Arvi Kuura | University of Tartu (original) (raw)

Papers by Arvi Kuura

Creativity studies, Nov 29, 2023

MPRA Paper, 2006

The main task of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship policy in Estonia. The idea proc... more The main task of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship policy in Estonia. The idea proceeds from the book by Lundström and Stevenson (2001) 1 , in which the authors describe, analyse and discuss the development of entrepreneurship policy in ten economies-six EU Member States 2 and four members of APEC. In some respects, this article strives to be a "missing chapter" in the aforementioned book concerning entrepreneurship policy in Estonia. It should be considered as an attempt to apply their approach to a country without a long history in SME development. The article starts with an overview of the theoretical background and goes on to examine entrepreneurship policy (or even economic policy) in Estonia. Examination of SME / entrepreneurship policy documents shows that Estonia is moving towards entrepreneurship policy, but with certain minor reservations. The current Estonian entrepreneurship policy may be regarded as a combination of an extension to SME policy and a holistic policy, the trend of development is towards the latter. The "old" (effective in 2002-2006) policy was almost SME policy and has been mentioned as a basis in the new (for 2007-2013) policy document, which is being prepared now. The policy structures followed the vertical model in the period 1996-2000 (and also earlier), but now Estonia is moving towards a horizontal or multi-ministerial model. 1 "Patterns and Trends in Entrepreneurship / SME Policy and Practice in Ten Economies-Volume 3 of the Entrepreneurship Policy for the Future Series", issued by the Swedish Foundation for Small Business Research. 2 EU stands for the European Union and APEC for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. 458 Because defining of entrepreneurship has been challenging for many scholars, there are many definitions. So the problem does not consist in the lack of definitions. As Davidsson (2003) wrote, "the literature is full of definitions of entrepreneurship, which differ along a number of dimensions …". This means that there is still a long way to go to a common definition and (more importantly) to a common understanding of entrepreneurship. Speaking about entrepreneurship, some authors like Acs (2005), Busenitz et al (2003) and Richtermeyer (2003) have used the phrase "emerging field" (or "themes"). So far we cannot speak about a consistent, universal theory in entrepreneurship; it consists of several different disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, regional science, economics, etc, and there is no common theoretical framework to synthesize these different approaches. (Virtanen 1997). Considering this, it is not surprising that there is still no unambiguous definition. At the time, some scholars are more positive about entrepreneurship. For instance, Richtermeyer (2003) points out that entrepreneurship is continuously evolving and also expanding. Davidsson (2003) perceives progress in entrepreneurship research, relying mainly on important works in entrepreneurship, which increasingly appear in highly respected, mainstream journals. Behind this he sees conceptual development that attracts attention. Davidsson also refers to compiled handbooks, providing the field with more of a common body of knowledge (ibid). Thus we can conclude that the "emerging field" is promising, as Shane and Venkataraman (2000) pronounced. The other word is policy. Avoiding a long (and probably not as fruitful) discussion about policy (or even economic policy) in general, it will be useful to go directly to entrepreneurship policy and start from its roots.

Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, 2011

The importance of temporary activities is growing and projects are proliferating in most business... more The importance of temporary activities is growing and projects are proliferating in most businesses, non-profit and public organisations. This trend has been treated by different authors and on different levels-organisational, societal and personal, but mainly on a single level-and under different labels (projectization, projectification, project orientation etc.). As the integral picture is still almost missing, the article is aimed to fill this gap, showing that the levels of projectification are distinguishable, but tightly interconnected. Another aim is to uncover the subtopic of the extent of projectization (and/or projectification) and the appropriate policies and strategies. In this aspect the main issue is the balance between the temporary and the permanent, and the defence of permanency in the world of proliferating temporary settings.

The importance of temporary activities is growing and projects are proliferating in most business... more The importance of temporary activities is growing and projects are proliferating in most businesses, non-profit and public organisations. This trend has been treated by different authors and on different levels-organisational, societal and personal, but mainly on a single level-and under different labels (projectization, projectification, project orientation etc.). As the integral picture is still almost missing, the article is aimed to fill this gap, showing that the levels of projectification are distinguishable, but tightly interconnected. Another aim is to uncover the subtopic of the extent of projectization (and/or projectification) and the appropriate policies and strategies. In this aspect the main issue is the balance between the temporary and the permanent, and the defence of permanency in the world of proliferating temporary settings.

SN Social Sciences, Jul 1, 2022

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Feb 1, 2006

The main task of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship policy in Estonia. The idea proc... more The main task of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship policy in Estonia. The idea proceeds from the book by Lundström and Stevenson (2001) 1 , in which the authors describe, analyse and discuss the development of entrepreneurship policy in ten economies-six EU Member States 2 and four members of APEC. In some respects, this article strives to be a "missing chapter" in the aforementioned book concerning entrepreneurship policy in Estonia. It should be considered as an attempt to apply their approach to a country without a long history in SME development. The article starts with an overview of the theoretical background and goes on to examine entrepreneurship policy (or even economic policy) in Estonia. Examination of SME / entrepreneurship policy documents shows that Estonia is moving towards entrepreneurship policy, but with certain minor reservations. The current Estonian entrepreneurship policy may be regarded as a combination of an extension to SME policy and a holistic policy, the trend of development is towards the latter. The "old" (effective in 2002-2006) policy was almost SME policy and has been mentioned as a basis in the new (for 2007-2013) policy document, which is being prepared now. The policy structures followed the vertical model in the period 1996-2000 (and also earlier), but now Estonia is moving towards a horizontal or multi-ministerial model. 1 "Patterns and Trends in Entrepreneurship / SME Policy and Practice in Ten Economies-Volume 3 of the Entrepreneurship Policy for the Future Series", issued by the Swedish Foundation for Small Business Research. 2 EU stands for the European Union and APEC for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. 458 Because defining of entrepreneurship has been challenging for many scholars, there are many definitions. So the problem does not consist in the lack of definitions. As Davidsson (2003) wrote, "the literature is full of definitions of entrepreneurship, which differ along a number of dimensions …". This means that there is still a long way to go to a common definition and (more importantly) to a common understanding of entrepreneurship. Speaking about entrepreneurship, some authors like Acs (2005), Busenitz et al (2003) and Richtermeyer (2003) have used the phrase "emerging field" (or "themes"). So far we cannot speak about a consistent, universal theory in entrepreneurship; it consists of several different disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, regional science, economics, etc, and there is no common theoretical framework to synthesize these different approaches. (Virtanen 1997). Considering this, it is not surprising that there is still no unambiguous definition. At the time, some scholars are more positive about entrepreneurship. For instance, Richtermeyer (2003) points out that entrepreneurship is continuously evolving and also expanding. Davidsson (2003) perceives progress in entrepreneurship research, relying mainly on important works in entrepreneurship, which increasingly appear in highly respected, mainstream journals. Behind this he sees conceptual development that attracts attention. Davidsson also refers to compiled handbooks, providing the field with more of a common body of knowledge (ibid). Thus we can conclude that the "emerging field" is promising, as Shane and Venkataraman (2000) pronounced. The other word is policy. Avoiding a long (and probably not as fruitful) discussion about policy (or even economic policy) in general, it will be useful to go directly to entrepreneurship policy and start from its roots.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2013

The share of temporary tasks and activities organised through projects and/or programmes is incre... more The share of temporary tasks and activities organised through projects and/or programmes is increasing in modern societies and also in businesses, non-profit and public organisations. To manage an increasing load of projects and programmes, the majority of organisations employ more skilled project management professionals and develop their project management capabilities. Against that background, most governments globally have not paid much attention to the development of project management. In other words, the project management capability (or maturity) has not been a macro-level or policy concern. The article explores the importance of project management capabilities and the need for suitable policies, and outlines a policy for the development of project management

Central European Economic Journal, 2021

Competence frameworks are increasingly used in several practice fields and have been an object of... more Competence frameworks are increasingly used in several practice fields and have been an object of research. A typical development trend has been encapsulation into a particular field, not considering the developments in related fields. Similarly, in research, learning from neighbouring disciplines has been rare. Yet, during the past decade, there have been several attempts at linking essentially related disciplines in practice, such as entrepreneurship and project management. This is a reaction to the trends in the labour market-a growing demand for people with diverse competences. In this context, converging different fields via competences deserves more attention. This paper compares the competences required for project managers and entrepreneurs; in addition, it explores the possibilities for mutual enrichment, contributing to further linking of project management and entrepreneurship conceptually. The cross-examination of competences for entrepreneurs (The Entrepreneurship Competence Framework or EntreComp) and for project managers (International Project Management Association's Individual Competence Baseline [IPMA-ICB]) reveals some quite significant, but also weak, correlations. The linguistic approach used has natural limitations, as different terms have been used to convey the same concepts. Thus, a relational linguistic analysis and conceptual analysis have also been applied. The main implication is the recommendation to integrate core project management competences into competence models for entrepreneurs. A natural progression of this work is to build a common competence model for entrepreneurs and project managers.

International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, Apr 16, 2018

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to integrate research on entrepreneurship and projects by ap... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to integrate research on entrepreneurship and projects by applying process perspectives on these two fields with the ambition to shed light on how this kind of alternative perspectives can be used to further the fields in research and practice. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper is based on previous research efforts in the two fields and on how they have been treated in the past. Business process research is introduced to enrich notions on how the two areas can be combined. Findings By rearranging thinking about projects, entrepreneurship and processes, and through introducing the notion of “chunks”, the authors illustrate how different types of business processes in different types of project contexts can be coordinated through orchestration and/or choreography. Research limitations/implications The research made for this conceptual paper has been thorough. However, the literature is huge, so the reservation must be made that the authors might have missed some important trends. Anyway, there are implications for how research and analyses of data can be used with the thinking described. Originality/value Combining various lines of research is not common as illustrated by the lack of studies combining entrepreneurship and projects; therefore, by adding process notions and “chunk” reasoning, this paper opens up for innovation and renewal in research. To the authors’ knowledge this approach is new.

The share of temporary tasks and activities organised through projects and/or programmes is incre... more The share of temporary tasks and activities organised through projects and/or programmes is increasing in modern societies and also in businesses, non-profit and public organisations. To manage an increasing load of projects and programmes, the majority of organisations employ more skilled project management professionals and develop their project management capabilities. Against that background, most governments globally have not paid much attention to the development of project management. In other words, the project management capability (or maturity) has not been a macro-level or policy concern. The article explores the importance of project management capabilities and the need for suitable policies, and outlines a policy for the development of project management.

Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal, 2011

The importance of temporary activities is growing and projects are proliferating in most business... more The importance of temporary activities is growing and projects are proliferating in most businesses, non-profit and public organisations. This trend has been treated by different authors and on different levels – organisational, societal and personal, but mainly on a single level – and under different labels (projectization, projectification, project orientation etc.). As the integral picture is still almost missing, the article is aimed to fill this gap, showing that the levels of projectification are distinguishable, but tightly interconnected. Another aim is to uncover the subtopic of the extent of projectization (and/or projectification) and the appropriate policies and strategies. In this aspect the main issue is the balance between the temporary and the permanent, and the defence of permanency in the world of proliferating temporary settings

Eesti Majanduspoliitilised Väitlused, 2010

The share of temporary tasks and activities organised through projects and/or programmes is incre... more The share of temporary tasks and activities organised through projects and/or programmes is increasing in modern societies and also in businesses, non-profit and public organisations. To manage an increasing load of projects and programmes, the majority of organisations employ more skilled project management professionals and develop their project management capabilities. Against that background, most governments globally have not paid much attention to the development of project management. In other words, the project management capability (or maturity) has not been a macro-level or policy concern. The article explores the importance of project management capabilities and the need for suitable policies, and outlines a policy for the development of project management

Central European Economic Journal, 2021

Competence frameworks are increasingly used in several practice fields and have been an object of... more Competence frameworks are increasingly used in several practice fields and have been an object of research. A typical development trend has been encapsulation into a particular field, not considering the developments in related fields. Similarly, in research, learning from neighbouring disciplines has been rare. Yet, during the past decade, there have been several attempts at linking essentially related disciplines in practice, such as entrepreneurship and project management. This is a reaction to the trends in the labour market – a growing demand for people with diverse competences. In this context, converging different fields via competences deserves more attention. This paper compares the competences required for project managers and entrepreneurs; in addition, it explores the possibilities for mutual enrichment, contributing to further linking of project management and entrepreneurship conceptually. The cross-examination of competences for entrepreneurs (The Entrepreneurship Com...

Creativity studies, Nov 29, 2023

MPRA Paper, 2006

The main task of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship policy in Estonia. The idea proc... more The main task of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship policy in Estonia. The idea proceeds from the book by Lundström and Stevenson (2001) 1 , in which the authors describe, analyse and discuss the development of entrepreneurship policy in ten economies-six EU Member States 2 and four members of APEC. In some respects, this article strives to be a "missing chapter" in the aforementioned book concerning entrepreneurship policy in Estonia. It should be considered as an attempt to apply their approach to a country without a long history in SME development. The article starts with an overview of the theoretical background and goes on to examine entrepreneurship policy (or even economic policy) in Estonia. Examination of SME / entrepreneurship policy documents shows that Estonia is moving towards entrepreneurship policy, but with certain minor reservations. The current Estonian entrepreneurship policy may be regarded as a combination of an extension to SME policy and a holistic policy, the trend of development is towards the latter. The "old" (effective in 2002-2006) policy was almost SME policy and has been mentioned as a basis in the new (for 2007-2013) policy document, which is being prepared now. The policy structures followed the vertical model in the period 1996-2000 (and also earlier), but now Estonia is moving towards a horizontal or multi-ministerial model. 1 "Patterns and Trends in Entrepreneurship / SME Policy and Practice in Ten Economies-Volume 3 of the Entrepreneurship Policy for the Future Series", issued by the Swedish Foundation for Small Business Research. 2 EU stands for the European Union and APEC for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. 458 Because defining of entrepreneurship has been challenging for many scholars, there are many definitions. So the problem does not consist in the lack of definitions. As Davidsson (2003) wrote, "the literature is full of definitions of entrepreneurship, which differ along a number of dimensions …". This means that there is still a long way to go to a common definition and (more importantly) to a common understanding of entrepreneurship. Speaking about entrepreneurship, some authors like Acs (2005), Busenitz et al (2003) and Richtermeyer (2003) have used the phrase "emerging field" (or "themes"). So far we cannot speak about a consistent, universal theory in entrepreneurship; it consists of several different disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, regional science, economics, etc, and there is no common theoretical framework to synthesize these different approaches. (Virtanen 1997). Considering this, it is not surprising that there is still no unambiguous definition. At the time, some scholars are more positive about entrepreneurship. For instance, Richtermeyer (2003) points out that entrepreneurship is continuously evolving and also expanding. Davidsson (2003) perceives progress in entrepreneurship research, relying mainly on important works in entrepreneurship, which increasingly appear in highly respected, mainstream journals. Behind this he sees conceptual development that attracts attention. Davidsson also refers to compiled handbooks, providing the field with more of a common body of knowledge (ibid). Thus we can conclude that the "emerging field" is promising, as Shane and Venkataraman (2000) pronounced. The other word is policy. Avoiding a long (and probably not as fruitful) discussion about policy (or even economic policy) in general, it will be useful to go directly to entrepreneurship policy and start from its roots.

Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, 2011

The importance of temporary activities is growing and projects are proliferating in most business... more The importance of temporary activities is growing and projects are proliferating in most businesses, non-profit and public organisations. This trend has been treated by different authors and on different levels-organisational, societal and personal, but mainly on a single level-and under different labels (projectization, projectification, project orientation etc.). As the integral picture is still almost missing, the article is aimed to fill this gap, showing that the levels of projectification are distinguishable, but tightly interconnected. Another aim is to uncover the subtopic of the extent of projectization (and/or projectification) and the appropriate policies and strategies. In this aspect the main issue is the balance between the temporary and the permanent, and the defence of permanency in the world of proliferating temporary settings.

The importance of temporary activities is growing and projects are proliferating in most business... more The importance of temporary activities is growing and projects are proliferating in most businesses, non-profit and public organisations. This trend has been treated by different authors and on different levels-organisational, societal and personal, but mainly on a single level-and under different labels (projectization, projectification, project orientation etc.). As the integral picture is still almost missing, the article is aimed to fill this gap, showing that the levels of projectification are distinguishable, but tightly interconnected. Another aim is to uncover the subtopic of the extent of projectization (and/or projectification) and the appropriate policies and strategies. In this aspect the main issue is the balance between the temporary and the permanent, and the defence of permanency in the world of proliferating temporary settings.

SN Social Sciences, Jul 1, 2022

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Feb 1, 2006

The main task of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship policy in Estonia. The idea proc... more The main task of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship policy in Estonia. The idea proceeds from the book by Lundström and Stevenson (2001) 1 , in which the authors describe, analyse and discuss the development of entrepreneurship policy in ten economies-six EU Member States 2 and four members of APEC. In some respects, this article strives to be a "missing chapter" in the aforementioned book concerning entrepreneurship policy in Estonia. It should be considered as an attempt to apply their approach to a country without a long history in SME development. The article starts with an overview of the theoretical background and goes on to examine entrepreneurship policy (or even economic policy) in Estonia. Examination of SME / entrepreneurship policy documents shows that Estonia is moving towards entrepreneurship policy, but with certain minor reservations. The current Estonian entrepreneurship policy may be regarded as a combination of an extension to SME policy and a holistic policy, the trend of development is towards the latter. The "old" (effective in 2002-2006) policy was almost SME policy and has been mentioned as a basis in the new (for 2007-2013) policy document, which is being prepared now. The policy structures followed the vertical model in the period 1996-2000 (and also earlier), but now Estonia is moving towards a horizontal or multi-ministerial model. 1 "Patterns and Trends in Entrepreneurship / SME Policy and Practice in Ten Economies-Volume 3 of the Entrepreneurship Policy for the Future Series", issued by the Swedish Foundation for Small Business Research. 2 EU stands for the European Union and APEC for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. 458 Because defining of entrepreneurship has been challenging for many scholars, there are many definitions. So the problem does not consist in the lack of definitions. As Davidsson (2003) wrote, "the literature is full of definitions of entrepreneurship, which differ along a number of dimensions …". This means that there is still a long way to go to a common definition and (more importantly) to a common understanding of entrepreneurship. Speaking about entrepreneurship, some authors like Acs (2005), Busenitz et al (2003) and Richtermeyer (2003) have used the phrase "emerging field" (or "themes"). So far we cannot speak about a consistent, universal theory in entrepreneurship; it consists of several different disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, regional science, economics, etc, and there is no common theoretical framework to synthesize these different approaches. (Virtanen 1997). Considering this, it is not surprising that there is still no unambiguous definition. At the time, some scholars are more positive about entrepreneurship. For instance, Richtermeyer (2003) points out that entrepreneurship is continuously evolving and also expanding. Davidsson (2003) perceives progress in entrepreneurship research, relying mainly on important works in entrepreneurship, which increasingly appear in highly respected, mainstream journals. Behind this he sees conceptual development that attracts attention. Davidsson also refers to compiled handbooks, providing the field with more of a common body of knowledge (ibid). Thus we can conclude that the "emerging field" is promising, as Shane and Venkataraman (2000) pronounced. The other word is policy. Avoiding a long (and probably not as fruitful) discussion about policy (or even economic policy) in general, it will be useful to go directly to entrepreneurship policy and start from its roots.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2013

The share of temporary tasks and activities organised through projects and/or programmes is incre... more The share of temporary tasks and activities organised through projects and/or programmes is increasing in modern societies and also in businesses, non-profit and public organisations. To manage an increasing load of projects and programmes, the majority of organisations employ more skilled project management professionals and develop their project management capabilities. Against that background, most governments globally have not paid much attention to the development of project management. In other words, the project management capability (or maturity) has not been a macro-level or policy concern. The article explores the importance of project management capabilities and the need for suitable policies, and outlines a policy for the development of project management

Central European Economic Journal, 2021

Competence frameworks are increasingly used in several practice fields and have been an object of... more Competence frameworks are increasingly used in several practice fields and have been an object of research. A typical development trend has been encapsulation into a particular field, not considering the developments in related fields. Similarly, in research, learning from neighbouring disciplines has been rare. Yet, during the past decade, there have been several attempts at linking essentially related disciplines in practice, such as entrepreneurship and project management. This is a reaction to the trends in the labour market-a growing demand for people with diverse competences. In this context, converging different fields via competences deserves more attention. This paper compares the competences required for project managers and entrepreneurs; in addition, it explores the possibilities for mutual enrichment, contributing to further linking of project management and entrepreneurship conceptually. The cross-examination of competences for entrepreneurs (The Entrepreneurship Competence Framework or EntreComp) and for project managers (International Project Management Association's Individual Competence Baseline [IPMA-ICB]) reveals some quite significant, but also weak, correlations. The linguistic approach used has natural limitations, as different terms have been used to convey the same concepts. Thus, a relational linguistic analysis and conceptual analysis have also been applied. The main implication is the recommendation to integrate core project management competences into competence models for entrepreneurs. A natural progression of this work is to build a common competence model for entrepreneurs and project managers.

International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, Apr 16, 2018

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to integrate research on entrepreneurship and projects by ap... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to integrate research on entrepreneurship and projects by applying process perspectives on these two fields with the ambition to shed light on how this kind of alternative perspectives can be used to further the fields in research and practice. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper is based on previous research efforts in the two fields and on how they have been treated in the past. Business process research is introduced to enrich notions on how the two areas can be combined. Findings By rearranging thinking about projects, entrepreneurship and processes, and through introducing the notion of “chunks”, the authors illustrate how different types of business processes in different types of project contexts can be coordinated through orchestration and/or choreography. Research limitations/implications The research made for this conceptual paper has been thorough. However, the literature is huge, so the reservation must be made that the authors might have missed some important trends. Anyway, there are implications for how research and analyses of data can be used with the thinking described. Originality/value Combining various lines of research is not common as illustrated by the lack of studies combining entrepreneurship and projects; therefore, by adding process notions and “chunk” reasoning, this paper opens up for innovation and renewal in research. To the authors’ knowledge this approach is new.

The share of temporary tasks and activities organised through projects and/or programmes is incre... more The share of temporary tasks and activities organised through projects and/or programmes is increasing in modern societies and also in businesses, non-profit and public organisations. To manage an increasing load of projects and programmes, the majority of organisations employ more skilled project management professionals and develop their project management capabilities. Against that background, most governments globally have not paid much attention to the development of project management. In other words, the project management capability (or maturity) has not been a macro-level or policy concern. The article explores the importance of project management capabilities and the need for suitable policies, and outlines a policy for the development of project management.

Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal, 2011

The importance of temporary activities is growing and projects are proliferating in most business... more The importance of temporary activities is growing and projects are proliferating in most businesses, non-profit and public organisations. This trend has been treated by different authors and on different levels – organisational, societal and personal, but mainly on a single level – and under different labels (projectization, projectification, project orientation etc.). As the integral picture is still almost missing, the article is aimed to fill this gap, showing that the levels of projectification are distinguishable, but tightly interconnected. Another aim is to uncover the subtopic of the extent of projectization (and/or projectification) and the appropriate policies and strategies. In this aspect the main issue is the balance between the temporary and the permanent, and the defence of permanency in the world of proliferating temporary settings

Eesti Majanduspoliitilised Väitlused, 2010

The share of temporary tasks and activities organised through projects and/or programmes is incre... more The share of temporary tasks and activities organised through projects and/or programmes is increasing in modern societies and also in businesses, non-profit and public organisations. To manage an increasing load of projects and programmes, the majority of organisations employ more skilled project management professionals and develop their project management capabilities. Against that background, most governments globally have not paid much attention to the development of project management. In other words, the project management capability (or maturity) has not been a macro-level or policy concern. The article explores the importance of project management capabilities and the need for suitable policies, and outlines a policy for the development of project management

Central European Economic Journal, 2021

Competence frameworks are increasingly used in several practice fields and have been an object of... more Competence frameworks are increasingly used in several practice fields and have been an object of research. A typical development trend has been encapsulation into a particular field, not considering the developments in related fields. Similarly, in research, learning from neighbouring disciplines has been rare. Yet, during the past decade, there have been several attempts at linking essentially related disciplines in practice, such as entrepreneurship and project management. This is a reaction to the trends in the labour market – a growing demand for people with diverse competences. In this context, converging different fields via competences deserves more attention. This paper compares the competences required for project managers and entrepreneurs; in addition, it explores the possibilities for mutual enrichment, contributing to further linking of project management and entrepreneurship conceptually. The cross-examination of competences for entrepreneurs (The Entrepreneurship Com...