nelson papavero | University of Sao Paulo (original) (raw)
Papers by nelson papavero
A wealth of names has been applied to the South American species of Tapirus: acuraua, Certain Nor... more A wealth of names has been applied to the South American species of Tapirus: acuraua, Certain North African antelopes were called oryx by Greek and Roman authors. Arab authors knew them as Lamt (or lamta, elamt, lant, dant) and used their hide to make shields (daraqqa-lamṭiyya). With the Arab invasion of the Iberian Peninsula, daraqqa-lamṭiyya was transformed into adarga-danta and under this form was cited by numerous Spanish and Portuguese authors. Consequently, the African Oryx was called anta by Gomes Eanes de Zurara (1453) and danta by an anonymous autor (MS Valentim Fernandes, 1507) and Duarte Lopes (in Pigafetta & Lopes, 1589). Antonio Pigafetta (in Anôn., ca. 1526) referred under the name anta the strange animal that the Tupi Indians of Brazil called tapir. Both tapir and anta (with many variations and with the addition of several qualifications) were used by subsequent authors. Finally, in Brazil, the improper usage of anta to denote the species of Tapirus supplanted that of tapir. A further confusion was added when a few authors confounded the South American antas with the Old World elk and called the first grã-bestas (with variations).
For many years, it was believed that the first two notices about New World lantern-flies (Fulgor... more For many years, it was believed that the first two notices about New World lantern-flies (Fulgoridae), with descriptions and illustrations of the insects, as well as mentions of their luminescence, were due to Nehemiah Grey (1681) and Maria Sibylla Merian (1705). However, there are illustrations of lantern-flies prior to Grew's paper, and the first of them, by Jacques de Heyn (1620), also refers to the bioluminescence of those insects. The second is a watercolour by Pieter Holstejn (1614-1673), a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver. Several illustrations of lantern-flies were lately produced during the 17 th and 18 th centuries, for example by Alexander Marshal (ca. 1620-1682), an English entomologist, gardener, and botanical artist, by Iob Leutholf (1694), and also by an anonymous artist (first half of the 18 th century).
. However, there are illustrations of lantern-flies prior to Grew's paper, and the first of them,... more . However, there are illustrations of lantern-flies prior to Grew's paper, and the first of them, by Jacques de Heyn (1620), also refers to the bioluminescence of those insects. The second is a watercolour by Pieter Holstejn , a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver. Several illustrations of lantern-flies were lately produced during the 17 th and 18 th centuries, for example by Alexander Marshal (ca. 1620-1682), an English entomologist, gardener, and botanical artist, by Iob Leutholf (1694, and also by an anonymous artist (first half of the 18 th century).
Pero Lopes de Souza, in 1531, was the first to give to the Panthera onca of Brazil the name onça,... more Pero Lopes de Souza, in 1531, was the first to give to the Panthera onca of Brazil the name onça, a designation until then conferred to the Old World leopard (Panthera pardus (Lin-naeus, 1758)), a very similar species. Since that time, lusophone and foreign authors coined 92 basic names for Panthera onca. Taking into consideration the variations, wrong transcriptions and alterations of those names, as will be seen in the text, 352 names have been applied to that animal, viz. Volume 48(2):37-93, 2017
Of special interest is the existence of 92 popular names of birds constituting the oldest known c... more Of special interest is the existence of 92 popular names of birds constituting the oldest known citations (termini a quo), some of which could not be identified or only identified down to suprageneric categories.
Chapter I — The Systcma Naturae 1 Carolus Linnaeus — The Treaty of Madrid and P. Loefling — Dahlb... more Chapter I — The Systcma Naturae 1
Carolus Linnaeus — The Treaty of Madrid and P. Loefling —
Dahlberg and Rolander ^ Carolus Linnaeus Jr.
Chapter II — The period of Fabricius 15
The Cruise of the "Endeavour" — L. C. M. Richard — Palisot
de Bcauvois — L. A. G. Bosc — ]. P. B. von Rohr — "Smidt" —
Pflug and Yeats
Chapter III ^— The life and works of J. C. Fabricius 25
Chapter IV ^ Travels of Humboldt and Bonpland 33
Humboldt and Bonpland — The travel through Venezuela — The
trips to Cuba, Nueva Granada, and Ecuador — The trip through Mexico
— Humboldt and Bonpland after the travels — Pierre Andre
Latreille
Chapter V — Collectors in Brazil (1801-1835) 47
Hoffmansegg's collectors: Sieber, Gomes. Feijc — The Russian
expeditions — Sellow and Freyreiss — The Austrian expeditions —
Sellow's journeys in the interior of Brazil — J. Nattcrer — Kamerlachcr
— Besckc — Lund and Clausscn
Chapter VI — Collectors in Mexico and the West Indies 103
Forsstrom — Ferdinand Dcppe's travels in Mexico — Hornbeck
Chapter VII — Thunberg. Erichson. Perty and Wiedemann 109
Chapter VIII — The French collectors 115
Saint Hilaire — Gaudichaud-Bcauprc — A. Plec — The voyage
of 'La Coquille' — Leschenault and Doumerc — The voyage of 'La
Thetis' and 'L'Esperance' — Lacordaire and Banon — A. D. d'Orbigny
— Vauthicr — Sylveira — The voyage of 'La Favorite' — F. R. M.
Leprieur — Claude Gay — Francis de Castclnau — A. Pissis P.
Germain — M. de Mathan — P. E. Gounelle ^ M. A. Rojas —
Other collectors
Chapter IX — Entomological collectors in Mexico and Cuba 175
The exploration of Mexico — The exploration of Cuba: Sagra
and Poey, Gundlach
Chapter X — The French dipterists 187
Guerin-Meneville — Olivier — Robineau-Desvoidy — Macquart
~ Blanchard — Coquerel — Laboulbenc — Bigot
In the introduction brief considerations are made about the first Mexican codex mentioning the co... more In the introduction brief considerations are made about the first Mexican codex mentioning the cochineals, as nochetztli (Hemiptera, Homoptera, Dactylopiidae), the paper by Alzate y Ramírez (1794) dealing with its cultivation, collection and preparation and the report about the contraband of specimens undertook by Thiéry de Menonville (1787),
with some data about the value of exportations made from Oaxaca and the Canaries between 1758 and 1847. A classification of the genus Dactylopius is then presented, with the geographical distribution of its species. The fi rst papers to cite the name cochinilla in Spanish, French and Portuguese are listed. Follows a discussion about the etymological
hypotheses of the name cochinilla, the most probable one being that of Littré (1863), who advocates the transference to the representatives of Dactylopius of the expression “cochinilla de humedad”, a name conferred to isopod crustaceans, fundamented upon the similarity in body shape between those two arthropods. Finally, the several tentative of cultivation and expoitation of cochineal in various parts of Brazil, undertook during the 18th cenrury and the fi rst half of the 19th century are considered.
A estada em Pernambuco, em 1666, de François de Lopis, marquês de Mondevergue, segundo o relato d... more A estada em Pernambuco, em 1666, de François de Lopis, marquês de Mondevergue, segundo o relato de Souchu de Rennefort Habitantes, costumes, escravidão, tapuias, comércio, animais e frutos, e a conjuração contra Jerônimo de Mendonça Furtado
Since the Antiquity, parrots, parakeets and their relatives (Psittacidae) aroused a great interes... more Since the Antiquity, parrots, parakeets and their relatives (Psittacidae) aroused a great interest in Europe, both for their colours as for their notorious capacity of interacting with human beings. With the discovery of the Americas, new species would be introduced in the traffic of exotic animals a long time ago established by Europeans with Africa and the East. Effectively, even before Columbus finished his fourth and last voyage (1502‑1504), neotropical parrots had already made their appearance in chronicles, in the cartography and the fine arts. Although the oldest notices about blue macaws of the genus Anodorhynchus date from the end of the 16th century, and the first image from the beginning of the 17th century, those birds would be better known by Europeans
only in the second half of the 18th century. In a general way, the sources examined herein proved to be especially significant for Anodorhynchus glaucus, as all the first hand information about the biology and the behavior of this macaw are registered in testimonies prior the 20th century. It is not impossible to suppose, therefore, that further details about this species and a better understanding of its mysterious disappearance could be obtained from the perusal of the vast documentary collection about the Rio de la Plata basin left by Jesuits, as well as from a more accurate reading of the reports by travelers and naturalists which, such as Friedrich Sellow and Auguste de Saint-Hilaire, journeyed through Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil.
The name “brazil”, in Portuguese language sources, as applied to the species of Caesalpinia (Faba... more The name “brazil”, in Portuguese language sources, as applied to the species of Caesalpinia (Fabaceae) from the Old and the New Worlds or to the dyeing substance proper produced by them, is polysemic. It may refer to four different things (whose termini a quo are the folowing): (a) Caesalpinia bonduc – 1462, Afonso V de Portugal; (b) Cesalpinia sappan – 1499, Alvaro Velho and D. Manuel I de Portugal; (c) Caesalpinia echinata – 1502, Cantino’s Planisphere; (d) the dyeing substance proper – 1618, Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão. The termini a quo and further references to the synonyms or variants of those items are also included. The period covered is from the 15th to 17th centuries.
The name “brazil”, in Portuguese language sources, as applied to the species of Caesalpinia (Faba... more The name “brazil”, in Portuguese language sources, as applied to the species of Caesalpinia (Fabaceae) from the Old and the New Worlds or to the dyeing substance proper produced by them, is polysemic. It may refer to four different things (whose termini a quo are the folowing): (a) Caesalpinia bonduc – 1462, Afonso V de Portugal; (b) Cesalpinia sappan – 1499, Alvaro Velho and D. Manuel I de Portugal; (c) Caesalpinia echinata – 1502, Cantino’s Planisphere; (d) the dyeing substance proper – 1618, Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão. The termini a quo and further references to the synonyms or variants of those items are also included. The period covered is from the 15th to 17th centuries.
Sir Robert Dudley (August 7, 1574 – September 6, 1649) was an illegitimate son of Robert Dudley, ... more Sir Robert Dudley (August 7, 1574 – September 6, 1649) was an illegitimate son of Robert Dudley, First Count of Leicester. In 1594 he undertook an expedition to Trinidad and Puerto
Rico, to capture Spanish ships, publishing a report about it, where he presented an Arawak vocabulary with 69 words or short sentences. Abandoning England definitely in 1605, he
entered into the service of Ferdinando I (Medici), the Great-Duke of Tuscany (and afterwards also into the service of Ferdinando II). He worked as an engineer and cartographer. In 1608 he convinced Ferdinand I to send the pirate ship Santa Lucia Buonaventura to Guyana and northern Brazil. As head of that expedition he indicated William Davies, Barber-Surgeon of
London, who would later (1614) publish his memoirs, including his experiences at the mouth of the Amazon River (here transcribed and translated) – the first report on the Amazons
known in the 17th century. Dudley’s most important work, however, was Dell’Arcano del Mare (On the secret of the sea) (1646-1648, in four volumes). This impressive and detailed treatise about astronomy, navigation, naval construction and cartography included 130 maps, all newly made by him and not copied from other sources, as was usual at that time, summing up all the nautical knowledge of the age. The maps of the Brazilian coast (herein reproduced) are remarkably detailed, showing the names of numerous Indian tribes. Twelve years after his death the second edition of his magum opus was published (Dudley, 1661), now with two volumes. A considerable rearrangement of the text was made, with the
inclusion of many additions, apparently obtained from manuscripts left by the author. In this edition, in the second volume, a small vocabulary in the Tupinambá language may be found, with 136 words or short sentences, extracted, without any apparent criterion, from Jean de Léry’s works (1578, 1594) – the vocabulary is here facsimilarly presented, transcribed,
corrected and translated.
Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 2008
Neotropical Diptera, Feb 4, 2013
A wealth of names has been applied to the South American species of Tapirus: acuraua, Certain Nor... more A wealth of names has been applied to the South American species of Tapirus: acuraua, Certain North African antelopes were called oryx by Greek and Roman authors. Arab authors knew them as Lamt (or lamta, elamt, lant, dant) and used their hide to make shields (daraqqa-lamṭiyya). With the Arab invasion of the Iberian Peninsula, daraqqa-lamṭiyya was transformed into adarga-danta and under this form was cited by numerous Spanish and Portuguese authors. Consequently, the African Oryx was called anta by Gomes Eanes de Zurara (1453) and danta by an anonymous autor (MS Valentim Fernandes, 1507) and Duarte Lopes (in Pigafetta & Lopes, 1589). Antonio Pigafetta (in Anôn., ca. 1526) referred under the name anta the strange animal that the Tupi Indians of Brazil called tapir. Both tapir and anta (with many variations and with the addition of several qualifications) were used by subsequent authors. Finally, in Brazil, the improper usage of anta to denote the species of Tapirus supplanted that of tapir. A further confusion was added when a few authors confounded the South American antas with the Old World elk and called the first grã-bestas (with variations).
For many years, it was believed that the first two notices about New World lantern-flies (Fulgor... more For many years, it was believed that the first two notices about New World lantern-flies (Fulgoridae), with descriptions and illustrations of the insects, as well as mentions of their luminescence, were due to Nehemiah Grey (1681) and Maria Sibylla Merian (1705). However, there are illustrations of lantern-flies prior to Grew's paper, and the first of them, by Jacques de Heyn (1620), also refers to the bioluminescence of those insects. The second is a watercolour by Pieter Holstejn (1614-1673), a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver. Several illustrations of lantern-flies were lately produced during the 17 th and 18 th centuries, for example by Alexander Marshal (ca. 1620-1682), an English entomologist, gardener, and botanical artist, by Iob Leutholf (1694), and also by an anonymous artist (first half of the 18 th century).
. However, there are illustrations of lantern-flies prior to Grew's paper, and the first of them,... more . However, there are illustrations of lantern-flies prior to Grew's paper, and the first of them, by Jacques de Heyn (1620), also refers to the bioluminescence of those insects. The second is a watercolour by Pieter Holstejn , a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver. Several illustrations of lantern-flies were lately produced during the 17 th and 18 th centuries, for example by Alexander Marshal (ca. 1620-1682), an English entomologist, gardener, and botanical artist, by Iob Leutholf (1694, and also by an anonymous artist (first half of the 18 th century).
Pero Lopes de Souza, in 1531, was the first to give to the Panthera onca of Brazil the name onça,... more Pero Lopes de Souza, in 1531, was the first to give to the Panthera onca of Brazil the name onça, a designation until then conferred to the Old World leopard (Panthera pardus (Lin-naeus, 1758)), a very similar species. Since that time, lusophone and foreign authors coined 92 basic names for Panthera onca. Taking into consideration the variations, wrong transcriptions and alterations of those names, as will be seen in the text, 352 names have been applied to that animal, viz. Volume 48(2):37-93, 2017
Of special interest is the existence of 92 popular names of birds constituting the oldest known c... more Of special interest is the existence of 92 popular names of birds constituting the oldest known citations (termini a quo), some of which could not be identified or only identified down to suprageneric categories.
Chapter I — The Systcma Naturae 1 Carolus Linnaeus — The Treaty of Madrid and P. Loefling — Dahlb... more Chapter I — The Systcma Naturae 1
Carolus Linnaeus — The Treaty of Madrid and P. Loefling —
Dahlberg and Rolander ^ Carolus Linnaeus Jr.
Chapter II — The period of Fabricius 15
The Cruise of the "Endeavour" — L. C. M. Richard — Palisot
de Bcauvois — L. A. G. Bosc — ]. P. B. von Rohr — "Smidt" —
Pflug and Yeats
Chapter III ^— The life and works of J. C. Fabricius 25
Chapter IV ^ Travels of Humboldt and Bonpland 33
Humboldt and Bonpland — The travel through Venezuela — The
trips to Cuba, Nueva Granada, and Ecuador — The trip through Mexico
— Humboldt and Bonpland after the travels — Pierre Andre
Latreille
Chapter V — Collectors in Brazil (1801-1835) 47
Hoffmansegg's collectors: Sieber, Gomes. Feijc — The Russian
expeditions — Sellow and Freyreiss — The Austrian expeditions —
Sellow's journeys in the interior of Brazil — J. Nattcrer — Kamerlachcr
— Besckc — Lund and Clausscn
Chapter VI — Collectors in Mexico and the West Indies 103
Forsstrom — Ferdinand Dcppe's travels in Mexico — Hornbeck
Chapter VII — Thunberg. Erichson. Perty and Wiedemann 109
Chapter VIII — The French collectors 115
Saint Hilaire — Gaudichaud-Bcauprc — A. Plec — The voyage
of 'La Coquille' — Leschenault and Doumerc — The voyage of 'La
Thetis' and 'L'Esperance' — Lacordaire and Banon — A. D. d'Orbigny
— Vauthicr — Sylveira — The voyage of 'La Favorite' — F. R. M.
Leprieur — Claude Gay — Francis de Castclnau — A. Pissis P.
Germain — M. de Mathan — P. E. Gounelle ^ M. A. Rojas —
Other collectors
Chapter IX — Entomological collectors in Mexico and Cuba 175
The exploration of Mexico — The exploration of Cuba: Sagra
and Poey, Gundlach
Chapter X — The French dipterists 187
Guerin-Meneville — Olivier — Robineau-Desvoidy — Macquart
~ Blanchard — Coquerel — Laboulbenc — Bigot
In the introduction brief considerations are made about the first Mexican codex mentioning the co... more In the introduction brief considerations are made about the first Mexican codex mentioning the cochineals, as nochetztli (Hemiptera, Homoptera, Dactylopiidae), the paper by Alzate y Ramírez (1794) dealing with its cultivation, collection and preparation and the report about the contraband of specimens undertook by Thiéry de Menonville (1787),
with some data about the value of exportations made from Oaxaca and the Canaries between 1758 and 1847. A classification of the genus Dactylopius is then presented, with the geographical distribution of its species. The fi rst papers to cite the name cochinilla in Spanish, French and Portuguese are listed. Follows a discussion about the etymological
hypotheses of the name cochinilla, the most probable one being that of Littré (1863), who advocates the transference to the representatives of Dactylopius of the expression “cochinilla de humedad”, a name conferred to isopod crustaceans, fundamented upon the similarity in body shape between those two arthropods. Finally, the several tentative of cultivation and expoitation of cochineal in various parts of Brazil, undertook during the 18th cenrury and the fi rst half of the 19th century are considered.
A estada em Pernambuco, em 1666, de François de Lopis, marquês de Mondevergue, segundo o relato d... more A estada em Pernambuco, em 1666, de François de Lopis, marquês de Mondevergue, segundo o relato de Souchu de Rennefort Habitantes, costumes, escravidão, tapuias, comércio, animais e frutos, e a conjuração contra Jerônimo de Mendonça Furtado
Since the Antiquity, parrots, parakeets and their relatives (Psittacidae) aroused a great interes... more Since the Antiquity, parrots, parakeets and their relatives (Psittacidae) aroused a great interest in Europe, both for their colours as for their notorious capacity of interacting with human beings. With the discovery of the Americas, new species would be introduced in the traffic of exotic animals a long time ago established by Europeans with Africa and the East. Effectively, even before Columbus finished his fourth and last voyage (1502‑1504), neotropical parrots had already made their appearance in chronicles, in the cartography and the fine arts. Although the oldest notices about blue macaws of the genus Anodorhynchus date from the end of the 16th century, and the first image from the beginning of the 17th century, those birds would be better known by Europeans
only in the second half of the 18th century. In a general way, the sources examined herein proved to be especially significant for Anodorhynchus glaucus, as all the first hand information about the biology and the behavior of this macaw are registered in testimonies prior the 20th century. It is not impossible to suppose, therefore, that further details about this species and a better understanding of its mysterious disappearance could be obtained from the perusal of the vast documentary collection about the Rio de la Plata basin left by Jesuits, as well as from a more accurate reading of the reports by travelers and naturalists which, such as Friedrich Sellow and Auguste de Saint-Hilaire, journeyed through Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil.
The name “brazil”, in Portuguese language sources, as applied to the species of Caesalpinia (Faba... more The name “brazil”, in Portuguese language sources, as applied to the species of Caesalpinia (Fabaceae) from the Old and the New Worlds or to the dyeing substance proper produced by them, is polysemic. It may refer to four different things (whose termini a quo are the folowing): (a) Caesalpinia bonduc – 1462, Afonso V de Portugal; (b) Cesalpinia sappan – 1499, Alvaro Velho and D. Manuel I de Portugal; (c) Caesalpinia echinata – 1502, Cantino’s Planisphere; (d) the dyeing substance proper – 1618, Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão. The termini a quo and further references to the synonyms or variants of those items are also included. The period covered is from the 15th to 17th centuries.
The name “brazil”, in Portuguese language sources, as applied to the species of Caesalpinia (Faba... more The name “brazil”, in Portuguese language sources, as applied to the species of Caesalpinia (Fabaceae) from the Old and the New Worlds or to the dyeing substance proper produced by them, is polysemic. It may refer to four different things (whose termini a quo are the folowing): (a) Caesalpinia bonduc – 1462, Afonso V de Portugal; (b) Cesalpinia sappan – 1499, Alvaro Velho and D. Manuel I de Portugal; (c) Caesalpinia echinata – 1502, Cantino’s Planisphere; (d) the dyeing substance proper – 1618, Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão. The termini a quo and further references to the synonyms or variants of those items are also included. The period covered is from the 15th to 17th centuries.
Sir Robert Dudley (August 7, 1574 – September 6, 1649) was an illegitimate son of Robert Dudley, ... more Sir Robert Dudley (August 7, 1574 – September 6, 1649) was an illegitimate son of Robert Dudley, First Count of Leicester. In 1594 he undertook an expedition to Trinidad and Puerto
Rico, to capture Spanish ships, publishing a report about it, where he presented an Arawak vocabulary with 69 words or short sentences. Abandoning England definitely in 1605, he
entered into the service of Ferdinando I (Medici), the Great-Duke of Tuscany (and afterwards also into the service of Ferdinando II). He worked as an engineer and cartographer. In 1608 he convinced Ferdinand I to send the pirate ship Santa Lucia Buonaventura to Guyana and northern Brazil. As head of that expedition he indicated William Davies, Barber-Surgeon of
London, who would later (1614) publish his memoirs, including his experiences at the mouth of the Amazon River (here transcribed and translated) – the first report on the Amazons
known in the 17th century. Dudley’s most important work, however, was Dell’Arcano del Mare (On the secret of the sea) (1646-1648, in four volumes). This impressive and detailed treatise about astronomy, navigation, naval construction and cartography included 130 maps, all newly made by him and not copied from other sources, as was usual at that time, summing up all the nautical knowledge of the age. The maps of the Brazilian coast (herein reproduced) are remarkably detailed, showing the names of numerous Indian tribes. Twelve years after his death the second edition of his magum opus was published (Dudley, 1661), now with two volumes. A considerable rearrangement of the text was made, with the
inclusion of many additions, apparently obtained from manuscripts left by the author. In this edition, in the second volume, a small vocabulary in the Tupinambá language may be found, with 136 words or short sentences, extracted, without any apparent criterion, from Jean de Léry’s works (1578, 1594) – the vocabulary is here facsimilarly presented, transcribed,
corrected and translated.
Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 2008
Neotropical Diptera, Feb 4, 2013
A considerable confusion was promoted by European authors concerning the identity of the feline c... more A considerable confusion was promoted by European authors concerning the identity of the feline called lonza (and variants). Under this name were included the leopard or panther (Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758)), the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber, 1775)), the lynx (Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758)) and the caracal (Caracal caracal (Schreber, 1776)), and even the hyaena (Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758)) was included in that list. The leopard was considereda hybrid between the lion (leo) and a mythic feline, the pard (pardus) and different from the panther. The lonza was sometimes treated as a fourth distinct species and as another case of hybridization. A survey of the literature about those various animals, from the Antiquity up to the 19th century, is presented. The hypotheses about the etymology of the several names of
those felines are commented. The most probable ones are the following: (i) for pard: from the Sanskrit pṛdākuh (पृदाकु); (ii) for leopard: from the Latin leo + pardus, based on the erroneous idea that this animal was a hybrid of those two species; (iii) for panther: from the Sanskrit puṇḍarīka (पु'डर*क); (iv) for lonza: from leontia; the derivation from lynx, commonly accepted, must be discarded, as the leopard (or panther) and the lynx proper have different folklores and appearances; (v) the name chita (cheetah in English), for the Acinonyx, was published for the first time by Garcia d’Orta (1563), registered by him in India; (vi) for caracal: from the Turkish qarah-qoulaq = black ear ( = black, = ear); (vii) finally, for the word guepardo, it comes from the Mediterranean Lingua Franca or Sabir gattopardo, altered into gapardus, gapar(d) and guépard, the latter form due to Buffon (1765), who had it from Parisian furriers; through Buffon’s influence, it was incorporated in the modern romance languages.
Chapter I — The Systcma Naturae Carolus Linnaeus — The Treaty of Madrid and P. Loefling — Dahlbe... more Chapter I — The Systcma Naturae
Carolus Linnaeus — The Treaty of Madrid and P. Loefling —
Dahlberg and Rolander - Carolus Linnaeus Jr.
Chapter II — The period of Fabricius
The Cruise of the "Endeavour" — L. C. M. Richard — Palisot
de Beauvois — L. A. G. Bosc — ]. P. B. von Rohr — "Smidt" —
Pflug and Yeats
Chapter III ^— The life and works of J. C. Fabricius
Chapter IV ^ Travels of Humboldt and Bonpland
Humboldt and Bonpland — The travel through Venezuela — The
trips to Cuba, Nueva Granada, and Ecuador — The trip through Mexico
— Humboldt and Bonpland after the travels — Pierre Andre
Latreille
Chapter V — Collectors in Brazil (1801-1835)
Hoffmansegg's collectors: Sieber, Gomes. Feijó — The Russian
expeditions — Sellow and Freyreiss — The Austrian expeditions —
Sellow's journeys in the interior of Brazil — J. Natterer — Kamerlacher
— Bescke — Lund and Claussen
Chapter VI — Collectors in Mexico and the West Indies
Forsström — Ferdinand Deppe's travels in Mexico — Hornbeck
Chapter VII — Thunberg. Erichson. Perty and Wiedemann
Chapter VIII — The French collectors
Saint Hilaire — Gaudichaud-Beaupré — A. Plée — The voyage
of 'La Coquille' — Leschenault and Doumerc — The voyage of 'La
Thetis' and 'L'Esperance' — Lacordaire and Banon — A. D. d'Orbigny
— Vauthier — Sylveira — The voyage of 'La Favorite' — F. R. M.
Leprieur — Claude Gay — Francis de Castelnau — A. Pissis - P.
Germain — M. de Mathan — P. E. Gounelle - M. A. Rojas —
Other collectors
Chapter IX — Entomological collectors in Mexico and Cuba
The exploration of Mexico — The exploration of Cuba: Sagra
and Poey, Gundlach
Chapter X — The French dipterists
Guerin-Meneville — Olivier — Robineau-Desvoidy — Macquart
- Blanchard — Coquerel — Laboulbène — Bigot
Chapter XI — British collectors W. Swainson — L. Guilding — H. Cuming — W. J. Burchell King and F... more Chapter XI — British collectors
W. Swainson — L. Guilding — H. Cuming — W. J. Burchell
King and Fit: Roy — Darwin — P. H. Gosse ^ A. R. Wallace — H.
W. Bates .— Other collectors
Chapter XII — Westwood and Walker
J. O. Westwood — F. Walker
Chapter XIII — Rudolph A. Philippi
Chapter XIV — The voyages of the 'Eugenics' and the 'Novara' ....
The voyage of the 'Eugenics' — The voyage of the 'Novara'
Chapter XV — German and Austrian collectors
Appun — Bilimek — Burmeister — Ehrenberg .— Garlepp — Gollmer
— Helmreichen — Hensel — Karstch — Krug — Moritz — Nolcken — Pehlke .— Petersen — Poeppig — Rengger — Schomburgk —
Steinheil — Sintenis — Stübel — Thieme — Other collectors
Chapter XVI — German and Austrian dipterists
F. M. Brauer — C. E. A. Gerstaecker — H. Loew — J. Mik —
V. von Roeder — E. Riibsaamen — I. R. Schiner
Chapter XVII — The brothers Lynch Arribalzaga
Felix Lynch Arribalzaga — Enrique Lynch Arribalzaga
Chapter XVIII — Italian dipterists and collectors
Camillo Rondani .— Luigi Bellarli — Ermanno Giglio-Tos
Chapter XIX — Weyenbergh and Wulp
Weyenbergh — F. M. van der Wulp
Chapter XX — Scandinavian collectors and collections
C. E. Kiellerup — H. Kroeyer — F. M, Liebmann — F. V. A.
Meinert — A. S. Oersted — J. T. Reinhardt — R. F. Sahlberg —
W. Soerensen — The Westcrmann collection
Chapter XXI — Fritz Müller and Emil Goeldi
J. F. T. Müller — Emil Goeldi
Chapter XXII — Herbert Huntingdon Smith 377
Chapter XXIII - The trip of E. E. Austen to the Brazilian Amazonia
387
Chapter XXIV — Osten Sacken, Williston, Aldrich and Hunter
C. R. Osten Sacken — S. W. Williston — J. M. Aldrich —
W. D. Hunter
Chapter XXV — The Biologia Centrali Americana
Chapter XXVI — The travels of C. A. W. Schnuse
Synopsis of countries and their respective zoological collectors
(Vol. II)
Chronological Table
Mondevergue's stay in Recife (Pernambuco, Brazil) in 1666, according to Souch de Rennerfort (1688... more Mondevergue's stay in Recife (Pernambuco, Brazil) in 1666, according to Souch de Rennerfort (1688). Inhabitants, customs, indians, slavery, commerce, animals and fruits, local politics
On their way to the Kingdom of Congo to act as missionaries, or on their way back from there to E... more On their way to the Kingdom of Congo to act as missionaries, or on their way back from there to Europe, the Italian Capuchin friars Dionigi Carli da Piacenza, Michelangelo Guattini da Reggio, Giovanni Antonio Cavazzi da Montecucolo, Girolamo Merolla da Sorrento and Antonio Zucchelli da Gradisca had to spent some time in the Brazilian cities of Salvador (Bahia) and/or Recife (Pernambuco). In their books they have described the country, its inhabitants and habits, with comments on slavery, commerce, materia medica, the flora and the fauna. The original Italian texts are transcribes, with the translations and comments.