Franklin Graham IV | University of South Florida (original) (raw)

Papers by Franklin Graham IV

Despite the fatalistic rhetoric articulated by Western media and some experts, pastoralists have ... more Despite the fatalistic rhetoric articulated by Western media and some experts, pastoralists have not disappeared. Drought, disease, famines, civil conflicts, theft, and banditry have certainly undermined livelihoods and forced families of Arab, Tuareg, Toubou and Fulani to settle and seek out opportunities that are not compatible with pastoralism, particularly in urban areas. This situation is not necessarily permanent and varies case-by-case and more significantly generationto-generation. Some ex-pastoralists abandoned hopes of restocking their flocks but plan for some of their children to become future pastoralists. In addition, despite sedentarization, many retained customary practices of natural resource management, social norms and behaviors and find in the urban areas other pre-capitalist practices that are compatible with their means of everyday tasks and performances. Using the analyses of Tom Brass, Deborah Bryceson and David Harvey an argument is made that while pastoralists have lost their herds and shifted from their customary economy into a proletarian-capitalist one, the path is not unilinear and in fact, is fluid with pastoralists shifting from one to the other in times of dearth and prosperity.

Drafts by Franklin Graham IV

Mauritania is commonly depicted as the last bastion of slavery in the world. People are still hel... more Mauritania is commonly depicted as the last bastion of slavery in the world. People are still held in captivity in this West African country, but the practice took on different forms from pre-colonial times to the present. Over the centuries slaves, freed by their masters or possessing needed skills, diversified the hierarchy of Moorish society. By the 20th century, anti-slavery movements emerged in Mauritania. Efforts were tepid in colonial times but gained more ground after the 1960s, when droughts, civil disorder and global civil rights movements brought more Mauritanians to urban areas and in contact with abolitionist movements. Political parties formed and associations were created to aid slaves seeking refuge from their masters. These efforts continue today, but they have their shortcomings in ending slavery. Gender, location and poverty play into slavery’s tenure and difficulties in ending the social status of owning slaves as prestigious and acceptable. If emancipation comes to Mauritanian slaves in the future, all Mauritanians and to a lesser degree international actors, have to effectively root out slavery.

This is not a paper but a follow up to the chapter drafts I posted here regarding Food Production... more This is not a paper but a follow up to the chapter drafts I posted here regarding Food Production in Africa and Economics/Development. If you are interested in the final draft, as well as other subjects on sustainability, see the textbook

As an academic, I recognize that taking this oath by no means comes into conflict with my persona... more As an academic, I recognize that taking this oath by no means comes into conflict with my personal beliefs but instead, complements my professional goals of advancing research; empathizing, understanding and educating those that I meet; people who attend my lectures, talks, presentations, and discussions and, those who read any and all literature I publish.

Despite the fatalistic rhetoric articulated by Western media and some experts, pastoralists have ... more Despite the fatalistic rhetoric articulated by Western media and some experts, pastoralists have not disappeared. Drought, disease, famines, civil conflicts, theft, and banditry have certainly undermined livelihoods and forced families of Arab, Tuareg, Toubou and Fulani to settle and seek out opportunities that are not compatible with pastoralism, particularly in urban areas. This situation is not necessarily permanent and varies case-by-case and more significantly generationto-generation. Some ex-pastoralists abandoned hopes of restocking their flocks but plan for some of their children to become future pastoralists. In addition, despite sedentarization, many retained customary practices of natural resource management, social norms and behaviors and find in the urban areas other pre-capitalist practices that are compatible with their means of everyday tasks and performances. Using the analyses of Tom Brass, Deborah Bryceson and David Harvey an argument is made that while pastoralists have lost their herds and shifted from their customary economy into a proletarian-capitalist one, the path is not unilinear and in fact, is fluid with pastoralists shifting from one to the other in times of dearth and prosperity.

Mauritania is commonly depicted as the last bastion of slavery in the world. People are still hel... more Mauritania is commonly depicted as the last bastion of slavery in the world. People are still held in captivity in this West African country, but the practice took on different forms from pre-colonial times to the present. Over the centuries slaves, freed by their masters or possessing needed skills, diversified the hierarchy of Moorish society. By the 20th century, anti-slavery movements emerged in Mauritania. Efforts were tepid in colonial times but gained more ground after the 1960s, when droughts, civil disorder and global civil rights movements brought more Mauritanians to urban areas and in contact with abolitionist movements. Political parties formed and associations were created to aid slaves seeking refuge from their masters. These efforts continue today, but they have their shortcomings in ending slavery. Gender, location and poverty play into slavery’s tenure and difficulties in ending the social status of owning slaves as prestigious and acceptable. If emancipation comes to Mauritanian slaves in the future, all Mauritanians and to a lesser degree international actors, have to effectively root out slavery.

This is not a paper but a follow up to the chapter drafts I posted here regarding Food Production... more This is not a paper but a follow up to the chapter drafts I posted here regarding Food Production in Africa and Economics/Development. If you are interested in the final draft, as well as other subjects on sustainability, see the textbook

As an academic, I recognize that taking this oath by no means comes into conflict with my persona... more As an academic, I recognize that taking this oath by no means comes into conflict with my personal beliefs but instead, complements my professional goals of advancing research; empathizing, understanding and educating those that I meet; people who attend my lectures, talks, presentations, and discussions and, those who read any and all literature I publish.