Maria C P Saraiva | Universidade de São Paulo (original) (raw)

Papers by Maria C P Saraiva

Research paper thumbnail of Are mental health problems and depression associated with bruxism in children?

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Lead exposure and periodontitis in US adults

Research paper thumbnail of Is low birthweight associated with dental caries in permanent dentition

Saraiva MCP, Chiga S, Bettiol H, Silva AA, Barbieri MA. Is low birthweight associated with dental... more Saraiva MCP, Chiga S, Bettiol H, Silva AA, Barbieri MA. Is low birthweight associated with dental caries in permanent dentition? Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2007; 21: 49–56. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of association between low birthweight and dental caries. This study used data from the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, 1988–94 (NHANES III) including 7-to 11-year-old children with complete dental caries information (n = 2439). Two case definitions for dental caries were used: presence of the disease in more than one tooth, and more than 10% of teeth with dental caries. Low birthweight was defined as those children born weighing < 2500 g. Other covariates used in the analysis were sex, age, poverty level, race/ ethnicity, frequency of dental visit, education of head of household, daily sucrose intake, blood lead level and blood cotinine level. A separate analysis was conducted for each case definition of dental caries. Bivariable and stratified analysis was performed followed by multivariable Poisson regression. The Stata 8.0 statistical package was used to take into consideration the multistage complex sample. For the definition of more than one tooth with dental caries, the prevalence ratios (PRs) for bivariable and multivariable analyses were 1.28 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48, 3.42] and 1.01 [95% CI: 0.41, 2.49] respectively. For the definition of > 10% of teeth with dental caries, the PRs for bivariable and multivariable analyses were 1.33 [95% CI: 0.60, 2.96] and 1.32 [95% CI: 0.75, 2.30] respectively. This study could not demonstrate an association between low birthweight and dental caries in permanent teeth of 7-to 11-year-old American children.

Research paper thumbnail of Are mental health problems and depression associated with bruxism in children?

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Desfechos perinatais e alterações na cavidade bucal: coortes brasileiras de Ribeirão Preto e São Luís

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 2015

Studies have shown a possible association of oral diseases during pregnancy with preterm birth (P... more Studies have shown a possible association of oral diseases during pregnancy with preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW). These perinatal outcomes appear to be associated with enamel defects in the primary dentition, which, in turn, seem to predispose to future development of caries in children. Therefore it is relevant to include oral health variables of the mother/child dyad in cohort studies to understand how these factors are associated. The objectives of this study are: 1) check if there is an association between diseases of the oral cavity of pregnant women and PTB, 2) test the hypothesis of association between perinatal outcomes and enamel defects/dental caries in children, 3) examine whether there are associations between perinatal outcomes and disorders of tooth eruption in children; 4) build theoretical models to study social inequities as a common factor between oral conditions and perinatal outcomes. We used an integrated, collaborative approach between two Brazilian cities with contrasting socioeconomic conditions: Sao Luis , MA, and Ribeirão Preto, SP - British Birth Cohort Studies study (BRISA Ribeirão Preto, São Luís). Two cohorts were evaluated: one initiated at birth, representative of the population of live births, and another, initiated prenatally. Participants were reassessed from the beginning of the second year of life. It is expected that these cohorts will contribute to foster the development and consolidation of population-based follow-up studies in Brazil.

Research paper thumbnail of Factors associated with prolonged non-nutritive sucking habits in two cohorts of Brazilian children

BMC Public Health, 2014

Background: Non-nutritive sucking habits (NNSH) are very common during childhood. However, if the... more Background: Non-nutritive sucking habits (NNSH) are very common during childhood. However, if these habits were maintained for 36 months of age or more, they are considered to be prolonged (PNNSH) and can cause occlusal, physiological and esthetic changes. There is controversy about their prevalence and whether perinatal, social, demographic and health characteristics influence their onset and duration. So, the objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of PNNSH and to evaluate perinatal, early life and school age factors associated with their occurrence in children.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of a 0.5% chlorhexidine gel on dental plaque superinfecting microorganisms in mentally handicapped patients

Pesquisa Odontológica Brasileira, 2003

A randomized clinical trial was conducted to investigate the effect of a 0.5% chlorhexidine (CHX)... more A randomized clinical trial was conducted to investigate the effect of a 0.5% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel on dental plaque superinfecting microorganisms in mentally handicapped patients. Thirty inmates from the institution "Casas André Luiz" were assigned to either test group (CHX gel, n = 15) or control group (placebo gel, n = 15). The gel was administered over a period of 8 weeks. Supragingival plaque samples were collected at baseline, after gel use (8 weeks) and 16 weeks after baseline. The presence of Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and yeasts was evaluated. No significant growth of any superinfecting microorganism was observed in the CHX group, when compared to the placebo group. The results indicated that the 0.5% chlorhexidine gel did not produce an undesirable shift in these bacterial populations. DESCRIPTORS: Chlorhexidine; Cerebral palsy; Staphylococcus; Enterobacteriaceae; Yeasts.

Research paper thumbnail of Fluoride increases lead concentrations in whole blood and in calcified tissues from lead-exposed rats

Toxicology, 2010

Higher blood lead (BPb) levels have been reported in children living in communities that receive ... more Higher blood lead (BPb) levels have been reported in children living in communities that receive fluoride-treated water. Here, we examined whether fluoride co-administered with lead increases BPb and lead concentrations in calcified tissues in Wistar rats exposed to this metal from the beginning of gestation. We exposed female rats and their offspring to control water (Control Group), 100 mg/L of fluoride (F Group), 30 mg/L of lead (Pb Group), or 100 mg/L of fluoride and 30 mg/L of lead (F + Pb Group) from 1 week prior to mating until offspring was 81 days old.

Research paper thumbnail of In vivo studies on lead content of deciduous teeth superficial enamel of preschool children

Science of The Total Environment, 2004

The amount of lead in the superficial enamel of deciduous teeth from 4- and 5-year-old children w... more The amount of lead in the superficial enamel of deciduous teeth from 4- and 5-year-old children was determined by means of an enamel biopsy followed by lead analysis by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Children examined in this study (n=329) attended public preschools in the city of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The selection of preschools was based on geographical location: some were located in an industrial area of the city, whereas others were located in an area devoid of industries. The objectives of this study were (1) to test whether enamel biopsies were an appropriate method for lead content population screening in young children; (2) to verify the lead content of superficial enamel of preschool children&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s deciduous teeth and to compare the results obtained from children exposed to different environments; (3) to analyze how biopsy depth correlated with lead content and affected comparisons between groups. An adhesive tape with a central hole (diameter=1.6 mm) was placed on one of the upper central incisors. Five microliters of 1.6 M l(-1) HCl in 70% glycerol (v/v) were applied to this area for 20 s, followed by a rinse with 5-microl ultrapurified water for 10 s. It was shown that the technique was feasible for population studies on young children. The lead concentration in enamel biopsies from the industrial area children (median: 169 ppm Pb) was significantly higher than that from the children living far from industries (118.1 ppm Pb) (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.0001). Analysis of the data showed that biopsies deeper than 3.9 microm gave more reliable results for comparisons between groups. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use an enamel microbiopsy to characterize a large sample of young children in vivo for lead monitoring in teeth.

Research paper thumbnail of Does child labour affect final height?

Occupational Medicine, 2006

Background Although the negative effects of child labour on health are well known, the impact of ... more Background Although the negative effects of child labour on health are well known, the impact of child labour on final height is still controversial.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of the checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridisation technique for in vivo detection of cariogenic microorganisms on metallic brackets, with or without use of an antimicrobial agent

Journal of Dentistry, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Lead contents in the surface enamel of deciduous teeth sampled in vivo from children in uncontaminated and in lead-contaminated areas☆

Environmental Research, 2007

This study aimed to: (1) measure lead contents in the surface enamel of two populations consistin... more This study aimed to: (1) measure lead contents in the surface enamel of two populations consisting of 4-6-year-old children, one from an apparently uncontaminated area (Ribeira˜o Preto, Sa˜o Paulo State, SP, Brazil, n ¼ 247) and the other from an area notoriously contaminated with lead (Bauru, Sa˜o Paulo State, Brazil, n ¼ 26); (2) compare biopsy depths between the two populations; (3) correlate biopsy depth with lead content; (4) stratify samples according to biopsy depth to compare lead contents in samples from similar biopsy depths. A surface enamel acid-etch microbiopsy was performed in vivo on a single upper deciduous incisor for each sample. Lead was measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) while phosphorus was measured colorimetrically to establish biopsy depth. Samples from both populations were classified into categories of similar biopsy depths based on biopsy depth quartiles. Median lead contents were statistically different between the Ribeira˜o Preto population (206 mg/g, range: 5-1399 mg/g) and the Bauru population (786 mg/g, range: 320-4711 mg/g) (po0.001); however, biopsy depth did not differ between the Ribeira˜o Preto (3.9 mm, Standard Deviation, SD ¼ 0.9) and Bauru (3.8 mm, SD ¼ 0.9) populations (p ¼ 0.7940). Pearson's correlation coefficient for biopsy depths versus log 10 lead values was À0.29 for Ribeira˜o Preto and À0.18 for Bauru. Lead contents were statistically different between the two populations for all quartiles of biopsy depth. These findings suggest that lead accumulated in the surface enamel of deciduous teeth is linked to the environment in which people reside, indicating that this tissue should be further explored as an accessible biomarker of lead exposure. r

Research paper thumbnail of Are intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth associated with dental caries?

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Microbiological Evaluation of Different Irrigation Protocols on Root Canal Disinfection in Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: An In Vivo Study

Brazilian Dental Journal, 2013

The present in vivo study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of apical negative pressure irrig... more The present in vivo study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of apical negative pressure irrigation (ANP), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and positive pressure irrigation (PP) in the reduction of intracanal bacteria of dogs' teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis. Eighty root canals were randomly distributed into 3 experimental and 2 control groups according to the irrigation delivery system: group ANP (n=20), group PUI (n=20), group PP (n=20), group PC (positive control -sterile saline irrigation; n=10) and group NC (negative control -vital pulps not subjected to bacterial inoculation; n=10). The first sample (S1) was collected at baseline, and the second sample (S2) was collected after the disinfection protocols. All samples were seeded in culture media for anaerobic bacteria. CFU counts were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis, Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post-hoc and Chi-square followed by Tukey like multiple comparisons for proportions (α=0.05). All experimental groups were effective in reducing Gram-positive bacteria compared with PC (p<0.05). Regarding the reduction of Gram-negative bacteria, group ANP was significantly better than PP (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference could be found between PP and PUI (p>0.05). In dog's teeth with apical periodontitis, the use of ANP and PUI can be considered promising disinfection protocols as both delivery systems promoted a significant bacterial reduction.

Research paper thumbnail of Anterior open bite: cephalometric evaluation of the dental pattern

Brazilian Dental Journal, 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the dental pattern of patients with anterior open bite m... more The purpose of this study was to compare the dental pattern of patients with anterior open bite malocclusion to that of individuals with normal overbite by utilization of lateral cephalograms, panoramic radiographs and study casts. The findings showed that there was no significant difference in the inclination of the occlusal plane (SN.PlO) and position of the maxillary and mandibular incisors (1-NA, 1-NB) between both groups of individuals; but the angles of inclination of the maxillary and mandibular incisors (1.1, 1.NA and 1.NB) differed statistically between patients with anterior open bite of the individuals that presented normal overbite, which suggests that the anterior open bite may be of dental origin.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular detection of in-vivo microbial contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2012

Introduction: Knowing the microbiota that colonizes orthodontic appliances is important for plann... more Introduction: Knowing the microbiota that colonizes orthodontic appliances is important for planning strategies and implementing specific preventive measures during treatment. The purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate in vivo the contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets with 40 DNA probes for different bacterial species by using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization (CDDH) technique. Methods: Eighteen patients, 11 to 29 years of age having fixed orthodontic treatment, were enrolled in the study. Each subject had 2 new metallic brackets bonded to different premolars in a randomized manner. After 30 days, the brackets were removed and processed for analysis by CDDH. Data on bacterial contamination were analyzed descriptively and with the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post tests (a 5 0.05). Forty microbial species (cariogenic microorganisms, bacteria of the purple, yellow, green, orange complexes, "red complex 1 Treponema socranskii," and the cluster of Actinomyces) were assessed. Results: Most bacterial species were present in all subjects, except for Streptococcus constellatus, Campylobacter rectus, Tannerella forsythia, T socranskii, and Lactobacillus acidophillus (94.4%), Propionibacterium acnes I and Eubacterium nodatum (88.9%), and Treponema denticola (77.8%). Among the cariogenic microorganisms, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were found in larger numbers than L acidophillus and Lactobacillus casei (P \0.001). The periodontal pathogens of the orange complex were detected in larger numbers than those of the "red complex 1 T socranskii" (P \0.0001). Among the bacteria not associated with specific pathologies, Veillonella parvula (purple complex) was the most frequently detected strain (P \0.0001). The numbers of yellow and green complex bacteria and the cluster of Actinomyces were similar (P .0.05). Conclusions: Metallic brackets in use for 1 month were multi-colonized by several bacterial species, including cariogenic microorganisms and periodontal pathogens, reinforcing the need for meticulous oral hygiene and additional preventive measures to maintain oral health in orthodontic patients. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012;141:24-9) c Professor,

Research paper thumbnail of Gram-negative periodontal pathogens and bacterial endotoxin in metallic orthodontic brackets with or without an antimicrobial agent: An in-vivo study

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Circulating Interleukin-6 and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Decrease After Periodontal Therapy in Otherwise Healthy Subjects

Journal of Periodontology, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Are mental health problems and depression associated with bruxism in children?

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Lead exposure and periodontitis in US adults

Research paper thumbnail of Is low birthweight associated with dental caries in permanent dentition

Saraiva MCP, Chiga S, Bettiol H, Silva AA, Barbieri MA. Is low birthweight associated with dental... more Saraiva MCP, Chiga S, Bettiol H, Silva AA, Barbieri MA. Is low birthweight associated with dental caries in permanent dentition? Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2007; 21: 49–56. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of association between low birthweight and dental caries. This study used data from the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, 1988–94 (NHANES III) including 7-to 11-year-old children with complete dental caries information (n = 2439). Two case definitions for dental caries were used: presence of the disease in more than one tooth, and more than 10% of teeth with dental caries. Low birthweight was defined as those children born weighing < 2500 g. Other covariates used in the analysis were sex, age, poverty level, race/ ethnicity, frequency of dental visit, education of head of household, daily sucrose intake, blood lead level and blood cotinine level. A separate analysis was conducted for each case definition of dental caries. Bivariable and stratified analysis was performed followed by multivariable Poisson regression. The Stata 8.0 statistical package was used to take into consideration the multistage complex sample. For the definition of more than one tooth with dental caries, the prevalence ratios (PRs) for bivariable and multivariable analyses were 1.28 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48, 3.42] and 1.01 [95% CI: 0.41, 2.49] respectively. For the definition of > 10% of teeth with dental caries, the PRs for bivariable and multivariable analyses were 1.33 [95% CI: 0.60, 2.96] and 1.32 [95% CI: 0.75, 2.30] respectively. This study could not demonstrate an association between low birthweight and dental caries in permanent teeth of 7-to 11-year-old American children.

Research paper thumbnail of Are mental health problems and depression associated with bruxism in children?

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Desfechos perinatais e alterações na cavidade bucal: coortes brasileiras de Ribeirão Preto e São Luís

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 2015

Studies have shown a possible association of oral diseases during pregnancy with preterm birth (P... more Studies have shown a possible association of oral diseases during pregnancy with preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW). These perinatal outcomes appear to be associated with enamel defects in the primary dentition, which, in turn, seem to predispose to future development of caries in children. Therefore it is relevant to include oral health variables of the mother/child dyad in cohort studies to understand how these factors are associated. The objectives of this study are: 1) check if there is an association between diseases of the oral cavity of pregnant women and PTB, 2) test the hypothesis of association between perinatal outcomes and enamel defects/dental caries in children, 3) examine whether there are associations between perinatal outcomes and disorders of tooth eruption in children; 4) build theoretical models to study social inequities as a common factor between oral conditions and perinatal outcomes. We used an integrated, collaborative approach between two Brazilian cities with contrasting socioeconomic conditions: Sao Luis , MA, and Ribeirão Preto, SP - British Birth Cohort Studies study (BRISA Ribeirão Preto, São Luís). Two cohorts were evaluated: one initiated at birth, representative of the population of live births, and another, initiated prenatally. Participants were reassessed from the beginning of the second year of life. It is expected that these cohorts will contribute to foster the development and consolidation of population-based follow-up studies in Brazil.

Research paper thumbnail of Factors associated with prolonged non-nutritive sucking habits in two cohorts of Brazilian children

BMC Public Health, 2014

Background: Non-nutritive sucking habits (NNSH) are very common during childhood. However, if the... more Background: Non-nutritive sucking habits (NNSH) are very common during childhood. However, if these habits were maintained for 36 months of age or more, they are considered to be prolonged (PNNSH) and can cause occlusal, physiological and esthetic changes. There is controversy about their prevalence and whether perinatal, social, demographic and health characteristics influence their onset and duration. So, the objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of PNNSH and to evaluate perinatal, early life and school age factors associated with their occurrence in children.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of a 0.5% chlorhexidine gel on dental plaque superinfecting microorganisms in mentally handicapped patients

Pesquisa Odontológica Brasileira, 2003

A randomized clinical trial was conducted to investigate the effect of a 0.5% chlorhexidine (CHX)... more A randomized clinical trial was conducted to investigate the effect of a 0.5% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel on dental plaque superinfecting microorganisms in mentally handicapped patients. Thirty inmates from the institution "Casas André Luiz" were assigned to either test group (CHX gel, n = 15) or control group (placebo gel, n = 15). The gel was administered over a period of 8 weeks. Supragingival plaque samples were collected at baseline, after gel use (8 weeks) and 16 weeks after baseline. The presence of Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and yeasts was evaluated. No significant growth of any superinfecting microorganism was observed in the CHX group, when compared to the placebo group. The results indicated that the 0.5% chlorhexidine gel did not produce an undesirable shift in these bacterial populations. DESCRIPTORS: Chlorhexidine; Cerebral palsy; Staphylococcus; Enterobacteriaceae; Yeasts.

Research paper thumbnail of Fluoride increases lead concentrations in whole blood and in calcified tissues from lead-exposed rats

Toxicology, 2010

Higher blood lead (BPb) levels have been reported in children living in communities that receive ... more Higher blood lead (BPb) levels have been reported in children living in communities that receive fluoride-treated water. Here, we examined whether fluoride co-administered with lead increases BPb and lead concentrations in calcified tissues in Wistar rats exposed to this metal from the beginning of gestation. We exposed female rats and their offspring to control water (Control Group), 100 mg/L of fluoride (F Group), 30 mg/L of lead (Pb Group), or 100 mg/L of fluoride and 30 mg/L of lead (F + Pb Group) from 1 week prior to mating until offspring was 81 days old.

Research paper thumbnail of In vivo studies on lead content of deciduous teeth superficial enamel of preschool children

Science of The Total Environment, 2004

The amount of lead in the superficial enamel of deciduous teeth from 4- and 5-year-old children w... more The amount of lead in the superficial enamel of deciduous teeth from 4- and 5-year-old children was determined by means of an enamel biopsy followed by lead analysis by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Children examined in this study (n=329) attended public preschools in the city of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The selection of preschools was based on geographical location: some were located in an industrial area of the city, whereas others were located in an area devoid of industries. The objectives of this study were (1) to test whether enamel biopsies were an appropriate method for lead content population screening in young children; (2) to verify the lead content of superficial enamel of preschool children&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s deciduous teeth and to compare the results obtained from children exposed to different environments; (3) to analyze how biopsy depth correlated with lead content and affected comparisons between groups. An adhesive tape with a central hole (diameter=1.6 mm) was placed on one of the upper central incisors. Five microliters of 1.6 M l(-1) HCl in 70% glycerol (v/v) were applied to this area for 20 s, followed by a rinse with 5-microl ultrapurified water for 10 s. It was shown that the technique was feasible for population studies on young children. The lead concentration in enamel biopsies from the industrial area children (median: 169 ppm Pb) was significantly higher than that from the children living far from industries (118.1 ppm Pb) (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.0001). Analysis of the data showed that biopsies deeper than 3.9 microm gave more reliable results for comparisons between groups. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use an enamel microbiopsy to characterize a large sample of young children in vivo for lead monitoring in teeth.

Research paper thumbnail of Does child labour affect final height?

Occupational Medicine, 2006

Background Although the negative effects of child labour on health are well known, the impact of ... more Background Although the negative effects of child labour on health are well known, the impact of child labour on final height is still controversial.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of the checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridisation technique for in vivo detection of cariogenic microorganisms on metallic brackets, with or without use of an antimicrobial agent

Journal of Dentistry, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Lead contents in the surface enamel of deciduous teeth sampled in vivo from children in uncontaminated and in lead-contaminated areas☆

Environmental Research, 2007

This study aimed to: (1) measure lead contents in the surface enamel of two populations consistin... more This study aimed to: (1) measure lead contents in the surface enamel of two populations consisting of 4-6-year-old children, one from an apparently uncontaminated area (Ribeira˜o Preto, Sa˜o Paulo State, SP, Brazil, n ¼ 247) and the other from an area notoriously contaminated with lead (Bauru, Sa˜o Paulo State, Brazil, n ¼ 26); (2) compare biopsy depths between the two populations; (3) correlate biopsy depth with lead content; (4) stratify samples according to biopsy depth to compare lead contents in samples from similar biopsy depths. A surface enamel acid-etch microbiopsy was performed in vivo on a single upper deciduous incisor for each sample. Lead was measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) while phosphorus was measured colorimetrically to establish biopsy depth. Samples from both populations were classified into categories of similar biopsy depths based on biopsy depth quartiles. Median lead contents were statistically different between the Ribeira˜o Preto population (206 mg/g, range: 5-1399 mg/g) and the Bauru population (786 mg/g, range: 320-4711 mg/g) (po0.001); however, biopsy depth did not differ between the Ribeira˜o Preto (3.9 mm, Standard Deviation, SD ¼ 0.9) and Bauru (3.8 mm, SD ¼ 0.9) populations (p ¼ 0.7940). Pearson's correlation coefficient for biopsy depths versus log 10 lead values was À0.29 for Ribeira˜o Preto and À0.18 for Bauru. Lead contents were statistically different between the two populations for all quartiles of biopsy depth. These findings suggest that lead accumulated in the surface enamel of deciduous teeth is linked to the environment in which people reside, indicating that this tissue should be further explored as an accessible biomarker of lead exposure. r

Research paper thumbnail of Are intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth associated with dental caries?

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Microbiological Evaluation of Different Irrigation Protocols on Root Canal Disinfection in Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: An In Vivo Study

Brazilian Dental Journal, 2013

The present in vivo study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of apical negative pressure irrig... more The present in vivo study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of apical negative pressure irrigation (ANP), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and positive pressure irrigation (PP) in the reduction of intracanal bacteria of dogs' teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis. Eighty root canals were randomly distributed into 3 experimental and 2 control groups according to the irrigation delivery system: group ANP (n=20), group PUI (n=20), group PP (n=20), group PC (positive control -sterile saline irrigation; n=10) and group NC (negative control -vital pulps not subjected to bacterial inoculation; n=10). The first sample (S1) was collected at baseline, and the second sample (S2) was collected after the disinfection protocols. All samples were seeded in culture media for anaerobic bacteria. CFU counts were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis, Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post-hoc and Chi-square followed by Tukey like multiple comparisons for proportions (α=0.05). All experimental groups were effective in reducing Gram-positive bacteria compared with PC (p<0.05). Regarding the reduction of Gram-negative bacteria, group ANP was significantly better than PP (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference could be found between PP and PUI (p>0.05). In dog's teeth with apical periodontitis, the use of ANP and PUI can be considered promising disinfection protocols as both delivery systems promoted a significant bacterial reduction.

Research paper thumbnail of Anterior open bite: cephalometric evaluation of the dental pattern

Brazilian Dental Journal, 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the dental pattern of patients with anterior open bite m... more The purpose of this study was to compare the dental pattern of patients with anterior open bite malocclusion to that of individuals with normal overbite by utilization of lateral cephalograms, panoramic radiographs and study casts. The findings showed that there was no significant difference in the inclination of the occlusal plane (SN.PlO) and position of the maxillary and mandibular incisors (1-NA, 1-NB) between both groups of individuals; but the angles of inclination of the maxillary and mandibular incisors (1.1, 1.NA and 1.NB) differed statistically between patients with anterior open bite of the individuals that presented normal overbite, which suggests that the anterior open bite may be of dental origin.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular detection of in-vivo microbial contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2012

Introduction: Knowing the microbiota that colonizes orthodontic appliances is important for plann... more Introduction: Knowing the microbiota that colonizes orthodontic appliances is important for planning strategies and implementing specific preventive measures during treatment. The purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate in vivo the contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets with 40 DNA probes for different bacterial species by using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization (CDDH) technique. Methods: Eighteen patients, 11 to 29 years of age having fixed orthodontic treatment, were enrolled in the study. Each subject had 2 new metallic brackets bonded to different premolars in a randomized manner. After 30 days, the brackets were removed and processed for analysis by CDDH. Data on bacterial contamination were analyzed descriptively and with the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post tests (a 5 0.05). Forty microbial species (cariogenic microorganisms, bacteria of the purple, yellow, green, orange complexes, "red complex 1 Treponema socranskii," and the cluster of Actinomyces) were assessed. Results: Most bacterial species were present in all subjects, except for Streptococcus constellatus, Campylobacter rectus, Tannerella forsythia, T socranskii, and Lactobacillus acidophillus (94.4%), Propionibacterium acnes I and Eubacterium nodatum (88.9%), and Treponema denticola (77.8%). Among the cariogenic microorganisms, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were found in larger numbers than L acidophillus and Lactobacillus casei (P \0.001). The periodontal pathogens of the orange complex were detected in larger numbers than those of the "red complex 1 T socranskii" (P \0.0001). Among the bacteria not associated with specific pathologies, Veillonella parvula (purple complex) was the most frequently detected strain (P \0.0001). The numbers of yellow and green complex bacteria and the cluster of Actinomyces were similar (P .0.05). Conclusions: Metallic brackets in use for 1 month were multi-colonized by several bacterial species, including cariogenic microorganisms and periodontal pathogens, reinforcing the need for meticulous oral hygiene and additional preventive measures to maintain oral health in orthodontic patients. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012;141:24-9) c Professor,

Research paper thumbnail of Gram-negative periodontal pathogens and bacterial endotoxin in metallic orthodontic brackets with or without an antimicrobial agent: An in-vivo study

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Circulating Interleukin-6 and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Decrease After Periodontal Therapy in Otherwise Healthy Subjects

Journal of Periodontology, 2009