malila prado | University of Sao Paulo (original) (raw)

Papers by malila prado

Thinking skills and creativity, Mar 1, 2024

Applied Linguistics Papers

In order to ensure safety, international aviation radio communication is conducted in a restricte... more In order to ensure safety, international aviation radio communication is conducted in a restricted language, based on English but with significant constraints and specific characteristics. Deviations from standard phraseology are tolerated to a certain extent and are to be expected in non-routine situations where no exact phraseology has been defined. Some relational language is also accepted as helping smooth interactions. But any additional word increases the length of the speech signal and may make it more difficult for the recipient to identify the important words that need to be attended to, so the use of relational language can also have a detrimental effect. Clarity and lack of ambiguity are particularly necessary when the interlocutors do not share the same language background. This paper analyses the communications during an incident at Narita (Japan) where a native English-speaking pilot used unnecessary words that are not part of the expected phraseology to communicate an emergency, making it difficult for the Japanese ATC to extract the crucial words 'vector back to Narita' from the pilot's transmission. Supported by a close linguistic study of the complete interaction in this incident and by interviews with aviation experts, the analysis employs the Community of Practice framework to investigate the series of misunderstandings. It shows how non-standard phraseology and unnecessary verbosity can be detrimental to successful aviation communication, even if the additional words are intended to build rapport and help the interaction.

Trabalhos em Lingüística Aplicada, 2024

Bookerfield Editora, Oct 21, 2022

This work is of digital nature (e-book). Printed versions are not allowed. Bookerfield is not res... more This work is of digital nature (e-book). Printed versions are not allowed. Bookerfield is not responsible for the production and distribution of physical copies of the content present in the book. All of the manuscripts included in this work went through rigorous evaluation by the editors, based on impartial and scientific criteria, and were approved after meeting the technical criteria established by the Editorial Board. The content of this book and its individual chapters is of exclusive responsibility of their respective authors, with Bookerfield being exempted of any eventual irregularities. Situations as plagiarism, ethical/scientific misconduct or fraudulent data/ results are the responsibility of the auhor. Bookerfield commits to investigate such situations rigorously and to take applicable actions. Downloading, sharing and referencing are permitted through credit attribution to the authors and Bookerfield. The commercialization of this work is expressly forbidden.

Journal of Teaching English for Specific and Academic Purposes

This paper describes collaborative work by two higher education institutions in Brazil and China ... more This paper describes collaborative work by two higher education institutions in Brazil and China that joined forces to build a corpus with a view to investigating the language of aircraft maintenance documentation for teaching and lexicography purposes. The corpus consists of three languages, including English, with Chinese and Portuguese still under construction. The paper opens with an overview of language-related studies in the aircraft maintenance field, drawing attention to this specific niche and its demands. It discusses trials already performed with the English and Chinese sub-corpora, challenges faced, and the importance of task-sharing in multidisciplinary teams. It emphasizes the need to combine linguistics and professional expertise not only to develop materials for the aviation industry but also to assist the development of trainees who can experience a professional setting during their education. The corpus will be used in (among others) preparing pedagogical material ...

Applied Corpus Linguistics

L2 Pragmatics in Action: Teachers, learners and the teaching-learning interaction process, 2023

To support multilingual speakers in drawing on their hybrid resources effectively, language teach... more To support multilingual speakers in drawing on their hybrid resources effectively, language teachers must embrace their own translingual practices and become critically aware of their multiple identities (Zheng, 2017). Teachers of second language (L2) pragmatics can do this by enhancing their metapragmatic awareness (McConachy, 2018). In this chapter, we uncover how two language teachers and a teacher educator collaboratively construct this metapragmatic awareness and its application to pedagogy in and beyond a teacher development Summer Institute focused on L2 pragmatics offered remotely through a United States (U.S.) state university. Through narrative inquiry into the dialogic data collected following the Institute, we closely reflected on the Institute discussions to rediscover the translingual identities that permeated the pragmatic and pedagogical decisions the two teachers made in their translingual lives. As implications of this study, we explore ways in which language teachers can strategically deploy translingual identities as pedagogy. (Contact "ishi0029 at gmail.com" for this paper for personal use.)

John Benjamins Publishing Company eBooks, Apr 15, 2023

A OACI (Organização de Aviação Civil Internacional), órgão que estabelece regulamentações na avia... more A OACI (Organização de Aviação Civil Internacional), órgão que estabelece regulamentações na aviação civil em nível mundial, define o inglês para aviação como uma junção entre a Fraseologia Aeronáutica sublinguagem empregada por pilotos e controladores de tráfego aéreo em comunicações radiotelefônicas em situações rotineiras e o inglês comum (plain English), utilizado quando a Fraseologia Aeronáutica não se mostra suficiente. Após averiguar que acidentes aéreos foram agravados por falhas de comunicação, a OACI passou a exigir dos profissionais supracitados uma licença para operações internacionais. Para tal licenciamento, é requerida uma avaliação de proficiência linguística, prescrita no Manual de Implementação de Proficiência Linguística, ou DOC 9835, publicado pela OACI em 2004. A partir de então, o inglês aeronáutico teve seu grau de importância elevado e começou a ser avaliado em países ao redor do mundo, por governos e/ou por instituições internacionais, e, nos últimos anos, f...

The Modern Language Journal, 2021

This study explores the pragmatics of Aviation English (AE) as a lingua franca in radiotelephony ... more This study explores the pragmatics of Aviation English (AE) as a lingua franca in radiotelephony (R/T) communications primarily between aviators and air traffic controllers worldwide. AE is a cross-linguistic register used by aviation professionals who do not necessarily share their first languages and cultures. Accordingly, mutual intelligibility is the ultimate goal, as in English as a lingua franca (ELF) featuring message-oriented accommodation. Simultaneously, AE is a highly restricted and relatively stable register, as its use is mandated to maximize accuracy, conciseness, and clarity of communication—factors all contributing to air safety. While instruction and testing in AE have been investigated in applied linguistics, its pragmatics-focused aspects are underexplored. In this qualitative corpus-informed study, we first relied on a small corpus of R/T communications in non-routine situations to identify three cases of communication difficulty and then, investigate in depth the discursive construction of meaning, especially in terms of the pragmatic strategies the interactants used on the radio. Drawing exclusively on ELF-speaker exchanges from the corpus, we illustrate the process of the negotiation of meaning within the constraints of the given aviation contexts. The findings of this study reveal similarities and differences between AE in R/T communications and general ELF discourses described in the literature. We conclude by offering pedagogical implications for enhanced aeronautical training addressing pragmatic and interactional competence.

2021 13th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers, 2021

Aviation in Focus Journal of Aeronautical Sciences, 2010

Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, 2012

ESP courses are generally developed based upon the students´ needs. Those needs are raised throug... more ESP courses are generally developed based upon the students´ needs. Those needs are raised through surveys applied to learners or through analysis, carried out by the teacher or materials designer, of the use of language (academic, occupational or vocational) which learners need to develop. In this article, we present the development process of a syllabus for a course of English aimed at reading aircraft maintenance manuals, in which Corpus Linguistics was used to define the lexico-semantic-gramatical aspects to be covered during the course.

Dez anos apos o desenvolvimento e a implementacao do SDEA, exame de ingles para pilotos civis, e ... more Dez anos apos o desenvolvimento e a implementacao do SDEA, exame de ingles para pilotos civis, e importante buscar um panorama do efeito retroativo dessa especialidade de lingua. As consequencias de uma prova podem ser positivas, se afetarem as atitudes do professor na sala de aula, ou negativas, se culminarem no estreitamento do conteudo a meros ensaios da prova (BAILEY, 1996). Neste artigo, propomos avaliar um recorte do mercado de ingles para aviacao no Brasil em materiais disponibilizados em sitios eletronicos para o publico a que se destina: pilotos civis. Para esta investigacao, partimos de uma lista ofertada no sitio da ANAC com 23 instituicoes que ministram cursos de ingles para aviacao. Apos analisarmos os materiais divulgados pelas instituicoes, verificamos enfoque excessivo nos itens do SDEA em detrimento da Escala de Proficiencia Linguistica da OACI. Concluimos este artigo com sugestoes de reflexao para a melhoria do ensino no mercado brasileiro.

Revista de Estudos da Linguagem, 2021

Abstract: The ICAO Language Proficiency Rating Scale offers parameters for aeronautical English t... more Abstract: The ICAO Language Proficiency Rating Scale offers parameters for aeronautical English teaching and assessment focused on oral skills. It assists governments worldwide in assessing pilots and air traffic controllers’ English proficiency, licensing them for international operations. This paper addresses two of the six linguistic areas listed in the Rating Scale, namely fluency and interaction, to understand what conversational elements are present in pilot-controller communications with a view to informing pedagogical material. The analysis is based on a corpus of pilot-controller radio communications in abnormal situations, revealing a more spontaneous code as opposed to the documented Standard Phraseology mandated for routine situations. Corpus Linguistics is the methodology chosen for this investigation, concentrated on the top frequent three-word clusters extracted from the corpus. Investigation of these clusters reveals that fluency and interaction are interconnected an...

O objetivo deste artigo e apresentar um estudo, baseado na Analise do Discurso da escola francesa... more O objetivo deste artigo e apresentar um estudo, baseado na Analise do Discurso da escola francesa, sobre a imagem que o aprendiz do ingles para aviacao, especificamente o piloto, tem sobre a lingua inglesa e o seu ensino, para que, ao identificarmos as formacoes imaginarias (Pecheux, 1962) que permeiam suas representacoes, detectemos maneiras de (re)construir o ensino-aprendizagem do sujeito-aprendiz em questao. Consideramos, tambem, a argumentacao apresentada por Prasse (1997) sobre o desejo da lingua estrangeira, e discutiremos as diferencas entre lingua materna e estrangeira e falantes nativos e nao nativos.

This article aims to present the discussions of both preparation and delivery processes of a work... more This article aims to present the discussions of both preparation and delivery processes of a workshop targeted at aviation English professionals. Pursuing a corpus-based pragmatic investigation of the language used in real radio communications by pilots and air traffic controllers when dealing with abnormal situations, it was proposed that participants discussed issues about the importance of the interlocutors' roles in the language production, the recognition of linguistic features related to fluency and interaction, and the revision of the concepts of native x non-native speakers regarding language proficiency. To such an end, five transcripts evolving from native and non-native interactions to non-native speakers’ communication, all succeeding in getting the message across, were debated through specific questions which conducted the discussions. These questions addressed topics related to the use of modalizers (or hedges), plain English, shared knowledge and peer proficiency....

Tradterm

Inglês aeronáutico é o termo empregado para se referir às comunicações que ocorrem entre pilotos ... more Inglês aeronáutico é o termo empregado para se referir às comunicações que ocorrem entre pilotos e controladores de tráfego aéreo durante os voos em espaço aéreo internacional. Neste artigo, apresentaremos dados de quatro corpora de inglês aeronáutico: dois de comunicações aeronáuticas reais e dois de atividades didáticas envolvendo aprendizes brasileiros, sendo um de pilotos e o outro de controladores. Será discutida a metodologia empregada para a compilação de cada um deles e realizada uma análise contrastiva de termos oriundos dos quatro corpora. Os resultados poderão ser aplicados tanto para informar o desenvolvimento de currículos quanto na elaboração de atividades didáticas voltadas a esses aprendizes, a fim de que desempenhem suas atividades com segurança.