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Papers by BADARUDDIN MOHAMED
International Journal of Tourism Research, 2011
Page 1. Palestine's International Visitors Barriers: Case Studies of Bethlehem and Ramallah ... more Page 1. Palestine's International Visitors Barriers: Case Studies of Bethlehem and Ramallah Jafar Subhi Hardan Suleiman* and Badaruddin Mohamed School of Housing, Building and Planning, Tourism Development Program, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia ...
International Journal of Business and Management, 2011
This research explains the concepts of destination competitiveness, and attempts to measure the l... more This research explains the concepts of destination competitiveness, and attempts to measure the level of destination competitiveness of three urban destinations in Malaysia. The identification of destination competitiveness attributes was based on a review of tourism literature, and focused on tourist attractions and facilities attributes. The research employed a questionnaire and adopted a mixed-mode technique in data collection. The survey received 359 valid responses, and the data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis, and correspondence analysis. The results from the descriptive and correspondence analyses indicated that all three destinations are found to differ significantly with respect to destination attractiveness and images.
TOURISMOS: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF TOURISM, May 30, 2015
Purpose – This study aims to examine the relationship between recreation specialization and diver... more Purpose – This study aims to examine the relationship between recreation specialization and diver’s underwater behavior in Perhentian Island.
Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using a pilot survey on 50 divers in Perhentian
Island. In-depth interviews with several dive operators were also conducted to support the findings.
Findings – Specialized divers tend to recognize unacceptable behavior rather than less specialized divers. Skilled specialized divers tend not to touch the reefs and not to collect dead pieces of the corals compared to less skilled divers.
Practical implications – Specialization and skills of divers can be used as an input to study diver underwater behavior while simultaneously providing insights on coral preservation.
Originality/value – It is important to manage diver behavior as there are now several diving operators who offer unlimited diving packages catering to day and night diving from shore. Divers can minimize their impacts by practicing responsible diving behavior. Measures emanating from this study on diver underwater behavior may be implemented to encourage responsible scuba diving activity among divers and ensure longevity of the coral reefs.
Keywords- Scuba diving, Recreation specialization, Divers, Diving skills, Underwater behavior, Coral reefs, Conservation, Malaysia
Paper type- Research paper
Appropriate interpretations and quality of tourists’ experience in historical cities is crucial i... more Appropriate interpretations and quality of tourists’ experience in historical cities is crucial in ensuring revisit by historic tourists. This research explores the ability and readiness of rickshaw pullers as informal tourist interpreters in helping to enhance the quality of tourists’ experience in Malacca. This study intends to identify whether the nature of tourist guide
suit the characteristics of rickshaw pullers to become a good informal tourist interpreter. Data collection involved survey among 250 registered rickshaw pullers from four trishaw associations. This study has indicated the path traveled by the rickshaw pullers around Malacca. Result from the analysis has produced several maps such as trishaw trail and food trail
suggested by the respondents to the tourists. Based on the findings, most of the respondents suit the characteristic of tourist guide and ready to become an informal interpreter. Several suggestions have been made to improve their skills in becoming a good informal tourist interpreter which include attending self improvement courses and enhancing their
communication skills. Implication of this study will contribute to the development of tourism industry especially in heritage and food tourism while improving the quality of tourists’ experience in the historical cities.
SCUBA diving activity is an increasing popular recreational activity that provides economic benef... more SCUBA diving activity is an increasing popular recreational activity that provides economic benefits to the coastal communities. Various unique marine creatures and reefs attract divers from all over the world leading to growing concern about coral damage. It is important to manage diver behavior since there are many dive operators offer unlimited diving packages, day and night diving from shore. Divers can minimize their impacts by practicing responsible diving behaviors. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between recreation specialization and diver’s underwater behavior in Perhentian Island. Data were collected using pilot survey on 50 divers in Perhentian Island and in-depth interview with several dive operators to support the findings. High skills and specialized divers tend not to touch the reefs and collect the dead pieces of the corals than the less skill divers. The study on diver underwater behavior is essential to encourage responsible SCUBA diving activity among divers and longevity of the coral reefs.
The quality and quantity of lodging supply are critical factors in determining tourism success in... more The quality and quantity of lodging supply are critical factors in determining tourism success in any tourist destinations. In Malaysia, the development of tourist accommodations has been based on speculation due to lack of reliable data to support feasibility study and realistic trend analyses. One of the top destinations in Malaysia is highland areas as tourists can enjoy beautiful scenery view from the hill top with its cold breezy fresh air. Over the years, tourist arrivals to highland areas increased up near to 8 million tourists every year, forcing the potential stakeholders to invest and develop more lodgings, facilities and proper infrastructures to cater tourists’ needs. In achieving sustainability of tourism development, developers sometimes pay no heed to the planning guidelines as they are too eager about profit and investment of the development. Carrying capacity is one of the planning tools to measure sustainable development. Uncontrolled development has resulted an oversupply of lodging capacity; particularly hotels in highland areas will cause long term impacts towards physical environments and inevitable negative impacts on average occupancy rates. By referring to Genting Highland as a case study, this paper intends to discuss the critical issues arise due to the oversupply of lodging in highland area. Spatial and non-spatial data on lodging establishments were stored into integrated database of ESRI’s ArcView system which was further mapped as data layers in Geographic Information System (GIS). Outcomes of this study will show distributional maps of accommodations that existed since 1970s until present, which demonstrate the lodging evolution and development patterns in the study area. This study provides tourism stakeholders, hotel entrepreneurs, tourism operators and potential developers with insights into planning and developing new tourism accommodations based on the potential development sites as well as promotes a better integration of spatial planning of tourism development in highland areas.
Appropriate interpretations and quality of tourists’ experience in historical cities are crucial ... more Appropriate interpretations and quality of tourists’ experience in historical cities are crucial in ensuring revisit by
tourists. This research discovers the ability and readiness of rickshaw pullers as informal tourist interpreters in
helping to enhance the quality of tourists’ experience in the Heritage City of Melaka. This study intends to
identify whether rickshaw pullers have the characteristics of tourist guide with good informal tourist interpreter.
Data collection involved survey among 250 registered rickshaw pullers from four trishaw associations. This study
has indicated the path travelled by the rickshaw pullers around the city. Result of the analysis has produced
several maps such as trishaw trail and food trail suggested by the respondents to the tourists. Based on the
findings, most of the rickshaw pullers suit the characteristic of tourist guides and are ready to become an
informal interpreter. Several suggestions have been made to improve their skills in becoming a good informal
tourist interpreter that include attending self-improvement courses and enhancing their communication skills.
Implication of this study will contribute to the development of tourism industry especially in heritage and food
tourism while improving the quality of travel experiences in the historical cities.
Various crises, such as the Bali Bombing, the spread of SARS and the haze, among others, had left... more Various crises, such as the Bali Bombing, the spread of SARS and the haze, among others, had left tremendous impacts on the tourism sector. After years of concentrated efforts to attract foreign tourists to visit this country, the Malaysian government has started to acknowledge the importance and the potential of domestic tourists. Domestic travels were particularly promoted after Malaysia felt the effects of the financial crisis towards the end of the 20 th century. Malaysians have been encouraged to spend their money at home and to visit local destinations. Several monetary regulations were also introduced to limit the outflow of the Malaysian Ringgits abroad. At the same time, continuous promotion and festivities have been carried out throughout the country all year round to spur domestic spending. While Malaysians continue to dream of, or perhaps prefer visiting foreign countries, these promotional strategies seem to result in positive domestic tourism development as more and more unique products are introduced for foreign travelers and domestic alike. This revitalization of tourism has built confidence in Malaysians in general that tourism does have potentials. This paper reports on initial findings of a more comprehensive research on the psychographic background of Malaysian travelers. It discovers, among other things, Malaysian domestics are mainly made up of urban travelers, prefer to engage in rather conventional activities.
Tourism is regarded as an important sector to the Malaysian economy. Thanks to intense worldwide ... more Tourism is regarded as an important sector to the Malaysian economy. Thanks to intense worldwide promotion by Tourism Malaysia, tourism is reported to bring in almost RM30 Billion of income to the national coffer. The first height of tourism was reached in the first visit Malaysia year of 1990. The tourism rush of the nineties saw many tourism projects being developed through out Malaysia; many of these projects were approved in hasty manners, without proper study and data and without proper approval. However, after a decade of steady growth in both numbers of tourist arrivals as well as the number of new tourism development, many quarters now start to ask whether does tourism really pays off? Today, the impacts of the yesteryears' boom have taken its toll on the physical, economic and social environments of destinations. More and more impacts of the tourism boom years appear in failed projects and abandoned destinations. Visits to major destinations in Malaysia can present us many unfinished businesses and badly maintained infrastructure. This paper reviews tourism development in major islands in Malaysia, namely Langkawi, Pangkor, Tioman and Redang and evaluates real and perceived physical impacts of tourism development. It is based on a perception survey of the people living and working on the four islands. The result shows that while welcoming more tourists and more tourism development, the islanders complain of higher general prices, the depletion of greenery, increased urbanization and many more. Many of these impacts are irreversible. The islanders, however, do not have other option but to carry on with their lives. This paper suggests that in order to sustain the island environment, the carrying capacity of the island must be set and respected.
International Journal of Tourism Research, 2011
Page 1. Palestine's International Visitors Barriers: Case Studies of Bethlehem and Ramallah ... more Page 1. Palestine's International Visitors Barriers: Case Studies of Bethlehem and Ramallah Jafar Subhi Hardan Suleiman* and Badaruddin Mohamed School of Housing, Building and Planning, Tourism Development Program, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia ...
International Journal of Business and Management, 2011
This research explains the concepts of destination competitiveness, and attempts to measure the l... more This research explains the concepts of destination competitiveness, and attempts to measure the level of destination competitiveness of three urban destinations in Malaysia. The identification of destination competitiveness attributes was based on a review of tourism literature, and focused on tourist attractions and facilities attributes. The research employed a questionnaire and adopted a mixed-mode technique in data collection. The survey received 359 valid responses, and the data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis, and correspondence analysis. The results from the descriptive and correspondence analyses indicated that all three destinations are found to differ significantly with respect to destination attractiveness and images.
TOURISMOS: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF TOURISM, May 30, 2015
Purpose – This study aims to examine the relationship between recreation specialization and diver... more Purpose – This study aims to examine the relationship between recreation specialization and diver’s underwater behavior in Perhentian Island.
Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using a pilot survey on 50 divers in Perhentian
Island. In-depth interviews with several dive operators were also conducted to support the findings.
Findings – Specialized divers tend to recognize unacceptable behavior rather than less specialized divers. Skilled specialized divers tend not to touch the reefs and not to collect dead pieces of the corals compared to less skilled divers.
Practical implications – Specialization and skills of divers can be used as an input to study diver underwater behavior while simultaneously providing insights on coral preservation.
Originality/value – It is important to manage diver behavior as there are now several diving operators who offer unlimited diving packages catering to day and night diving from shore. Divers can minimize their impacts by practicing responsible diving behavior. Measures emanating from this study on diver underwater behavior may be implemented to encourage responsible scuba diving activity among divers and ensure longevity of the coral reefs.
Keywords- Scuba diving, Recreation specialization, Divers, Diving skills, Underwater behavior, Coral reefs, Conservation, Malaysia
Paper type- Research paper
Appropriate interpretations and quality of tourists’ experience in historical cities is crucial i... more Appropriate interpretations and quality of tourists’ experience in historical cities is crucial in ensuring revisit by historic tourists. This research explores the ability and readiness of rickshaw pullers as informal tourist interpreters in helping to enhance the quality of tourists’ experience in Malacca. This study intends to identify whether the nature of tourist guide
suit the characteristics of rickshaw pullers to become a good informal tourist interpreter. Data collection involved survey among 250 registered rickshaw pullers from four trishaw associations. This study has indicated the path traveled by the rickshaw pullers around Malacca. Result from the analysis has produced several maps such as trishaw trail and food trail
suggested by the respondents to the tourists. Based on the findings, most of the respondents suit the characteristic of tourist guide and ready to become an informal interpreter. Several suggestions have been made to improve their skills in becoming a good informal tourist interpreter which include attending self improvement courses and enhancing their
communication skills. Implication of this study will contribute to the development of tourism industry especially in heritage and food tourism while improving the quality of tourists’ experience in the historical cities.
SCUBA diving activity is an increasing popular recreational activity that provides economic benef... more SCUBA diving activity is an increasing popular recreational activity that provides economic benefits to the coastal communities. Various unique marine creatures and reefs attract divers from all over the world leading to growing concern about coral damage. It is important to manage diver behavior since there are many dive operators offer unlimited diving packages, day and night diving from shore. Divers can minimize their impacts by practicing responsible diving behaviors. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between recreation specialization and diver’s underwater behavior in Perhentian Island. Data were collected using pilot survey on 50 divers in Perhentian Island and in-depth interview with several dive operators to support the findings. High skills and specialized divers tend not to touch the reefs and collect the dead pieces of the corals than the less skill divers. The study on diver underwater behavior is essential to encourage responsible SCUBA diving activity among divers and longevity of the coral reefs.
The quality and quantity of lodging supply are critical factors in determining tourism success in... more The quality and quantity of lodging supply are critical factors in determining tourism success in any tourist destinations. In Malaysia, the development of tourist accommodations has been based on speculation due to lack of reliable data to support feasibility study and realistic trend analyses. One of the top destinations in Malaysia is highland areas as tourists can enjoy beautiful scenery view from the hill top with its cold breezy fresh air. Over the years, tourist arrivals to highland areas increased up near to 8 million tourists every year, forcing the potential stakeholders to invest and develop more lodgings, facilities and proper infrastructures to cater tourists’ needs. In achieving sustainability of tourism development, developers sometimes pay no heed to the planning guidelines as they are too eager about profit and investment of the development. Carrying capacity is one of the planning tools to measure sustainable development. Uncontrolled development has resulted an oversupply of lodging capacity; particularly hotels in highland areas will cause long term impacts towards physical environments and inevitable negative impacts on average occupancy rates. By referring to Genting Highland as a case study, this paper intends to discuss the critical issues arise due to the oversupply of lodging in highland area. Spatial and non-spatial data on lodging establishments were stored into integrated database of ESRI’s ArcView system which was further mapped as data layers in Geographic Information System (GIS). Outcomes of this study will show distributional maps of accommodations that existed since 1970s until present, which demonstrate the lodging evolution and development patterns in the study area. This study provides tourism stakeholders, hotel entrepreneurs, tourism operators and potential developers with insights into planning and developing new tourism accommodations based on the potential development sites as well as promotes a better integration of spatial planning of tourism development in highland areas.
Appropriate interpretations and quality of tourists’ experience in historical cities are crucial ... more Appropriate interpretations and quality of tourists’ experience in historical cities are crucial in ensuring revisit by
tourists. This research discovers the ability and readiness of rickshaw pullers as informal tourist interpreters in
helping to enhance the quality of tourists’ experience in the Heritage City of Melaka. This study intends to
identify whether rickshaw pullers have the characteristics of tourist guide with good informal tourist interpreter.
Data collection involved survey among 250 registered rickshaw pullers from four trishaw associations. This study
has indicated the path travelled by the rickshaw pullers around the city. Result of the analysis has produced
several maps such as trishaw trail and food trail suggested by the respondents to the tourists. Based on the
findings, most of the rickshaw pullers suit the characteristic of tourist guides and are ready to become an
informal interpreter. Several suggestions have been made to improve their skills in becoming a good informal
tourist interpreter that include attending self-improvement courses and enhancing their communication skills.
Implication of this study will contribute to the development of tourism industry especially in heritage and food
tourism while improving the quality of travel experiences in the historical cities.
Various crises, such as the Bali Bombing, the spread of SARS and the haze, among others, had left... more Various crises, such as the Bali Bombing, the spread of SARS and the haze, among others, had left tremendous impacts on the tourism sector. After years of concentrated efforts to attract foreign tourists to visit this country, the Malaysian government has started to acknowledge the importance and the potential of domestic tourists. Domestic travels were particularly promoted after Malaysia felt the effects of the financial crisis towards the end of the 20 th century. Malaysians have been encouraged to spend their money at home and to visit local destinations. Several monetary regulations were also introduced to limit the outflow of the Malaysian Ringgits abroad. At the same time, continuous promotion and festivities have been carried out throughout the country all year round to spur domestic spending. While Malaysians continue to dream of, or perhaps prefer visiting foreign countries, these promotional strategies seem to result in positive domestic tourism development as more and more unique products are introduced for foreign travelers and domestic alike. This revitalization of tourism has built confidence in Malaysians in general that tourism does have potentials. This paper reports on initial findings of a more comprehensive research on the psychographic background of Malaysian travelers. It discovers, among other things, Malaysian domestics are mainly made up of urban travelers, prefer to engage in rather conventional activities.
Tourism is regarded as an important sector to the Malaysian economy. Thanks to intense worldwide ... more Tourism is regarded as an important sector to the Malaysian economy. Thanks to intense worldwide promotion by Tourism Malaysia, tourism is reported to bring in almost RM30 Billion of income to the national coffer. The first height of tourism was reached in the first visit Malaysia year of 1990. The tourism rush of the nineties saw many tourism projects being developed through out Malaysia; many of these projects were approved in hasty manners, without proper study and data and without proper approval. However, after a decade of steady growth in both numbers of tourist arrivals as well as the number of new tourism development, many quarters now start to ask whether does tourism really pays off? Today, the impacts of the yesteryears' boom have taken its toll on the physical, economic and social environments of destinations. More and more impacts of the tourism boom years appear in failed projects and abandoned destinations. Visits to major destinations in Malaysia can present us many unfinished businesses and badly maintained infrastructure. This paper reviews tourism development in major islands in Malaysia, namely Langkawi, Pangkor, Tioman and Redang and evaluates real and perceived physical impacts of tourism development. It is based on a perception survey of the people living and working on the four islands. The result shows that while welcoming more tourists and more tourism development, the islanders complain of higher general prices, the depletion of greenery, increased urbanization and many more. Many of these impacts are irreversible. The islanders, however, do not have other option but to carry on with their lives. This paper suggests that in order to sustain the island environment, the carrying capacity of the island must be set and respected.