Marcelo Magioli | Universidade de São Paulo (original) (raw)
Papers by Marcelo Magioli
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), May 24, 2023
Revista do Instituto Florestal
In the current scenario of environmental changes, anthropic pressures on biodiversity are in cons... more In the current scenario of environmental changes, anthropic pressures on biodiversity are in constant increase, stressing the importance of assessing the distribution and occurrence of organisms in natural regions, especially in protected areas. Here we surveyed the terrestrial vertebrate fauna of Assis State Forest and updated the existing species list. Reptiles were sampled using pitfall traps and active search, birds by transects and listening points, while terrestrial mammals were sampled using camera traps, linear transect census, active search, pitfall and live traps. Four samplings were conducted, totaling 28 days of sampling effort. We recorded a total richness of 230 terrestrial vertebrate species: 21 amphibians, 17 reptiles, 164 birds, 23 medium and large-sized mammals and 25 small mammals. Of these, seven species are considered endangered at the state and / or federal level. Our results led to the inclusion of 78 bird species and six medium- and large-sized mammals to the...
Brazilian Journal of Mammalogy
A coleta e a qualidade de dados primários sobre a ocorrência e distribuição das espécies são esse... more A coleta e a qualidade de dados primários sobre a ocorrência e distribuição das espécies são essenciais para subsidiar iniciativas de conservação. Nesse estudo, monitoramos mamíferos de médio e grande porte em duas áreas protegidas na porção sudoeste da Mata Atlântica da Bahia, a RPPN Estação Veracel (RPPNEV) e o Parque Nacional do Pau Brasil (PNPB), com o objetivo de atualizar as listas de espécies e discutir a sua ocorrência na região. Conduzimos o armadilhamento fotográfico entre 2018-2021, registrando 31 espécies (RPPNEV=26, PNPB=31). Adicionando registros anteriores, a riqueza total agregada foi ampliada para 36 espécies (RPPNEV=30, PNPB=34), com 36% delas ameaçadas regionalmente. Dasyprocta leporina, Dasypus novemcinctus e Mazama sp. foram as espécies mais abundantes na RPPNEV, e D. novemcinctus, Dicotyles tajacu e Mazama sp. no PNPB. Apesar do esforço amostral substancial (16.057 armadilhas-dia), os estimadores de riqueza indicaram que mais espécies podem ser registradas em a...
Forest Ecology and Management
Forest Ecology and Management
Mammalia
To enable long-term coexistence, species need to differentiate at least one of the three main dim... more To enable long-term coexistence, species need to differentiate at least one of the three main dimensions of the ecological niche (temporal, spatial, or trophic dimension). Here, we investigated whether mammalian predators (Chrysocyon brachyurus, Cerdocyon thous, Lycalopex vetulus, and Puma concolor) follow the prediction of trophic niche partitioning, which is expected when partitioning of food resources represents an important mechanism for coexistence. We predicted low niche overlap in general and low between P. concolor and the other species. We analyzed 207 fecal samples collected at a landscape composed of forest remnants immersed in Eucalyptus plantations. Food items (animals and plants) were identified using exoskeletons, feathers, scales, teeth, hair, and seeds. We calculated the frequency and percentage of occurrence of food items, niche breadth, and niche overlap between pairs of species. Prey size was similar among all predators, consuming mainly small-sized prey (<1 k...
Biota Neotropica
Mammals are charismatic organisms that play a fundamental role in ecological functions and ecosys... more Mammals are charismatic organisms that play a fundamental role in ecological functions and ecosystem services, such as pollination, seed dispersal, nutrient cycling, and pest control. The state of São Paulo represents only 3% of the Brazilian territory but holds 33% of its mammalian diversity. Most of its territory is dominated by agriculture, pastures, and urban areas which directly affect the diversity and persistence of mammals in the landscape. In addition, São Paulo has the largest port in Latin America and the largest offshore oil reservoir in Brazil, with a 600 km stretch of coastline with several marine mammal species. These human-made infrastructures affect the diversity, distribution, ecology, and the future of mammals in the state. Here, we answer five main questions: 1) What is the diversity of wild mammals in São Paulo state? 2) Where are they? 3) What is their positive and negative impact on human well-being? 4) How do mammals thrive in human-modified landscapes? 5) Wh...
Mastozoología Neotropical
Animal Conservation
How species persist in fragmented habitats is essential to understanding species resilience in re... more How species persist in fragmented habitats is essential to understanding species resilience in response to increasing anthropogenic pressures. It has been suggested that expansion in dietary niche allows populations to persist in human‐modified landscapes, yet this hypothesis has been poorly tested in highly diverse ecosystems such as tropical forests where frugivory is ubiquitous. Here, we measured dietary niche expansion of a large forest‐dwelling mammal, the white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, by comparing its diet using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes. We collected hair of white‐lipped peccaries in three continuous and three fragmented forests and compared δ13C and δ15N values, resource use and isotopic niches among populations and between forest types. We also tested the relationship between isotopic values of the populations and the forest cover percentage. White‐lipped peccaries fed mainly on forest sources (C3 resources), ...
Oecologia, 2021
Deforestation and habitat loss resulting from land use changes are some of the utmost anthropogen... more Deforestation and habitat loss resulting from land use changes are some of the utmost anthropogenic impacts that threaten tropical birds in human-modified landscapes (HMLs). The degree of these impacts on birds' diet, habitat use, and ecological niche can be measured by isotopic analysis. We investigated whether the isotopic niche width, food resources, and habitat use of bird trophic guilds differed between HMLs and natural landscapes (NLs) using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotopes (δ15N). We analyzed feathers of 851 bird individuals from 28 landscapes in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We classified landscapes into two groups according to the percentage of forest cover (HMLs ≤ 30%; NLs ≥ 47%), and compared the isotopic niche width and mean values of δ13C and δ15N for each guild between landscape types. The niches of frugivores, insectivores, nectarivores, and omnivores were narrower in HMLs, whereas granivores showed the opposite pattern. In HMLs, nectarivores showed a reduction of 44% in niche width, while granivores presented an expansion of 26%. Individuals in HMLs consumed more resources from agricultural areas (C4 plants), but almost all guilds showed a preference for forest resources (C3 plants) in both landscape types, except granivores. Degraded and fragmented landscapes typically present a lower availability of habitat and food resources for many species, which was reflected by the reduction in niche width of birds in HMLs. Therefore, to protect the diversity of guilds in HMLs, landscape management strategies that offer birds more diverse habitats must be implemented in tropical regions.
Integrative Zoology, 2022
Understanding of resource requirements of vulnerable species is key for conservation planning. He... more Understanding of resource requirements of vulnerable species is key for conservation planning. Here, we used stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) of hair from giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus) to understand individual resource use. We collected hair from 19 giant armadillos analyzing 34 samples from the Brazilian Pantanal and compared the resource use between sexes and age classes. We also assessed the relationship of isotopic values with individuals’ body mass and the habitat type used. We observed a wide variation in resource use by giant armadillos, showing that individuals consume prey that feeds on distinct resources and occupies different habitat types, indicating that there is individual variation in foraging behavior. Most giant armadillos presented a mixed diet (C3/C4 resources, forests/open areas), but a quarter of individuals had strictly C4 diets (open areas). Males are more prone to forage on C4 resources, presenting an isotopic niche 2.6‐times larger t...
Brazilian Journal of Mammalogy, 2021
The intensification of land use changes in tropical forests during the 20th century, mainly cause... more The intensification of land use changes in tropical forests during the 20th century, mainly caused by deforestation for agricultural uses, had an overwhelming influence on bird assemblages. However, how these historical anthropogenic changes have impacted the habitat use and diet of tropical birds is poorly known. Stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) can be useful in this regard since it provides information not only on the habitat and food resource use but also insights on the dietary niche of species. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether centenary anthropogenic impacts, mainly caused by changes in landscape composition, have affected the resource and habitat use and isotopic niche width of Neotropical birds in a region that comprises two biodiversity hotspots — the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado in southeastern Brazil. We found that the niche width of all bird guilds (frugivore, granivore, insectivore, nectarivore, and omnivore) was largely reduced (28–70%) from the twentieth centur...
Journal for Nature Conservation, 2022
Biota Neotropica, 2018
The jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) is the second most widespread carnivore of the Americas, and c... more The jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) is the second most widespread carnivore of the Americas, and considered a threatened species in Brazil. However, most of its ecology is unknown, and few information is available about species that may act as its predator. In this study we present evidence of the predation of a jaguarundi by puma (Puma concolor) in a protected area (Carlos Botelho State Park) in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. We collected fecal samples in trails and dirt roads in the study area, and by using hair cuticle imprints and medullar patterns, we identified a puma scat containing hair and claws of a jaguarundi. Pumas usually consume carnivores, but the presence of felids is uncommon, especially in Brazil. This could be considered an antagonist interaction, but pumas and jaguarundis do not compete for territory or prey in large protected areas, since pumas have a high intake of larger prey (> 1 kg). Thus, we conclude that this an episode of intraguild predat...
These datasets are part of the article entitled 'Land-use changes lead to functional loss of ... more These datasets are part of the article entitled 'Land-use changes lead to functional loss of terrestrial mammals in a Neotropical rainforest' available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2021.02.006. Assemblage dataset Table S1. Assemblages dataset. Assemblages of medium- and large-sized mammals of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, used for analysis, including the selected studies, geographic coordinates, biogeographic regions, number of forest remnants in each study, the patch size extracted from the studies, and the patch size calculated in buffers of 2 km radius of each area (in ha), sampling methods and species richness. All studies that compose this dataset are properly cited in this table. Table S2. Species composition of 96 assemblages of medium- and large-sized mammals of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. All studies that compose this dataset are properly cited in this table. Diet dataset Table S3. Diet dataset. Contribution of the 83 species of medium- and large-sized mammals of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, for each ecological function, including the number of studies used to characterize each function per species, mean values and standard deviations for each ecological function, species mean body mass (in kg; extracted from Paglia et al., 2012) and the classification of species as sensitive or resilient to habitat loss based on threat categories according to the Brazilian (MMA/ICMBio, 2018) and IUCN (2020) red lists. All studies that compose this dataset are properly cited in this table. Citation: Magioli, M, Ferraz, KMPMB, Chiarello, AG, Galetti, M, Setz, EZF, Paglia, AP, Abrego, N, Ribeiro, MC, Ovaskainen, O. 2021. Land-use changes lead to functional loss of terrestrial mammals in a Neotropical rainforest. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2021.02.006)
Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, 2021
h i g h l i g h t s • Mammal richness and body mass are directly and negatively affected by defor... more h i g h l i g h t s • Mammal richness and body mass are directly and negatively affected by deforestation. • Vulnerable ecological functions lose prevalence with land-use change. • Persistent ecological functions are benefitted by increasing anthropogenic land-use. • Five out of ten ecological functions lose prevalence in human-modified landscapes.
Biological Conservation, 2021
Abstract The Brazilian Atlantic Forest of Southern Bahia is a megadiverse region given its remark... more Abstract The Brazilian Atlantic Forest of Southern Bahia is a megadiverse region given its remarkable number of species and endemism. Despite being a priority region for biodiversity conservation, the role of protected and unprotected forest remnants for long-term species conservation is unknown. Here, we unveil the main patterns of occurrence and distribution of medium- and large-sized mammals in remnants of the Atlantic Forest of Southern Bahia, to generate subsidies for applied conservation strategies. We recorded mammals using camera-traps, active search, and/or line-transect surveys and complemented our species list with literature data. We thus obtained information on richness attributes, relative abundance, and biomass of mammal species per forest remnant, compared assemblages in protected and unprotected areas, and finally investigated both species-area and biomass-area relationships. From 72 forest remnants assessed, we recorded 45 mammal species, including 19 threatened locally. Protected areas were richer in species, especially concerning threatened ones, and concentrated most of the mammal biomass, which presented consistently low values for most areas. The positive and significant species-area and biomass-area relationships further corroborate these patterns since protected areas are larger in size. Despite the historic anthropogenic pressures, we conclude that Southern Bahia still harbors an expressive mammal diversity, with protected areas being critical to maintain most of the species' richness and biomass across the entire region. Nevertheless, small unprotected remnants (
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), May 24, 2023
Revista do Instituto Florestal
In the current scenario of environmental changes, anthropic pressures on biodiversity are in cons... more In the current scenario of environmental changes, anthropic pressures on biodiversity are in constant increase, stressing the importance of assessing the distribution and occurrence of organisms in natural regions, especially in protected areas. Here we surveyed the terrestrial vertebrate fauna of Assis State Forest and updated the existing species list. Reptiles were sampled using pitfall traps and active search, birds by transects and listening points, while terrestrial mammals were sampled using camera traps, linear transect census, active search, pitfall and live traps. Four samplings were conducted, totaling 28 days of sampling effort. We recorded a total richness of 230 terrestrial vertebrate species: 21 amphibians, 17 reptiles, 164 birds, 23 medium and large-sized mammals and 25 small mammals. Of these, seven species are considered endangered at the state and / or federal level. Our results led to the inclusion of 78 bird species and six medium- and large-sized mammals to the...
Brazilian Journal of Mammalogy
A coleta e a qualidade de dados primários sobre a ocorrência e distribuição das espécies são esse... more A coleta e a qualidade de dados primários sobre a ocorrência e distribuição das espécies são essenciais para subsidiar iniciativas de conservação. Nesse estudo, monitoramos mamíferos de médio e grande porte em duas áreas protegidas na porção sudoeste da Mata Atlântica da Bahia, a RPPN Estação Veracel (RPPNEV) e o Parque Nacional do Pau Brasil (PNPB), com o objetivo de atualizar as listas de espécies e discutir a sua ocorrência na região. Conduzimos o armadilhamento fotográfico entre 2018-2021, registrando 31 espécies (RPPNEV=26, PNPB=31). Adicionando registros anteriores, a riqueza total agregada foi ampliada para 36 espécies (RPPNEV=30, PNPB=34), com 36% delas ameaçadas regionalmente. Dasyprocta leporina, Dasypus novemcinctus e Mazama sp. foram as espécies mais abundantes na RPPNEV, e D. novemcinctus, Dicotyles tajacu e Mazama sp. no PNPB. Apesar do esforço amostral substancial (16.057 armadilhas-dia), os estimadores de riqueza indicaram que mais espécies podem ser registradas em a...
Forest Ecology and Management
Forest Ecology and Management
Mammalia
To enable long-term coexistence, species need to differentiate at least one of the three main dim... more To enable long-term coexistence, species need to differentiate at least one of the three main dimensions of the ecological niche (temporal, spatial, or trophic dimension). Here, we investigated whether mammalian predators (Chrysocyon brachyurus, Cerdocyon thous, Lycalopex vetulus, and Puma concolor) follow the prediction of trophic niche partitioning, which is expected when partitioning of food resources represents an important mechanism for coexistence. We predicted low niche overlap in general and low between P. concolor and the other species. We analyzed 207 fecal samples collected at a landscape composed of forest remnants immersed in Eucalyptus plantations. Food items (animals and plants) were identified using exoskeletons, feathers, scales, teeth, hair, and seeds. We calculated the frequency and percentage of occurrence of food items, niche breadth, and niche overlap between pairs of species. Prey size was similar among all predators, consuming mainly small-sized prey (<1 k...
Biota Neotropica
Mammals are charismatic organisms that play a fundamental role in ecological functions and ecosys... more Mammals are charismatic organisms that play a fundamental role in ecological functions and ecosystem services, such as pollination, seed dispersal, nutrient cycling, and pest control. The state of São Paulo represents only 3% of the Brazilian territory but holds 33% of its mammalian diversity. Most of its territory is dominated by agriculture, pastures, and urban areas which directly affect the diversity and persistence of mammals in the landscape. In addition, São Paulo has the largest port in Latin America and the largest offshore oil reservoir in Brazil, with a 600 km stretch of coastline with several marine mammal species. These human-made infrastructures affect the diversity, distribution, ecology, and the future of mammals in the state. Here, we answer five main questions: 1) What is the diversity of wild mammals in São Paulo state? 2) Where are they? 3) What is their positive and negative impact on human well-being? 4) How do mammals thrive in human-modified landscapes? 5) Wh...
Mastozoología Neotropical
Animal Conservation
How species persist in fragmented habitats is essential to understanding species resilience in re... more How species persist in fragmented habitats is essential to understanding species resilience in response to increasing anthropogenic pressures. It has been suggested that expansion in dietary niche allows populations to persist in human‐modified landscapes, yet this hypothesis has been poorly tested in highly diverse ecosystems such as tropical forests where frugivory is ubiquitous. Here, we measured dietary niche expansion of a large forest‐dwelling mammal, the white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, by comparing its diet using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes. We collected hair of white‐lipped peccaries in three continuous and three fragmented forests and compared δ13C and δ15N values, resource use and isotopic niches among populations and between forest types. We also tested the relationship between isotopic values of the populations and the forest cover percentage. White‐lipped peccaries fed mainly on forest sources (C3 resources), ...
Oecologia, 2021
Deforestation and habitat loss resulting from land use changes are some of the utmost anthropogen... more Deforestation and habitat loss resulting from land use changes are some of the utmost anthropogenic impacts that threaten tropical birds in human-modified landscapes (HMLs). The degree of these impacts on birds' diet, habitat use, and ecological niche can be measured by isotopic analysis. We investigated whether the isotopic niche width, food resources, and habitat use of bird trophic guilds differed between HMLs and natural landscapes (NLs) using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotopes (δ15N). We analyzed feathers of 851 bird individuals from 28 landscapes in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We classified landscapes into two groups according to the percentage of forest cover (HMLs ≤ 30%; NLs ≥ 47%), and compared the isotopic niche width and mean values of δ13C and δ15N for each guild between landscape types. The niches of frugivores, insectivores, nectarivores, and omnivores were narrower in HMLs, whereas granivores showed the opposite pattern. In HMLs, nectarivores showed a reduction of 44% in niche width, while granivores presented an expansion of 26%. Individuals in HMLs consumed more resources from agricultural areas (C4 plants), but almost all guilds showed a preference for forest resources (C3 plants) in both landscape types, except granivores. Degraded and fragmented landscapes typically present a lower availability of habitat and food resources for many species, which was reflected by the reduction in niche width of birds in HMLs. Therefore, to protect the diversity of guilds in HMLs, landscape management strategies that offer birds more diverse habitats must be implemented in tropical regions.
Integrative Zoology, 2022
Understanding of resource requirements of vulnerable species is key for conservation planning. He... more Understanding of resource requirements of vulnerable species is key for conservation planning. Here, we used stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) of hair from giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus) to understand individual resource use. We collected hair from 19 giant armadillos analyzing 34 samples from the Brazilian Pantanal and compared the resource use between sexes and age classes. We also assessed the relationship of isotopic values with individuals’ body mass and the habitat type used. We observed a wide variation in resource use by giant armadillos, showing that individuals consume prey that feeds on distinct resources and occupies different habitat types, indicating that there is individual variation in foraging behavior. Most giant armadillos presented a mixed diet (C3/C4 resources, forests/open areas), but a quarter of individuals had strictly C4 diets (open areas). Males are more prone to forage on C4 resources, presenting an isotopic niche 2.6‐times larger t...
Brazilian Journal of Mammalogy, 2021
The intensification of land use changes in tropical forests during the 20th century, mainly cause... more The intensification of land use changes in tropical forests during the 20th century, mainly caused by deforestation for agricultural uses, had an overwhelming influence on bird assemblages. However, how these historical anthropogenic changes have impacted the habitat use and diet of tropical birds is poorly known. Stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) can be useful in this regard since it provides information not only on the habitat and food resource use but also insights on the dietary niche of species. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether centenary anthropogenic impacts, mainly caused by changes in landscape composition, have affected the resource and habitat use and isotopic niche width of Neotropical birds in a region that comprises two biodiversity hotspots — the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado in southeastern Brazil. We found that the niche width of all bird guilds (frugivore, granivore, insectivore, nectarivore, and omnivore) was largely reduced (28–70%) from the twentieth centur...
Journal for Nature Conservation, 2022
Biota Neotropica, 2018
The jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) is the second most widespread carnivore of the Americas, and c... more The jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) is the second most widespread carnivore of the Americas, and considered a threatened species in Brazil. However, most of its ecology is unknown, and few information is available about species that may act as its predator. In this study we present evidence of the predation of a jaguarundi by puma (Puma concolor) in a protected area (Carlos Botelho State Park) in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. We collected fecal samples in trails and dirt roads in the study area, and by using hair cuticle imprints and medullar patterns, we identified a puma scat containing hair and claws of a jaguarundi. Pumas usually consume carnivores, but the presence of felids is uncommon, especially in Brazil. This could be considered an antagonist interaction, but pumas and jaguarundis do not compete for territory or prey in large protected areas, since pumas have a high intake of larger prey (> 1 kg). Thus, we conclude that this an episode of intraguild predat...
These datasets are part of the article entitled 'Land-use changes lead to functional loss of ... more These datasets are part of the article entitled 'Land-use changes lead to functional loss of terrestrial mammals in a Neotropical rainforest' available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2021.02.006. Assemblage dataset Table S1. Assemblages dataset. Assemblages of medium- and large-sized mammals of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, used for analysis, including the selected studies, geographic coordinates, biogeographic regions, number of forest remnants in each study, the patch size extracted from the studies, and the patch size calculated in buffers of 2 km radius of each area (in ha), sampling methods and species richness. All studies that compose this dataset are properly cited in this table. Table S2. Species composition of 96 assemblages of medium- and large-sized mammals of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. All studies that compose this dataset are properly cited in this table. Diet dataset Table S3. Diet dataset. Contribution of the 83 species of medium- and large-sized mammals of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, for each ecological function, including the number of studies used to characterize each function per species, mean values and standard deviations for each ecological function, species mean body mass (in kg; extracted from Paglia et al., 2012) and the classification of species as sensitive or resilient to habitat loss based on threat categories according to the Brazilian (MMA/ICMBio, 2018) and IUCN (2020) red lists. All studies that compose this dataset are properly cited in this table. Citation: Magioli, M, Ferraz, KMPMB, Chiarello, AG, Galetti, M, Setz, EZF, Paglia, AP, Abrego, N, Ribeiro, MC, Ovaskainen, O. 2021. Land-use changes lead to functional loss of terrestrial mammals in a Neotropical rainforest. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2021.02.006)
Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, 2021
h i g h l i g h t s • Mammal richness and body mass are directly and negatively affected by defor... more h i g h l i g h t s • Mammal richness and body mass are directly and negatively affected by deforestation. • Vulnerable ecological functions lose prevalence with land-use change. • Persistent ecological functions are benefitted by increasing anthropogenic land-use. • Five out of ten ecological functions lose prevalence in human-modified landscapes.
Biological Conservation, 2021
Abstract The Brazilian Atlantic Forest of Southern Bahia is a megadiverse region given its remark... more Abstract The Brazilian Atlantic Forest of Southern Bahia is a megadiverse region given its remarkable number of species and endemism. Despite being a priority region for biodiversity conservation, the role of protected and unprotected forest remnants for long-term species conservation is unknown. Here, we unveil the main patterns of occurrence and distribution of medium- and large-sized mammals in remnants of the Atlantic Forest of Southern Bahia, to generate subsidies for applied conservation strategies. We recorded mammals using camera-traps, active search, and/or line-transect surveys and complemented our species list with literature data. We thus obtained information on richness attributes, relative abundance, and biomass of mammal species per forest remnant, compared assemblages in protected and unprotected areas, and finally investigated both species-area and biomass-area relationships. From 72 forest remnants assessed, we recorded 45 mammal species, including 19 threatened locally. Protected areas were richer in species, especially concerning threatened ones, and concentrated most of the mammal biomass, which presented consistently low values for most areas. The positive and significant species-area and biomass-area relationships further corroborate these patterns since protected areas are larger in size. Despite the historic anthropogenic pressures, we conclude that Southern Bahia still harbors an expressive mammal diversity, with protected areas being critical to maintain most of the species' richness and biomass across the entire region. Nevertheless, small unprotected remnants (