rozainah nik | Universiti Sains Malaysia (original) (raw)

Papers by rozainah nik

Curēus, Apr 20, 2024

Background Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) are difficult to eradicate from th... more Background Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) are difficult to eradicate from the environment and are virtually immune to all antibiotics. Consequently, CRAB may culminate in severe outbreaks and fatal infections among people attending hospitals and nursing homes. Salvadora persica has been used as an herbal remedy and chewing sticks for dental cleansing. Evaluating S. persica's efficacy against CRAB may provide an alternative approach to treating CRAB infections in healthcare environments, considering its traditional application in dental hygiene. Employing S. persica as an herbal remedy could be a part of a more sustainable approach to control CRAB infections. Aim To investigate the phytochemical composition of S. persica and evaluate its antimicrobial properties. Materials and methods The roots were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus using n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol. Each extract was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) and characterized using WN908.L and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) libraries. The antimicrobial activity of each extract against CRAB was evaluated using a broth microdilution assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results The GCMS analysis of different solvent extracts of S. persica roots showed the presence of various phytochemical compounds such as steroids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, alcohols, terpenoids, and vitamin E. Both chloroform and hexane extracts showed the most effective antimicrobial activity with a MIC value of 3.13 mg/mL and an MBC value of 12.50 mg/mL, respectively. Benzoic acid was the major phytochemical compound identified from S. persica extract. N-hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity due to the presence of active compounds in them. Conclusion Chloroform and hexane extracts showed the most potent antibacterial activities against CRAB.

BMC Oral Health, Sep 24, 2023

Background The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry has the potential to revo... more Background The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry has the potential to revolutionise the field of dental technologies. However, dental technicians' views on the use of AI in dental technology are still sparse in the literature. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions of dental technicians regarding the use of AI in their dental laboratory practice. Methods Twelve dental technicians with at least five years of professional experience and currently working in Malaysia agreed to participate in the one-to-one in-depth online interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns, themes, and categories within the interview transcripts. Results The analysis revealed two key themes: "Perceived Benefits of AI" and "Concerns and Challenges". Dental technicians recognised the enhanced efficiency, productivity, accuracy, and precision that AI can bring to dental laboratories. They also acknowledged the streamlined workflow and improved communication facilitated by AI systems. However, concerns were raised regarding job security, professional identity, ethical considerations, and the need for adequate training and support. Conclusion This research sheds light on the potential benefits and challenges associated with the integration of AI in dental laboratory practices. Understanding these perceptions and addressing the challenges can support the effective integration of AI in dental laboratories and contribute to the growing body of literature on AI in healthcare.

Cureus

The main goal of root canal treatment is to eliminate the infection in the complex root canal sys... more The main goal of root canal treatment is to eliminate the infection in the complex root canal system for the long-term preservation of a functional tooth. Proper debridement of the root canal system, especially in the apical portion, is essential for successful root canal treatment. The complexity of the canal anatomy in the apical region plays a crucial role in reducing the microbial load. Therefore, clinicians must have a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the root canal system and its variations, especially in the apical portion. Root canal configurations in cross-section have been classified as round, oval, long oval, flattened, or irregularly shaped. Treating oval, long oval, flattened, or irregularly shaped canals is challenging and should be approached differently than a circular canal. Recognizing the root canal shape and apical anatomy determines the different strategies to be used in cleaning, shaping, and obturation to achieve the best result of root canal treatment. The recent development of the instrumentation system improves the treatment outcome for clinicians and patients. This review aimed to discuss the definition, prevalence, and instrumentation for cleaning and shaping in the apical area with the complexity of root canal systems. Therefore, with the aid of this review, we can better understand the variations in the anatomy of the root canal, especially at the apical portion.

Dentistry and medical research, 2019

Background: Nanohydroxyapatite-silica (nanoHA-Silica) has been produced by one-pot sol-gel techni... more Background: Nanohydroxyapatite-silica (nanoHA-Silica) has been produced by one-pot sol-gel technique. The material when incorporated into commercial Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) was found to exhibit higher Vickers hardness, compressive strength, and flexural strength compared to conventional GIC. However, before starting to be used and exposed to the human cell, every material product should undergo for genotoxic evaluation. Thus, the objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of locally produced nanoHA-Silica under bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test). Materials and Methods: Four Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA102, TA1535, and TA1537 were incubated with nanoHA-Silica in the presence and absence of exogenous metabolic activation system (S9) at five different concentrations (0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/plate) along with appropriate positive and negative controls. The assessment of the results was based on the number of revertant colonies in each plate, and the results were regarded as mutagenic when the number of revertant colonies was more than two-fold of the negative control. Results: There was no significant increase in the number of revertant colonies corresponding to the increase in the concentrations of the test substance for all the five bacterial strains treated with or without S9. Conclusion: NanoHA-Silica-GIC was non-genotoxic and had no mutagenic potential under present test conditions.

Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Nov 1, 2018

Objective: The aim of this review was to provide an insight about the factors affecting the prope... more Objective: The aim of this review was to provide an insight about the factors affecting the properties of glass ionomer cements and provides a review regarding studies that are related to modification of glass ionomer cements to improve their properties, particularly on physicalmechanical and antimicrobial activity. Methods: PubMed and Science Direct were searched for papers published between the years 1974 and 2018. The search was restricted to articles written in English related to modification of glass ionomer cements. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. The search included literature reviews, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Articles written in other languages, without available abstracts and those related to other field were excluded. About 198 peer-review articles in the English language were reviewed. Conclusion: Based on the finding, most of the modification has improved physical-mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements. Recently, researchers have attempted to improve their antimicrobial properties. However, the attempts were reported to compromise the physicalmechanical properties of modified glass ionomer cements. Clinical significance As the modification of glass ionomer cement with different material improved the physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties, it could be used as restorative material for wider application in dentistry.

Saudi Endodontic Journal, Sep 1, 2019

Aim: This study was aimed to determine the use of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) intracanal medicame... more Aim: This study was aimed to determine the use of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) intracanal medicament effect on the push-out bond strength of RelyX Unicem self-adhesive cement onto the root canal wall. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 extracted human maxillary permanent incisor teeth were randomly divided into control and experimental groups (n = 25 for each group). The control group was prepared for routine root canal treatment followed by post space preparation. RelyX Unicem self-adhesive cement is used for the cementation of fiber post in the root canal, as in experimental group, Ca(OH)2intracanal dressing was placed into the root canal for a week, followed by root canal filling, post space preparation, and cementation of fiber post using RelyX Unicem cementation. Each sample was divided into coronal, middle, and apical root sites. They were horizontally sliced and examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Three slices from each of the three sites were subjected to push-out test for bond strength measurement. Independent t-test was used to compare the push-out bond strength of RelyX Unicem on the root canal wall. One-way analysis of variance and pairwise comparison test were used for the statistical analysis. The significant level was set as P < 0.05. Results: The significant differences in bond strength were demonstrated between the different sites of the root, where the coronal and apical with the P value 0.031 and 0.020, respectively. However, the middle third of the root showed no statistically significant difference, where P = 0.072. Conclusions: Intermediate Ca(OH)2dressing has an effect on the bond strength of RelyX Unicem self-adhesive resin cementation on the root canal wall.

BMC Oral Health

Objective To compare the sealing ability and marginal adaptation of three calcium silicate-based ... more Objective To compare the sealing ability and marginal adaptation of three calcium silicate-based cement (Biodentine, Pro root MTA, MTA Angelus) using a bacterial leakage model and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Methods Recently extracted lower first premolars were randomly categorized into three experimental groups (n = 15 samples), positive control (n = 5 samples), and negative control group (n = 5 sample). Samples from the experimental groups and positive control group were subject to cavity Class I occlusal preparation followed by modified coronal pulpotomy. Different types of bioceramic dressing material were placed in 3 mm thickness accordingly, group 1 (Biodentine), group 2 (MTA Angelus), and group 3 (ProRoot MTA). No dressing material was placed in the positive control group (group 4). All samples were placed in the incubator for 24 h at 37℃, 100% humidity, for the materials to be completely set. The final restoration was placed using the Z350 resin composite. A double l...

Brazilian Dental Science

The effect of accelerated aging on the color stability and translucency of novel zirconia reinfor... more The effect of accelerated aging on the color stability and translucency of novel zirconia reinforced rice husk dental composite resin in different infusion media O efeito do envelhecimento acelerado na estabilidade de cor e translucidez de uma nova resina composta de casca de arroz reforçada com zircônia em diferentes meios de infusão

Journal of Conservative Dentistry

Aim: The aim is to compare the shaping ability, canal straightening, and the preparation time of ... more Aim: The aim is to compare the shaping ability, canal straightening, and the preparation time of five different nickel-titanium rotary files in simulated J-shaped canals. Materials and Methods: Ninety J-shaped canals in resin blocks were filled with 2% Methylene Blue solution and pre-instrumentation images were taken using a Leica microscope at a ×10. They were prepared until size 25 taper 0.04 using (n = 18 per group): T-Flex, HyFlex CM, Vortex Blue, S5, and iRace. After instrumentation, images were captured again, and composite images were made using Adobe Photoshop imaging software. The differences in canal width and canal curvature at each respective landmark were measured and compared. The preparation time and canal abbreviations were also recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD tests. The level of statistical significance was set to P = 0.05. Results: HyFlex CM demonstrated the least difference in canal width after instrumentation, but no significant difference (P > 0.05) as compared to T-Flex and Vortex Blue. The mean canal straightening ranged between 0.91° and 7.65°. T-Flex created the least canal straightening after instrumentation which was significantly less (P < 0.05) than S5, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) when compared to HyFlex CM. Instrumentation with the S5 file was significantly faster (P < 0.05), whereas HyFlex CM was the slowest. Conclusion: T-Flex, HyFlex CM, and Vortex Blue demonstrated better shaping ability, whilst T-Flex and HyFlex CM maintained the original canal curvatures well. S5 tended to straighten the canals and caused the greatest canal transportation, but it required the least amount of time to shape the canal.

Brazilian Dental Science, 2021

Quintessence international, 2021

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of co... more Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of coronal and partial pulpotomies in mature permanent molars with cariously exposed vital pulp. Method and materials: The protocol of the current review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD 42020190785). Articles published between January 1980 and June 2020 were searched in eight different online databases and six textbooks according to PRISMA guidelines. Eleven studies were included in the analysis of 1-year success rates, whereas five studies were included in the analyses of 2-year and > 2-year success rates for coronal pulpotomy. Two studies were included in the analyses of the 1-year and 2-year success rates for partial pulpotomy. The clinical and radiographic success rates were estimated using the DerSimonian-Laird random effect method. The risks of bias were evaluated using Cochrane RoB 2, ROBINS-I, and Newcastle-Ottawa scale assessment tools. Evidence levels were determin...

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 2020

Background: This study aimed to compare the fracture strength, fracture pattern and type of fract... more Background: This study aimed to compare the fracture strength, fracture pattern and type of fracture of endodontically treated maxillary lateral incisors restored with new zirconia reinforced rice husk nanohybrid composite. Material and Methods: Eighty mature permanent maxillary lateral incisors from patients age range of 30-60 years with single canal were selected and randomly divided into: Group 1-RCT + nanofilled composite (Filtek), Group 2-RCT + microhybrid composite (Zmack), Group 3-RCT + new nanohybrid composite (Zr-Hybrid) and Group 4-Intact teeth (control). Standardized mesio-palatal-distal cavity was prepared, and endodontic treatment was carried out using crown-down technique until size 30, tapered 0.04. Obturation was completed using single cone technique with gutta-percha and AH plus sealer. Cavity access was restored with respective composite resins. Next, teeth were stored in incubator for 24 hours and subdivided into aged and unaged subgroups. Teeth in aged subgroups were subjected to 2500 thermal cycles for 5ºC, 37ºC and 55ºC with 30 seconds dwell time and 5 seconds transfer time. After that, root surfaces of teeth were covered with silicone-based material and placed in boxes filled with acrylic until the cemento-enamel-junction (CEJ) level. They were then tested under Universal Testing Machine until fracture occurred. Samples were then viewed under Leica microscope to determine the fracture pattern and type of fracture. Data analyzed using One-way ANOVA complimented by post hoc Tukey HSD and paired sample T test for fracture strength. Fracture pattern and type of fracture were analyzed using Chi-square test. Level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Significant differences were observed (p<0.05) with Group 3 demonstrating the highest fracture strength followed by Group 4, Group 1 and lastly Group 2 in both aged and unaged subgroups respectively. A significant

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 2020

Objectives: To compare the apical sealing ability of four endodontic sealers based on glucose pen... more Objectives: To compare the apical sealing ability of four endodontic sealers based on glucose penetration method and validate the uses of contralateral teeth to provide a well-balanced experimental group. Materials and methods: One-hundred-and-twenty (sixty pair) extracted contralateral lower premolars were selected and undergone strict radiographic protocol. Root canal anatomy of each pair contralateral teeth was matched buccolingually and mesiodistally according to inclusion criteria (single canal, mature apical foramen, canal type, canal width, length, and curvature). Matched-pair contralateral teeth were then reevaluated using CBCT and divided into right and left sides (n=60, each side). Next, all canals were instrumented up to size 30, taper 0.06. Subsequently, teeth were subdivided into five groups for each side and obturated with single cone gutta-percha (GP) and various sealers: Group 1 - GP only (control); Group 2 - EndoRez; Group 3 - Sealapex; Group 4 - EndoSeal MTA and Gr...

Journal of International Oral Health, 2018

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of all light-curing units (LCUs) us... more Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of all light-curing units (LCUs) used in dental clinics of a university in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: Light intensity output (LIO) of each LCU was first determined using a light radiometer. A total of 88 LCUs were used in this study which were divided into three groups based on their LIO as follows: Group 1 (G1) ≥1000 mW/cm2, Group 2 (G2) 701–999 mW/cm2, and Group 3 (G3) ≤700 mW/cm2. Prepared composite resin specimens were then cured using these LCUs and were subjected to compressive strength test. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the compressive strength of composite resin specimens cured by the three LCU groups. Independent t-test was used to compare LIO between corded and cordless light-emitting diode (LED) LCUs. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: About 77.27% of LCUs had LIO ≥1000 mW/cm2 (G1), 14.77% had LIO ranging from 701 to 999 mW/cm2 (G2), and 7.95% ≤700 mW/cm2 (G3). There was no significant difference in the compressive strengths of composites cured by G1 and G2 (P > 0.05). However, compressive strength of composites cured by G1 was significantly higher than that of G3 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, compressive strengths of composite cured by G2 were also significantly higher than that of G3 (P < 0.05). The LIO of cordless LED LCU was significantly higher than that of the corded ones (P < 0.05). Conclusion: LCU with LIO above 700 mW/cm2 outperformed those with LIO < 700 mW/cm2. Cordless LED LCU demonstrated better performance than corded ones.

Case Reports in Dentistry, 2020

Root canal treatment failure can be determined based on a patient’s complaint and on the basis of... more Root canal treatment failure can be determined based on a patient’s complaint and on the basis of clinical examination and radiographic findings. Most of the signs and symptoms for the failure are pain and discomfort, swelling and sinus formation at the surrounding soft tissue, and discoloration of the subjected tooth. Factors such as mechanical perforation during the procedures, overfilled or underfilled root canal, and missed or unfilled canals are the main factors for the failure outcome. This case report presents a discolored and infected upper lateral incisor which was previously root canal treated. The tooth was successfully managed under nonsurgical and surgical retreatment followed by an internal bleaching and full porcelain veneer. Apical tissue healing and acceptable tooth appearance was observed during a 12-month review.

Saudi Endodontic Journal, 2020

A large cyst in the maxilla in relation to a nonvital tooth is not a common occurrence. The prese... more A large cyst in the maxilla in relation to a nonvital tooth is not a common occurrence. The present case report demonstrates an unusual case of a giant cyst in the right maxillary antrum region extending from the anterior to posterior right maxilla with no intraoral bony and soft tissue expansion of a healthy 31-year-old female. However, bone erosion was noted and integrity of important anatomical structures of the right maxillary sinus was affected. The adjacent teeth were nonvital without any evidence of root resorption. Conventional root canal treatment together with surgical enucleation of the affected teeth at 6 months follow-up resulted in the successful resolution of the cyst with complete bone regeneration.

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (JBCS), Jun 14, 2021

Dental trauma to teeth in children often causes apical periodontitis and pulp necrosis in immatur... more Dental trauma to teeth in children often causes apical periodontitis and pulp necrosis in immature permanent teeth. Subsequently, it may lead to cessation of dentinal wall thickening and complete root development. This case report presents a revascularization therapy of the traumatized permanent upper left central incisor tooth in an 8-year-old boy. The tooth had suffered the traumatic injury about two months prior the first consultation that cause pulp necrosis and impede root development. Revascularization therapy was done onto his traumatized tooth. A sterile sodium chloride or normal saline was used solely as a canal disinfectant material and double antibiotic paste (DAP) as an intracanal medicament. Good radiographic and clinical outcomes were observed during the 12 months review since the beginning of the revascularization therapy. Considering the continuous root development and apical closed, it can be concluded that the sterile normal saline disinfectant and DAP as intracanal medicament serves a promising good outcome in an asymptomatic and immature necrotic permanent tooth.

Journal of Endodontics, 2010

Introduction: This study assessed in vitro the physicochemical properties of 2 methacrylate resin... more Introduction: This study assessed in vitro the physicochemical properties of 2 methacrylate resin-based sealers (Epiphany SE and Hybrid Root SEAL), comparing the results with a well-established epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus). Methods: Five samples of each material were used for each test (setting time, flow, radiopacity, dimensional change after setting, and solubility) according to American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA) Specification 57. The samples were assigned to 3 groups: I, AH Plus; II, Epiphany SE; and III, Hybrid Root SEAL. The distilled and deionized water used at the solubility test was submitted to atomic absorption spectrometry to observe the presence of Ca2+, K+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ ions. In addition, the surface morphology of the specimens was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer test (P < .05). Results: Flow, radiopacity, and solubility of all sealers were in accordance with ANSI/ADA. The setting time of Hybrid Root SEAL did not agree with ANSI/ADA requirements. The dimensional change of all sealers was greater than the values considered acceptable by ANSI/ADA. The spectrometry analysis showed significant Ca 2+ ions release for AH Plus. In SEM analysis, Hybrid Root SEAL presented spherical monomers with inferior size than AH Plus and Epiphany SE. Conclusions: It might be concluded that physicochemical properties of the tested sealers conformed to ANSI/ADA (2000) standardization, except for the setting time of Hybrid Root SEAL and the dimensional change of all sealers, which did not fulfill the ANSI/ADA requirements.

The aim of this study was to synthesize nano-hydroxyapatite-silica (nanoHA-Si) particles, followe... more The aim of this study was to synthesize nano-hydroxyapatite-silica (nanoHA-Si) particles, followed by the evaluation of fluoride ion releasing property and color stability of conventional glass ionomer cement (cGIC) with the addition of nanohydroxyapatite-silica. Nano-HA-Si was synthesized by one-pot sol-gel technique. Experimental nano-hydroxyapatite-silica added GIC (nano-HA-Si-GIC) was prepared by adding 10% by weight ratio of nano-HA-Si to cGIC powder using manual mixing. Color measurements were measured according to Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* system. Fluoride ion release was measured by fluoride ion selective electrode method. The 10% nano-HA-Si-GIC samples were successfully fabricated. Nano-HA-Si-GIC reported “slight noticeable” change in color as compared to cGIC that displayed “noticeable to appreciable”. Additionally, a highly significant increase in fluoride ion release was observed for nano-HA-Si-GIC samples as compared to cGIC (p≤0.05). Incorpo...