irrigations in early winter (WS; 14), biweekly with two supplemental irrigations in early winter (BS; 9), and four treatments that were irrigated like treatment B, except that irrigation was withheld during early flowering (B1; 5), withheld during mid-flowering (B2; 6), withheld at full bloom (B3; 6), and withheld during seed formation and ripening (B4; 5). Irrigation treatments affected both the dry matter and seed yield, but not the seed oil content and lesquerolic acid content of the oil. Withholding irrigation on the biweekly application during mid-flower and during seed formation and ripening resulted in the lowest seed yields. The BS treatment had the highest dry matter (7020 kg/ha) and seed yield (888 kg/ha), suggesting a possible yield benefit from the early winter irrigations. Total ET for treatments varied from 535 to 767 mm, and both dry matter and seed yield were related to total ET (although not by linear relationships). Total ET corresponding to the maximum yield was 668 mm. A water management that allows ≈50% depletion of the available soil water from the onset of flowering through seed ripening can result in maximum growth and yield. Providing irrigation every 14 days during this period may be optimum for Lesquerella grown on sandy loam soils.

Field Crops Research, 1988

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, cv. N565 II) was grown at Phoenix, Arizona, in wellwatered a... more Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, cv. N565 II) was grown at Phoenix, Arizona, in wellwatered and water-stressed conditions. The relationships between the crop water stress index (cwsl) and other physiological indicators of plant water status were examined. The drought treatment lasted for 70 days (29 May through 5 August 1986) during which time the available soil moisture content declined from 100 to 0%, while the well-watered plants were maintained at greater than 70% available soil moisture. The cwsl results were normalized to reduce environmental effects by subtracting the values obtained for the well-watered plants from those of the water-stressed plants. Significant (P< 0.01) linear relationships were obtained between the normalized cwsI and the similarly normalized values of leaf water potential (r 2 = 0.75), leaf osmotic potential (r2=0.70), and stomatal conductance (r2=0.62). Turgot potentials of the plants in both treatments were similar until their difference in cwsI reached approximately 0.6, above which the water-stressed plants were no longer able to maintain turgor. No difference in net photosynthesis was observed between the wet and dry plots even though their difference in cwsI was as great as 0.80. During an 11-day period following irrigation of the water-stressed plants, their cwsl values remained significantly higher than the well-watered plants even though the soil moisture content of the two treatments was similar.

Agronomy Journal, 1962

A PUNCHED-CARD METHOD FOR SYSTEMATIZING LITERATURE REFERENCES IN AGRONOMIC RESEARCH1 HE punched-c... more A PUNCHED-CARD METHOD FOR SYSTEMATIZING LITERATURE REFERENCES IN AGRONOMIC RESEARCH1 HE punched-card system provides a means of dealing T with the problem of numerous research publications. It can be used to facilitate the handling of a variety of subject materials such as abstracts, lecture notes, reprints, and reports. Because several topics can be assigned to a single card, it offers a convenient method of cross referencing and classifying items. A practical punched-card system has been designed and adopted for general use at the U. S. Water Conservation 1,aboratory. The card is a double-row, needle-sort, punched card as shown in Figure 1 and can be obtained on special order through office equipment suppliers. Orthographic, alphabetic, and numerical codings are used, each of which : *. I. . Contribution from Soil and Water Conservation Research OGiIbert, P. T., Jr. An optimal punch card code for general Stanberry, C. 0. Unpublished annual research report (1959).

Industrial Crops and Products, 2009

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a perennial shrub native to the Chihuahuan Desert. While ... more Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a perennial shrub native to the Chihuahuan Desert. While guayule traditionally has been cultivated for rubber, more recently it is being cultivated for its hypoallergenic latex. Other uses including termite resistant wood products and an energy source have also been identified. However, the effects of various agronomic practices, such as planting and harvesting dates, plant spacing, cutting height and frequency, irrigation frequency, and herbicide application, on latex concentration and yield of newly developed germplasm have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to determine the yield and concentration of latex, rubber, and resin of four guayule lines planted at two populations and two planting dates. Four guayule lines (AZ-1, AZ-3, AZ-5, and 11591) were transplanted at two dates (28 November 2000 and 7 June 2001) and two plant populations (27,000 and 54,000 plants ha −1). Treatments were replicated four times. Each treatment plot was subdivided into six subplots for harvesting at 6-month intervals beginning 1 year after transplanting. Results showed that transplanting date did not affect plant size or latex concentration or yield consistently. Instead, it appeared that the time of harvest (fall vs. spring) was more important. The sixth (last harvest) in the fall planting date and the fifth harvest date in the spring planting date were the optimum for plant biomass and latex, rubber, and resin concentrations and yields. The lines AZ-1 and AZ-3 were larger, whereas AZ-5 had higher latex and rubber concentrations than the control, 11591. The greater plant population (54,000 plants ha −1) had higher biomass, rubber, and resin yields than the lower population (27,000 plants ha −1) at the early harvest dates, but not at the later harvest dates (5 and 6). More studies must to be conducted to determine the optimum plant population and transplanting date for other newly developed guayule germplasm lines.

Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1971

Difficulties encountered in estimating the solubility product constants of CaSO4 · 2H2O and CaCO3... more Difficulties encountered in estimating the solubility product constants of CaSO4 · 2H2O and CaCO3 from analytical measurements are discussed. A major factor involved is the formation of complexes between the constituent of the dissolving solid and other ionic species in solution. Conversely, when the solubility product principle using these constants is applied for predicting the precipitation of ions or the dissolution of a solid in fairly dilute solutions containing various ionic constituents, adequate accounting of all possible combinations of ion association must be made. Prediction problems are still present for solutions at high salt concentrations.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1963

... The quant'um yield of acetone at 3660 A. (tempera-ture, 25'; nitric oxide, 14.5 mm.... more ... The quant'um yield of acetone at 3660 A. (tempera-ture, 25'; nitric oxide, 14.5 mm.; nitrite, 14.5 mm.) wa,s found to be 0.03, 0.04 ... 99 Discussion Ignoring for the present the small amount of aceto2e formed, the main reactions in the system at 3660 A. are (CH,),COKO + h~ +(CH3 ...

Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1968

The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1970

Recent reports' indicate that the forms NaHC02 and NaC03-are present in sodium carbonate soh