Irene Marincic | Unison - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Irene Marincic

Ediciones Comunicación Científica se especializa en la publicación de conocimiento científico de ... more Ediciones Comunicación Científica se especializa en la publicación de conocimiento científico de calidad en español e inglés en soporte de libro impreso y digital en las áreas de humanidades, ciencias sociales y ciencias exactas. Guía su criterio de publicación cumpliendo con las prácticas internacionales: dictaminación de pares ciegos externos, autentificación antiplagio, comités y ética editorial, acceso abierto, métricas, campaña de promoción, distribución impresa y digital, transparencia editorial e indexación internacional.

Acta Universitaria

Una arquitectura eficiente forma parte integral del desarrollo sustentable y, asimismo, debe cont... more Una arquitectura eficiente forma parte integral del desarrollo sustentable y, asimismo, debe contemplar una envolvente que se adapte al clima y a los recursos constructivos de una región. La evaluación del comportamiento térmico de las edificaciones mediante simulación dinámica se utiliza en todo el mundo para evaluar su eficiencia energética. En México existe carencia de datos sobre las propiedades térmicas de los materiales de construcción. En el presente trabajo se obtiene experimentalmente la conductividad térmica, calor específico y densidad volumétrica de materiales de construcción como lo son el ladrillo de barro recocido, el bloque aligerado, el mortero cemento-arena natural y el mortero cemento-arena reciclado, este último fabricado con materiales reciclados de la demolición de concreto. Los resultados de simulación obtenidos muestran disminución en las ganancias de calor en muros y en el consumo de energía eléctrica por enfriamiento. La disminución es superior a 8%, utiliz...

Biotecnia

El objetivo de la investigación fue crear un modelo matemático de predicción para el control de l... more El objetivo de la investigación fue crear un modelo matemático de predicción para el control de los sistemas de ventilación pasiva en clima cálido seco. La propuesta consiste en utilizar la ventilación pasiva como sistema de enfriamiento en épocas de transición, es decir, en épocas cálidas pero que las temperaturas no son tan elevadas. El propósito es acortar el periodo de utilización de aire acondicionado con el fin de ahorrar energía. El modelo matemático se enfoca en la predicción de las temperaturas interiores en base a las temperaturas exteriores. Este modelo se desarrolló a partir de la caracterización, por medio de mediciones, del comportamiento térmico de la vivienda estudiada y de las características del clima local. Mediante correlación lineal y múltiple se desarrollaron fórmulas para predecir la temperatura interior con base en las variables más significativas del exterior. Se encontró que, para predecir la temperatura interior de las primeras 15 horas, es conveniente usa...

Vivienda y Comunidades Sustentables

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el proceso de creación de un modelo de predicción para el... more El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el proceso de creación de un modelo de predicción para el control de los dispositivos de ventilación pasiva en un clima cálido seco que, mediante un control manual adecuado de los sistemas de ventilación pasiva, logrará una temperatura menor compara- da con la temperatura en ausencia de ventilación en temporada de transición. Este artículo deriva de una investigación realizada en el Posgrado en Humanidades en la Universidad de Sonora. Los conceptos principales son predicción y control: la predicción es la clave del control e, incluso, de la modificación del curso de los acontecimientos. Se utilizó el método de regresión lineal, uno de los métodos de predicción científica más utilizado debido a la amplitud de su adaptabilidad, el cual consiste en un análisis estadístico para estudiar la relación entre variables. El modelo matemático se enfoca en la predicción de temperaturas interiores con base en temperaturas exte- riores. Se desarrolló a part...

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture

The paper discusses the results of a field study carried out in four cities in Mexico: Hermosillo... more The paper discusses the results of a field study carried out in four cities in Mexico: Hermosillo, Mexicali, Merida and Colima, during the warmest seasons of 2006-2007. The survey is according to the adaptive approach of thermal comfort. The cities' climates are hot dry, hot sub-humid and hot humid. The respondents were inhabitants of low cost housings without air conditioning. The research was performed during warm seasons and according to ISO 10551. The measurements were processed by the common method of linear regression and also by alternative methods, useful for asymmetric climates. Individuals declared comfort at very high temperatures, either high or low humidity, therefore, the resulting neutral temperatures are higher than 30 C, except in Colima (28.8 C). The upper limits of comfort ranges achieved temperatures up to 35 C. The results suggest how great is the capacity of humans to adapt to conditions as extreme as those measured in the study.

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture

Adaptive models are based on the observation that there are some actions that people can and actu... more Adaptive models are based on the observation that there are some actions that people can and actually do take to achieve thermal comfort. Studies regarding thermal comfort conditions in economical dwellings were carried out simultaneously in seven Mexican cities, corresponding to warm dry and warm humid climates. In this article, case studies of low-cost dwellings in the city of Hermosillo (in northwest Mexico), are presented and analyzed. Field surveys were carried out to obtain information about the physical characteristics of the dwellings and their occupants, as well as the indoor thermal environment. Neutral temperature was obtained from the applied survey. The high neutral temperature reveals the effect of inhabitants' adaptation mechanism to extreme climates. Occupant comfort votes as a function of indoor air temperatures were analyzed, and different characteristics such as age, size and gender were evaluated separately. The results show the variability of the neutral temperature and the tolerance to temperature changes, depending on the population's specific characteristics. In many cases where the population does not have access to artificial acclimatization devices, the neutral temperature values for specific climates and people can inform architects when choosing the most suitable thermal strategies for building design.

Ace Architecture City and Environment, Oct 1, 2012

The current demand for housing in developing countries has led to the construction of low-cost ho... more The current demand for housing in developing countries has led to the construction of low-cost housing designed in any climate without regional adaptation, which usually causes low comfort levels and high energy consumptions. Indoor thermal variables have been measured and field surveys have been applied to occupants of low-cost housing in hot dry climate. Here, we analyze the data to evaluate the habitability of the houses. Neutral temperature and comfort range for the population adapted to the local climate are obtained.

Tdx, Oct 15, 1999

Las estrategias de ahorro de energía en edificios, posibilitan la disminución de los costos de op... more Las estrategias de ahorro de energía en edificios, posibilitan la disminución de los costos de operación y/o mantenimiento de los mismos a lo largo de su vida útil. Sin embargo, el confort térmico de los usuarios se ve en muchos casos comprometido por políticas de ...

RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio sobre las viviendas que se están construyendo y que se ofertan para... more RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio sobre las viviendas que se están construyendo y que se ofertan para la venta en Hermosillo, Sonora, de clima cálido-seco. De acuerdo con la información proporcionada por el Instituto de Vivienda del Estado de Sonora (INVES) se estimó que en la zona durante el año de 2010 se construyeron un promedio de 20,000 viviendas. Se analizaron varios modelos de viviendas, que representan 21% de las viviendas ofertadas en la zona. De acuerdo con su tipología y costo, el 4% de la muestra analizada son pies de casa, 71% son vivienda mínima, 9% son vivienda popular, 12% son vivienda de interés social, 4% son vivienda de interés medio y ninguna de la muestra es vivienda residencial. Los porcentajes individuales pueden representar lo que sería una tendencia general del desarrollo inmobiliario habitacional en el Estado. Existe una política de desarrollo de vivienda masiva para cubrir las necesidades de una creciente población, y es la vivienda de tipo "mínima" ...

RESUMEN El propósito de esta comunicación es presentar una asignatura que se ha impartido en la U... more RESUMEN El propósito de esta comunicación es presentar una asignatura que se ha impartido en la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya durante los últimos cinco años. Los objetivos de la asignatura son: -Aumentar el grado de conocimientos comunes de los estudiantes de diferentes carreras técnicas. Se particularizan algunos ejercicios al campo del cuidado del ambiente que es de interés para todos ellos. -Desarrollar un método que permita reducir una situación a otra de manera inteligente y sistemática. -Mostrar las utilidades del uso de modelos a escala en la enseñanza. La técnica matemática que se utiliza es la del Análisis Dimensional, la cual requiere el conocimiento de los sistemas de ecuaciones lineales, álgebra vectorial y funciones de una o más variables. Como conclusión, creemos que la asignatura sirve para potenciar una visión unitaria de la Física y la capacidad de trabajo interdisciplinar de nuestros estudiantes. Estudiantes que deberán, con seguridad, convivir con personas ...

Most of studies on thermal comfort have been done considering the environmental conditions of the... more Most of studies on thermal comfort have been done considering the environmental conditions of the interior of the buildings, but for outdoor spaces the way to consider the sensation of thermal comfort it is not completely defined. A direct application of indoor comfort crite- ria for outdoor spaces is not appropriate because the variation of the climatic parameters is greater and faster than indoors. Due to seasonal variations, the acclimatization of the people to the local climate, influences enormously their appreciation of thermal comfort. A field study has been carried on at the city of Hermosillo, in the Desert of Sonora, Mexico, where the climatic conditions during the sum- mer are very warm and dry. It has been found that conditions that most of the local inhabitants consider comfortable, are almost unbearable for people adapted to temperate climates. This work shows the first results of the study.

The PMV method is now the best method proposed for the thermal comfort evaluations, because of hi... more The PMV method is now the best method proposed for the thermal comfort evaluations, because of his genera-lity (all the variables are considered) and of the good ac-cord with the field studies conducted in USA and Den-mark by the author. However, a lot of problems in the application of the PMV theory are open today. The in-fluence of the climate over the concordance of the resul-ts obtained from the PMV analysis with the field studies is a reality. In the recent past some authors have discus-sed the relevance of the climate over the results, and the possible ways to complete the Fanger's equations with an acclimatization term. In Europe, Van Hoof and Hensen (2005) discuss the relevance of the acclimatiza-tion factor in temperate climate. In Mexico, Marincic, Ochoa and Isalgué (2005) propose a correction for the ACT program (a program for the evaluation of comfort based on the PMV method), in order to consider the ac-climatization. The same Fanger discuss the possibility of corre...

ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Parts A, B, and C, 2011

ABSTRACT The development of social housing In Mexico during the last decade has been supported by... more ABSTRACT The development of social housing In Mexico during the last decade has been supported by the different levels of government (federal, state, and municipal) in order to assist low-income families. The accelerated construction that takes place in order to address the housing deficit causes a reduction in the quality of design and construction, which is also affected by rising building costs. Environmental comfort conditions inside the dwellings are reduced drastically when houses are constructed without considering climate conditions, especially in hot arid regions. This situation generates uncomfortable thermal conditions for users and high-energy costs due to the unavoidable need of air conditioning. User profiles, architectural program, comfort preferences and guidelines for design and construction of future dwellings in the city of Hermosillo, in northwest Mexico, were determined by surveying beneficiaries of government affordable housing programs. One survey measured the degree of satisfaction of inhabitants in a sample of over 370 households; a second survey sampled 200 households and was aimed at determining aspects of comfort. This paper describes the results of thermal simulations carried out on two housing models. The first model represents the type usually constructed by commercial developers, and the second is a proposal developed by the research team according to guidelines based on the results of the research project described before. This study is a preliminary step in the construction of a physical model for experimental research and demonstration.

Energy Procedia, 2014

ABSTRACT In extreme climates like the desert climate of Northwest Mexico, indoor thermal conditio... more ABSTRACT In extreme climates like the desert climate of Northwest Mexico, indoor thermal conditions in buildings, and particularly in low-cost housing developments, are very uncomfortable. In buildings where the use of air conditioning devices can be afford, excessive energy is spent, leading to high acclimatization costs.

Energy Procedia, 2014

ABSTRACT In Mexico, as in many other countries, the energy crisis has permeated throughout many s... more ABSTRACT In Mexico, as in many other countries, the energy crisis has permeated throughout many sectors, particularly the construction sector. Mexico has started to develop and implement actions for the efficient use of energy in order to reduce its consumption. The field of building construction has been particularly active in studying ways to optimize the use of energy, especially regarding energy use indoors. One of the main goals of architectural design is to create the proper indoor conditions so individuals can carry out their daily activities in a comfortable area. Interior space must be designed and calculated to provide a comfortable temperature, appropriate lighting, sound control and ventilation for individuals to carry out their daily activities, but must also address the energy required to provide all these characteristics. In warm dry climates, air-conditioning is responsible for a significant amount of the energy consumed in buildings. Proper building design is necessary in order to reduce energy consumption in this sector.

ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Parts A, B, and C, 2011

Eco-Architecture V, 2014

The first phase of the project presented in this paper consisted of an analysis of the current co... more The first phase of the project presented in this paper consisted of an analysis of the current conditions of the users of social housing units, and has been carried out in different Mexican climatic zones. This diagnosis focused primarily on identifying the users' satisfaction relative to diverse aspects of the house, such as the function of the space, safety, security, environmental conditions, and health conditions, among others. Furthermore, a study has been carried out to find the adaptive thermal comfort range for each climate and the target population. Another phase of the project was the development of design strategies for social (that is, low-cost) housing units. With the information and results obtained from the low-cost housing developments in Hermosillo, in the State of Sonora in northwest Mexico, a low-cost house model has been constructed for experimental and demonstrative purposes. Passive thermal strategies for hot dry climates have been applied and studied, also taking into account regional (including cultural and regulatory) needs and economic limitations, in order to improve indoor thermal conditions without the use of air conditioning devices. The test house-35 m 2 of construction area (similar to the existing low-cost houses)-has been constructed on a university campus. Design strategies have been based on the local desert climate: those strategies mainly comprised minimizing heat gains with an adequate orientation, providing solar protection devices, minimizing conduction gains, providing thermal inertia, and allowing nocturnal heat loss. Microclimatic thermal strategies have been applied in the courtyard and surroundings of the building. Indoor thermal conditions were monitored for more than one year. Air temperature measurements were taken every 10 minutes throughout the study period. Measurements of summer and winter indoor conditions (which are the most representative local seasons) are presented, together with meteorological data, obtained from the university's weather station (LEMA). Indoor temperatures are compared with the adaptive temperature comfort range obtained for the same Eco-Architecture V 13

Energy Procedia, 2014

ABSTRACT During the last decade, housing construction in Mexico has increased dramatically, despi... more ABSTRACT During the last decade, housing construction in Mexico has increased dramatically, despite the economic and financial crises, it is one of the main drivers of the Mexican economy; the government has supported programs to develop social housing in order to assist low-income families. This type of initiatives has allowed low-income people to own a place to live, but it has also promoted the spread of housing developments with house models of similar characteristics in the very diverse geographical and climatic zones of Mexico. Even though some of the dwellings have few differences depending on the region they belong to, they do not reflect climatic adaptations. The correct selection of the envelope materials is one of the first and most effective passive strategy that must be considered in the design of a housing. However, just selecting the materials by knowing their thermal properties is not enough to make an appropriate decision about the construction system. For this reason, we need a tool like Ener-Habitat, which allows a quick assessment of thermal and energy performance of a building system consisting of several layers, through the time-dependent calculation of heat transfer, suitable for high thermal mass materials, such as those generally used in Mexico and the climates of Mexico with high solar radiation and large temperature swing during the day. The study propose a method to analyze the cost and energy benefit of building systems, and as example analyzes some walls building systems, in a hot-dry climate city of Mexico, during the air conditioning season. This tool allows, at early stages of architectural design, quick assessments for decision taking on the building systems choice, in relation with better energy performance. Ener-Habitat was created by researchers from six academic institutions in Mexico and was funded by the National Council for Science and Technology and the Ministry of Energy of Mexico.

Eco-Architecture V, 2014

In Mexico, regulations on energy efficiency in buildings are in the early stages and have been po... more In Mexico, regulations on energy efficiency in buildings are in the early stages and have been poorly mixed among the different actors involved in the building processes. This situation results in the fact that economically disadvantaged people cannot have access to comfortable and energy efficient environments. This problem becomes worse in the northern regions of the country, which require air conditioning, because of the dry warm climate, for several months of the year. A proposal of a technical standard about bioclimatic buildings for warm-dry climates is presented in this paper. Also, the process for its development is described. This involves monitoring and analysis of typical dwellings in Hermosillo city in northwest México, a hot-dry climate location. The proposed regulation aims to reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry and energy use in buildings, by incorporating mandatory, optional and incentivized requirements to improve energy efficiency and the building's habitability. The proposal develops a set of articulated provisions in three main areas: efficient energy use; environmental comfort; vegetation with low water consumption in urban areas. It is intended that these regulations will apply to all new buildings, expansions and major refurbishments, once they have been incorporated into municipal regulations.

Ediciones Comunicación Científica se especializa en la publicación de conocimiento científico de ... more Ediciones Comunicación Científica se especializa en la publicación de conocimiento científico de calidad en español e inglés en soporte de libro impreso y digital en las áreas de humanidades, ciencias sociales y ciencias exactas. Guía su criterio de publicación cumpliendo con las prácticas internacionales: dictaminación de pares ciegos externos, autentificación antiplagio, comités y ética editorial, acceso abierto, métricas, campaña de promoción, distribución impresa y digital, transparencia editorial e indexación internacional.

Acta Universitaria

Una arquitectura eficiente forma parte integral del desarrollo sustentable y, asimismo, debe cont... more Una arquitectura eficiente forma parte integral del desarrollo sustentable y, asimismo, debe contemplar una envolvente que se adapte al clima y a los recursos constructivos de una región. La evaluación del comportamiento térmico de las edificaciones mediante simulación dinámica se utiliza en todo el mundo para evaluar su eficiencia energética. En México existe carencia de datos sobre las propiedades térmicas de los materiales de construcción. En el presente trabajo se obtiene experimentalmente la conductividad térmica, calor específico y densidad volumétrica de materiales de construcción como lo son el ladrillo de barro recocido, el bloque aligerado, el mortero cemento-arena natural y el mortero cemento-arena reciclado, este último fabricado con materiales reciclados de la demolición de concreto. Los resultados de simulación obtenidos muestran disminución en las ganancias de calor en muros y en el consumo de energía eléctrica por enfriamiento. La disminución es superior a 8%, utiliz...

Biotecnia

El objetivo de la investigación fue crear un modelo matemático de predicción para el control de l... more El objetivo de la investigación fue crear un modelo matemático de predicción para el control de los sistemas de ventilación pasiva en clima cálido seco. La propuesta consiste en utilizar la ventilación pasiva como sistema de enfriamiento en épocas de transición, es decir, en épocas cálidas pero que las temperaturas no son tan elevadas. El propósito es acortar el periodo de utilización de aire acondicionado con el fin de ahorrar energía. El modelo matemático se enfoca en la predicción de las temperaturas interiores en base a las temperaturas exteriores. Este modelo se desarrolló a partir de la caracterización, por medio de mediciones, del comportamiento térmico de la vivienda estudiada y de las características del clima local. Mediante correlación lineal y múltiple se desarrollaron fórmulas para predecir la temperatura interior con base en las variables más significativas del exterior. Se encontró que, para predecir la temperatura interior de las primeras 15 horas, es conveniente usa...

Vivienda y Comunidades Sustentables

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el proceso de creación de un modelo de predicción para el... more El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el proceso de creación de un modelo de predicción para el control de los dispositivos de ventilación pasiva en un clima cálido seco que, mediante un control manual adecuado de los sistemas de ventilación pasiva, logrará una temperatura menor compara- da con la temperatura en ausencia de ventilación en temporada de transición. Este artículo deriva de una investigación realizada en el Posgrado en Humanidades en la Universidad de Sonora. Los conceptos principales son predicción y control: la predicción es la clave del control e, incluso, de la modificación del curso de los acontecimientos. Se utilizó el método de regresión lineal, uno de los métodos de predicción científica más utilizado debido a la amplitud de su adaptabilidad, el cual consiste en un análisis estadístico para estudiar la relación entre variables. El modelo matemático se enfoca en la predicción de temperaturas interiores con base en temperaturas exte- riores. Se desarrolló a part...

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture

The paper discusses the results of a field study carried out in four cities in Mexico: Hermosillo... more The paper discusses the results of a field study carried out in four cities in Mexico: Hermosillo, Mexicali, Merida and Colima, during the warmest seasons of 2006-2007. The survey is according to the adaptive approach of thermal comfort. The cities' climates are hot dry, hot sub-humid and hot humid. The respondents were inhabitants of low cost housings without air conditioning. The research was performed during warm seasons and according to ISO 10551. The measurements were processed by the common method of linear regression and also by alternative methods, useful for asymmetric climates. Individuals declared comfort at very high temperatures, either high or low humidity, therefore, the resulting neutral temperatures are higher than 30 C, except in Colima (28.8 C). The upper limits of comfort ranges achieved temperatures up to 35 C. The results suggest how great is the capacity of humans to adapt to conditions as extreme as those measured in the study.

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture

Adaptive models are based on the observation that there are some actions that people can and actu... more Adaptive models are based on the observation that there are some actions that people can and actually do take to achieve thermal comfort. Studies regarding thermal comfort conditions in economical dwellings were carried out simultaneously in seven Mexican cities, corresponding to warm dry and warm humid climates. In this article, case studies of low-cost dwellings in the city of Hermosillo (in northwest Mexico), are presented and analyzed. Field surveys were carried out to obtain information about the physical characteristics of the dwellings and their occupants, as well as the indoor thermal environment. Neutral temperature was obtained from the applied survey. The high neutral temperature reveals the effect of inhabitants' adaptation mechanism to extreme climates. Occupant comfort votes as a function of indoor air temperatures were analyzed, and different characteristics such as age, size and gender were evaluated separately. The results show the variability of the neutral temperature and the tolerance to temperature changes, depending on the population's specific characteristics. In many cases where the population does not have access to artificial acclimatization devices, the neutral temperature values for specific climates and people can inform architects when choosing the most suitable thermal strategies for building design.

Ace Architecture City and Environment, Oct 1, 2012

The current demand for housing in developing countries has led to the construction of low-cost ho... more The current demand for housing in developing countries has led to the construction of low-cost housing designed in any climate without regional adaptation, which usually causes low comfort levels and high energy consumptions. Indoor thermal variables have been measured and field surveys have been applied to occupants of low-cost housing in hot dry climate. Here, we analyze the data to evaluate the habitability of the houses. Neutral temperature and comfort range for the population adapted to the local climate are obtained.

Tdx, Oct 15, 1999

Las estrategias de ahorro de energía en edificios, posibilitan la disminución de los costos de op... more Las estrategias de ahorro de energía en edificios, posibilitan la disminución de los costos de operación y/o mantenimiento de los mismos a lo largo de su vida útil. Sin embargo, el confort térmico de los usuarios se ve en muchos casos comprometido por políticas de ...

RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio sobre las viviendas que se están construyendo y que se ofertan para... more RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio sobre las viviendas que se están construyendo y que se ofertan para la venta en Hermosillo, Sonora, de clima cálido-seco. De acuerdo con la información proporcionada por el Instituto de Vivienda del Estado de Sonora (INVES) se estimó que en la zona durante el año de 2010 se construyeron un promedio de 20,000 viviendas. Se analizaron varios modelos de viviendas, que representan 21% de las viviendas ofertadas en la zona. De acuerdo con su tipología y costo, el 4% de la muestra analizada son pies de casa, 71% son vivienda mínima, 9% son vivienda popular, 12% son vivienda de interés social, 4% son vivienda de interés medio y ninguna de la muestra es vivienda residencial. Los porcentajes individuales pueden representar lo que sería una tendencia general del desarrollo inmobiliario habitacional en el Estado. Existe una política de desarrollo de vivienda masiva para cubrir las necesidades de una creciente población, y es la vivienda de tipo "mínima" ...

RESUMEN El propósito de esta comunicación es presentar una asignatura que se ha impartido en la U... more RESUMEN El propósito de esta comunicación es presentar una asignatura que se ha impartido en la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya durante los últimos cinco años. Los objetivos de la asignatura son: -Aumentar el grado de conocimientos comunes de los estudiantes de diferentes carreras técnicas. Se particularizan algunos ejercicios al campo del cuidado del ambiente que es de interés para todos ellos. -Desarrollar un método que permita reducir una situación a otra de manera inteligente y sistemática. -Mostrar las utilidades del uso de modelos a escala en la enseñanza. La técnica matemática que se utiliza es la del Análisis Dimensional, la cual requiere el conocimiento de los sistemas de ecuaciones lineales, álgebra vectorial y funciones de una o más variables. Como conclusión, creemos que la asignatura sirve para potenciar una visión unitaria de la Física y la capacidad de trabajo interdisciplinar de nuestros estudiantes. Estudiantes que deberán, con seguridad, convivir con personas ...

Most of studies on thermal comfort have been done considering the environmental conditions of the... more Most of studies on thermal comfort have been done considering the environmental conditions of the interior of the buildings, but for outdoor spaces the way to consider the sensation of thermal comfort it is not completely defined. A direct application of indoor comfort crite- ria for outdoor spaces is not appropriate because the variation of the climatic parameters is greater and faster than indoors. Due to seasonal variations, the acclimatization of the people to the local climate, influences enormously their appreciation of thermal comfort. A field study has been carried on at the city of Hermosillo, in the Desert of Sonora, Mexico, where the climatic conditions during the sum- mer are very warm and dry. It has been found that conditions that most of the local inhabitants consider comfortable, are almost unbearable for people adapted to temperate climates. This work shows the first results of the study.

The PMV method is now the best method proposed for the thermal comfort evaluations, because of hi... more The PMV method is now the best method proposed for the thermal comfort evaluations, because of his genera-lity (all the variables are considered) and of the good ac-cord with the field studies conducted in USA and Den-mark by the author. However, a lot of problems in the application of the PMV theory are open today. The in-fluence of the climate over the concordance of the resul-ts obtained from the PMV analysis with the field studies is a reality. In the recent past some authors have discus-sed the relevance of the climate over the results, and the possible ways to complete the Fanger's equations with an acclimatization term. In Europe, Van Hoof and Hensen (2005) discuss the relevance of the acclimatiza-tion factor in temperate climate. In Mexico, Marincic, Ochoa and Isalgué (2005) propose a correction for the ACT program (a program for the evaluation of comfort based on the PMV method), in order to consider the ac-climatization. The same Fanger discuss the possibility of corre...

ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Parts A, B, and C, 2011

ABSTRACT The development of social housing In Mexico during the last decade has been supported by... more ABSTRACT The development of social housing In Mexico during the last decade has been supported by the different levels of government (federal, state, and municipal) in order to assist low-income families. The accelerated construction that takes place in order to address the housing deficit causes a reduction in the quality of design and construction, which is also affected by rising building costs. Environmental comfort conditions inside the dwellings are reduced drastically when houses are constructed without considering climate conditions, especially in hot arid regions. This situation generates uncomfortable thermal conditions for users and high-energy costs due to the unavoidable need of air conditioning. User profiles, architectural program, comfort preferences and guidelines for design and construction of future dwellings in the city of Hermosillo, in northwest Mexico, were determined by surveying beneficiaries of government affordable housing programs. One survey measured the degree of satisfaction of inhabitants in a sample of over 370 households; a second survey sampled 200 households and was aimed at determining aspects of comfort. This paper describes the results of thermal simulations carried out on two housing models. The first model represents the type usually constructed by commercial developers, and the second is a proposal developed by the research team according to guidelines based on the results of the research project described before. This study is a preliminary step in the construction of a physical model for experimental research and demonstration.

Energy Procedia, 2014

ABSTRACT In extreme climates like the desert climate of Northwest Mexico, indoor thermal conditio... more ABSTRACT In extreme climates like the desert climate of Northwest Mexico, indoor thermal conditions in buildings, and particularly in low-cost housing developments, are very uncomfortable. In buildings where the use of air conditioning devices can be afford, excessive energy is spent, leading to high acclimatization costs.

Energy Procedia, 2014

ABSTRACT In Mexico, as in many other countries, the energy crisis has permeated throughout many s... more ABSTRACT In Mexico, as in many other countries, the energy crisis has permeated throughout many sectors, particularly the construction sector. Mexico has started to develop and implement actions for the efficient use of energy in order to reduce its consumption. The field of building construction has been particularly active in studying ways to optimize the use of energy, especially regarding energy use indoors. One of the main goals of architectural design is to create the proper indoor conditions so individuals can carry out their daily activities in a comfortable area. Interior space must be designed and calculated to provide a comfortable temperature, appropriate lighting, sound control and ventilation for individuals to carry out their daily activities, but must also address the energy required to provide all these characteristics. In warm dry climates, air-conditioning is responsible for a significant amount of the energy consumed in buildings. Proper building design is necessary in order to reduce energy consumption in this sector.

ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Parts A, B, and C, 2011

Eco-Architecture V, 2014

The first phase of the project presented in this paper consisted of an analysis of the current co... more The first phase of the project presented in this paper consisted of an analysis of the current conditions of the users of social housing units, and has been carried out in different Mexican climatic zones. This diagnosis focused primarily on identifying the users' satisfaction relative to diverse aspects of the house, such as the function of the space, safety, security, environmental conditions, and health conditions, among others. Furthermore, a study has been carried out to find the adaptive thermal comfort range for each climate and the target population. Another phase of the project was the development of design strategies for social (that is, low-cost) housing units. With the information and results obtained from the low-cost housing developments in Hermosillo, in the State of Sonora in northwest Mexico, a low-cost house model has been constructed for experimental and demonstrative purposes. Passive thermal strategies for hot dry climates have been applied and studied, also taking into account regional (including cultural and regulatory) needs and economic limitations, in order to improve indoor thermal conditions without the use of air conditioning devices. The test house-35 m 2 of construction area (similar to the existing low-cost houses)-has been constructed on a university campus. Design strategies have been based on the local desert climate: those strategies mainly comprised minimizing heat gains with an adequate orientation, providing solar protection devices, minimizing conduction gains, providing thermal inertia, and allowing nocturnal heat loss. Microclimatic thermal strategies have been applied in the courtyard and surroundings of the building. Indoor thermal conditions were monitored for more than one year. Air temperature measurements were taken every 10 minutes throughout the study period. Measurements of summer and winter indoor conditions (which are the most representative local seasons) are presented, together with meteorological data, obtained from the university's weather station (LEMA). Indoor temperatures are compared with the adaptive temperature comfort range obtained for the same Eco-Architecture V 13

Energy Procedia, 2014

ABSTRACT During the last decade, housing construction in Mexico has increased dramatically, despi... more ABSTRACT During the last decade, housing construction in Mexico has increased dramatically, despite the economic and financial crises, it is one of the main drivers of the Mexican economy; the government has supported programs to develop social housing in order to assist low-income families. This type of initiatives has allowed low-income people to own a place to live, but it has also promoted the spread of housing developments with house models of similar characteristics in the very diverse geographical and climatic zones of Mexico. Even though some of the dwellings have few differences depending on the region they belong to, they do not reflect climatic adaptations. The correct selection of the envelope materials is one of the first and most effective passive strategy that must be considered in the design of a housing. However, just selecting the materials by knowing their thermal properties is not enough to make an appropriate decision about the construction system. For this reason, we need a tool like Ener-Habitat, which allows a quick assessment of thermal and energy performance of a building system consisting of several layers, through the time-dependent calculation of heat transfer, suitable for high thermal mass materials, such as those generally used in Mexico and the climates of Mexico with high solar radiation and large temperature swing during the day. The study propose a method to analyze the cost and energy benefit of building systems, and as example analyzes some walls building systems, in a hot-dry climate city of Mexico, during the air conditioning season. This tool allows, at early stages of architectural design, quick assessments for decision taking on the building systems choice, in relation with better energy performance. Ener-Habitat was created by researchers from six academic institutions in Mexico and was funded by the National Council for Science and Technology and the Ministry of Energy of Mexico.

Eco-Architecture V, 2014

In Mexico, regulations on energy efficiency in buildings are in the early stages and have been po... more In Mexico, regulations on energy efficiency in buildings are in the early stages and have been poorly mixed among the different actors involved in the building processes. This situation results in the fact that economically disadvantaged people cannot have access to comfortable and energy efficient environments. This problem becomes worse in the northern regions of the country, which require air conditioning, because of the dry warm climate, for several months of the year. A proposal of a technical standard about bioclimatic buildings for warm-dry climates is presented in this paper. Also, the process for its development is described. This involves monitoring and analysis of typical dwellings in Hermosillo city in northwest México, a hot-dry climate location. The proposed regulation aims to reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry and energy use in buildings, by incorporating mandatory, optional and incentivized requirements to improve energy efficiency and the building's habitability. The proposal develops a set of articulated provisions in three main areas: efficient energy use; environmental comfort; vegetation with low water consumption in urban areas. It is intended that these regulations will apply to all new buildings, expansions and major refurbishments, once they have been incorporated into municipal regulations.