Jacyra Soares - Universidade de São Paulo (original) (raw)

Papers by Jacyra Soares

Energy budget at the surface in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil

Study of Downward Atmospheric Longwave Radiation at the Surface in the City of São Paulo

The main goal of this work is to evaluate the performance of empirical expressions to estimate th... more The main goal of this work is to evaluate the performance of empirical expressions to estimate the downward longwave atmospheric radiation at the surface in the city of São Paulo. The observations of atmospheric emission, temperature and relative humidity were carried out in the micrometeorological platform, located in the IAG-USP building, during 12 clear sky days in 2005. The evolution of 5 minutes average atmospheric emission values were estimated using 10 expressions available in the literature. The comparison indicated that the expression proposed by Brunt performed better, with the smallest MBE and RMSE and a coefficient of determination equal to 0.64. Palavras-Chave: Radiação de onda longa, Cidade de São Paulo, Métodos empíricos. 1 Group of Micrometeorology, Department of Atmospheric Science, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 05508.090, T.+55-11-3091-4702; F. +55-11-3091-4714 (edbarbaro@model.iag.usp.br). 2 Department of Natural Resources, Sch...

Investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer over the ocean

The city of São Paulo (Fig. 1), with about 11 millions habitants, together with 39 other smaller ... more The city of São Paulo (Fig. 1), with about 11 millions habitants, together with 39 other smaller cities, forms the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP). This region, located about 60 km far from the Atlantic Ocean, is occupied by 20.5 millions of habitants and has approximately 7 millions of vehicles. The MRSP has an area of 8,051 km and it is the largest urban area in South America and one of the 10 largest in the world (Codato et al., 2007).

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021

Peranan guru PAI sangat melekat dengan kecerdasan spiritual, maka pengajarannya tidak boleh dilak... more Peranan guru PAI sangat melekat dengan kecerdasan spiritual, maka pengajarannya tidak boleh dilakukan dengan seenaknya saja atau secara asal-asalan. Karena jika seperti itu akan berakibat tidak baik yang akan menggagalkan peningkatan mutu pendidikan islam. Kecerdasan spiritual adalah kemampuan yang dimiliki seseorang untuk menghadapi dan memecahkan berbagai makna, kontrol diri, dan menggunakan hati nurani dalam kehidupan serta kemampuan memberi makna nilai dalam hidup agar menjadi manusia yang sempurna atau insan kamil agar tercapai kehidupan dunia akhirat yang bahagia. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan "ingin mengetahui bagaimana peran guru PAI serta upaya yang dilakukan dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual siswa di SMK Wiyata Mandala Bogor dan hambatan apa saja yang dialami dalam prosesnya". Adapun metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif,Penelitian ini digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan cara meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual siswa. Skripsi ini disusun berdasarkan data lapangan yang menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriiptif, data yang dikumpulkan menggunakan metode observasi, interview dan dokumentasi. lalu dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data yaitu dengan mencatat hasil lapangan, mengumpulkan dan memilah data mengklarifikasi, dan memikirkan makna, pola dan hubungan kemudian membuat temuan-temuan. Setelah itu penulis mengadakan penelitian dengan beberapa metode diatas memperoleh hasil bahwa:1.kecerdasan spiritual siswa di SMK Wiyata Mandala Bogor sudah cukup baik, terlihat dari sikap siswa terhadap guru, teman dan lingkungannya serta dalam pelaksanaan ibadahnya sehari-hari. 2.cara guru PAI dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual siswa sudah sangat baik, yaitu melalui kegiatankegiatan keagamaan, nasehat dan keteladanan. 3. hambatan yang dihadapi adalah dengan adanya tantangan zaman seperti teknologi dan juga masih kurangnya minat siswa sertanya masih menjangkitnya rasa malas.

Evaluation of induced biological effects in rats by continuous and natural gamma radiation using a physical simulator

International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020

Abstract Purpose The effects of radioactivity on human health have been debated for many years bu... more Abstract Purpose The effects of radioactivity on human health have been debated for many years but there are still important gaps that need to be addressed especially related to the effects of high natural background radiation on the local population. The beach of Meaípe, in the city of Guarapari (Brazil), emits natural gamma radiation due to the presence of monazite sands. We aimed to investigate the effects of gamma radiation doses on the biological system of wistar rats using a physical simulator of gamma radiation designed using Meaípe monazite sands. Methods Female Wistar rats were divided into three groups, submitted to no radiation (control group) and to continuous radiation levels, one of very high level (20 μSv h−1) and another of high level (3.6 μSv h−1). The three group of animals were monitored weekly for 3 months and at the end of the study the animals were sacrificed, and the organs were extracted and weighed for anthropometric, oxidative stress and histological evaluations. Results Exposure to radiation released by the monazite sands did not cause anthropometric alterations or blood pressure change in the animals. Similarly, there was no change in the quantification of ovarian follicles between the radiation groups and the control group. There was no difference in the oxidative stress quantification by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and advanced oxidation protein product methods in the ovaries. There were no evidenced damages in the structure of the renal tissue. It was observed the presence of granulomas in the hepatic tissue and alterations in the nuclei of the hepatocytes. Conclusions Our results suggest that the continuous exposure of females rats to 3.6 and 20 μSv h−1 doses of gamma radiation slightly affected the hepatic tissue, but did not alter the histological parameters in the kidneys and ovaries and oxidative stress.

Urban Climate, 2020

The WRF model was used to simulate the air temperature field in January in São Paulo, Brazil, for... more The WRF model was used to simulate the air temperature field in January in São Paulo, Brazil, for 10 consecutive years (2004-2013), and to estimate the intensity of the urban heat island (UHI). The analysis considered: days with sea breeze passages, days with cold fronts, days with no sea breeze or cold front passages, and all days. The UHI intensity varied from 1.5 to 2.5 K between 0000 local time (LT) and 1100 LT, and from 2.5 to 3.5 K between 1200 LT and 2300 LT. The UHI core was aligned in the SW-NE direction during daytime. At night, the UHI core was larger, expanding over the urban area. The synoptic conditions substantially impacted the UHI intensity, spatial variability, and diurnal pattern: sea breeze days presented the highest UHI intensity and amplitude during the day; cold front days presented the smallest amplitude of UHI diurnal variability; and days with no fronts presented a larger area of higher temperatures, particularly at night. The UHI intensity for January 2014 was compared to the 10-year average for January. It presented a higher UHI intensity at night than the average for January and showed a UHI diurnal pattern similar to the sea breeze pattern.

Irradiações Uv, Par e IV Média Mensais Em Botucatu/SP/Brasil

Asades 2 012, Oct 2, 2012

Energy Procedia, 2014

This paper describes statistical and climatic analyses of G, UV, PAR and NIR irradiations, and UV... more This paper describes statistical and climatic analyses of G, UV, PAR and NIR irradiations, and UV/G, PAR/G and NIR/G fractions using a data base obtained from 2001 to 2005 in Botucatu/SP/Brazil. Values of irradiations and fractions are presented in two systematic series: Diurnal and Annual. Diurnal series shows values of irradiations and hourly mean fractions in annual and monthly time intervals, while annual series shows values of irradiations and monthly mean (hourly and daily) fractions. Effects of clouds, water vapor and aerosols were analyzed and discussed in the seasonal variations of irradiations and fractions in both series.

Revista Brasileira de Geofísica, 2000

A camada limite planetária (CLP) na região de Iperó-SP é estudada através de simulações numéricas... more A camada limite planetária (CLP) na região de Iperó-SP é estudada através de simulações numéricas utilizando um modelo unidimensional com fechamento de segunda ordem. Os resultados indicam que os fluxos verticais turbulentos, em resposta ao aquecimento solar, de calor sensível e latente têm valores máximos próximo à superfície decrescendo linearmente com a altura, favorecendo assim os transportes de calor e umidade para os níveis mais altos da atmosfera. No período noturno a turbulência térmica praticamente cessa e consequentemente os fluxos turbulentos são pequenos em toda extensão vertical da CLP. Em resposta a isto, os perfis verticais médios de temperatura e umidade são melhor simulados durante o dia. Por outro lado, os fluxos em superfície e o saldo de radiação simulados estão em quase perfeita concordância com os observados durante todo o período, e o ciclo diurno da temperatura do ar próximo à superfície é satisfatoriamente simulado. Palavras-chave: Camada Limite Planetária; Fluxos de Calor Sensível e Latente; Temperatura na Superfície; Fluxos Turbulentos. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER IN IPERÓ, SP-BRAZIL-One-dimensional second order numerical model coupled with surface budget energy prognostic equations is used to simulate the planetary boundary layer (PBL) in the region of Iperó-SP. Model results indicate that vertical turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes decrease upwards quasi-linearly from a maximum positive value at the surface. This implies that heat and humidity are transported from the ground surface into the higher atmosphere. The mechanical turbulent flux at night is very small and the thermal flux nearly ceases in all PBL vertical extension. Consequently, temperature and humidity mean vertical profiles are better simulated during the daylight period. On the other hand, the surface fluxes and simulated radiation budget are in very good agreement with the observed values. Therefore, the inclusion of the surface energy budget equation permits a significant improvement on the air near surface daily cycle temperature simulation.

J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. & Eng., 2003

The most basic mass conservation method is described here in detail. A simplified version of this... more The most basic mass conservation method is described here in detail. A simplified version of this method is then applied to estimate the wind field over a region of complex topography, the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo City, Brazil. The resulting adjusted wind field and its horizontal divergence patterns compare well with observed wind field, indicating that the topography has a major effect in the investigated area.

Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2007

The seasonal evolution of daily and hourly values of global and diffuse solar radiation at the su... more The seasonal evolution of daily and hourly values of global and diffuse solar radiation at the surface are compared for the cities of Sã ao Paulo and Botucatu, both located in Southeast Brazil and representative of urban and rural areas, respectively. The comparisons are based on measurements of global and diffuse solar irradiance carried out at the surface during a six year simultaneous period in these two cities. Despite the similar latitude and altitude, the seasonal evolution of daily values indicate that Sã ao Paulo receives, during clear sky days, 7.8% less global irradiance in August and 5.1% less in June than Botucatu. On the other hand, Sã ao Paulo receives, during clear sky days, 3.6% more diffuse irradiance in August and 15.6% more in June than Botucatu. The seasonal variation of the diurnal cycle confirms these differences and indicates that they are more pronounced during the afternoon. The regional differences are related to the distance from the Atlantic Ocean, systematic penetration of the sea breeze and daytime evolution of the particulate matter in Sã ao Paulo. An important mechanism controlling the spatial distribution of solar radiation, on a regional scale, is the sea breeze penetration in Sã ao Paulo, bringing moisture and maritime aerosol that in turn further increases the solar radiation scattering due to pollution and further reduces the intensity of the direct component of solar radiation at the surface. Surprisingly, under clear sky conditions the atmospheric attenuation of solar radiation in Botucatu during winter -the biomass burning period due to the sugar cane harvest -is equivalent to that at Sã ao Paulo City, indicating that the contamination during sugar cane harvest in Southeast Brazil has a large impact in the solar radiation field at the surface.

Annales Geophysicae, 1999

A baroclinic shallow-water model is developed to investigate the eect of the orientation of the e... more A baroclinic shallow-water model is developed to investigate the eect of the orientation of the eastern ocean boundary on the behavior of equatorial Kelvin waves. The model is formulated in a spherical polar coordinate system and includes dissipation and nonlinear terms, eects which have not been previously included in analytical approaches to the problem. Both equatorial and middle latitude response are considered given the large latitudinal extent used in the model. Baroclinic equatorial Kelvin waves of intraseasonal, seasonal and annual periods are introduced into the domain as pulses of ®nite width. Their subsequent re¯ection, transmission and dissipation are investigated. It is found that dissipation is very important for the transmission of wave energy along the boundary and for re¯ections from the boundary. The dissipation was found to be dependent not only on the presence of the coastal Kelvin waves in the domain, but also on the period of these coastal waves. In particular the dissipation increases with wave period. It is also shown that the equatorial b-plane approximation can allow an anomalous generation of Rossby waves at higher latitudes. Nonlinearities generally have a small eect on the solutions, within the con®nes of this model.

Correlações médias mensais da radiação solar global, difusa e direta dos espectros total e PAR em Botucatu/Brasil

RESUMO: No trabalho e apresentado os valores medios mensais das radiacoes solar global, direta e ... more RESUMO: No trabalho e apresentado os valores medios mensais das radiacoes solar global, direta e difusa do espectro total e das radiacoes PAR-global, PAR-direta e PAR-difusa do espectro PAR, calculados a partir de uma base de dados dessas radiacoes medidas num periodo de 15meses em Botucatu /SP/Brasil. Determinou-se ainda os seguintes parâmetros: valores medios mensais da transmissividade atmosferica das radiacoes solar global, difusa e direta dos espectros total e PAR; valores medios mensais da fracao PAR/global da radiacao global, fracao PAR-difusa da radiacao difusa e fracao PAR-direta da radiacao direta; valores medio mensais das fracoes difusa e direta da radiacao global e das fracoes Par-difusa e PARdireta da radiacao da PAR-global.

An air pollution model (Skewed Puff Model, SPM) based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory was ... more An air pollution model (Skewed Puff Model, SPM) based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory was applied to investigate the atmospheric radionuclide dispersion at Iperó in Brazil, the location of a nuclear industrial installation. The SPM numerical simulations were carried out using as input 5-minute averaged wind speed and direction observed at 11.5 m, friction velocity and the Monin-Obukhov length supplied by the surface energy-budget model, along with PBL height, estimated from empirical equilibrium expressions for the nighttime and Mixed-Layer model for the daytime. The agreement between the observed and simulated sensible and latent heat fluxes, friction velocity and Monin-Obukhov length, within a level of confidence of 99.9% indicates that the internal parameters chosen for the surface energy-budget model are representative of the interface soil-vegetation conditions at Iperó. The mean concentration field at the surface was estimated assuming that a hypothetical accident at Iperó produced a continuous emission from a 10 m high point source for 18 hours during the summer of 1993 and for 36 hours during the winter of 1992. The results indicated that, in the case of an accident, the highest concentration values are located near to the source and most of the contaminated area is within a 5 kilometers range, in both seasons. The shape of the contaminated area is defined by the wind speed pattern.

Probabilidade de ocorrência de alguns eventos meteorológicos extremos na cidade de São Paulo

... PROBABILIDADE INCONDICIONAL DO DIA INICIAL F ( S ) Figura 6 -, Probabilidade condicional e in... more ... PROBABILIDADE INCONDICIONAL DO DIA INICIAL F ( S ) Figura 6 -, Probabilidade condicional e incondicional da temperatura mínima.diária ser inferior a 10oC. ... Esse horário coin-cide com o horário preferencial de penetração da brisa ma rltima na cidade de São Paulo. ...

RESUMO: No trabalho é apresentada à série diurno/noturna (anual e mensal) da radiação de onda lon... more RESUMO: No trabalho é apresentada à série diurno/noturna (anual e mensal) da radiação de onda longa (LW) horária, medida no período de 2000 a 2006 em Botucatu/SP/Brasil. A irradiação LW horária em MJ/m2 mostrou ser dependente da radiação de ondas curtas SW e das variações de parâmetros meteorológicos da atmosfera local como temperatura, umidade e nebulosidade. Os valores de LW foram mais elevados no verão onde a radiação SW, temperatura, nebulosidade, vapor dagua são mais elevadas do ano, e os menores ...

Anais do 8º Congreso iberoamericano de ingenieria mecanica, Cusco, Peru. 8º Congreso iberoamericano de ingenieria mecanica.(CDROM), 2007

RESUMO Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a evolução temporal das componentes do balanço d... more RESUMO Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a evolução temporal das componentes do balanço de radiação na superfície da região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo durante o ano de 2004. E avaliar a possibilidade de utilizar estimativas de satélite para representar os padrões espaciais das componentes do balanço de radiação na superfície da região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo. As observações na plataforma micrometeorológica do Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências ...

This work describes the seasonal and diurnal variations of downward longwave atmospheric irradian... more This work describes the seasonal and diurnal variations of downward longwave atmospheric irradiance (LW) at the surface in São Paulo, Brazil, using 5-min-averaged values of LW, air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation observed continuously and simultaneously from 1997 to 2006 on a micrometeorological platform, located at the top of a 4-story building. An objective procedure, including 2-step filtering and dome emission effect correction, was used to evaluate the quality of the 9-yr-long LW dataset. The comparison between LW values observed and yielded by the Surface Radiation Budget project shows spatial and temporal agreement, indicating that monthly and annual average values of LW observed in one point of São Paulo can be used as representative of the entire metropolitan region of São Paulo. The maximum monthly averaged value of the LW is observed during summer (389 6 14 W m; January), and the minimum is observed during winter (332 6 12 W m; July). The effective emi...

Effect of sea breeze propagation on the urban boundary layer of the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Atmospheric Research